CN113358680B

CN113358680B - Method for distinguishing and semi-quantitatively analyzing different types of montmorillonite in geological sample and application

Info

Publication number: CN113358680B
Application number: CN202110611181.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡彬; 张春霞; 张晓燕
Original assignee: Institute of Geology and Geophysics of CAS
Current assignee: Institute of Geology and Geophysics of CAS
Priority date: 2021-06-01
Filing date: 2021-06-01
Publication date: 2022-04-22
Anticipated expiration: 2041-06-01
Also published as: CN113358680A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for distinguishing and semi-quantitatively analyzing different types of montmorillonite in geological samples and applicationThe method comprises the following steps: enriching and extracting clay minerals from the sample; preparation of original oriented flakes and Mg before and after HCl dissolution²⁺And a glycol saturated oriented sheet; carrying out XRD test and semi-quantitative analysis before and after HCl dissolution; and solving the relative content of all clay minerals including Na-montmorillonite and Ca-montmorillonite. The invention adopts a hydrochloric acid dissolution method to remove Ca-montmorillonite, realizes the differentiation and quantitative analysis of Na-montmorillonite and Ca-montmorillonite, and provides a new way for the identification and quantitative analysis of different types of montmorillonite.

Description

Method for distinguishing and semi-quantitatively analyzing different types of montmorillonite in geological sample and application

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of clay mineral analysis, and particularly relates to a method for distinguishing and semi-quantitatively analyzing different types of montmorillonite in geological samples and application.

Background

The clay mineral is widely present on the earth surface layer, and is widely applied to various fields such as medicine, chemical engineering, environmental management and the like as a non-metal resource. Meanwhile, in the field of geoscience, clay minerals are important earth surface rock mineral weathering products, and the composition characteristics of the clay minerals can reflect the climate conditions and material sources in the formation period. Thus, the study of clay minerals is an important approach to explore the history and development laws of ancient climate evolution, and also an important method for tracing the source of sediment (Velde, 1995).

The identification and quantitative analysis of different types of clay minerals are the basis of clay application and research in various fields, and the most extensive and effective clay mineral identification method is X-ray diffraction (XRD), and identification and semi-quantitative analysis are carried out through the diffraction peak position combination characteristics and main diffraction peak areas of different clay minerals. However, due to the low temperature cause and the layered characteristics of the clay minerals, different minerals have the same diffraction peak, thereby bringing difficulty to the identification of the clay minerals. For a long time, the predecessors propose various XRD pretreatment methods aiming at different minerals, and realize the identification of clay minerals with coincident diffraction peaks. For example, Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) treatment distinguishes kaolinite from chlorite, ethylene glycol treatment distinguishes swellable minerals from chlorite, and the like (Abdel-Kader et al, 1975; Walker, 1958).

Montmorillonite is one of expansive clay minerals and is widely used as a raw material in the chemical industry such as pharmacy, pollution control, catalysts and the like. The montmorillonite commonly found in nature includes Na-montmorilloniteStone and Ca-montmorillonite, from which the main cation between layers is Na⁺And Ca²⁺And (4) naming. The identification and quantitative analysis of the two types of montmorillonite have important theoretical and economic values in the field of geoscience.

In the general clay mineral identification method, clay enrichment extraction, original oriented sheet preparation and Mg identification are generally followed²⁺Preparing a glycol saturated oriented sheet, XRD testing and analyzing, and simultaneously, Mg²⁺And ethylene glycol saturated oriented flake flaking is an essential step in performing semi-quantitative calculations of clay minerals (Moore and Reynolds, 1997; Zhang et al, 2014). In the original oriented sheet, the 001 diffraction peaks of Na-montmorillonite and Ca-montmorillonite were respectively

And 14

The two smectites can be directly distinguished without other clay minerals. However, other clay minerals, such as chlorite, illite, kaolinite, etc., are often present in natural samples. Since the 001 peak of chlorite is also in

Left and right, the original oriented sheet was unable to effectively distinguish between Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite. In the general procedure Mg²⁺And ethylene glycol saturation treatment can remove the 001 diffraction peak of swelling mineral montmorillonite as Mg²⁺Replacing other interlayer cations and organic ethylene glycol to enter the interlayer to increase the interlayer spacing, and moving the 001 diffraction peak to a lower angle

Thereby realizing the distinction of the montmorillonite and the chlorite. However, in this case, Na-montmorillonite and Ca-montmorillonite having different interlayer cations were both Mg-doped²⁺The substitution resulted in identical peaks in the diffraction spectra of the two montmorillonites after this treatment.

Therefore, the existing identification and quantification method cannot effectively distinguish two montmorillonite minerals, and cannot analyze the content of two different montmorillonites under the condition that a plurality of clay minerals are mixed in a natural sample.

At present, in the prior art, for example, an invention patent with a patent application number of cn201810517982.x discloses a method for semi-quantitatively indirectly testing the content of montmorillonite in coal minerals, which comprises the steps of firstly crushing the coal minerals, burning and separating inorganic minerals from coal, calculating the content of obtained coal ash relative to the coal, then measuring the content of montmorillonite in the coal ash by adopting a blue absorption method, and finally calculating the content of montmorillonite in the coal according to the content of the coal ash and the content of montmorillonite in the coal ash. The invention adopts a burning method to separate inorganic minerals in coal and measure the content of montmorillonite in coal ash, the measurement precision is superior to the prior method (such as XRD and the like) for directly measuring the content of montmorillonite in coal, the related operation method is simple, but two kinds of montmorillonite minerals cannot be effectively distinguished.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for distinguishing and semi-quantitatively analyzing different types of montmorillonite in geological samples, which adopts a hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissolution method to remove Ca-montmorillonite, subtracts quantitative results before and after removal and corrects the chlorite content to realize the identification and quantitative analysis of the two different types of montmorillonite in natural samples.

The invention discloses a method for distinguishing and semi-quantitatively analyzing different types of montmorillonite in geological samples, which comprises the following steps:

(1) enriching and extracting clay minerals from geological samples;

(2) preparing an original orientation sheet, an Mg saturation sheet, a K saturation sheet and an ethylene glycol saturation orientation sheet, and carrying out XRD analysis;

(3) removing the original oriented sheet, and dissolving in HCl solution to remove Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite;

(4) carrying out Mg saturation and ethylene glycol atomization treatment on the sample from which the Ca-montmorillonite and the chlorite are removed in the step (3), and preparing an original orientation sheet, an Mg saturation sheet and an ethylene glycol saturation orientation sheet again;

(5) carrying out XRD test and semi-quantitative analysis on Mg saturated sheets and ethylene glycol saturated oriented sheets prepared before and after HCl is dissolved;

(6) calculating the relative content of all clay minerals.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the geological sample in the step (1) is crushed, then the organic cement and/or carbonate cement and/or gypsum mineral are removed, centrifuged, eluted to be neutral, and the clay component with the particle size less than 2 μm is extracted.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, hydrogen peroxide is used to remove organic cement, and acetic acid reagent is added to remove carbonate cement.

In any scheme, preferably, 20ml of 25% hydrogen peroxide is adopted to remove the organic cement, and 0.5mol/L of acetic acid reagent is added to remove the carbonate cement.

In any scheme, preferably, 20ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide is adopted to remove the organic cement, and 1mol/L of acetic acid reagent is added to remove the carbonate cement.

In any scheme, preferably, 20ml of 35% hydrogen peroxide is adopted to remove the organic cement, and 1.5mol/L of acetic acid reagent is added to remove the carbonate cement.

In any of the above embodiments, preferably, in step (2), the method for preparing the original oriented sheet comprises: and (3) sucking the suspension liquid drops containing the cosmids obtained in the step (1) on a glass slide and coating the suspension liquid drops into a square block with the size of 2cm multiplied by 2cm to obtain an original oriented sheet (original sheet).

In any of the above embodiments, preferably, in the step (2), the Mg-containing solution is added to the suspension containing the clay particles during the preparation of the Mg-saturated sheet, and Mg is performed²⁺Displacement of interlayer cations for Mg²⁺Fully replacing interlayer cations of the 2:1 type expansive clay mineral, centrifuging, eluting, and preparing the Mg saturated tablet.

In any of the above embodiments, preferably, the 2:1 type swelling clay mineral includes any one of montmorillonite, nontronite, beidellite, vermiculite, and saponite.

Preferably, in any of the above embodiments, the magnesium ion-containing solution is MgCl₂。

Preferably in any of the above embodiments, the MgCl is₂The solution is 0.5-2 mol/L.

Preferably, in any of the above aspects, theMgCl₂The solution was 0.5 mol/L.

Preferably in any of the above embodiments, the MgCl is₂The solution was 1 mol/L.

Preferably in any of the above embodiments, the MgCl is₂The solution was 1.5 mol/L.

Preferably in any of the above embodiments, the MgCl is₂The solution was 2 mol/L.

In any of the above embodiments, preferably, in the step (2), the potassium ion-containing solution is added to the suspension containing the cosmids during the preparation of the K-saturated tablet until K is reached⁺Fully displacing interlayer cations of the 2:1 type expansive clay mineral, centrifuging, eluting, and preparing the K saturated tablet.

Preferably, in any of the above embodiments, the solution of potassium ions is KCl.

Preferably, in any scheme, the KCl is 0.5-2 mol/L.

Preferably, in any of the above schemes, the KCl is 0.5 mol/L.

Preferably, in any scheme, the KCl is 1 mol/L.

Preferably, in any of the above schemes, the KCl is 1.5 mol/L.

Preferably, in any scheme, the KCl is 2 mol/L.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, in the step (2), the K plates are respectively heated at 160 ℃, 280 ℃, 320 ℃ and 540 ℃ for XRD analysis, and compared with the XRD result of the original oriented plate to identify chlorite and kaolinite.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, in the step (2), the K-plate is heated to 140 ℃, 280 ℃ and 540 ℃ respectively and then subjected to XRD analysis, and compared with the XRD result of the original oriented plate to identify chlorite and kaolinite.

In any of the above embodiments, preferably, in the step (2), the K-plate is heated to 150 ℃, 300 ℃ and 550 ℃ respectively, and then is subjected to XRD analysis, and compared with XRD results of original oriented plate to identify chlorite and kaolinite.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, in the step (2), the K-plate is heated to 160 ℃, 320 ℃ and 560 ℃ respectively, then XRD analysis is carried out, and the results are compared with the XRD results of the original oriented plate to identify chlorite and kaolinite.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the ethylene glycol saturated oriented sheet in the step (2) is obtained by performing ethylene glycol atomization treatment on the prepared Mg saturated sheet.

In any of the above embodiments, preferably, the preparation method of the ethylene glycol saturated oriented sheet in the step (2) comprises: and (3) putting the prepared Mg saturated sheet into an ethylene glycol atomization box, adding an ethylene glycol solution under a constant temperature condition for atomization, and keeping for 4 days.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the constant temperature is set to 40-50 ℃, 50ml of 95% -100% glycol solution is added, and the atomizer is started.

In any of the above embodiments, preferably, the constant temperature is set at 40 ℃, 50ml of 100% ethylene glycol solution is added and the atomizer is turned on.

Preferably, in any of the above embodiments, the constant temperature is set at 45 ℃, 50ml of 100% ethylene glycol solution is added and the atomizer is turned on.

Preferably, in any of the above embodiments, the constant temperature is set at 50 ℃, 50ml of 95% glycol solution is added and the atomizer is turned on.

In any of the above embodiments, the step (2) further comprises computationally determining the relative content of each clay mineral in the ethylene glycol saturated oriented sheets according to smectite + kaolinite and illite ═ 1:2: 4.

Preferably, in any of the above embodiments, the step (3) is to dissolve the original oriented sheet in HCl solution and heat to remove Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite.

In any of the schemes, the HCl solution is preferably 2-4mol/L, and Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite are dissolved and removed by heating to 65-75 ℃.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the HCl solution is 2mol/L, and Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite are dissolved and removed by heating to 75 ℃.

In any of the above schemes, the HCl solution is preferably 3mol/L, and Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite are dissolved and removed by heating to 70 ℃. Through a plurality of experiments, Ca-montmorillonite can be removed when the concentration is higher than 3mol/L, but Na-montmorillonite can be damaged when the concentration is too high, so 3mol/L is optimal.

In any of the above schemes, the HCl solution is preferably 4mol/L, and Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite are dissolved and removed by heating to 65 ℃.

In any of the above embodiments, it is preferable that the sample from which Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite are removed in the step (4) is put into a solution containing magnesium ions for Mg²⁺And (4) replacing interlayer cations for treatment, and preparing the Mg saturated sheet.

Preferably in any of the above embodiments, the MgCl is₂The solution was 0.5 mol/L.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the Mg saturated flake obtained in step (4) is subjected to glycol atomization treatment to prepare a glycol saturated oriented flake.

The invention also discloses the method for distinguishing and identifying different types of montmorillonite.

The invention also discloses a clay mineral directional sheet atomization treatment device which is suitable for being used in the preparation of the ethylene glycol saturated directional sheet, and the clay mineral directional sheet atomization treatment device specifically comprises an atomization box, wherein an atomizer is arranged outside the atomization box, a sensor and a spray assembly are arranged in the atomization box, one end of the spray assembly is horizontally arranged in the atomization box, the other end of the spray assembly extends to the outside of the atomization box, the spray assembly can change the spraying position through a servo motor and a moving assembly, so that the horizontal and vertical moving spraying is realized, and a heating device is arranged at the bottom in the atomization box.

Preferably, the sensor comprises an air pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and the air pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged at the upper part in the atomization box.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the rack comprises a plurality of L-shaped drawers arranged up and down.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the drawer includes a horizontally arranged support plate, the support plate is horizontally arranged, and one end of the support plate is vertically connected with a sealing plate.

In any one of the above schemes, preferably, the sealing plate is provided with a sealing block on the inner side, the sealing block is a triangular sealing block, and the outer plate surface of the sealing block is arranged obliquely.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the sealing block is a right-angled triangle sealing block, and the outer side plate surface of the sealing block is arranged in an inclined manner.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the upper end of the supporting plate is vertically provided with the movable baffle plate assembly, and the side surface of the bottom of the movable baffle plate assembly is provided with the inclined surface, so that the supporting plate can be inserted conveniently and simultaneously can form a sealing effect. The upper end of the movable baffle plate component is connected with a fixed end through an elastic component. The lower end of the movable baffle plate component is sealed through a silica gel layer and the like. Thereby sealed piece, adjustable fender subassembly and atomizer box lateral wall or adjustable fender subassembly and atomizer box lateral wall can enclose and close and form the isolation region, strengthen the sealed effect in the atomizer box.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the movable baffle assembly includes an inner baffle and an outer baffle, and the inner baffle and the outer baffle are integrally or separately arranged.

Preferred in any above-mentioned scheme is that when inlayer baffle and outer baffle set up for the disconnect-type, inlayer baffle and outer baffle are adjacent and parallel arrangement, and inlayer baffle and outer baffle length are the same, and outer baffle bottom lateral surface sets up the inclined plane, and this inclined plane matches each other with triangle-shaped seal block outside face.

In any of the above embodiments, the elastic member is preferably a spring.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the fixed end is arranged at the upper part of the movable baffle plate component and fixed on the inner wall of the atomization box.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, a plurality of placing grooves are arranged in the supporting plate at intervals, the glass slides are arranged in the placing grooves, and the supporting plate between the adjacent glass slides is provided with an anti-corrosion cushion block.

In any of the above aspects, preferably, the side wall of the atomization box is provided with an insertion opening, and one end of the support plate can be inserted into the atomization box through the insertion opening.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the number of the drawers is 4, and the 4 drawers are arranged at intervals up and down.

In any of the above embodiments, preferably, the drawer is provided with a cover plate, and the cover plate can be inserted from one side of the sealing plate and extended to the upper portion of the support plate to seal the slide glass on the upper portion of the support plate.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the atomizer is arranged at the upper part of the atomization box, the atomizer contains glycol or glycerol solution, and the upper part of the atomization box is provided with a release valve.

In any of the above aspects, preferably, the sensor includes an air pressure sensor and a temperature sensor.

In any of the above solutions, it is preferable that the movable baffle plate assembly on the insertion side of each drawer and/or the side wall of the atomization box corresponding to the movable baffle plate assembly is provided with a glass observation window.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the spraying assembly includes a conduit, the upper end of the conduit is communicated with the atomizer, a plurality of horizontally arranged spraying branch pipes are communicated with the conduit, the tail ends of the spraying branch pipes are connected with the spray head, and the conduit is provided with a conduit valve.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the spraying branch pipe is a telescopic organ pipe, so as to realize telescopic, stretchable and movable functions.

Preferably in any one of the above schemes, the moving assembly comprises an upper layer and a lower layer of L-shaped x-direction support, a support rod and a y-direction support are further arranged between the upper layer of x-direction support and the lower layer of x-direction support, a first guide rail is arranged on one side of the x-direction support, a first lead screw is arranged on the other side of the x-direction support, one end of the first lead screw is connected with the y-direction moving motor, a second lead screw is sleeved in the middle of the support rod, and the other end of the second lead screw is connected with the x-direction moving motor.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the L-shaped x-direction bracket includes a first fixing plate and a second fixing plate, the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are vertically arranged in the same plane, the first screw rod is arranged at one side of the first fixing plate of the x-direction bracket at the upper part, and the first guide rail is arranged at one side of the second fixing plate and fixed by the inner wall of the atomization box.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the x-direction support is driven by an x-direction moving motor and the first screw rod in a matching manner to move back and forth, and the y-direction support is driven by a y-direction moving motor and the second screw rod in a matching manner to move left and right.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the conduit y is connected with the spray header through a fixing rod horizontally arranged to the bracket, so that the spray header can be driven to move when the conduit y moves to the bracket.

Preferably in any one of the above schemes, atomization case one side is equipped with the evacuation subassembly, and the evacuation subassembly includes the collecting tank, and the collecting tank communicates each other through exhaust tube and atomization incasement, and exhaust tube upper portion is equipped with the exhaust tube valve, and the lower extreme and the condenser pipe of exhaust tube are connected, and in the condenser pipe extended to the collecting bottle, collecting bottle one side and vacuum pump connection.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the water inlet and the water outlet of the condenser pipe are both arranged outside the liquid collecting tank.

The processing method of the clay mineral directional sheet atomization processing device comprises the following steps:

(1) the airtightness of the atomization treatment apparatus was first checked: directly inserting an empty drawer into the atomization box, closing the conduit valve and the air release valve, opening the vacuum pump, opening the exhaust pipe valve without opening cooling water, pumping the atomization box to negative pressure, closing the exhaust pipe valve, closing the vacuum pump, observing the reading of the air pressure sensor, and enabling the vacuum degree in the atomization box to be continuously unchanged, so that the atomization box can be normally used;

(2) carrying out organic solvent ethylene glycol and glycerol saturation treatment: putting the clay mineral-coated directional sheet into a drawer, inserting the drawer into an atomization box, pumping the atomization box into 6.6Pa according to the operation method in the step (1), closing a valve, and closing a vacuum pump;

(3) starting the x-direction moving motor and the y-direction moving motor, enabling the y-direction support and the x-direction support to drive the guide pipe to move back and forth above the drawer as required, opening the atomizer, arranging a valve on the guide pipe as required, and carrying out atomization spraying on the sample;

(4) opening a heating element to heat to 30 ℃, keeping constant temperature and constant pressure and sealing for 48 hours to reach the saturation of the organic solvent in the clay mineral to be detected;

(5) sampling and XRD testing: opening a vacuum pump, opening an exhaust pipe valve without opening cooling water, pumping residual air in the atomization box, closing the exhaust pipe valve, closing the vacuum pump, opening an air release valve, and taking out a sample to be tested in a drawer for XRD test;

(6) clearing the atomization box after the saturation treatment is finished: directly inserting an empty drawer into the atomization box, closing the conduit valve and the air release valve, opening the vacuum pump, opening the exhaust pipe valve without opening cooling water, pumping residual air in the atomization box away, closing the exhaust pipe valve, and closing the vacuum pump; through heating element heating atomization box, know the condition in the atomization box through baroceptor and temperature sensor, confirm the ethylene glycol through the glass observation window and remain the condition, open the cooling water, open the vacuum pump, open the exhaust tube valve door, take away the ethylene glycol steam in the atomization box.

Advantageous effects

The invention discloses a method for distinguishing and semi-quantitatively analyzing different types of montmorillonite in geological samples, which comprises the following steps: enriching and extracting clay minerals from the sample; preparing an original oriented sheet, an Mg saturated sheet and an ethylene glycol saturated oriented sheet before and after dissolving HCl; carrying out XRD test and semi-quantitative analysis before and after HCl dissolution; and solving the relative content of all clay minerals including Na-montmorillonite and Ca-montmorillonite. The invention adopts a hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissolution method to remove Ca-montmorillonite, realizes the differentiation and quantitative analysis of Na-montmorillonite and Ca-montmorillonite, and provides a new way for the identification and quantitative analysis of different types of montmorillonite.

The invention also discloses an atomization treatment device for the clay mineral directional sheet, which effectively solves the problem of XRD analysis errors caused by different contents of expansive clay and different drying times. Meanwhile, the maximum protection on the personal health of the experimenters is realized by adopting the non-contact type ethylene glycol saturation treatment process, and the non-contact type saturation treatment process prevents the experimenters from contacting toxic reagents, thereby protecting the health and the safety. The atomization treatment device can carry out the clay mineral lattice organic molecule saturation atomization treatment in batch in a non-contact manner, and can treat 200 samples at a time and 200 samples in batch. The experimental test efficiency is greatly improved; and each sample to be detected is ensured to have the same organic saturation degree, and errors of different samples are reduced. The batch processing under uniform conditions ensures that each sample to be detected has the same organic molecule saturation degree; the sample to be tested is in a closed environment, so that the saturation degree is prevented from changing due to volatilization of an organic solvent in the air; the device can also realize the recycling of the organic reagent, thereby saving resources.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an analytical flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention for distinguishing and semi-quantitatively analyzing different types of smectites in a geological sample;

FIG. 2 is an XRD diffractogram of Ca-montmorillonite before and after 3mol/L HCl treatment;

FIG. 3 is an XRD diffractogram of Na-montmorillonite before and after 3mol/L HCl treatment;

FIG. 4 is a transmission electron microscope characterization chart of Ca-montmorillonite and Na-montmorillonite before and after 3mol/L HCl treatment, wherein a) is the crystal form and the electron diffraction result of Ca-montmorillonite before HCl treatment, and b) is the crystal form and the electron diffraction result of Ca-montmorillonite after HCl treatment; c) is the crystal form of Na-montmorillonite and the result of electron diffraction before HCl treatment, d) is the crystal form of Na-montmorillonite and the result of electron diffraction after HCl treatment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an atomization processing device for clay mineral directional sheets according to the present invention;

fig. 6 is a partial sectional view of the clay mineral directional plate atomizing device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic drawing showing the cover plate pulling-out structure of FIG. 2;

fig. 8 is a partial structural sectional view of another preferred embodiment of the clay mineral directional slice atomization processing device of the invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the cover plate of FIG. 4; (ii) a

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a drawer structure of an atomization processing device of a clay mineral directional plate according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 11 is a top view of the structure of FIG. 6;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the moving assembly of FIG. 1;

FIG. 13 is a XRD diffraction contrast diagram of a clay mineral directional plate atomization treatment device and other methods for ethylene glycol saturation treatment;

wherein, the meaning of each reference number in the figure is as follows:

1. a pressure sensor, 2, a conduit valve, 3, a temperature sensor, 4, a drawer, 41, a support plate, 5, a conduit, 6, a conduit support x-direction moving motor, 7, a conduit y-direction support, 8, a heating element, 9, a vacuum pump, 10, a liquid collecting bottle, 11, a condensation pipe, 12, an air pumping pipe, 13, an air pumping pipe valve, 14, a conduit support y-direction moving motor, 15, a conduit x-direction support, 151, a first fixing plate, 152, a second fixing plate, 16, an atomizer, 17, a glass slide (a directional sheet), 18, an anticorrosive cushion block, 20, a vent valve, 21, a glass observation window, 22, an atomization box, 221, an insertion opening, 23, a movable baffle assembly, 231, an inner baffle, 232, an outer baffle, 24, a fixed end, 25, an elastic component, 26, a spray head, 27, a support rod, 28, a first guide rail, 29, a first screw rod, 30, a second screw rod, 31. a header tank 32, a fixing rod 33, a cover plate 42, a sealing plate 43 and a sealing block.

Detailed Description

The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention as to the technical content of the present invention, but the essence of the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and one of ordinary skill in the art can and should understand that any simple changes or substitutions based on the essence of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The X-ray diffractometer used in the invention is produced by PANALYTICAL corporation, the model is X' pert, the Ni optical filter and the Cu light tube (40kV and 40mA) are used for testing, the testing step length is 0.020 degrees, the resolution is 0.050 degrees 2 theta s^-1The angle ranges from 3 ° to 30 ° 2 θ. JE adopted by transmission electron microscopeJEM-2100 manufactured by OL.

The invention relates to a method for distinguishing and quantitatively analyzing different types of montmorillonite in a geological sample, wherein an analysis flow chart is shown in figure 1, and the method comprises the following steps in sequence:

(1) and enriching and extracting clay minerals from the geological sample. Specifically, the sample is crushed to below 100 mesh, 10g of the sample is weighed and 200ml of deionized water is added. Adding 20ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide to react for 12 hours, removing the organic cement, adding 40ml of 1mol/L acetic acid reagent to react for 6 hours, and removing the carbonate cement. Centrifuging the sample without organic matters and carbonate cement for 5min at 3600r/min, removing supernatant, adding 450ml of deionized water, and repeatedly eluting until the solution is neutral and anti-flocculation phenomenon occurs. The extraction of the cosmid fraction with a particle size of less than 2 μm is carried out in suspension according to the Stocks sedimentation rule.

(2) And preparing the oriented sheet under different pretreatment conditions. 1.5ml of the suspension containing the cosmid was aspirated by pipette and dropped onto a glass slide and spread into 2cm by 2cm squares to prepare the original plate. Adding 1mol/L MgCl into 10ml of suspension containing the sticky particles₂80ml of solution is reacted for 10 hours until Mg is obtained²⁺After the interlayer cations of the 2:1 type expansive clay mineral are fully replaced, the mixture is centrifuged at 4500r/min for 5min, and the introduced Cl is added by deionized water^-Sufficiently eluting for 4 times to prepare Mg saturated tablets. Adding 1mol/L KCl solution 80ml into 10ml suspension containing the clay particles, reacting for 10h until K is reached⁺After the interlayer cations of the 2:1 type expansive clay mineral are fully replaced, the mixture is centrifuged at 4500r/min for 5min, and the introduced Cl is added by deionized water^-Eluting for 4 times to obtain K saturated tablet. The K saturated plate is heated to 150 ℃, 300 ℃ and 550 ℃ respectively, then XRD analysis is carried out, and the XRD results of the K saturated plate are compared with those of the original plate to identify chlorite and kaolinite. The existence of different types of montmorillonite (the Ca-montmorillonite 001 peak is positioned in the position of the original slice XRD result) is preliminarily judged

The Na-montmorillonite 001 peak is located

)。

(3) And carrying out ethylene glycol atomization treatment on the Mg saturated sheet. The specific steps are that the prepared Mg sheet is put into an ethylene glycol atomization box, 50ml of 100 percent ethylene glycol solution is added under the condition of constant temperature of 45 ℃, an atomizer is started, 30ml of ethylene glycol solution is completely atomized and fills the whole constant temperature sealing box, and the mixture is kept for 5 days. And (3) when the expansive minerals in the Mg saturated sheet fully absorb ethylene glycol molecules, conveying the sample from the atomizing chamber to the sampling chamber through the drawer device, and taking out the ethylene glycol atomized Mg sheet for XRD test.

(4) And calculating the relative content of each clay mineral in the Mg saturated sheet subjected to glycol atomization treatment. Due to the replacement of Mg ions, the interlayer ions of the swellable minerals such as montmorillonite in the sample are all replaced by Mg²⁺And (4) replacement. The relative content calculation was based on the following diffraction peak areas: in a sample

The peak area represents the total content of Ca-montmorillonite and Na-montmorillonite,

the peak area represents the total chlorite and kaolinite content,

the peak area represents the illite content and the ratio of chlorite to kaolinite passes through the chlorite 004 peak

And kaolinite 002 peak

And (4) determining the area ratio. The relative amounts were calculated from montmorillonite (chlorite + kaolinite) and illite ═ 1:2:4 (Biscaye, 1965). The diffraction peak area fitting described above uses Macdiff software.

(5) And removing Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite in the original tablet. Putting the original sheet into 10ml of 3mol/L HCl solution, heating to 70 ℃, and removing Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite in the original sheet, wherein Na-montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite are unchanged. And centrifuging the suspension from which the Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite are removed by using 50ml of deionized water, centrifuging the suspension at 4500r/min for 5min, eluting for 4 times, and eluting to be neutral.

(6) And subjecting the sample from which the Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite have been removed to Mg saturation and glycol atomization. Performing Mg treatment on the Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite-removed sample obtained in the step (5) according to the method of the step (2)²⁺Replacing interlayer cation treatment and eluting to remove Cl^-. And (4) carrying out ethylene glycol atomization treatment on the sample treated by HCl and subjected to Mg saturation treatment according to the method of the step (3), and then carrying out XRD test.

(7) And calculating the relative content of each clay mineral after the Ca-montmorillonite and the chlorite are removed. And (4) calculating the content of the Mg saturated ethylene glycol atomized sample from which the Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite are removed according to the method in the step (4). Obtaining the relative content of Na-montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite.

(8) And (4) calculating the difference between the contents of the obtained montmorillonite and the illite, namely the sum of the contents of the dissolved Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite. Subtracting the content of the chlorite obtained in the step (4) from the value to obtain the Ca-montmorillonite content.

(9) In order to verify the accuracy of the method, Ca-montmorillonite, Na-montmorillonite, kaolinite, chlorite and illite mixed standard samples in known proportions are prepared, and the method is used for calculating the relative content of clay minerals to verify the accuracy of the method.

Example 1

The method for distinguishing and quantitatively analyzing different types of montmorillonite in geological samples is used for analyzing the loess samples in the Weinan Shanxi region, the analysis flow is shown in figure 1, and the specific method is as follows:

(1) and enriching and extracting clay minerals from the Weinan loess sample. The sample is broken by a geological hammer to be below 100 meshes, 10g of the sample is weighed, and 200ml of deionized water is added. Adding 20ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide to react for 12 hours, removing the organic cement, adding 40ml of 1mol/L acetic acid reagent to react for 6 hours, and removing the carbonate cement. Centrifuging the sample without organic matters and carbonate cement for 5min at 3600r/min, removing supernatant, adding 450ml of deionized water, and repeatedly eluting until the solution is neutral and anti-flocculation phenomenon occurs. The extraction of the cosmid fraction with a particle size of less than 2 μm is carried out in suspension according to the Stocks sedimentation rule.

(2) Preparing the oriented sheet with different pretreatment conditions, including an original sheet, a Mg saturated sheet and a K saturated sheet. 1.5ml of the suspension containing the cosmid was aspirated by a pipette and dropped on a glass slide and applied in a square of 2 cm. times.2 cm in size to prepare an original plate. Adding 1mol/L MgCl into 10ml of suspension containing the sticky particles₂80ml of solution for Mg²⁺After the interlayer cations of the 2:1 type expansive clay mineral are fully replaced, the mixture is centrifuged at 4500r/min for 5min, and 250ml deionized water is used for introducing Cl^-Fully eluting to prepare Mg saturated tablets. Adding 1mol/LKCl solution 80ml into 10ml suspension containing the clay particles, treating for 10h, and allowing K to stand⁺After the interlayer cations of the 2:1 type expansive clay mineral are fully replaced, the mixture is centrifuged at 4500r/min for 5min and repeatedly centrifuged for 5 times, and the introduced Cl is added by deionized water^-Fully eluting to prepare K saturated tablets. The K saturated plate is heated to 150 ℃, 300 ℃ and 550 ℃ respectively, then XRD analysis is carried out, and the results are compared with the XRD results of the original plate to identify chlorite and kaolinite. The existence of different types of montmorillonite (the Ca-montmorillonite 001 peak is positioned in the position of the original slice XRD result) is preliminarily judged

The Na-montmorillonite 001 peak is located

). The XRD result of the original plate shows that the sample contains Ca-montmorillonite, Na-montmorillonite and illite. K saturated sheets showed that the samples contained chlorite and kaolinite.

(3) And carrying out ethylene glycol atomization treatment on the Mg saturated sheet. The specific steps are that the prepared Mg saturated sheet is put into an ethylene glycol atomization box, 50ml of 100% ethylene glycol solution is added under the condition of constant temperature of 45 ℃, an atomizer is started, 30ml of ethylene glycol solution is completely atomized and filled in the whole constant temperature sealing box, and the mixture is kept for 4 days. And (3) when the expansive minerals in the Mg saturated sheet fully absorb ethylene glycol molecules, conveying the sample from the atomizing chamber to the sampling chamber through the drawer device, and taking out the Mg saturated sheet (ethylene glycol saturated oriented sheet) subjected to ethylene glycol atomization for XRD test.

(4) And calculating the relative content of each clay mineral in the Mg saturated sheet subjected to glycol atomization treatment. In a sample

the peak area represents the total chlorite and kaolinite content,

the peak area represents the illite content and the ratio of chlorite to kaolinite passes through the chlorite 004 peak (3.53)

) And kaolinite 002 peak

And (4) determining the area ratio. The relative amounts were calculated from montmorillonite (chlorite + kaolinite) and illite ═ 1:2:4 (Biscaye, 1965). The diffraction peak area fitting described above uses Macdiff software. The fitted area of each diffraction peak is: montmorillonite 13034, illite 8281, chlorite and kaolinite 1974. The calculation result is as follows: 26.01 percent of montmorillonite (Sm), 66.11 percent of illite (Ill), 4.50 percent of chlorite (Chl) and 3.38 percent of kaolinite (Kao).

(5) And removing Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite in the original tablet. Putting the original sheet into 3mol/L HCl solution, heating to 70 ℃, and removing Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite in the original sheet, wherein Na-montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite are unchanged. The suspension from which Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite were removed was centrifuged at 50ml of deionized water at 4500r/min for 5min to elute to neutrality.

(6) And (3) carrying out Mg saturation and glycol atomization treatment on the sample from which the Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite are removed in the step (5) to obtain a new Mg saturation sheet and a new glycol saturation oriented sheet. Removing the Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite sample obtained in the step (5) according to the steps(2) Method for Mg²⁺Replacing interlayer cation treatment and eluting to remove Cl^-. Specifically, 1mol/L MgCl was added to 10ml of a suspension containing a clay₂80ml of solution, about 10 hours, Mg²⁺After fully replacing interlayer cations of 2:1 type expansive clay mineral, repeatedly centrifuging, 4500r/min centrifuging for 5min, and adding deionized water to the introduced Cl^-Fully eluting to prepare Mg saturated tablets.

And (4) carrying out ethylene glycol atomization treatment on the sample which is subjected to HCl treatment and Mg saturation treatment according to the method in the step (3) to obtain an ethylene glycol saturated directional plate, and then carrying out XRD test.

As shown in FIG. 2, XRD diffraction patterns of Ca-montmorillonite before and after 3mol/L HCl treatment clearly show that Ca-montmorillonite after HCl solution treatment

The characteristic peak disappears; as shown in FIG. 3, XRD diffraction patterns of Na-montmorillonite before and after 3mol/L HCl treatment, and Na-montmorillonite after HCl solution treatment

The characteristic peak has no obvious change; as shown in fig. 4, transmission electron microscopy characterization graphs of Ca-montmorillonite and Na-montmorillonite before and after 3mol/L HCl treatment are shown, a) shows the crystal form and electron diffraction results of Ca-montmorillonite before HCl treatment, showing more clear crystal form and crystal characteristics, b) shows the crystal form and electron diffraction results of Ca-montmorillonite after HCl treatment, and both the crystal form and the crystal characteristics are destroyed; c) the crystal form and the electronic diffraction result of the Na-montmorillonite before HCl treatment show more clear crystal form and crystallization characteristics, and d) the crystal form and the crystallization characteristics are still clearly visible after the Na-montmorillonite after HCl treatment.

(7) And calculating the relative content of each clay mineral after the Ca-montmorillonite and the chlorite are removed. And (4) calculating the content of the Mg saturated ethylene glycol atomized sample from which the Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite are removed according to the method in the step (4). The fitted area of each diffraction peak is: na-montmorillonite 9142, illite 8281, kaolinite 846. The calculation result is as follows: na-montmorillonite (NaSm) 20.8%, illite (Ill (HCl)) 75.35%, kaolinite (Kao (HCl)) 3.85%.

(8) And (4) calculating the difference of the montmorillonite contents obtained in the steps (4) and (7) to obtain the montmorillonite content: the content of Ca-montmorillonite (Ca-Sm) is as follows: 26.01 to 20.8 percent of Ca-Sm-NaSm-5.21 percent.

(9) Specifically, the sample contained 20.80% of Na-montmorillonite (NaSm), 5.21% of Ca-montmorillonite (CaSm), 66.11% of illite (Ill), 4.50% of chlorite (Chl), and 3.85% of kaolinite (Kao), as shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 Clay mineral content in loess samples in Weinan Shaanxi region

To further verify the accuracy of the method, mixed standard samples of Ca-montmorillonite, Na-montmorillonite, kaolinite, chlorite and illite (Ca-montmorillonite 20%, Na-montmorillonite 20%, kaolinite 20%, chlorite 10%, illite 30%) were prepared in known proportions, and the relative clay mineral content was calculated as (Ca-montmorillonite 22%, Na-montmorillonite 22%, kaolinite 18%, chlorite 9%, illite 29%) using the above method. The difference between the content of each mineral and the original proportioning in the verification method is shown to be within an error range (6%).

Example 2

The method for distinguishing and semi-quantitatively analyzing different types of montmorillonite in geological samples is adopted to analyze gypsum rock sediment samples of the first New century in the Xining basin, and the specific method is as follows:

(1) and enriching and extracting clay minerals from the sediment stratum sample of the Xining basin. Crushing the gypsum mudstone sample by a geological hammer to below 100 meshes, weighing 50g of sample and adding 200ml of deionized water. Adding 20ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide to react for 12h, and removing the organic cement. Adding 0.32mol/L and 1L of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid solution, boiling and reacting for 24h, removing gypsum mineral, and releasing cemented fine particle components. Adding deionized water again, centrifuging for 10min at 3600r/min, and eluting until the solution is neutral and deflocculation occurs. The extraction of the cosmid fraction with a particle size of less than 2 μm is carried out in suspension according to the Stocks sedimentation rule.

(2) And preparing the oriented sheet under different pretreatment conditions. 1.5ml of the suspension containing the cosmid was aspirated by a pipette and dropped on a glass slide and applied in a square of 2 cm. times.2 cm in size to prepare an original plate. Adding 1mol/L MgCl into 10ml of suspension containing the sticky particles₂80ml of solution, reacting for 10h), waiting for Mg²⁺After the interlayer cations of the 2:1 type expansive clay mineral are fully replaced, the introduced Cl is repeatedly centrifuged by deionized water^-Fully eluting, centrifuging at 4500r/min for 5min, and making into Mg saturated tablet. Adding 80ml of 1mol/L KCl solution into the suspension containing the sticky particles, reacting for 10h until K is reached⁺After the cations among the 2:1 type expansive clay mineral layers are fully replaced, repeatedly centrifuging at 4500r/min for 5min, and introducing Cl by deionized water^-Eluting for 4 times to obtain K saturated tablet. The K saturated plate is heated to 150 ℃, 300 ℃ and 550 ℃ respectively, then XRD analysis is carried out, and the results are compared with the XRD results of the original plate to identify chlorite and kaolinite. The existence of different types of montmorillonite (the Ca-montmorillonite 001 peak is positioned in the position of the original slice XRD result) is preliminarily judged

The Na-montmorillonite 001 peak is located

). The XRD result of the original plate shows that the sample contains Ca-montmorillonite, Na-montmorillonite and illite. K saturated sheets showed that the samples contained chlorite.

(3) And carrying out ethylene glycol atomization treatment on the Mg saturated sheet. The specific steps are that the prepared Mg saturated sheet is put into an ethylene glycol atomization box, 50ml of 100% ethylene glycol solution is added under the condition of constant temperature of 45 ℃, an atomizer is started, 30ml of ethylene glycol solution is completely atomized and filled in the whole constant temperature sealing box, and the mixture is kept for 4 days. And (3) when the expansive minerals in the Mg saturated sheet fully absorb ethylene glycol molecules, conveying the sample from the atomizing chamber to the sampling chamber through the drawer device, and taking out the Mg saturated sheet atomized by ethylene glycol to perform XRD test.

(4) And calculating the relative content of each clay mineral in the Mg sheet subjected to glycol atomization treatment. 17-18 in the sample

the peak area represents the total chlorite and kaolinite content,

And kaolinite 002 peak

And (4) determining the area ratio. The relative amounts were calculated from montmorillonite (chlorite + kaolinite) and illite ═ 1:2:4 (Biscaye, 1965). The diffraction peak area fitting described above uses Macdiff software. The fitted area of each diffraction peak is: montmorillonite 18845, illite 28377, chlorite 12294. The calculation result is as follows: 12.01 percent of montmorillonite (Sm), 72.33 percent of illite (Ill) and 15.67 percent of chlorite (Chl).

(5) And removing Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite in the original tablet. Putting the original sheet into 3mol/L HCl solution, heating to 70 ℃, and removing Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite in the original sheet, wherein Na-montmorillonite and illite are unchanged. And centrifugally eluting the suspension from which the Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite are removed to neutrality by using deionized water.

(6) And (3) carrying out Mg saturation and ethylene glycol atomization treatment on the sample with the Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite removed in the step (5). The Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite-removed sample obtained in (5) was Mg-removed in the step (2)²⁺Replacing interlayer cation treatment and eluting to remove Cl^-. Namely, adding 1mol/L MgCl into suspension containing sticky particles₂80ml of solution is reacted for 10 hours until Mg is obtained²⁺After fully replacing interlayer cations of 2:1 type expansive clay mineral, repeatedly centrifuging at 4500r/min for 5min, reacting with 200ml deionized water for 10h, and introducing Cl^-Fully eluting to prepare Mg saturated tablets.

And (4) carrying out ethylene glycol atomization treatment on the sample which is subjected to HCl treatment and Mg saturation treatment according to the step (3). Then XRD testing was performed.

(7) And calculating the relative content of each clay mineral after the Ca-montmorillonite and the chlorite are removed. And (4) calculating the content of the Mg saturated ethylene glycol atomized sample from which the Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite are removed according to the method in the step (4). The sum area of the diffraction peaks is: na-montmorillonite 9236, illite 28300. The calculation result is as follows: na-montmorillonite (NaSm) 7.54%, illite 92.46% (Ill (HCl)).

(8) The difference between the contents of the smectites calculated in the steps (4) and (7) (Sm-NaSm) and the illite (Ill (HCl) -Ill) is the sum of the contents of the dissolved Ca-smectites and the chlorite (CaSm + Chl). Therefore, the sum of the contents of Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite is CaSm + Chl-NaSm + Ill (HCl) -Ill-12.01% -7.54% + 92.46% -72.33% + 24.6%. The Ca-montmorillonite content is as follows: CaSm + Chl-Chl 24.6% -15.67% -8.93%.

(9) The results are shown in Table 2, wherein the content of Na-montmorillonite (NaSm) in the sample was 7.54%, the content of Ca-montmorillonite was 4.46%, the content of illite (Ill) was 72.33%, and the content of chlorite (Chl) was 15.67%.

TABLE 2 measured values of the free iron content in the initial and new world sedimentary samples of the Xining basin, the analytical values of the Standard addition method and the clay mineral content of the Xining basin by the ion exchange column method

In order to further verify the accuracy of the method, mixed standard samples (10% of Ca-montmorillonite, 10% of Na-montmorillonite, 50% of chlorite and 30% of illite) of Ca-montmorillonite, Na-montmorillonite, kaolinite, chlorite and illite in known proportions are prepared, and the relative content of clay minerals is calculated by using the method, so that the accuracy of the method is verified, and the results are 13% of Ca-montmorillonite, 12% of Na-montmorillonite, 48% of chlorite and 27% of illite. The difference between the content of each mineral and the original proportioning in the verification method is shown to be within an error range (6%).

As can be seen from the experimental data in Table 2, the method for distinguishing and quantitatively analyzing different types of montmorillonite of the invention has the advantages that the precision can meet the requirements of scientific research work, the feasibility is good, the steps are established on the basis of a general method, and the operation is convenient and easy to popularize.

Example 3

The method is adopted to analyze the sediment sample of the river and lake phase in the Zhaotong basin of Yunnan, and the specific method is as follows:

(1) and enriching and extracting clay minerals from the Zhaotong basin river lake sediment sample. The sample is broken up with a geological hammer, 20g of the sample is weighed and 200ml of deionized water is added. Adding 50ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide to react for 12h, removing the organic cement, adding 80ml of 1mol/L acetic acid reagent to react for 6h, and removing the carbonate cement. Centrifuging the sample without organic matters and carbonate cement for 5min at 3600r/min to remove supernatant, adding 450ml of deionized water, and repeatedly eluting with water until the solution is neutral and has deflocculation phenomenon. The extraction of the cosmid fraction with a particle size of less than 2 μm is carried out in suspension according to the Stocks sedimentation rule.

(2) And preparing the oriented sheet under different pretreatment conditions. 1.5ml of the suspension containing the cosmid was aspirated by a pipette and dropped on a glass slide and applied in a square of 2 cm. times.2 cm in size to prepare an original plate. Adding 1mol/L MgCl into 10ml of suspension containing the sticky particles₂80ml of solution is reacted for 10 hours until Mg is obtained²⁺After the cations among the 2:1 type expansive clay mineral layers are fully replaced, repeatedly centrifuging at 4500r/min for 5min, and introducing Cl by deionized water^-Sufficiently eluting for 5 times to prepare Mg saturated tablets. Adding 1mol/L KCl solution 80ml into 10ml suspension containing the clay particles, reacting for 10h until K is reached⁺After the cations among the 2:1 type expansive clay mineral layers are fully replaced, repeatedly centrifuging at 4500r/min for 5min, and introducing Cl by deionized water^-Fully eluting to prepare K saturated tablets. The K saturated plate is heated to 150 ℃, 300 ℃ and 550 ℃ respectively, then XRD analysis is carried out, and the results are compared with the XRD results of the original oriented plate to identify chlorite and kaolinite. Preliminarily judging whether different types of montmorillonite (Ca-montmorillonite 001 peak position) exist or not according to the XRD result of the original oriented sheetIn that

The Na-montmorillonite 001 peak is located

). The XRD result of the primary oriented sheet shows that the sample contains Ca-montmorillonite, Na-montmorillonite and illite. K saturated sheets showed that the samples contained chlorite and kaolinite.

the peak area represents the total chlorite and kaolinite content,

And kaolinite 002 peak

And (4) determining the area ratio. The relative amounts were calculated from the smectites (chlorite + kaolinite) and illite ═ 1:2:4 (Biscaye,1965). The diffraction peak area fitting described above uses Macdiff software. The fitted area of each diffraction peak is: montmorillonite 13821, illite 1242, chlorite and kaolinite 5888. The calculation result is as follows: 58.32 percent of montmorillonite (Sm), 12.37 percent of illite (Ill), 8.89 percent of chlorite (Chl) and 20.42 percent of kaolinite (Kao).

(5) And removing Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite in the original oriented sheets. And (3) putting the original oriented sheet into 3mol/L HCl solution, heating to 70 ℃, and removing Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite in the original oriented sheet, wherein Na-montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite are unchanged. And centrifugally eluting the suspension from which the Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite are removed to neutrality by using deionized water.

(6) And subjecting the sample from which the Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite have been removed to Mg saturation and glycol atomization. Subjecting the Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite-removed sample obtained in step (5) to Mg treatment by the method of step (2)²⁺Replacing interlayer cation treatment and eluting to remove Cl^-. And (4) carrying out ethylene glycol atomization treatment on the sample which is subjected to HCl treatment and Mg saturation treatment according to the step (3), and then carrying out XRD test.

(7) And calculating the relative content of each clay mineral after the Ca-montmorillonite and the chlorite are removed. And (4) calculating the content of the Mg saturated ethylene glycol atomized sample from which the Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite are removed according to the step (4). The sum area of the diffraction peaks is: na-montmorillonite 13821, illite 1242 and kaolinite 10232. The calculation result is as follows: na-montmorillonite (NaSm) 35.21%, illite (Ill (HCl)) 12.37%.

(8) The difference between the contents of montmorillonite obtained by calculation in the steps (4) and (7): Sm-NaSm, i.e., the content of dissolved Ca-montmorillonite (CaSm). Thus, Ca-montmorillonite was obtained as: 58.32% -35.21% of CaSm-NaSm, 23.11%.

(9) The sample contained 35.21% of Na-montmorillonite (NaSm), 23.11% of Ca-montmorillonite (CaSm), 12.37% of illite (Ill), 8.89% of chlorite (Chl) and 20.42% of kaolinite (Kao), as shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Clay mineral content in Zhaotong basin river lake facies sediment samples

In order to verify the accuracy of the method, mixed standard samples of Ca-montmorillonite, Na-montmorillonite, kaolinite, chlorite and illite (wherein the Ca-montmorillonite is 15%, the Na-montmorillonite is 15%, the kaolinite is 30%, the chlorite is 10% and the illite is 30%) in known proportions are prepared, and the method is used for calculating the relative content of clay minerals to verify the accuracy of the method. The results were 14% Ca-montmorillonite, 13% Na-montmorillonite, 29% kaolinite, 12% chlorite and 32% illite (the original contents here add up to 90). The difference between the content of each mineral and the original proportioning in the verification method is shown to be within an error range (6%).

Example 4

A method for distinguishing and quantifying different types of montmorillonite in a geological sample, which is similar to example 1, except that in step (1), 20ml of 25% hydrogen peroxide is used to remove organic cement, and 0.5mol/L acetic acid reagent is added to remove carbonate cement.

Example 5

A method for distinguishing and quantitatively analyzing different types of montmorillonite in geological samples is similar to example 1, except that in the step (1), 20ml of 35% hydrogen peroxide is adopted to remove organic cement, and 1.5mol/L acetic acid reagent is added to remove carbonate cement.

Example 6

A method for distinguishing and quantifying different types of smectites in a geological sample, similar to example 1, except that in step (2) MgCl is used₂The solution was 0.5 mol/L.

Example 7

A method for distinguishing and quantifying different types of smectites in a geological sample, similar to example 1, except that in step (2) MgCl is used₂The solution was 1.5 mol/L.

Example 8

A method for distinguishing and quantifying different types of smectites in a geological sample, similar to example 1, except that in step (2) MgCl is used₂The solution was 2 mol/L.

Example 9

A method for distinguishing and quantifying different types of smectites in a geological sample is similar to example 1 except that KCl in step (2) is 0.5 mol/L.

Example 10

A method for distinguishing and quantifying different types of smectites in a geological sample is similar to example 1 except that KCl in step (2) is 1.5 mol/L.

Example 11

A method for distinguishing and quantifying different types of smectites in a geological sample is similar to example 1 except that KCl in step (2) is 2 mol/L.

Example 12

A method of distinguishing and quantifying different types of smectites in a geological sample, similar to example 1, except that in step (2) the K-saturated sheet is heated at 140 ℃, 280 ℃ and 540 ℃ respectively and then XRD analysis is performed and compared with the XRD results of the original oriented sheet to identify chlorite and kaolinite.

Example 13

A method of distinguishing and quantifying different types of smectites in a geological sample, similar to example 1, except that in step (2) the K-saturated sheet is heated to 160 ℃, 320 ℃ and 560 ℃ respectively and then XRD analysis is performed and compared with the XRD results of the original oriented sheet to identify chlorite and kaolinite.

Example 14

A method of distinguishing and quantifying different types of montmorillonite in a geological sample, similar to example 1, except that in step (3) a constant temperature of 40 ℃ is set, 50ml of 100% glycol solution is added and the atomizer is turned on.

Example 15

A method of distinguishing and quantifying different types of montmorillonite in a geological sample, similar to example 1, except that in step (3) a constant temperature of 50 ℃ is set, 50ml of 95% glycol solution is added and the atomizer is turned on.

Example 16

A method of distinguishing and quantifying different types of smectites in a geological sample, similar to example 1, except that in step (5) the HCl solution is 2mol/L and heating to 75 ℃ dissolves Ca-smectite and chlorite.

Example 17

A method of distinguishing and quantifying different types of smectites in a geological sample, similar to example 1, except that in step (5) the HCl solution is 4mol/L and heated to 65 ℃ to dissolve Ca-smectite and chlorite.

Embodiment 18 is as shown in fig. 5-7, a clay mineral directional tablet atomizing processing apparatus, the whole complete set of corrosion-resistant material that adopts of apparatus, including atomizer 22, atomizer 22 is totally enclosed sealed box, and atomizer 16 is equipped with to the outside of atomizer 22, is equipped with sensor and spray set in the atomizer 16, and the sensor includes baroceptor 1 and temperature sensor 3, and baroceptor 1 and temperature sensor 3 locate upper portion in atomizer 22 for control atomizer internal gas pressure and temperature. One end of the spraying assembly is horizontally arranged in the atomization box 16, the other end of the spraying assembly extends to the outside of the atomization box 16, the spraying assembly can change the spraying position through the servo motor and the moving assembly, the horizontal and vertical moving spraying in the same plane is realized, and the heating device 8 is arranged at the bottom in the atomization box 22.

The further optimized technical scheme of this embodiment is that the supporter includes a plurality of L shape drawers 4 that set up from top to bottom to realize batch processing sample. Specifically, the number of the drawers 4 is 4, and the 4 drawers 4 are arranged up and down at intervals.

The further optimized technical solution of this embodiment is that the drawer 4 includes a supporting plate 41, the supporting plate 41 is horizontally disposed, and a sealing plate 42 is disposed on the top of the supporting plate 41. The atomization box 22 is provided with an insertion port 221 in the wall. One end of the support plate 41 can be inserted into the atomization tank 22 through the insertion port 221.

The further optimized technical scheme of this embodiment is that the movable baffle plate assembly 23 is vertically arranged at the upper end of the supporting plate 41, and during the specific arrangement, the inclined surface is arranged on the side surface of the bottom of the movable baffle plate assembly 23, so that the supporting plate 41 can be inserted conveniently and simultaneously a sealing effect can be formed. The upper end of the flapper assembly 23 is connected to the fixed end 24 by an elastic member 25. Specifically, the fixed end 24 is disposed on the upper portion of the movable baffle 23 and fixed on the inner wall of the atomization box 22, and the elastic member 25 may be a silica gel rope or a spring. The lower end of the movable baffle plate component 23 is sealed through a silica gel layer and the like. The flapper assembly 23, the atomization chamber sidewall 22, and the support plate 41 enclose to form an isolation zone.

A further optimized technical solution of this embodiment is that, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the movable baffle assembly 23 specifically includes an inner baffle 231 and an outer baffle 232, and the inner baffle 231 and the outer baffle 232 are integrally disposed. The bottom end of the side surface of the outer baffle 232 is provided with an inclined surface. The lowermost ends of the inner baffle 231 and the outer baffle 232 are subjected to sealing layer treatment by elastic corrosion-resistant materials such as a silica gel layer.

The further optimized technical scheme of this embodiment is that, be equipped with the socket in drawer 4's the closing plate 42, the upper end of backup pad 41 is equipped with horizontal cover plate 33, and horizontal cover plate 33 can follow the socket in the closing plate 42 and insert for the orientation piece that awaits measuring of protection after accomplishing organic saturation process prevents in waiting for the test process, because the test error that organic matter volatilizees and cause. The use method of the cover plate comprises the following steps: the cover plate 33 is inserted into the sealing plate 42 jack on one side of the drawer 4 after the saturation process is finished, the top of the cover plate pushes the movable baffle plate assembly 23 open to be gradually inserted into the drawer 4 along with the insertion of the cover plate 33, then the movable baffle plate assembly 23 enters the atomization box, the elastic part 25 on the upper part of the movable baffle plate assembly 23 is compressed, and then the sealing performance between the cover plate 33 and the movable baffle plate assembly 23 can be ensured. On the contrary, when the drawer 4 is pulled out from the atomization box, the elastic part 25 is stretched under the action of the gravity of the movable baffle plate assembly 23, and the movable baffle plate assembly 23 is pulled down until the elastic part is contacted with the surface of the supporting plate 41 to block the insertion opening, so that the atomization box is sealed.

According to a further optimized technical scheme of the embodiment, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, a plurality of placing grooves are arranged in the supporting plate 41 at intervals, the placing grooves are grooves, the glass slides 17 are arranged in the placing grooves, and the anti-corrosion cushion blocks 18 are arranged on the supporting plate 41 between the adjacent glass slides 17.

During the use, pending clay mineral directional piece or slide glass place in the standing groove of backup pad 41, once can handle 200 samples, and sealed adjustable fender subassembly 23 is added to drawer 4 opening part, can guarantee that drawer 4 takes out the leakproofness of back atomizer box 22. The inner side of the drawer 4 is low, the outer side of the drawer 4 is high, so that the drawer 4 is prevented from rubbing with sealing materials to pollute a sample when being inserted into the atomization box 22, and meanwhile, the drawer is provided with the cover plate 33, so that the organic solvent in the sample to be tested is prevented from volatilizing after atomization treatment and during sampling test.

The further optimized technical scheme of this embodiment is that the atomizer 16 is arranged on the upper portion of the atomization box 22, the atomizer 16 contains a glycol or glycerol solution, and the upper portion of the atomization box 22 is further provided with a release valve 20.

The further optimized technical scheme of this embodiment is that, be equipped with a plurality of glass observation windows 21 on the atomizer box 22 wall of drawer 4 side of inserting, glass observation window 21 adopts transparent material preparation, and of course, glass observation window 21 also can set up in adjustable fender subassembly 23 to the convenient inside condition of atomizer box 22 is observed.

The further optimized technical scheme of this embodiment is that specifically, the spray assembly includes a conduit 5, the upper end of the conduit 5 is communicated with the atomizer 16, a plurality of horizontally arranged spray branch pipes 51 are communicated with the conduit 5, and both the conduit 5 and the spray branch pipes 51 are hoses, so that the spray assembly can be stretched in the moving process. The tail end of the spraying branch pipe 51 is connected with a spraying head 26, and a guide pipe valve 2 is arranged on the guide pipe 5. The other end of the conduit 5 is connected with an atomizer 16, the atomizer 16 is filled with glycol or glycerol solution, and the atomizer 16 atomizes at normal temperature without influencing the performance of the glycol and the glycerol. In the process of organic solvent saturation, a low-pressure saturation mode is adopted, and the air pressure in the atomization box is maintained at about 6.6Pa through a vacuum pump. The atomization box is kept at a constant temperature of 30 ℃.

The further optimized technical solution of this embodiment is that the spraying branch pipe 51 can be set as a retractable organ pipe, so as to be retractable and stretchable.

According to a further optimized technical scheme of the embodiment, as shown in fig. 12, the moving assembly comprises an upper layer and a lower layer of L-shaped x-direction support 15, a support rod 27 and a y-direction support 7 are further arranged between the upper layer and the lower layer of x-direction support 15, a first guide rail 28 is arranged on one side of the x-direction support 15, a first lead screw 29 is arranged on the other side of the x-direction support, one end of the first lead screw 29 is connected with the y-direction moving motor 14, a second lead screw 30 is sleeved in the middle of the support rod 27, and the other end of the second lead screw 30 is connected with the x-direction moving motor 6.

According to a further optimized technical solution of this embodiment, the L-shaped x-directional bracket 15 includes a first fixing plate 151 and a second fixing plate 152, the first fixing plate 151 and the second fixing plate 152 are vertically disposed in the same plane, the first lead screw 29 is disposed on the side of the first fixing plate 151 of the upper x-directional bracket 15, and the first guide rail 28 is disposed on the side of the second fixing plate 152 and fixed by the inner wall of the atomization box 22. Guide rails are provided on both sides of the first fixing plate 151 and the second fixing plate 152 of the upper x-bracket 15.

The further optimized technical scheme of this embodiment is that the x-direction support 15 is driven by the x-direction moving motor 6 and the second screw rod 30 to move back and forth, and the y-direction support 7 is driven by the y-direction moving motor 14 and the first screw rod 14 to move left and right. The fixing rod 32 has one end fixedly connected to the y-direction support 7 and the other end fixedly connected to the shower head 26, thereby controlling the movement of the x-direction support 15 or the y-direction moving motor 14 by a servo motor, such as the x-direction moving motor 6 or the y-direction moving motor 14. The position of the spray head 5 is controlled by servo motors (an x-direction moving motor 6 and a y-direction moving motor 14), so that the horizontal and vertical moving spray in the same plane can be realized, the uniform spray of glycol or glycerol water mist on each position on the glass slide can be ensured, and the servo motors are controlled by an external controller (the controller controls the operation of the motors and the like, belongs to the common knowledge in the field and is not repeated again).

The further optimized technical scheme of this embodiment is that a vacuumizing assembly is arranged on one side of the atomization box 22, and the vacuumizing assembly is mainly used for removing residual glycol in the atomization box 22 after saturation treatment is finished. The boiling point of the ethylene glycol is reduced to about 70 ℃ by adopting low-pressure heating, and the bottom of the atomization box 22 is provided with a heating device which can be specifically set as a heating element 8 for heating the temperature in the atomization box 22 to gasify the ethylene glycol. After the ethylene glycol is gasified, the vacuum pump 9 is started, and the ethylene glycol gas is pumped out of the atomization box 22 and can be recovered through the condensing device, so that the cyclic utilization is realized. The condensing means may be provided as a condensing pipe.

Specifically, evacuation subassembly includes header tank 31, and mutual intercommunication in header tank 31 passes through exhaust tube 12 and the atomizer box 22, and exhaust tube 12 upper portion is equipped with exhaust tube valve 13, and the lower extreme and the condenser pipe 11 of exhaust tube 12 are connected, and condenser pipe 11 lower extreme extends to in the hydrops bottle 10, and collector bottle 10 one side and vacuum pump 9 are connected. The water inlet and the water outlet of the condensation pipe 11 are both arranged outside the liquid collecting tank 31.

Example 2

The clay mineral directional sheet atomization treatment method is carried out by adopting the treatment equipment in the embodiment 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) firstly checking the air tightness of the atomization treatment device: directly inserting an empty drawer 4 into an atomization box 22, closing a conduit valve 2 and an air release valve 20, opening a vacuum pump 9, opening an exhaust pipe valve 13, pumping the atomization box 22 into negative pressure without opening cooling water, closing the exhaust pipe valve 13, closing the vacuum pump 9, observing the reading of an air pressure sensor 1, keeping the vacuum degree in the atomization box 22 unchanged continuously, and indicating that the air tightness is normal, so that the air-tight atomization box can be used normally;

(2) and carrying out organic solvent ethylene glycol and glycerin saturation treatment: placing the clay mineral coated directional sheet 17 into the drawer 4, inserting the drawer 4 into the atomization box 22, pumping the atomization box 22 to 6.6Pa according to the operation method in the step (1), closing the valve 13, and closing the vacuum pump 9;

(3) starting an x-direction moving motor 6 and a y-direction moving motor 14, enabling a y-direction support 7 and an x-direction support 15 to drive a guide pipe 5 to move back and forth above a drawer 4 as required, opening an atomizer 16, arranging a valve 2 on the guide pipe as required, and carrying out atomization spraying on the sample;

(4) opening the heating element 8, heating to 30 ℃, keeping constant temperature and constant pressure, and sealing for 48 hours to reach the saturation of the organic solvent in the clay mineral to be detected;

(5) sampling and XRD testing: opening the vacuum pump 9, opening the exhaust pipe valve 13 without opening cooling water, pumping residual air in the atomization box 22 away, closing the exhaust pipe valve 13, closing the vacuum pump 9, opening the air release valve 20, taking out a sample to be tested in the drawer 4 for XRD test, putting the sample to be tested back into the atomization box, and inserting the cover plate 33 to prevent organic molecules entering the mineral lattices from volatilizing;

(6) and after the saturation treatment, cleaning the atomization box 22: directly inserting an empty drawer 19 into an atomization box 22, closing a conduit valve 2 and an air release valve 20, opening a vacuum pump 9, opening an air suction pipe valve 13, not opening cooling water, pumping residual air in the atomization box 22 away, closing the air suction pipe valve 13, and closing the vacuum pump 9;

the atomization box 22 is heated through the heating element 8, the situation in the atomization box 22 is known through the air pressure sensor 1 and the temperature sensor 3, the ethylene glycol residue situation is confirmed through the glass observation window 21, the cooling water is opened, the vacuum pump 9 is opened, the exhaust pipe valve 13 is opened, and the ethylene glycol steam in the atomization box 22 is pumped away.

As shown in fig. 13, XRD diffraction contrast of the clay mineral directional plate atomization processing device of the present invention and other methods of ethylene glycol saturation processing is shown. By adopting the XRD diffraction contrast diagram of the device and other methods for glycol saturation treatment, the glycol saturation degree treated by the device is obviously better than that of the traditional dripping method.

Example 3

An atomization processing method of clay mineral directional sheets is similar to that of embodiment 1, except that, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, a sealing block 43 is fixedly connected to the inner side of a sealing plate 42, the sealing block 43 is a right-angled triangle sealing block, and the outer side plate surface of the sealing block 43 is obliquely arranged. The corresponding insertion ports of the sealing block 43 and the sealing plate 42 are also provided with corresponding insertion ports, so that the cover plate can be conveniently inserted. The inner side of the wall of the atomization box 22 positioned at the upper part of the sealing block 43 is provided with a movable baffle plate assembly 23. The movable baffle plate assembly comprises an inner baffle plate 231 and an outer baffle plate 232, and the inner baffle plate 231 and the outer baffle plate 232 are arranged in a separated mode. Inlayer baffle 231 and the adjacent and parallel arrangement of outer baffle 232, inlayer baffle 231 and outer baffle 232 length are the same, and outer baffle 232 bottom lateral surface sets up the inclined plane, and this inclined plane matches each other with the sealed piece outside slope face of triangle-shaped. After the drawer 4 is inserted from the insertion opening 221, because sealed piece 43 and outer baffle 232 all are equipped with the inclined plane, consequently can be along with the gradual entering of drawer 4, the spring pushes up gradually, and adjacent inclined plane can laminate completely, forms the isolation region between sealed piece 43 and outer baffle 232 and the inlayer baffle 231, realizes atomizing case 4's complete sealing, further strengthens the sealed effect in the atomizing case 4.

It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for distinguishing and semi-quantitatively analyzing different types of montmorillonite in a geological sample, comprising the steps of:

(1) enriching and extracting clay minerals from geological samples;

(2) preparing an original orientation plate, an Mg saturation plate, a K saturation plate and an ethylene glycol saturation orientation plate, and carrying out XRD analysis, wherein the preparation method of the ethylene glycol saturation orientation plate comprises the following steps: putting the prepared Mg saturated sheet into an ethylene glycol atomization box, adding an ethylene glycol solution, and atomizing to obtain an ethylene glycol saturated oriented sheet;

(3) putting the original oriented sheet into HCl solution, heating to 65-75 ℃ to dissolve and remove Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite, wherein the HCl solution is 2-4 mol/L;

(4) carrying out Mg saturation and ethylene glycol atomization treatment on the sample from which Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite are removed in the step (3), and preparing an ethylene glycol saturation directional sheet again, wherein the ethylene glycol saturation directional sheet is prepared by using a clay mineral directional sheet atomization treatment device and specifically comprises an atomization box, an atomizer is arranged outside the atomization box, a sensor and a spray assembly are arranged in the atomization box, one end of the spray assembly is horizontally arranged in the atomization box, the other end of the spray assembly extends to the outside of the atomization box, the spray assembly can change the spraying position through a servo motor and a moving assembly to realize horizontal and vertical moving spraying, a heating device is arranged at the bottom in the atomization box, the sensor comprises an air pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, the air pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged at the upper part in the atomization box, a storage rack is arranged in the atomization box, and the storage rack comprises a plurality of L-shaped drawers which are arranged up and down, the drawer comprises a horizontally arranged supporting plate, one end of the supporting plate is vertically connected with a sealing plate, a sealing block is arranged on the inner side of the sealing plate, the sealing block is a triangular sealing block, and the outer side plate surface of the sealing block is obliquely arranged;

(5) carrying out XRD test and semi-quantitative analysis on ethylene glycol saturated oriented sheets prepared before and after HCl is dissolved;

(6) calculating the relative content of all clay minerals:

(6.1) calculating the relative content of each clay mineral in the ethylene glycol saturated oriented sheets, the relative content being determined according to montmorillonite (chlorite + kaolinite) illite =1:2: 4;

(6.2) removing Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite in the original oriented sheets;

(6.3) subjecting the sample from which Ca-montmorillonite and chlorite were removed to Mg saturation and ethylene glycol atomization; (6.4) calculating the relative content of each clay mineral after the Ca-montmorillonite and the chlorite are removed, and calculating the content of the ethylene glycol saturated oriented sheets after the Ca-montmorillonite and the chlorite are removed according to the method in the step (6.1) to obtain the relative content of Na-montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite;

and (6.5) calculating according to the results of the steps (6.1) and (6.4) to obtain the relative content of each mineral.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the geological sample of step (1) is crushed to remove organic cement and/or carbonate cement and/or gypsum mineral, centrifuged, eluted to neutrality, and the clay fraction with a particle size of less than 2 μm is extracted.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein hydrogen peroxide is used to remove organic cements and acetic acid is used to remove carbonate cements.

4. The method for distinguishing and semi-quantitatively analyzing different types of montmorillonite in geological samples according to claim 1, wherein the Mg saturation sheet in the step (2) is prepared by adding a solution containing magnesium ions into a clay-containing suspension, performing Mg2+ interlayer cation replacement treatment, centrifuging and eluting after Mg2+ sufficiently replaces the interlayer cations of the 2:1 swelling clay minerals, and preparing the Mg saturation sheet.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the K saturation sheet in step (2) is prepared by adding a potassium ion-containing solution to a clay-containing suspension, centrifuging and eluting after K + has sufficiently replaced interlayer cations of the 2:1 swelling clay mineral, and preparing the K saturation sheet.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the K-saturation sheet in step (2) is heated at 150 ℃, 300 ℃ and 550 ℃ respectively and then subjected to XRD analysis, and compared with the XRD results of the original oriented sheets to identify chlorite and kaolinite.

7. The method for distinguishing and semi-quantitatively analyzing different types of montmorillonite in geological samples according to claim 1, wherein the glycol saturated oriented sheet prepared in step (2) is atomized by adding glycol solution under constant temperature condition and kept for 4 days.

8. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for the differentiation and identification of different types of smectites.