CN113358693B - Method for testing beta transition temperature of titanium alloy - Google Patents
Method for testing beta transition temperature of titanium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN113358693B CN113358693B CN202110611662.2A CN202110611662A CN113358693B CN 113358693 B CN113358693 B CN 113358693B CN 202110611662 A CN202110611662 A CN 202110611662A CN 113358693 B CN113358693 B CN 113358693B
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001040 Beta-titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000205 computational method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/02—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering
- G01N25/12—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering of critical point; of other phase change
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing beta transition temperature of a titanium alloy, which comprises the following steps: 1. heating and preserving heat of the titanium alloy sample by adopting pulse current, and then quenching treatment by adopting high-pressure water spray cooling; 2. changing the target temperature, repeating the heating, heat preserving and quenching processes, sampling for metallographic testing, and determining the approximate range of beta transition temperature; 3. changing the target temperature again, repeating the heating, heat preserving and quenching processes, and sampling for metallographic testing; 4. selecting the average value of the alpha phase disappearance temperature T1 and the alpha phase observable adjacent test point temperature T2 as the beta transition temperature T of the titanium alloy β . The invention adopts pulse current to rapidly heat, reduces temperature drop, combines high-pressure water spray cooling quenching, improves cooling rate, effectively controls quenching structure, determines the approximate range of beta transition temperature first, then obtains the beta transition temperature of the titanium alloy, improves the accuracy of testing the beta transition temperature of the titanium alloy, and eliminates superposition errors of equipment factors and human factors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy analysis and detection, and particularly relates to a method for testing beta transition temperature of a titanium alloy.
Background
The beta transition temperature of the titanium alloy is critical to the hot working and heat treatment of the titanium alloy, and is an important basis for formulating the working process and selecting the deformation parameters. Current methods for testing the beta transus temperature of titanium alloys include metallographic methods (GB/T23605-2020, HB 6623.2-1992), differential thermal analysis methods (HB 6623.1-1992), thermal expansion methods, electrical resistance methods, high temperature X-ray methods and computational methods.
The above method has the following problems: 1) The calculation method is to calculate according to the material components by using an empirical formula, errors of component test and errors of the empirical formula cannot be eliminated, and a result obtained by the calculation method can only be used as a reference and cannot be directly applied to industrial production; 2) The differential thermal analysis method, the thermal expansion method, the high-temperature X-ray method and the resistance method are all tested in the heating process of the material, and the phase change time of the titanium alloy is gradually increased along with the increase of the content of alloy elements. Therefore, the four methods can only measure the real-time phase transformation process of the titanium alloy, the lowest temperature for completely transforming the material into a beta-phase structure can not be obtained, and the obtained data value is always higher. Therefore, most of the methods are not adopted by industrial production, and only differential thermal analysis method forms industry standard HB 6623.1-1992. The HB 6623.1-1992 standard also clearly shows that the method can obtain more accurate values for titanium alloys with low alloy element content (industrial pure titanium, alpha-type titanium alloys); for titanium alloys with a large content of alloy elements (two-phase titanium alloy and beta titanium alloy), the standard proves that the judgment difficulty is large; 3) The metallographic method is characterized in that a sample is kept at a fixed temperature point for about 35 minutes, then water is rapidly cooled, and a phase change point is determined through tissue observation, so that the metallographic method is completely not influenced by the length of a phase change process, can reflect the lowest temperature of all materials converted into a beta-phase tissue, and is the most accurate and reliable method.
However, in practice we have found that although metallographic testing of the beta transus temperature of titanium alloys has a corresponding standard (GB/T23605-2020), the maximum error in the values given by the different detection mechanisms of the same sample exceeds 20 ℃, which has a very large impact on the formulation of the process in industrial production. The analysis reasons mainly include the following points:
1) Differences in heat treatment equipment
Both box and tube furnaces can be used as heat treatment furnaces, as specified by the GB/T23605-2020 standard. However, the temperature drop is large when the box-type furnace is opened, and the high-temperature hot gas can delay the quenching speed of operators; after the plugs are removed from the tube furnace, the temperature drop is relatively small, the sample can be quickly hooked into the water barrel by using the hooks, and the quenching delay time is short. Although the standard specifies that the quench is completed within 3 seconds, the quench time has a very large impact on the beta transus temperature test.
2) Sample heat treatment mode
According to the GB/T23605-2020 standard, a maximum of 5 samples per heat treatment is allowed for efficiency. The samples are often subjected to binding treatment, and the cooling speed of the materials is reduced during quenching, so that the experimental results are influenced.
3) Thermal treatment temperature interval
According to GB/T23605-2020, the heat treatment temperatures are spaced apart by 5 ℃. The observer judges within the range of 5 ℃ according to own experience, and human errors are increased.
In summary, the accuracy of experimental data is affected by experimental equipment, a sample heat treatment mode and a heat treatment temperature interval, and experimental errors are amplified due to superposition of equipment factors and human factors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for testing the beta transition temperature of a titanium alloy aiming at the defects of the prior art. The method adopts pulse current to rapidly heat, reduces temperature drop, combines quenching by adopting high-pressure water spray cooling, greatly improves cooling rate, effectively controls quenching structure, then adopts a method of gradually changing target temperature, firstly determines the approximate range of beta transition temperature, then obtains titanium alloy beta transition temperature, greatly improves the accuracy of titanium alloy beta transition temperature test, and eliminates superposition errors of equipment factors and human factors such as heat treatment equipment, modes, temperature intervals and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for testing the beta transus temperature of a titanium alloy, comprising the steps of:
welding a thermocouple at the center of a plate-shaped sample or a rod-shaped sample of the titanium alloy, heating and preserving heat by adopting pulse current, and quenching by adopting high-pressure water spray cooling;
step two, changing the target temperature, reselecting a plate-shaped sample or a rod-shaped sample of the titanium alloy, repeating the heating and heat preservation process and the quenching treatment process in the step one, sampling the center part of the plate-shaped sample or the rod-shaped sample of the titanium alloy after quenching, and carrying out metallographic testing to determine the approximate range of the beta transition temperature;
step three, changing the target temperature again according to the approximate range of the beta transition temperature determined in the step two, reselecting a plate-shaped sample or a rod-shaped sample of the titanium alloy, repeating the heating and heat preservation process and the quenching treatment process in the step one, and then sampling the center part of the plate-shaped sample or the rod-shaped sample of the titanium alloy after quenching for metallographic testing;
step four, according to the result of metallographic testing in the step three, selecting the temperature T1 at which the alpha phase disappears and the temperature T2 at which the adjacent test point of the alpha phase can be observed as the phase change point judgment temperature, and taking the average value of the T1 and the T2 as the beta transition temperature T of the titanium alloy β 。
The invention adopts pulse current to heat, and generates an electric field for promoting phase transition in a plate-shaped sample or a rod-shaped sample of the titanium alloy, so that the phase transition process of the titanium alloy is completed rapidly in a short time, usually within 3min, the testing process is shortened, the temperature drop is reduced, the quenching is carried out by adopting high-pressure water spray cooling, the cooling rate is greatly improved, the actual quenching time is shortened, the quenching structure is effectively controlled, the accuracy of beta transition temperature test is improved, then the method of gradually changing the target temperature is adopted, the approximate range of the beta transition temperature is firstly determined, then the beta transition temperature of the titanium alloy is obtained, the accuracy of the beta transition temperature test of the titanium alloy is greatly improved, and the superposition errors of equipment factors and human factors such as heat treatment equipment, modes, temperature intervals and the like are eliminated.
The method for testing the beta transition temperature of the titanium alloy is characterized in that the specific heating and heat preservation process in the first step is as follows: heating to the target temperature by adopting a heating rate of 5 ℃/s to 20 ℃/s to be 10 ℃ away from the target temperature, heating to the target temperature by adopting a heating rate of 1 ℃/s, and preserving heat for 20s to 60s; and the heating and heat preservation are finished, high-pressure water spray cooling is immediately carried out, the water pressure of the high-pressure water spray cooling is 10 psi-50 psi, and the time is 1 s-3 s. According to the invention, by controlling the heating rates at different stages in the heating and heat preserving process, the heating efficiency is ensured, the accuracy of the heating temperature is improved, the error between the heating temperature and the target temperature is reduced, and the accuracy of the beta transition temperature test is improved; the invention immediately performs high-pressure water spray cooling when the heating and heat preservation are finished and the pulse current is normally cut off, thereby realizing instant cooling, the cooling rate can reach more than 10000 ℃/s, the actual quenching time of the sample is less than 0.1s, the adverse effect caused by quenching in 3s specified in the prior art is basically eliminated, the accuracy of the metallographic test result of the quenching structure of the sample is improved, and the accuracy of the beta transition temperature test is further improved.
The testing method of the titanium alloy beta transformation temperature is characterized in that the temperature interval adopted for changing the target temperature in the second step is 5 ℃; and in the third step, the temperature interval adopted for changing the target temperature again is 2 ℃. Compared with the method that observers carry out estimation judgment within the range of 5 ℃ according to own experience in the prior art, the method of gradually changing the target temperature by gradually reducing the temperature interval firstly determines the approximate range of the beta transition temperature and then obtains the beta transition temperature of the titanium alloy, and the accuracy of the beta transition temperature test of the titanium alloy is greatly improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts pulse current to rapidly heat, reduces temperature drop, combines quenching by adopting high-pressure water spray cooling, greatly improves cooling rate, effectively controls quenching structure, then adopts a method of gradually changing target temperature, firstly determines the approximate range of beta transition temperature and then obtains titanium alloy beta transition temperature, greatly improves the accuracy of testing the titanium alloy beta transition temperature, and eliminates superposition errors of equipment factors and human factors such as heat treatment equipment, modes, temperature intervals and the like.
2. Compared with the heat preservation time of 35+/-5 min of the heat treatment furnace in the prior art, the heating process can be completed within 3min, so that the test time is greatly shortened, and the energy conservation and the high efficiency are realized.
3. Compared with the indirect temperature measurement mode of controlling the ambient temperature by using a heat treatment furnace in the prior art, the invention directly welds the thermocouple at the center of the plate-shaped sample or the rod-shaped sample of the titanium alloy, directly and accurately obtains temperature data through the direct heat transfer between the thermocouple and the sample, and the temperature data is more accurate and reliable.
4. The invention realizes instantaneous cooling by controlling the time and parameters of high-pressure water spray cooling, shortens the actual quenching time of the sample, basically eliminates the adverse effect caused by quenching completed within 3s specified in the prior art, improves the accuracy of metallographic test results of a sample quenching structure, and further improves the accuracy of beta transition temperature test.
5. Compared with the process of simultaneous heat treatment of multiple sample binding in the prior art, the invention adopts a single sample for testing, eliminates the adverse effect of reducing the cooling speed of the multiple sample binding, and further improves the accuracy of beta transition temperature testing.
6. Compared with the method for estimating and judging in the range of 5 ℃ in the prior art, the method for gradually changing the target temperature by gradually reducing the temperature interval firstly determines the approximate range of the beta transition temperature and then obtains the beta transition temperature of the titanium alloy, thereby greatly improving the accuracy of the beta transition temperature test of the titanium alloy.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the test of the mounting of a high oxygen TC4 titanium alloy plate in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2a is a heating and heat insulating diagram of a high oxygen TC4 titanium alloy plate in step one of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2b is a high pressure water spray cooling chart of the high oxygen TC4 titanium alloy plate in step one of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2c is a drawing of a high oxygen TC4 titanium alloy plate after high pressure water spray cooling in step one of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3a is a graph showing the high pressure water spray cooling of a high oxygen TC4 titanium alloy plate in step one of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3b is an enlarged view of the cooling section of the curve in FIG. 3 a.
FIG. 4a is a diagram showing the structure of a high oxygen TC4 titanium alloy plate in example 1 of the present invention at a temperature T1 at which the alpha phase disappears.
FIG. 4b is a chart showing the structure of the high oxygen TC4 titanium alloy plate of example 1 at a near-test point temperature T2 at which alpha phase is observed.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
welding an R-type thermocouple at the central position of a high-oxygen TC4 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm, using a stainless steel fixture to be installed between electrified copper plates, as shown in figure 1, heating and preserving heat by adopting pulse current, heating to 1000 ℃ by adopting a heating rate of 20 ℃/s, heating to 1010 ℃ by adopting a heating rate of 1 ℃/s, preserving heat for 50s, immediately performing high-pressure water spray cooling to quench when the heating and preserving heat are finished and the pulse current is powered off, wherein the water pressure of the high-pressure water spray cooling is 50psi, and the time is 3s, as shown in figures 2 a-2 c;
changing the target temperature to 1005 ℃, reselecting a high-oxygen TC4 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm, welding a thermocouple for installation, heating and preserving heat by adopting pulse current, heating to 995 ℃ by adopting the heating rate of 20 ℃/s, heating to 1005 ℃ by adopting the heating rate of 1 ℃/s, preserving heat for 50s, immediately performing high-pressure water spray cooling for quenching treatment when the heating and preserving heat are finished and the pulse current is powered off, and sampling the central part of the high-oxygen TC4 titanium alloy plate for metallographic testing after quenching for 3s, wherein the approximate range of beta transition temperature is determined to be 1005-1010 ℃;
changing the target temperature to 1007 ℃ again according to the approximate range of the beta transformation temperature determined in the step two, reselecting a high-oxygen TC4 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm, welding a thermocouple for installation, heating and preserving heat by adopting pulse current, heating to 997 ℃ by adopting the heating rate of 20 ℃/s, heating to 1007 ℃ by adopting the heating rate of 1 ℃/s, preserving heat for 50s, immediately performing high-pressure water spray cooling for quenching treatment when the heating and preserving heat are finished and the pulse current is powered off, and taking a sample at the central part of the high-oxygen TC4 titanium alloy plate after quenching for metallographic test, wherein the water pressure of the high-pressure water spray cooling is 50psi for 3s;
step four, according to the result of metallographic testing in step three, selecting a temperature T1=1007 ℃ at which the alpha phase is reduced to 0% (as shown in fig. 4 a) and observingThe adjacent test point temperature T2=1005 ℃ of the alpha phase (shown in fig. 4 b) is taken as the phase transition point judgment temperature, and the average value 1006 ℃ of T1 and T2 is taken as the beta transition temperature T of the high-oxygen TC4 titanium alloy β T, i.e β ＝1006℃。
Fig. 3a is a graph showing the high-pressure water spray cooling of the high-oxygen TC4 titanium alloy sheet material in the first step of this embodiment, fig. 3b is an enlarged view of the curve cooling section in fig. 3a, the straight line in fig. 3b is a linear fitting line of the cooling section, it is understood from fig. 3a and 3b that the cooling rate (i.e., the slope of the linear fitting line) of the high-pressure water spray cooling of the high-oxygen TC4 titanium alloy sheet material exceeds 15000 ℃/s, and the cooling process is completed within 0.1 s.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
welding an R-type thermocouple at the central position of a TB8 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm, using a stainless steel fixture to be installed between electrified copper plates, heating and preserving heat by adopting pulse current, heating to 805 ℃ by adopting a heating rate of 5 ℃/s, heating to 815 ℃ by adopting a heating rate of 1 ℃/s, preserving heat for 60 seconds, immediately performing high-pressure water spray cooling to quench when the heating and preserving heat are finished and the pulse current is powered off, wherein the water pressure of the high-pressure water spray cooling is 10psi, and the time is 1s;
changing the target temperature to 820 ℃, reselecting a TB8 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm, welding a thermocouple for installation, heating and preserving heat by adopting pulse current, heating to 810 ℃ by adopting a heating rate of 5 ℃/s, heating to 820 ℃ by adopting a heating rate of 1 ℃/s, preserving heat for 60s, quenching by immediately performing high-pressure water spray cooling when the heating and preserving heat are finished and the pulse current is powered off, wherein the water pressure of the high-pressure water spray cooling is 10psi, the time is 1s, sampling is performed at the central part of the quenched TB8 titanium alloy plate, and metallographic testing is performed to determine that the approximate range of beta transition temperature is 815-820 ℃;
thirdly, changing the target temperature to 818 ℃ again according to the approximate range of the beta transformation temperature determined in the second step, reselecting a TB8 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm, welding a thermocouple for installation, heating and preserving heat by adopting pulse current, heating to 808 ℃ by adopting a heating rate of 5 ℃/s, heating to 818 ℃ by adopting a heating rate of 1 ℃/s, preserving heat for 60s, immediately performing high-pressure water spray cooling for quenching treatment when the heating and preserving heat are finished and the pulse current is powered off, wherein the water pressure of the high-pressure water spray cooling is 10psi, the time is 1s, and sampling the central part of the quenched TB8 titanium alloy plate for metallographic testing;
step four, according to the result of metallographic testing in the step three, selecting the temperature T1 = 820 ℃ at which the alpha phase is reduced to 0% and the temperature T2 = 818 ℃ of an adjacent test point at which the alpha phase can be observed as the phase change point judgment temperature, and taking the average value 819 ℃ of T1 and T2 as the beta transition temperature T of the TB8 titanium alloy β T, i.e β ＝819℃。
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
welding an R-type thermocouple at the central position of a TA5 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm, using a stainless steel clamp to be installed between copper plates for electrifying, as shown in figure 1, heating and preserving heat by adopting pulse current, heating to 990 ℃ by adopting a heating rate of 10 ℃/s, heating to 1000 ℃ by adopting a heating rate of 1 ℃/s, preserving heat for 30s, immediately performing high-pressure water spray cooling for quenching treatment when the heating and preserving heat are finished and the pulse current is powered off, wherein the water pressure of the high-pressure water spray cooling is 40psi, and the time is 2s, as shown in figures 2 a-2 c;
changing the target temperature to 1005 ℃, reselecting a TA5 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm, welding a thermocouple for installation, heating and preserving heat by adopting pulse current, heating to 995 ℃ by adopting the heating rate of 10 ℃/s, heating to 1005 ℃ by adopting the heating rate of 1 ℃/s, preserving heat for 30s, quenching by immediately performing high-pressure water spray cooling when the heating and preserving heat are finished and the pulse current is powered off, wherein the water pressure of the high-pressure water spray cooling is 40psi, the time is 2s, sampling is performed on the central part of the TA5 titanium alloy plate after quenching, and metallographic testing is performed to determine that the approximate range of beta transition temperature is 1000-1005 ℃;
changing the target temperature to 1003 ℃ again according to the approximate range of the beta transition temperature determined in the step two, reselecting a TA5 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm, welding a thermocouple for installation, heating and preserving heat by adopting pulse current, heating to 993 ℃ by adopting a heating rate of 5 ℃/s, heating to 1003 ℃ by adopting a heating rate of 1 ℃/s, preserving heat for 30s, immediately performing high-pressure water spray cooling for quenching treatment when the heating and preserving heat are finished and the pulse current is powered off, and sampling the central part of the TA5 titanium alloy plate after quenching for metallographic test, wherein the water pressure of the high-pressure water spray cooling is 40psi for 2s;
step four, according to the result of metallographic testing in the step three, selecting a temperature T1 = 1005 ℃ at which the alpha phase is reduced to 0% and a temperature T2 = 1003 ℃ at which an adjacent test point of the alpha phase can be observed as a phase change point judgment temperature, and taking an average value 1004 ℃ of T1 and T2 as a TA5 titanium alloy beta transition temperature T β T, i.e β ＝1004℃。
Example 4
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
welding an R-type thermocouple at the central position of a TA2 titanium alloy bar with the diameter of 6mm, using a stainless steel fixture to be installed between copper plates for electrifying, heating and preserving heat by adopting pulse current, heating to 870 ℃ by adopting a heating rate of 15 ℃/s, heating to 880 ℃ by adopting a heating rate of 1 ℃/s, preserving heat for 20s, immediately performing high-pressure water spray cooling for quenching treatment when the heating and preserving heat are finished and the pulse current is powered off, wherein the water pressure of the high-pressure water spray cooling is 10psi, and the time is 2s;
changing the target temperature to 875 ℃, reselecting a TA2 titanium alloy bar with the diameter of 6mm, welding a thermocouple for installation, heating and preserving heat by adopting pulse current, heating to 865 ℃ by adopting the heating rate of 20 ℃/s, heating to 875 ℃ by adopting the heating rate of 1 ℃/s, preserving heat for 20s, quenching by immediately performing high-pressure water spray cooling when the heating and preserving heat are finished and the pulse current is powered off, wherein the water pressure of the high-pressure water spray cooling is 10psi for 2s, sampling the central part of the TA2 titanium alloy bar after quenching, performing metallographic test, and determining the approximate range of beta transition temperature to 875-880 ℃;
changing the target temperature to 878 ℃ again according to the approximate range 875-880 ℃ of the beta transformation temperature determined in the step two, reselecting a high TA2 titanium alloy bar with the diameter of 6mm, welding a thermocouple for installation, heating and preserving heat by adopting pulse current, heating to 868 ℃ by adopting the heating rate of 5 ℃/s, heating to 878 ℃ by adopting the heating rate of 1 ℃/s, preserving heat for 20s, immediately performing high-pressure water spray cooling for quenching treatment when the heating and preserving heat are finished and the pulse current is powered off, and taking samples at the central part of the TA2 titanium alloy bar after quenching for metallographic test, wherein the water pressure of the high-pressure water spray cooling is 10psi, and the time is 2s;
step four, according to the result of metallographic testing in the step three, selecting the temperature T1 = 880 ℃ at which the alpha phase is reduced to 0% and the temperature T2 = 878 ℃ of the adjacent test point at which the alpha phase can be observed as the phase change point judgment temperature, and taking the average value 879 ℃ of T1 and T2 as the beta transition temperature T of the TA2 titanium alloy β T, i.e β ＝879℃。
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modification, variation and equivalent variation of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for testing the beta transus temperature of a titanium alloy, comprising the steps of:
welding a thermocouple at the center of a plate-shaped sample or a rod-shaped sample of the titanium alloy, heating and preserving heat by adopting pulse current, and quenching by adopting high-pressure water spray cooling; the specific process of heating and heat preservation is as follows: heating to the target temperature by adopting a heating rate of 5 ℃/s to 20 ℃/s to be 10 ℃ away from the target temperature, heating to the target temperature by adopting a heating rate of 1 ℃/s, and preserving heat for 20s to 60s; immediately performing high-pressure water spray cooling when the heating and heat preservation are finished, wherein the water pressure of the high-pressure water spray cooling is 10-50 psi, and the time is 1-3 s;
step two, changing the target temperature, reselecting a plate-shaped sample or a rod-shaped sample of the titanium alloy, repeating the heating and heat preservation process and the quenching treatment process in the step one, sampling the center part of the plate-shaped sample or the rod-shaped sample of the titanium alloy after quenching, and carrying out metallographic testing to determine the approximate range of the beta transition temperature;
step three, changing the target temperature again according to the approximate range of the beta transition temperature determined in the step two, reselecting a plate-shaped sample or a rod-shaped sample of the titanium alloy, repeating the heating and heat preservation process and the quenching treatment process in the step one, and then sampling the center part of the plate-shaped sample or the rod-shaped sample of the titanium alloy after quenching for metallographic testing;
step four, according to the result of metallographic testing in the step three, selecting the temperature T1 at which the alpha phase disappears and the temperature T2 at which the adjacent test point of the alpha phase can be observed as the phase change point judgment temperature, and taking the average value of the T1 and the T2 as the beta transition temperature T of the titanium alloy β 。
2. The method for testing the beta transus temperature of a titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the temperature interval used for changing the target temperature is 5 ℃; and in the third step, the temperature interval adopted for changing the target temperature again is 2 ℃.
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