CN113359213A - Active ionosphere detection system - Google Patents

Active ionosphere detection system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113359213A
CN113359213A CN202110265407.7A CN202110265407A CN113359213A CN 113359213 A CN113359213 A CN 113359213A CN 202110265407 A CN202110265407 A CN 202110265407A CN 113359213 A CN113359213 A CN 113359213A
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signal
radio frequency
transmitting
frequency signal
receiving
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CN113359213B (en
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闫小娟
张效信
董亮
于超
郭少杰
高冠男
沈发新
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Yunnan Astronomical Observatory of CAS
National Satellite Meteorological Center
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Yunnan Astronomical Observatory of CAS
National Satellite Meteorological Center
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
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Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an ionospheric active probing system, the system comprising: the signal transmitting device is arranged on a space vehicle platform which is away from the ionosphere by a preset height and is used for transmitting a first transmitting radio frequency signal and a second transmitting radio frequency signal; the receiving device is used for receiving the first receiving radio frequency signal and the second receiving radio frequency signal and outputting the processed first receiving radio frequency signal and the processed second receiving radio frequency signal; signal processing means for: obtaining a first rotation signal and a second rotation signal according to the processed first receiving radio frequency signal and the processed second receiving radio frequency signal; determining a target phase relationship according to the first rotation direction signal and the second rotation direction signal; and determining the change information of the ionized layer according to the target phase relation. The method and the device can determine the change information of the ionized layer according to the target phase relation so as to realize the quick, real-time and accurate measurement of the ionized layer.

Description

Active ionosphere detection system
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of space exploration, in particular to an active ionosphere exploration system.
Background
The Ionosphere (Ionosphere) is an ionization region of the earth's atmosphere, and is an atmospheric high layer that is ionized by high-energy radiation from the sun and excitation by cosmic rays. Under the action of solar ultraviolet rays, X rays, Y rays, high-energy particles and the like, neutral gas molecules in an ionized layer are ionized to generate a large number of free electrons and positive and negative ions, so that an ionization region is formed. The propagation velocity of a signal changes when the signal passes through the ionosphere, the degree of the change is mainly determined by the electron density in the ionosphere and the frequency of the signal, and the propagation path of the signal is slightly bent, so that the distance obtained by multiplying the propagation time of the signal by the speed of light in vacuum is not equal to the geometric distance from the signal to a receiver. The variation parameters of the ionized layer are important space weather monitoring data and play an important role in communication guarantee, space environment and the like, so that the method has important significance in realizing rapid, real-time and accurate measurement of the ionized layer.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present disclosure provides an ionosphere active probing system to realize fast, real-time and accurate measurement of a variation parameter of an ionosphere, the system including:
the signal transmitting device is arranged on a space vehicle platform with a preset height away from an ionosphere and used for transmitting a first transmitting radio frequency signal and a second transmitting radio frequency signal, wherein the first transmitting radio frequency signal and the second transmitting radio frequency signal are standard linear polarized waves with equal amplitude, frequency and phase and orthogonal;
the receiving device is arranged on the ground and used for receiving a first receiving radio frequency signal and a second receiving radio frequency signal and outputting a processed first receiving radio frequency signal and a processed second receiving radio frequency signal, wherein the first receiving radio frequency signal is a radio frequency signal of the first transmitting radio frequency signal after passing through an ionized layer, and the second receiving radio frequency signal is a radio frequency signal of the second transmitting radio frequency signal after passing through the ionized layer;
the signal processing device is electrically connected with the receiving device and is used for:
obtaining a first rotation signal and a second rotation signal according to the processed first receiving radio frequency signal and the processed second receiving radio frequency signal, wherein the phases of the first rotation signal and the second rotation signal are different;
determining a target phase relationship according to the first rotation direction signal and the second rotation direction signal;
and determining the change information of the ionized layer according to the target phase relation.
In one possible embodiment, the signal transmitting apparatus includes:
the signal generating module comprises a first signal generating unit and a second signal generating unit, wherein the output end of the first signal generating unit is used for outputting the first transmitting radio-frequency signal, and the second signal generating unit is used for outputting the second transmitting radio-frequency signal;
the switch module comprises a first controllable microwave switch and a second controllable microwave switch, wherein the first end of the first controllable microwave switch is electrically connected to the output end of the first signal generation unit, the first end of the second controllable microwave switch is electrically connected to the output end of the second signal generation unit, and the first controllable microwave switch and the second controllable microwave switch are respectively used for outputting the first transmitting radio-frequency signal and the second transmitting radio-frequency signal when being conducted;
the antenna module comprises a first transmitting antenna and a second transmitting antenna, wherein the first transmitting antenna is orthogonal to the second transmitting antenna, the first transmitting antenna is electrically connected to the second end of the first controllable microwave switch, the second transmitting antenna is electrically connected to the second end of the second controllable microwave switch, the first transmitting antenna and the second transmitting antenna are respectively used for receiving and transmitting a first transmitting radio-frequency signal and a second transmitting radio-frequency signal transmitted by the first controllable microwave switch and the second controllable microwave switch, the first transmitting antenna faces the sun, and the second transmitting antenna is parallel to the sun.
In one possible embodiment, the first signal generating unit and the second signal generating unit each comprise a digital signal processor, a programmable digital signal synthesizer, a filter, an isolator, and a power amplifier, wherein,
the output end of the digital signal processor is electrically connected with the input end of the programmable digital signal synthesizer, the digital signal processor is used for outputting transmission radio frequency signals to generate information, and the transmission radio frequency signals generate information including frequency, phase and amplitude;
the output end of the programmable digital signal synthesizer is electrically connected with the input end of the filter, the programmable digital signal synthesizer is used for generating an initial transmitting radio frequency signal according to the transmitting radio frequency signal,
the output end of the filter is electrically connected to the input end of the isolator, the filter is used for filtering the initial transmitting radio frequency signal and outputting the filtered initial transmitting radio frequency signal,
the output end of the isolator is electrically connected with the input end of the power amplifier, the isolator is used for carrying out output matching on the filtered initial transmitting radio-frequency signal and outputting the matched initial transmitting radio-frequency signal,
the power amplifier is used for outputting the transmission radio frequency signal after power amplification according to the matched initial transmission radio frequency signal.
In a possible implementation manner, the antenna module includes at least one adjusting unit, and the adjusting unit is configured to adjust a telescopic length of an antenna in the antenna module according to a control signal, so that the antenna is matched to a target transmission efficiency when transmitting a signal.
In a possible implementation manner, the receiving apparatus includes a first receiver and a second receiver, the first receiver is configured to receive the first receiving rf signal and output a processed first receiving rf signal, the second receiver is configured to receive the second receiving rf signal and output a processed second receiving rf signal,
the first receiver comprises a first receiving antenna, the second receiver comprises a second receiving antenna, the first receiving antenna and the second receiving antenna are orthogonal polarization antennas, and the first receiver and the second receiver have the same phase-frequency response and amplitude-frequency response.
In one possible implementation, each of the first receiver and the second receiver further includes:
the input end of the first amplifier is electrically connected with the receiving antenna and is used for carrying out first-stage amplification on the received radio-frequency signal and outputting the received radio-frequency signal after the first-stage amplification;
a first band-pass filter, the input end of which is electrically connected to the output end of the first amplifier, for performing a first band-pass filtering on the received radio-frequency signal amplified by the first stage and outputting the received radio-frequency signal subjected to the first band-pass filtering,
the input end of the second amplifier is electrically connected with the output end of the first band-pass filter and is used for carrying out second-stage amplification on the received radio-frequency signals after band-pass filtering and outputting the received radio-frequency signals after the second-stage amplification;
the input end of the second band-pass filter is electrically connected with the output end of the second amplifier and is used for carrying out second-time band-pass filtering on the received radio-frequency signal amplified by the second stage to obtain the received radio-frequency signal subjected to the second-time band-pass filtering;
and the input end of the third amplifier is electrically connected with the output end of the second band-pass filter and is used for carrying out third-stage amplification on the received radio-frequency signal subjected to the second-stage band-pass filtering and outputting the received radio-frequency signal subjected to the third-stage amplification, namely the processed radio-frequency received signal.
In one possible embodiment, the signal processing apparatus comprises a first signal processing unit, a second signal processing unit, wherein,
a first input end and a second input end of the first signal processing unit are electrically connected to output ends of the first receiver and the second receiver, respectively, and are used for receiving a processed first radio frequency receiving signal output by the first receiver and a processed second radio frequency receiving signal output by the second receiver, respectively, and the first signal processing unit is used for: performing analog-to-digital conversion on the processed first radio frequency receiving signal and the processed second radio frequency receiving signal to obtain a first digital signal corresponding to the processed first radio frequency receiving signal and a second digital signal corresponding to the processed second radio frequency receiving signal,
the input end of the second signal processing unit is electrically connected to the output end of the first signal processing unit, and is configured to:
obtaining the first rotation direction signal according to the first digital signal, and obtaining the second rotation direction signal according to the second digital signal;
determining a target phase relationship according to the first rotation direction signal and the second rotation direction signal;
and determining the change information of the ionized layer according to the target phase relation.
In one possible embodiment, the determining a target phase relationship from the first rotation signal and the second rotation signal includes:
generating an intermediate signal, wherein the frequency of the intermediate signal is the same as the frequency of the first and second transmit radio frequency signals;
multiplying the intermediate signal by the first rotation direction signal and the second rotation direction signal respectively to obtain a first multiplication signal and a second multiplication signal;
and low-pass filtering the first multiplication signal and the second multiplication signal, and obtaining the target phase relation according to the filtered first multiplication signal and the filtered second multiplication signal.
In one possible embodiment, the generating the intermediate signal includes:
and generating the intermediate signal according to the frequencies of the first transmitting radio frequency signal and the second transmitting radio frequency signal by utilizing a digital voltage-controlled oscillator.
In a possible embodiment, the spacecraft platform comprises a satellite, and the ionosphere variation information comprises plasma frequency variation and electron density.
The ionosphere active detection system provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can utilize a signal transmitting device to actively transmit a first transmitting radio frequency signal and a second transmitting radio frequency signal which are equal in amplitude, frequency and phase and are orthogonal, utilize a receiving device to receive a first receiving radio frequency signal of the first transmitting radio frequency signal after passing through the ionosphere and a second receiving radio frequency signal of the second transmitting radio frequency signal after passing through the ionosphere, process the first receiving radio frequency signal and the second receiving radio frequency signal, output a processed first receiving radio frequency signal and a processed second receiving radio frequency signal, utilize a signal processing device to obtain a first turning signal and a second turning signal according to the processed first receiving radio frequency signal and the processed second receiving radio frequency signal, determine a target phase relationship according to the first turning signal and the second turning signal, and determining the change information of the ionized layer according to the target phase relation so as to realize the rapid, real-time and accurate measurement of the ionized layer.
Other features and aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
Figure 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an ionospheric active probing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of an ionospheric active probing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a signal transmitting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a receiving apparatus and a signal processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers can indicate functionally identical or similar elements. While the various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
Furthermore, in the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present disclosure. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be practiced without some of these specific details. In some instances, methods, means, elements and circuits that are well known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an active ionospheric sounding system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the system includes:
the signal transmitting device 10 is arranged on a spacecraft platform with a preset height away from an ionosphere and used for transmitting a first transmitting radio frequency signal and a second transmitting radio frequency signal, wherein the first transmitting radio frequency signal and the second transmitting radio frequency signal are standard linearly polarized waves with equal amplitude, frequency and phase and orthogonal;
the receiving device 20 is disposed on the ground, and is configured to receive a first receiving radio frequency signal and a second receiving radio frequency signal, and output a processed first receiving radio frequency signal and a processed second receiving radio frequency signal, where the first receiving radio frequency signal is a radio frequency signal of the first transmitting radio frequency signal after passing through an ionosphere, and the second receiving radio frequency signal is a radio frequency signal of the second transmitting radio frequency signal after passing through an ionosphere;
a signal processing device 30 electrically connected to the receiving device 20, for:
obtaining a first rotation signal and a second rotation signal according to the processed first receiving radio frequency signal and the processed second receiving radio frequency signal, wherein the phases of the first rotation signal and the second rotation signal are different;
determining a target phase relationship according to the first rotation direction signal and the second rotation direction signal;
and determining the change information of the ionized layer according to the target phase relation.
The ionosphere active detection system provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can utilize a signal transmitting device to actively transmit a first transmitting radio frequency signal and a second transmitting radio frequency signal which are equal in amplitude, frequency and phase and are orthogonal, utilize a receiving device to receive a first receiving radio frequency signal of the first transmitting radio frequency signal after passing through the ionosphere and a second receiving radio frequency signal of the second transmitting radio frequency signal after passing through the ionosphere, process the first receiving radio frequency signal and the second receiving radio frequency signal, output a processed first receiving radio frequency signal and a processed second receiving radio frequency signal, utilize a signal processing device to obtain a first turning signal and a second turning signal according to the processed first receiving radio frequency signal and the processed second receiving radio frequency signal, determine a target phase relationship according to the first turning signal and the second turning signal, and determining the change information of the ionized layer according to the target phase relation so as to realize the rapid, real-time and accurate measurement of the ionized layer.
In a possible embodiment, the spacecraft platform comprises a satellite, and the ionosphere variation information comprises plasma frequency variation, electron density, and the like.
In the following, possible implementations of the various means of the system are exemplarily described.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an active ionospheric sounding system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmitting apparatus according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the signal transmitting apparatus 10 may include:
the signal generating module 110 may include a first signal generating unit 1100 and a second signal generating unit 1110, wherein an output end of the first signal generating unit 1100 is configured to output the first transmitting rf signal, and the second signal generating unit 1110 is configured to output the second transmitting rf signal;
the switch module 120 may include a first controllable microwave switch 1201 and a second controllable microwave switch 1202, a first end of the first controllable microwave switch 1201 is electrically connected to the output end of the first signal generating unit 1100, a first end of the second controllable microwave switch 1202 is electrically connected to the output end of the second signal generating unit 1110, and the first controllable microwave switch 1201 and the second controllable microwave switch 1202 are configured to output the first transmitting rf signal and the second transmitting rf signal when turned on, respectively;
the antenna module 130 may include a first transmitting antenna 1301 and a second transmitting antenna 1302, the first transmitting antenna 1301 is orthogonal to the second transmitting antenna 1302, the first transmitting antenna 1301 is electrically connected to the second end of the first controllable microwave switch 1201, the second transmitting antenna 1302 is electrically connected to the second end of the second controllable microwave switch 1202, the first transmitting antenna 1301 and the second transmitting antenna 1302 are respectively configured to receive and transmit a first transmitting radio frequency signal and a second transmitting radio frequency signal transmitted from the first controllable microwave switch 1201 and the second controllable microwave switch 1202, wherein the first transmitting antenna 1301 faces the sun, and the second transmitting antenna 1302 is parallel to the sun.
In one possible implementation, the first signal generating unit 1100 and the second signal generating unit 1110 may each include a digital signal processor 1101, a programmable digital signal synthesizer 1102, a filter 1103, an isolator 1104 and a power amplifier 1105, wherein,
the output end of the digital signal processor 1101 is electrically connected to the input end of the programmable digital signal synthesizer, the digital signal processor 1101 is configured to output transmission radio frequency signal generation information, where the transmission radio frequency signal generation information includes frequency, phase, amplitude, and the like;
an output end of the programmable digital signal synthesizer 1102 is electrically connected to an input end of the filter 1103, the programmable digital signal synthesizer 1102 is configured to generate an initial transmitting rf signal according to the transmitting rf signal generation information,
an output terminal of the filter 1103 is electrically connected to an input terminal of the isolator 1104, the filter 1103 is configured to filter the initial transmitting rf signal, output a filtered initial transmitting rf signal,
an output terminal of the isolator 1104 is electrically connected to an input terminal of the power amplifier 1105, the isolator 1104 is configured to match outputs of the filtered initial transmit rf signal, output the matched initial transmit rf signal,
the power amplifier 1105 is configured to output a power-amplified transmission radio frequency signal according to the matched initial transmission radio frequency signal.
In one example, the digital signal processor may be implemented by using general-purpose hardware circuits and combining with executable logic, for example, the digital signal processor may include a programmable gate array FPGA, a single chip microcomputer, a central processing unit CPU, a microprocessor MCU, a digital signal processing unit DSP, and the like.
In one example, the digital signal processor may send the radio frequency signal generation information to the programmable digital signal synthesizer through the serial peripheral interface SPI.
In one example, the signal generating device may further include a memory for storing the rf signal generation information or other data, and the dsp may retrieve the rf signal generation information from the memory and send it to the programmable dsp synthesizer via an SPI bus or other type of bus communication.
The memory may be implemented, among other things, by any type of volatile or non-volatile memory device or combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic or optical disk.
In one example, when the programmed digital signal synthesizer receives the radio frequency signal generation information, a radio frequency signal corresponding to the radio frequency signal generation information may be generated.
In one example, the programmable digital signal synthesizer may produce up to 2GHz, phase accuracy of 10-8High-precision signals cover most of the signals sensitive to the ionosphere. Meanwhile, the method is complementary to the double-frequency measurement (1.3-16GHz) of the global navigation satellite system GNSS system in the L band.
It should be noted that the programmable digital signal synthesizer according to the embodiment of the present disclosure may generate radio frequency signals with a plurality of different frequencies, and the specific frequency, phase, amplitude, and other information of the generated radio frequency signals are not limited in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art may set the frequency, phase, amplitude, and other information as needed to implement measurement of data with a plurality of accuracies.
It should be understood that, although the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a digital signal processor, a programmable digital signal synthesizer, etc. at both signal generating units, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and in other embodiments, two signal generating units may share one set of digital signal processor and programmable digital signal synthesizer, for example, when the digital signal processor generates rf signal generating information according to configuration information or received control information and transmits the rf signal generating information to the programmable digital signal synthesizer, the programmable digital signal synthesizer may generate two rf signals, which have the same frequency, phase, and amplitude.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the frequencies, phases and amplitudes of the two transmitted radio frequency signals are completely the same, so that the measurement requirement can be met, and the measurement precision of the parameters of the ionized layer is improved.
In one example, the filter 1103 may be a low-pass filter, and the radio frequency signal generated by the programmable digital signal synthesizer is filtered by the low-pass filter to filter out high-frequency spurious noise, so as to improve the measurement accuracy.
In an example, the isolator may perform output matching on the filtered radio frequency signal, reduce signal reflection from the front end to the back end, and improve signal transmission efficiency.
In one example, the power amplifier may power amplify the input radio frequency signal to increase the transmission distance of the radio frequency signal, thereby increasing the efficiency of ionospheric parameter measurement.
In an example, the controllable microwave switch may receive a control signal or configuration information to select a conducting direction and establish a corresponding electrical connection relationship, for example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, two ends of the controllable microwave switch may be set to be fixedly connected to an output of the power amplifier and the transmitting antenna, so as to transmit the radio frequency signal output by the power amplifier to the transmitting antenna, so as to implement transmission of the radio frequency signal by using the transmitting antenna; in other embodiments, the signal transmitting apparatus may further include other units, for example, may further include a signal receiving unit, and since the antenna may be used for both transmitting and receiving signals, a signal receiving unit (e.g., a receiver) may be provided, and when radio frequency signals need to be received, the controllable microwave switch may establish a connection relationship between the receiver and the antenna (in this case, the receiving antenna) according to the configuration information or the control signal, so as to transmit the radio frequency signals received by the antenna to the signal receiving unit.
Of course, the apparatus may also include other or more units to implement corresponding functions, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
The type and specific implementation of the controllable microwave switch implemented in the present disclosure are not limited, and those skilled in the art can determine the type and specific implementation as needed.
The embodiment of the disclosure can realize various connection modes of the device through the controllable microwave switch, and connect the antenna to different units to realize function expansion, thereby improving expandability, environmental adaptability and flexibility.
In a possible implementation manner, the antenna module may further include at least one adjusting unit, where the adjusting unit is configured to adjust a telescopic length of an antenna in the antenna module according to a control signal, so that the antenna is matched to a target transmission efficiency when transmitting a signal. For example, the optimal resonance length of the antenna at a certain frequency is equal to 1/2 of the corresponding wavelength of the frequency, and for this reason, the disclosed embodiment can adjust the length of the element antenna through the adjusting unit, so that the antenna has the optimal length for synchronously matching different transmission signals.
In an example, the adjusting unit may include a motor, a telescopic rod, or other devices and mechanisms to adjust the telescopic length of the antenna to a target length (a resonant length matching the transmission frequency) according to the frequency of the control signal or the radio frequency signal generated by the programmable digital signal synthesizer, and the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to the specific implementation manner of the adjusting unit.
In a possible implementation manner, the first transmitting antenna and the second transmitting antenna may be orthogonal (90 °) antennas, and the first transmitting rf signal and the second transmitting rf signal are in the same frequency and phase, so that after being transmitted by the first transmitting antenna and the second transmitting antenna, the first transmitting rf signal and the second transmitting rf signal form a standard linearly polarized wave in space.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a receiving device and a signal processing device according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 4, the receiving apparatus may include a first receiver 210 and a second receiver 220, where the first receiver 210 may be configured to receive the first received rf signal and output a processed first received rf signal, the second receiver 220 may be configured to receive the second received rf signal and output a processed second received rf signal,
the first receiver may include a first receiving antenna 2110, the second receiver may include a second receiving antenna 2111, the first receiving antenna 2110 and the second receiving antenna 2111 are orthogonally polarized antennas, and the first receiver and the second receiver have the same phase-frequency response and amplitude-frequency response.
In a possible implementation manner, as shown in fig. 4, each of the first receiver and the second receiver may further include:
a first amplifier 2112, an input end of which is electrically connected to the receiving antenna, for performing first-stage amplification on the received radio frequency signal and outputting the received radio frequency signal after the first-stage amplification;
a first band-pass filter 2113, an input end of which is electrically connected to the output end of the first amplifier 2112, for performing a first band-pass filtering on the received rf signal after the first-stage amplification and outputting the received rf signal after the first band-pass filtering,
a second amplifier 2114, an input end of which is electrically connected to the output end of the first band-pass filter 2113, and configured to perform second-stage amplification on the band-pass filtered received radio frequency signal, and output the received radio frequency signal after the second-stage amplification;
a second band-pass filter 2115, an input end of which is electrically connected to the output end of the second amplifier 2114, for performing a second band-pass filtering on the received radio-frequency signal after the second-stage amplification to obtain a received radio-frequency signal after the second band-pass filtering;
and an input end of the third amplifier 2116 is electrically connected to the output end of the second band-pass filter 2115, and is configured to perform third-stage amplification on the received radio-frequency signal subjected to the second band-pass filtering, and output a received radio-frequency signal subjected to the third-stage amplification, that is, a processed radio-frequency received signal.
In one example, the first amplifier may set parameters such as gain, dynamic range, etc. to prevent saturation, depending on the specifics of the local radio environment.
In one example, a second amplifier, a third amplifier may be used to further increase the link gain.
The embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit the specific implementation manners of the first amplifier, the second amplifier, and the third amplifier, and a person skilled in the art may select an amplifier implementation in the related art as needed.
In an example, the first band pass filter and the second band pass filter may be configured to suppress interference outside a band pass, and prevent saturation of an amplifier, for a specific implementation manner of the two band pass filters, the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited, and a person skilled in the art may select a band pass filter implementation in the related art according to an actual need, and the embodiment of the present disclosure also does not limit the band pass of the first band pass filter and the second band pass filter, and the person skilled in the art may set the band pass according to an actual situation or need.
After the two radio frequency receiving signals are subjected to multistage amplification and filtering, the gain is improved, noise is filtered, and subsequently, when the parameters of the ionized layer are determined by utilizing the two processed radio frequency receiving signals, the accuracy and the efficiency of measurement can be further improved.
In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 4, the signal processing apparatus may include a first signal processing unit 310, a second signal processing unit 320, wherein,
a first input end and a second input end of the first signal processing unit 310 are electrically connected to the output ends of the first receiver 210 and the second receiver 220, respectively, and are respectively configured to receive a processed first rf receiving signal output by the first receiver 210 and a processed second rf receiving signal output by the second receiver 220, where the first signal processing unit 310 is configured to: performing analog-to-digital conversion on the processed first radio frequency receiving signal and the processed second radio frequency receiving signal to obtain a first digital signal corresponding to the processed first radio frequency receiving signal and a second digital signal corresponding to the processed second radio frequency receiving signal,
the input terminal of the second signal processing unit 320 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first signal processing unit 310, and is configured to:
obtaining the first rotation direction signal according to the first digital signal, and obtaining the second rotation direction signal according to the second digital signal;
determining a target phase relationship according to the first rotation direction signal and the second rotation direction signal;
and determining the change information of the ionized layer according to the target phase relation.
In one example, the first signal processing unit may be implemented by an analog-to-digital converter, and may also be implemented by other devices, such as an agile transceiver, for example, the agile transceiver has a wider bandwidth input range, for example, the embodiments of the present disclosure may implement analog-to-digital conversion by using agile transceiver a or agile transceiver B, where table 1 shows parameters of agile transceiver a or agile transceiver B.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002971447870000141
As shown in Table 1, the agile transceiver A can realize the observation and conversion of signals in any 200kHz-56MHz bandwidth in a 70MHz-6GHz band, and the agile transceiver B can realize the observation and conversion of signals in any 8MHz-100MHz bandwidth in a 300MHz-6GHz band.
The above description of the first signal processing unit is exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art may implement the analog-to-digital conversion using other devices.
In one example, the second signal processing unit may include a general-purpose hardware circuit implementation such as a programmable gate array FPGA, a digital signal processing unit DSP, a central processing unit CPU, etc., and may communicate with the first signal processing unit through an SPI bus or other communication means.
In one example, the signal processing apparatus may be connected to an external control device (e.g., a computer, a server, etc.), and may receive instructions and data (e.g., a satellite transmission frequency point, a bandwidth, a filter parameter, a center frequency, etc.) transmitted by the control device to implement the determination of the ionosphere parameters.
An exemplary description of possible implementations for determining the changing parameters of the ionosphere follows.
In a possible implementation, the determining a target phase relationship according to the first rotation direction signal and the second rotation direction signal may include:
generating an intermediate signal, wherein the frequency of the intermediate signal is the same as the frequency of the first and second transmit radio frequency signals;
multiplying the intermediate signal by the first rotation direction signal and the second rotation direction signal respectively to obtain a first multiplication signal and a second multiplication signal;
and low-pass filtering the first multiplication signal and the second multiplication signal, and obtaining the target phase relation according to the filtered first multiplication signal and the filtered second multiplication signal.
In one example, the first rotation signal and the second rotation signal are circularly polarized signals.
In one example, the first rotation direction signal EL(t) second rotation direction signal ER(t) can be shown as equation 1:
Figure BDA0002971447870000151
wherein E isxRepresenting the amplitude of the first digital signal, EyRepresenting the amplitude of the second digital signal, w representing the frequency of the first, second transmitted radio frequency signal, and t representing time.
In a possible implementation, the generating the intermediate signal may include:
and generating the intermediate signal according to the frequencies of the first transmitting radio frequency signal and the second transmitting radio frequency signal by utilizing a digital voltage-controlled oscillator.
In one example, the first multiplication signal and the second multiplication signal may be filtered by an FIR low-pass filter, and the low-frequency part obtained by filtering includes a target phase relationship of the first rotation direction signal and the second rotation direction signal with respect to the standard signal, so that the target phase relationship may be obtained according to the low-frequency part obtained by filtering.
It should be noted that, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit the specific implementation manner in which the target phase relationship can be obtained according to the low-frequency part obtained by filtering, and those skilled in the art can implement the target phase relationship according to the related art.
In one possible implementation, determining the change information of the ionosphere according to the target phase relationship may include:
determining ionospheric variation information according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002971447870000152
wherein, ω ispRepresenting the plasma frequency, ω representing the frequencies of the first and second transmitted RF signals, ωcRepresenting a predetermined fixed constant frequency, mu0And ε0Denotes the dielectric constant, Δ ω, in the transmission pathpRepresents the plasma frequency variation, and Δ β' represents the target phase relationship (the first and second rotation directionsThe phase ratio of the signals).
The active ionosphere detection system provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can detect that an active multi-beacon (frequency band below 1 GHz) orthogonal polarization emission source and a standard reference beacon are adopted on a polar orbit satellite, a receiving antenna array with corresponding polarization is established on a foundation, multi-ground distributed detection is adopted, during the transit period of the satellite, the measurement of three parameters of different emission signals in phase, amplitude and polarization is measured, and the conditions of the ionosphere above different regions are obtained by performing inversion calculation in combination with the information of the height, attitude, relative position and the like of the current spacecraft. The active multi-frequency point detection of the ionosphere is firstly realized on a single satellite platform, and a technical basis is provided for realizing rapid multi-level and time-seamless ionosphere detection based on a plurality of small satellite platforms in the future.
Having described embodiments of the present disclosure, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. An ionospheric active probing system, the system comprising:
the signal transmitting device is arranged on a space vehicle platform with a preset height away from an ionosphere and used for transmitting a first transmitting radio frequency signal and a second transmitting radio frequency signal, wherein the first transmitting radio frequency signal and the second transmitting radio frequency signal are standard linear polarized waves with equal amplitude, frequency and phase and orthogonal;
the receiving device is arranged on the ground and used for receiving a first receiving radio frequency signal and a second receiving radio frequency signal and outputting a processed first receiving radio frequency signal and a processed second receiving radio frequency signal, wherein the first receiving radio frequency signal is a radio frequency signal of the first transmitting radio frequency signal after passing through an ionized layer, and the second receiving radio frequency signal is a radio frequency signal of the second transmitting radio frequency signal after passing through the ionized layer;
the signal processing device is electrically connected with the receiving device and is used for:
obtaining a first rotation signal and a second rotation signal according to the processed first receiving radio frequency signal and the processed second receiving radio frequency signal, wherein the phases of the first rotation signal and the second rotation signal are different;
determining a target phase relationship according to the first rotation direction signal and the second rotation direction signal;
and determining the change information of the ionized layer according to the target phase relation.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the signal transmitting means comprises:
the signal generating module comprises a first signal generating unit and a second signal generating unit, wherein the output end of the first signal generating unit is used for outputting the first transmitting radio-frequency signal, and the second signal generating unit is used for outputting the second transmitting radio-frequency signal;
the switch module comprises a first controllable microwave switch and a second controllable microwave switch, wherein the first end of the first controllable microwave switch is electrically connected to the output end of the first signal generation unit, the first end of the second controllable microwave switch is electrically connected to the output end of the second signal generation unit, and the first controllable microwave switch and the second controllable microwave switch are respectively used for outputting the first transmitting radio-frequency signal and the second transmitting radio-frequency signal when being conducted;
the antenna module comprises a first transmitting antenna and a second transmitting antenna, wherein the first transmitting antenna is orthogonal to the second transmitting antenna, the first transmitting antenna is electrically connected to the second end of the first controllable microwave switch, the second transmitting antenna is electrically connected to the second end of the second controllable microwave switch, the first transmitting antenna and the second transmitting antenna are respectively used for receiving and transmitting a first transmitting radio-frequency signal and a second transmitting radio-frequency signal transmitted by the first controllable microwave switch and the second controllable microwave switch, the first transmitting antenna faces the sun, and the second transmitting antenna is parallel to the sun.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the first signal generating unit and the second signal generating unit each comprise a digital signal processor, a programmable digital signal synthesizer, a filter, an isolator, and a power amplifier,
the output end of the digital signal processor is electrically connected with the input end of the programmable digital signal synthesizer, the digital signal processor is used for outputting transmission radio frequency signals to generate information, and the transmission radio frequency signals generate information including frequency, phase and amplitude;
the output end of the programmable digital signal synthesizer is electrically connected with the input end of the filter, the programmable digital signal synthesizer is used for generating an initial transmitting radio frequency signal according to the transmitting radio frequency signal,
the output end of the filter is electrically connected to the input end of the isolator, the filter is used for filtering the initial transmitting radio frequency signal and outputting the filtered initial transmitting radio frequency signal,
the output end of the isolator is electrically connected with the input end of the power amplifier, the isolator is used for carrying out output matching on the filtered initial transmitting radio-frequency signal and outputting the matched initial transmitting radio-frequency signal,
the power amplifier is used for outputting the transmission radio frequency signal after power amplification according to the matched initial transmission radio frequency signal.
4. The system of claim 2, wherein the antenna module comprises at least one adjusting unit, and the adjusting unit is configured to adjust a telescopic length of the antenna in the antenna module according to the control signal, so that the antenna is matched to the target transmission efficiency when transmitting the signal.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the receiving means comprises a first receiver configured to receive the first received RF signal and output a processed first received RF signal, a second receiver configured to receive the second received RF signal and output a processed second received RF signal,
the first receiver comprises a first receiving antenna, the second receiver comprises a second receiving antenna, the first receiving antenna and the second receiving antenna are orthogonal polarization antennas, and the first receiver and the second receiver have the same phase-frequency response and amplitude-frequency response.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the first receiver and the second receiver each further comprise:
the input end of the first amplifier is electrically connected with the receiving antenna and is used for carrying out first-stage amplification on the received radio-frequency signal and outputting the received radio-frequency signal after the first-stage amplification;
a first band-pass filter, the input end of which is electrically connected to the output end of the first amplifier, for performing a first band-pass filtering on the received radio-frequency signal amplified by the first stage and outputting the received radio-frequency signal subjected to the first band-pass filtering,
the input end of the second amplifier is electrically connected with the output end of the first band-pass filter and is used for carrying out second-stage amplification on the received radio-frequency signals after band-pass filtering and outputting the received radio-frequency signals after the second-stage amplification;
the input end of the second band-pass filter is electrically connected with the output end of the second amplifier and is used for carrying out second-time band-pass filtering on the received radio-frequency signal amplified by the second stage to obtain the received radio-frequency signal subjected to the second-time band-pass filtering;
and the input end of the third amplifier is electrically connected with the output end of the second band-pass filter and is used for carrying out third-stage amplification on the received radio-frequency signal subjected to the second-stage band-pass filtering and outputting the received radio-frequency signal subjected to the third-stage amplification, namely the processed radio-frequency received signal.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein the signal processing apparatus comprises a first signal processing unit, a second signal processing unit, wherein,
a first input end and a second input end of the first signal processing unit are electrically connected to output ends of the first receiver and the second receiver, respectively, and are used for receiving a processed first radio frequency receiving signal output by the first receiver and a processed second radio frequency receiving signal output by the second receiver, respectively, and the first signal processing unit is used for: performing analog-to-digital conversion on the processed first radio frequency receiving signal and the processed second radio frequency receiving signal to obtain a first digital signal corresponding to the processed first radio frequency receiving signal and a second digital signal corresponding to the processed second radio frequency receiving signal,
the input end of the second signal processing unit is electrically connected to the output end of the first signal processing unit, and is configured to:
obtaining the first rotation direction signal according to the first digital signal, and obtaining the second rotation direction signal according to the second digital signal;
determining a target phase relationship according to the first rotation direction signal and the second rotation direction signal;
and determining the change information of the ionized layer according to the target phase relation.
8. The system of claim 1 or 7, wherein the determining a target phase relationship from the first and second rotation signals comprises:
generating an intermediate signal, wherein the frequency of the intermediate signal is the same as the frequency of the first and second transmit radio frequency signals;
multiplying the intermediate signal by the first rotation direction signal and the second rotation direction signal respectively to obtain a first multiplication signal and a second multiplication signal;
and low-pass filtering the first multiplication signal and the second multiplication signal, and obtaining the target phase relation according to the filtered first multiplication signal and the filtered second multiplication signal.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the generating an intermediate signal comprises:
and generating the intermediate signal according to the frequencies of the first transmitting radio frequency signal and the second transmitting radio frequency signal by utilizing a digital voltage-controlled oscillator.
10. The system of claim 1,
the space vehicle platform comprises a satellite and a spacecraft,
the change information of the ionized layer comprises plasma frequency change and electron density.
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