CN113358943B - Oil flow electrification measuring device and full-section charge measuring method - Google Patents
Oil flow electrification measuring device and full-section charge measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113358943B CN113358943B CN202110479936.7A CN202110479936A CN113358943B CN 113358943 B CN113358943 B CN 113358943B CN 202110479936 A CN202110479936 A CN 202110479936A CN 113358943 B CN113358943 B CN 113358943B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention relates to an oil flow electrification measuring device and a full-section charge measuring method, wherein the oil flow electrification measuring device comprises an oil pipe with a circular cross section and an oil flow electrification measuring electrometer on the oil pipe; the oil flow electrification on the oil pipe is measured by an electrometer which is characterized in that: an annular groove is formed on the inner side wall of the oil pipe, an annular electrode is placed in the annular groove, the annular electrode and the oil pipe are concentric and coaxial, and meanwhile, a spherical electrode capable of moving up and down along the diameter direction of the oil pipe is arranged in the oil pipe; the method for measuring the full-section charge by applying the device comprises the following steps: injecting oil into the oil pipe and making the oil circularly flow, wherein the oil liquid generates charge due to relative flow friction, so that the spherical electrode moves from the inner wall of the oil pipe to the central shaft of the oil pipe along the diameter direction; the spherical electrode monitors the charge quantity of any position above and below the radius of the inner section of the oil pipe; and the ring electrode monitors the amount of induced charge on the tube wall. The invention can skillfully realize the charge measurement of the whole section of the oil flow electrification in the pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil flow electrification measurement, relates to an oil flow electrification measurement device and a full-section charge measurement method, and particularly relates to a device for directly measuring the charge of flowing oil in a pipeline and a full-section charge measurement method.
Background
The oil flow electrification is mainly due to the charge separation phenomenon generated by liquid flowing through the surface of a solid material, when the insulating lubricant is in contact with the wall surface of the pipe, due to the adsorption action of active molecules (positive ions and negative ions) in the lubricant and the wall surface of the pipe, when the lubricant flows, the charges at a liquid-solid interface are separated, so that the movement processes of charge migration, accumulation, disappearance and the like are caused, and finally, the balance is achieved, and the oil flow electrification is formed. The electrification amount of the oil flow in the pipeline is easy to obtain, but the current density distribution is often unclear.
Therefore, the invention designs a set of test device for measuring the current distribution in the pipeline during laminar flow and turbulent flow, supposing that the lubricant in the pipeline flows in a symmetrical distribution, the oil flow electrification has a static property, and the current value of each point can be obtained through the measuring point of the change of the pipeline section, so that the current distribution of the pipeline section, including the charge quantity of the pipeline wall, can be obtained. And determining the charge density distribution of the lubricant body of the pipeline according to the radial distribution characteristics of the flow velocity.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an oil flow electrification measuring device and a full-section charge measuring method; the technical problems solved by the invention are as follows: the utility model provides a design an electrified measuring device of oil stream, it is electrified to measure only can measure the oil stream in the certain distance apart from the pipe wall to present pipeline oil stream electrification, and when oil flowed in the pipeline actually, because relative motion, the electrified condition of fluid and the charge distribution on the pipe wall of each position point of the inside pipeline cross-section that contacts with the pipe wall need learn, consequently designs an ingenious structure and realizes intraductal and the electrified full section charge measurement of pipe wall oil stream.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
an oil flow electrification measuring device comprises an oil pipe with a circular cross section and an oil flow electrification measuring electrometer on the oil pipe;
the oil flow electrification on the oil pipe is measured by an electrometer which is characterized in that: an annular groove is formed in the inner side wall of the oil pipe, an annular electrode is placed in the annular groove and is concentric and coaxial with the oil pipe, and meanwhile, a spherical electrode capable of moving up and down along the diameter direction of the oil pipe is arranged in the oil pipe. Therefore, the charge distribution of any position above and below the radius of the inner section of the pipeline can be measured, the charge distribution condition on the pipe wall can be monitored, and the oil flow electrification of the pipeline can be monitored in all directions.
As a preferred technical scheme:
according to the oil flow electrification measuring device, the spherical electrode is positioned on one side of the plane of the annular electrode and is arranged on the oil pipe at the same time, and a certain transverse distance is reserved between the annular electrode and the spherical electrode, so that the purpose of preventing the annular electrode and the spherical electrode from generating mutual electromagnetic induction in the measuring process to cause measurement data disorder is achieved. The spherical electrode and the annular electrode are in a complementary relation, namely the spherical electrode can only measure the oil charge in the oil pipe, the annular electrode can only measure the charge on the wall of the oil pipe, and the spherical electrode and the annular electrode can both measure the charge position which can not be measured by the other part, so that the complementary relation exists and the charge data of all the positions of the oil pipe are measured.
According to the oil flow electrification measuring device, the annular electrode is arranged in the annular groove and then the annular groove is sealed by the insulating sleeve (the phenomenon that the electric leakage of the pipe wall influences the measured data is avoided); and the annular electrode is connected with one end of the lead II.
In the above oil flow electrification measuring apparatus, the ball electrode which is provided in the oil pipe and can move up and down along the diameter direction of the oil pipe means that: the side wall of an oil pipe is provided with a hole, a sealing ring with a circular hole reserved in the middle is placed in the hole and fixedly installed on the surface of the oil pipe, a copper tube of a straight pipe structure with the outer diameter of 2mm is placed in the circular hole, the copper tube is driven by a driving mechanism and can move up and down, the tail end of the copper tube is provided with a spherical electrode, and the spherical electrode is connected with one end of a lead I; and a protective cover is assembled on the sealing ring to compress the sealing ring. The sealing ring is for preventing that fluid from revealing, and the safety cover is the upper and lower rectilinear motion in order to guarantee wire I and spherical electrode under servo motor's effect, prevents the upper and lower rectilinear motion of its trajectory deviation anticipatory setting, strengthens preventing for the sealing ring simultaneously and drops.
The copper tube not only can be used as a source electrode stabilizer (preventing the electrode from being subjected to larger bending moment when the flow velocity of the pipeline is large), but also has the effect of shielding and interfering the measurement signal.
According to the oil flow electrification measuring device, the driving mechanism comprises the servo motor which is connected with the copper pipe through the aluminum alloy pipe. The servo motor can be used for step measurement and continuous measurement, and accurate positioning of the spherical electrode is completed.
According to the oil flow electrification measuring device, the lead I is a lead wrapped by PTFE (the lead is a steel annealing wire with the diameter of 600 micrometers, and the thickness of the PTFE wrap is 75 micrometers), and meanwhile, the wire and cable are wrapped by PTFE, because the material has excellent electrical insulation, chemical stability and special properties of temperature resistance and wide frequency range, the oil flow electrification measuring device can be reasonably and effectively applied to the oil flow electrification monitoring condition.
According to the oil flow electrification measuring device, the spherical electrode is the gold-plated spherical probe with the diameter of 2mm, compared with the existing electrode probe structure, the oil flow electrification measuring device is ingenious and simple in design, and meanwhile oil flow electrification signals can be collected more easily.
According to the oil flow electrification measuring device, the other ends of the lead I and the lead II are connected to the signal conditioning circuit board, the signal conditioning circuit board converts and amplifies signals and then inputs the signals into the externally connected signal acquisition card, and the signal acquisition card is connected with a computer (used for storing and displaying electric signals in real time).
An oil flow electrification measuring apparatus as described above, further comprising a scale for measuring the position of the ball electrode with a resolution of the order of micrometers; the scale is connected with the aluminum alloy pipe. When the aluminum alloy tube drives the spherical electrode to move, the position data of the spherical electrode is monitored in real time by the scale; when the spherical electrode moves to a specified measuring position through the position data assistance of the scale, the spherical electrode starts to collect oil liquid charge quantity data and finally transmits the data to a computer through a lead I, so that the purpose of measuring oil flow electrification at any position above and below the radius of the inner section of the oil pipe is achieved.
The oil flow electrification measuring device further comprises a sliding guide rail fixedly connected with the aluminum alloy pipe and used for stabilizing the aluminum alloy pipe and the movement of the connecting structure of the aluminum alloy pipe.
The oil flow electrification measuring device further comprises an oil tank communicated with the oil pipe, a filter I and a filter II for filtering oil impurities in the oil pipe, a flow pump for adjusting the oil flow in the oil pipe, an oil pressure meter for measuring the oil pressure in the oil pipe, an adjustable throttle valve for controlling the oil flow in the oil pipe and a flowmeter for testing the oil flow in the oil pipe.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the full-section charge by applying the oil flow electrification measuring device, which is characterized in that oil is injected into the oil pipe and flows circularly, and the oil generates charge due to relative flow friction at the moment, so that the spherical electrode moves from the inner wall of the oil pipe to the central axis of the oil pipe along the diameter direction; the spherical electrode is used for monitoring the charge quantity of any position of the upper radius and the lower radius of the inner section of the oil pipe; and the ring electrode monitors the amount of induced charge on the tube wall.
As a preferred technical scheme:
in the method, the servo motor used in the oil flow electrification measuring electrometer can control the position of the ball electrode by inching, or can control the position of the ball electrode continuously, i.e. the movement of the ball electrode is inching or continuous movement.
Advantageous effects
(1) According to the oil flow live measurement device, the servo motor is adopted, the servo motor drives the aluminum alloy tube connected with the spherical electrode and the scale to complete inching operation of the probe, and continuous stepless operation is also realized, so that the probe is accurately positioned in oil;
(2) Compared with an original measuring electrode (only internal charge of the oil can be measured), the oil flow electrification measuring device provided by the invention is provided with a simple and ingenious structure, the copper tube adopts a straight tube form, the tail end of the copper tube is provided with the spherical electrode, the copper tube with the spherical electrode can reach any position above and below the inner radius of the pipeline, and the internal charge measurement of flowing oil can be simultaneously completed;
(3) According to the oil flow electrification measuring device, the PTFE is used for wrapping the lead and the copper tube is used for being nested outside, so that the oil flow electrification measuring device can be used as a source electrode stabilizer (under the action of bending force on an electrode under the condition of large flow); another function is to mask the measurement signal; meanwhile, the structure is provided with a measuring electrode to complete the positioning of the measuring electrode;
(4) According to the method for measuring the charge of the full section, the annular electrode with the same diameter as the pipe wall is fixedly arranged on the pipe wall and is wrapped by the insulating sleeve, so that the charge distribution on the pipe wall can be monitored in real time, and the problem that the charge distribution on the pipe wall cannot be monitored by a spherical electrode is solved. The oil flow electrification measuring device collects charge data through the spherical electrode and the annular electrode, converts the charge data into voltage signals through the signal conditioning module, transmits the voltage signals to the computer, converts the voltage signals into charge density through a signal processing method, and finally obtains charge distribution of each position point of the whole section of the pipeline.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an oil flow electrification measuring apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an oil flow electrification measuring electrometer in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the ball electrode and ring electrode of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the position relationship of the ring electrode and the oil pipe of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the driving mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the ring electrode test of the present invention 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the ring electrode test of the present invention 2;
the device comprises a fuel tank I, a filter I, a flow pump 3, an oil pressure gauge 4, an adjustable throttle valve 5, an oil flow electrification measuring electrometer 6, a flow meter 7, a filter II, an oil pipe 9, a scale 10, a servo motor 11, a signal conditioning circuit board 12, a collecting card 13, a computer 14, a pipe wall 15, a sealing ring 17, a protective cover 16, a copper red pipe 18, a lead I19, a lead II 20, an insulating sleeve 21, an annular electrode 22, a spherical electrode 23, an aluminum alloy pipe 24 and a sliding guide rail 25.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
An oil flow electrification measuring device, as shown in fig. 1-5, comprises an oil pipe 9 with a circular cross section, an oil tank I1 communicated with both ends of the oil pipe 9, a filter I2 for filtering oil impurities in the oil pipe 9, a flow pump 3 for adjusting oil flow in the oil pipe 9, an oil pressure gauge 4 for measuring oil pressure in the oil pipe 9, an adjustable throttle valve 5 for controlling oil flow in the oil pipe 9, an oil flow electrification measuring electrometer 6, a flowmeter 7 for testing oil flow in the oil pipe 9, a filter II 8 for filtering oil impurities in the oil pipe 9, a scale 10 and a sliding guide 25, wherein the resolution for measuring the position of a spherical electrode 23 reaches micron level,
The oil flow electrification measuring electrometer 6 on the oil pipe 9 means: an annular groove is formed on the inner side pipe wall 15 of the oil pipe 9, an annular electrode 22 is placed in the annular groove, the annular electrode 22 and the oil pipe 9 are concentric and coaxial, meanwhile, a hole is formed in the side wall of the oil pipe 9, a sealing ring 16 with a circular hole reserved in the middle is placed in the hole and fixedly mounted on the surface of the oil pipe, a copper tube 18 with a straight pipe structure and an outer diameter of 2mm is placed in the circular hole, the copper tube 18 is driven by a driving mechanism and can move up and down, a spherical electrode 23 is mounted at the tail end of the copper tube 18, the spherical electrode 23 is a gold-plated spherical probe with the diameter of 2mm, and the spherical electrode 23 is connected with one end of a lead I19 (the lead is a steel annealing wire with the diameter of 600 mu m and the thickness of the PTFE package is 75 mu m) wrapped by PTFE; a protective cover 17 is assembled on the sealing ring 16 to press the sealing ring 16 tightly; the annular electrode 22 is arranged in the annular groove and then the annular groove is sealed by the insulating sleeve 21 (the tube wall 15 is prevented from being leaked to influence the measured data); and the annular electrode 22 is connected with one end of the lead II 20;
the spherical electrode 23 is positioned at one side of the annular electrode 22 and is simultaneously arranged on the oil pipe 9, and a certain transverse distance (the distance between the central axis of the spherical electrode and the central axis of the annular electrode is 15-20 mm) is reserved between the annular electrode 22 and the spherical electrode 23;
the driving mechanism comprises a servo motor 11 connected with the red copper tube 18 through an aluminum alloy tube 24; the servo motor 11 can perform stepping measurement and continuous measurement to complete accurate positioning of the spherical electrode; the scale 10 is connected with an aluminum alloy tube 24; the sliding guide rail 25 is fixedly connected with the aluminum alloy pipe 24 and is used for stabilizing the aluminum alloy pipe 24 and the movement of a connecting structure of the aluminum alloy pipe 24;
the other ends of the lead I19 and the lead II 20 are both connected with a signal conditioning circuit board 12, the signal conditioning circuit board 12 converts and amplifies signals and then inputs the signals into an external signal acquisition card 13, and the signal acquisition card 13 is connected with a computer 14;
the method for measuring the charge of the full section by adopting the oil flow electrification measuring device comprises the following specific processes:
injecting oil into an oil tank I1, opening a flow pump 3, enabling oil to circularly flow in an oil pipe 9, controlling the measured flow, flow speed and oil pressure through an adjustable throttle valve 5, an oil pressure gauge 4 and a flowmeter 7, so that the oil circulates in the oil pipe 9, generating charge due to flow friction at the moment, opening a servo motor 11 of an oil flow electrification measurement electrometer 6, driving a copper tube 18 to move up and down through an aluminum alloy tube 24 by the servo motor 11, driving a spherical electrode 23 to move up and down from the inner wall of the oil pipe 9 to the central axis of the oil pipe 9 along the diameter direction by a lead I19 wrapped by PTFE in the copper tube 18, and completing the positioning of the position of the spherical electrode 23 by a scale 10; the movement of the spherical electrode 23 is inching or continuous movement; the spherical electrode 23 reaches any position above and below the inner radius of the pipeline to detect the charge amount of oil in the pipeline, the annular electrode 22 can monitor the induced charge amount on the pipe wall 15, charge signals collected by the spherical electrode 23 and the annular electrode 22 are collected by the collection card 13 through the signal conditioning circuit board 12, and finally the charge signals are displayed on the computer 14 in real time to complete online measurement.
The method for monitoring the charge amount of the upper and lower arbitrary positions of the radius of the internal section of the oil pipe 9 by the spherical electrode 23 comprises the following steps: the oil flow in the pipe is approximately turbulent and the charge density is considered uniform. Because the pipeline internal diameter is far less than pipeline length, consequently can be approximate to the electrified cylinder of infinite length with fluid in the pipeline, and the charge density of establishing fluid is the rho, then the electric potential of arbitrary radius on the inside cross section of oil pipe 9 about satisfies:
in the formula: r is o Is the pipe radius; r is a measuring point circle of the spherical electrodeThe distance of the center from the axis of the pipe; epsilon is dielectric constant of oil, and epsilon = epsilon o ε r In which epsilon o Is the vacuum dielectric constant of the oil,. Epsilon r The relative dielectric constant of the oil liquid; rho is the charge density of different point positions above and below any radius on the cross section in the pipe. Order to
Then V r = ρ β; from potential V at each point on the cross-section of the tube r And ρ has the following relationship:
then through Q s The equation of = S ρ calculates the amount of charge inductively measured above and below any radius of the spherical electrode 23. Wherein, S is the effective sensing area of the spherical electrode 23;
the method for the ring electrode 22 to monitor the amount of induced charge on the pipe wall 15 is as follows: the electrostatic field distribution formed on the ring electrode 22 is considered as a free electrostatic field in an infinite space, and the mathematical model of the ring electrostatic sensor and the OXY plane (the cross section of the oil pipe at the axial line position in the ring electrode is the OXY plane, and the center of the cross section is the point O) are shown in fig. 6 and 7: assuming that the coordinates of the position P of the charged metal abrasive particles are (x, 0, z), the coordinates of the point M are (x, 0, H/2), H is the width of the ring electrode, the points G, N and M are coplanar in the coordinate system xyz, the projections of the points M and N on the plane XOY are M ', N', | MN | = | M 'N' |, respectively, according to the gaussian theorem and the coulomb law, the induced charge generated by the interaction between the oil flow and the tube wall 15 is obtained, and the formula of the calculation and analysis by the ring electrostatic sensor is:
in the formula: neglecting the size of the charged abrasive grains, Q a The induced charge quantity generated on the annular electrode for the charged abrasive particles; r is the inner diameter of the annular electrode; q is the induced charge on the ring electrode at PAn amount; x is an X coordinate value of the position of the charged abrasive particles; the angle phi is an included angle between ON 'and OM'; and Z is a Z coordinate value of the position of the charged abrasive particles.
Claims (8)
1. An oil flow electrification measuring device is characterized in that: comprises an oil pipe (9) with a circular cross section and an oil flow electrification measurement electrometer (6) on the oil pipe (9); the oil flow electrification measurement electrometer on the oil pipe (9) is as follows: an annular groove is formed on the inner side wall (15) of the oil pipe (9), an annular electrode (22) is placed in the annular groove, the annular electrode (22) and the oil pipe (9) are concentric and coaxial, and meanwhile, a spherical electrode (23) capable of moving up and down along the diameter direction of the oil pipe (9) is arranged in the oil pipe (9); the spherical electrode (23) is connected with one end of a lead I (19), the annular electrode (22) is connected with one end of a lead II (20), the other ends of the lead I (19) and the lead II (20) are connected with a signal conditioning circuit board (12), the signal conditioning circuit board (12) converts and amplifies signals and then inputs the signals into an external signal acquisition card (13), and the signal acquisition card (13) is connected with a computer (14); the spherical electrode (23) is positioned on one side of the annular electrode (22), and a certain transverse distance is reserved between the annular electrode (22) and the spherical electrode (23) to prevent the annular electrode and the spherical electrode from generating mutual electromagnetic induction phenomenon in the measurement process to cause measurement data disorder.
2. An oil flow electrification measuring device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the annular groove is sealed with an insulating sleeve (21) after the annular electrode (22) is disposed in the annular groove.
3. The oil flow electrification measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the spherical electrode (23) provided in the oil pipe (9) so as to be movable up and down in a diameter direction of the oil pipe (9) means: a hole is arranged on the side wall of the oil pipe (9), a sealing ring (16) with a circular hole reserved in the middle is placed in the hole and fixedly mounted on the surface of the oil pipe, a red copper pipe (18) with a straight pipe structure is placed in the circular hole, the red copper pipe (18) is driven by a driving mechanism and can move up and down, and a spherical electrode (23) is mounted at the tail end of the red copper pipe (18); a protective cover (17) is assembled on the sealing ring (16) to press the sealing ring (16).
4. The oil flow electrification measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the driving mechanism includes a servo motor (11) connected to the copper tube through an aluminum alloy tube (24); the lead I (19) connected with the spherical electrode (23) is a PTFE-coated lead, and the motion form of the lead is inching or continuous movement.
5. The oil flow electrification measuring device according to claim 4, further comprising a scale (10) for measuring the position of the ball electrode (23) with a resolution of the order of micrometers; the scale (10) is connected with an aluminum alloy tube (24).
6. The oil flow electrification measuring device according to claim 4, further comprising a sliding guide (25) fixedly connected with the aluminum alloy tube (24) for stabilizing the movement of the aluminum alloy tube (24) and the structure connected thereto.
7. The live oil flow measuring device according to claim 1, further comprising an oil tank (1) communicating with the oil pipe (9), a filter i (2) and a filter II (8) for filtering oil impurities in the oil pipe (9), a flow pump (3) for adjusting the oil flow in the oil pipe (9), an oil pressure gauge (4) for measuring the oil pressure in the oil pipe (9), an adjustable throttle valve (5) for controlling the oil flow in the oil pipe (9), and a flow meter (7) for testing the oil flow in the oil pipe (9).
8. The method for measuring the charge of the whole section by using the oil flow electrification measuring device as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: injecting oil into the oil pipe (9) and making the oil circularly flow, wherein the oil liquid generates charge due to relative flow friction at the moment, so that the spherical electrode (23) moves from the inner wall of the oil pipe (9) to the central shaft of the oil pipe (9) along the diameter direction; the spherical electrode (23) monitors the charge quantity of the upper and lower arbitrary positions of the radius of the internal section of the oil pipe (9); and a ring electrode (22) monitors the amount of induced charge on the wall.
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