CN113358342A - Bolt monitoring system and method for wind generating set - Google Patents
Bolt monitoring system and method for wind generating set Download PDFInfo
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- CN113358342A CN113358342A CN202110713704.3A CN202110713704A CN113358342A CN 113358342 A CN113358342 A CN 113358342A CN 202110713704 A CN202110713704 A CN 202110713704A CN 113358342 A CN113358342 A CN 113358342A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
The invention provides a bolt monitoring system and method for a wind generating set, which comprises a vibration acceleration sensor, data acquisition and analysis equipment and an upper computer, wherein each bolt monitoring area of the wind generating set is provided with the vibration acceleration sensor which is used for acquiring a corresponding bolt vibration signal and transmitting the acquired bolt vibration signal to the data acquisition and analysis equipment; the data acquisition and analysis equipment is used for denoising, amplifying and carrying out digital-to-analog conversion on the received bolt vibration signal to obtain a data signal, and then transmitting the data signal to an upper computer; the upper computer is used for processing according to the received data signals to obtain bolt state early warning; the system related by the invention does not influence the later maintenance of the bolt when in use, and is beneficial to improving the accuracy of subsequent early warning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation, and particularly relates to a bolt monitoring system and method for a wind generating set.
Background
Bolt connection is a very common work piece connected mode, the connection of each part of wind turbine generator system at present generally is connected through high strength bolt, for example between blade and the wheel hub, between wheel hub and the main shaft and between two sections of tower section of thick bamboo, etc. in the life cycle of wind turbine generator system 20 years, the local bolt looseness incident that leads to because of the alternating load that the changeable and the uncertainty of wind brought takes place occasionally, if do not discover in time after some local bolt looseness of junction, often can lead to the further expansion of accident, can cause the emergence of malignant accidents such as the unit collapse even.
At present, most of bolt monitoring methods of wind generating sets are distinguished according to physical characteristic changes, and mainly comprise a torque detection method, a resistance strain gauge electrical measurement method and a surface mount photoelastic method. For torque detection methods, it is difficult to accurately detect the torque due to the friction between the bolt and the workpiece being joined. For the electrical method of the resistance strain gauge, the resistance strain gauge needs to be installed on a bolt, and the later maintenance of the bolt is easily influenced. The patch photoelastic method requires placing a bolt test piece on a light path, which is difficult to implement in practical situations and has a high cost. Therefore, it becomes important to invent a bolt monitoring method for a wind turbine generator system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bolt monitoring system and method for a wind generating set, and solves the problems that the bolt monitoring misdiagnosis rate is high and the later maintenance of bolts is easily interfered in the existing bolt monitoring method for the wind generating set.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a bolt monitoring system of a wind generating set, which comprises a vibration acceleration sensor, data acquisition and analysis equipment and an upper computer, wherein each bolt monitoring area of the wind generating set is provided with the vibration acceleration sensor for acquiring a corresponding bolt vibration signal and transmitting the acquired bolt vibration signal to the data acquisition and analysis equipment;
the data acquisition and analysis equipment is used for denoising, amplifying and carrying out digital-to-analog conversion on the received bolt vibration signal to obtain a data signal, and then transmitting the data signal to an upper computer;
and the upper computer is used for processing according to the received data signal to obtain bolt state early warning.
Preferably, the data acquisition and analysis equipment comprises a real-time acquisition module, a preliminary processing module, an automatic storage module, an A/D conversion module and an instant transmission module; the real-time acquisition module is used for acquiring a bolt vibration signal acquired by the vibration acceleration sensor in real time; the primary processing module is used for carrying out denoising and amplification processing on the collected bolt vibration signals; the automatic storage module is used for storing the bolt vibration signals subjected to denoising and amplification processing; the A/D conversion module is used for performing digital-to-analog conversion on the denoised and amplified bolt vibration signal; and the instant transmission module is used for instantly transmitting the bolt vibration signal after the digital-to-analog conversion to the upper computer.
Preferably, the preliminary processing module comprises a differential amplification unit and a filtering unit, wherein the input end of the filtering unit is connected with the output end of the real-time acquisition module; the output end of the filtering unit is connected with the input end of the differential amplification unit; and the output end of the differential amplification unit is respectively connected with the automatic storage module and the A/D conversion module.
Preferably, the data acquisition and analysis equipment is arranged on a tower bottom platform of the wind generating set.
A wind generating set bolt monitoring method is based on the wind generating set bolt monitoring system and comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively acquiring an initial bolt vibration signal of each bolt of a wind generating set in an initial working state and a working bolt vibration signal of the bolt in a plurality of working time states;
step 2, calculating the phase difference of the bolt according to the obtained initial bolt vibration signal and the working bolt vibration signal;
and 3, comparing the calculated phase difference with a preset phase difference, and judging the working state of the bolt according to the comparison result.
Preferably, in step 2, the phase difference of the bolt is calculated according to the obtained initial bolt vibration signal and the working bolt vibration signal, and the specific method is as follows:
s21, respectively carrying out frequency domain analysis on the obtained initial bolt vibration signal and the obtained working bolt vibration signal to obtain initial frequency spectrum distribution and working frequency spectrum distribution;
s22, respectively establishing an initial bolt vibration oscillogram and a working bolt vibration oscillogram according to the initial frequency spectrum distribution and the working frequency spectrum distribution;
s23, respectively extracting sinusoidal signals in the initial bolt vibration oscillogram and the working bolt vibration oscillogram to obtain an initial bolt vibration sinusoidal signal and a working bolt vibration sinusoidal signal;
and S24, calculating the difference between the initial bolt vibration sine signal and the working bolt vibration sine signal to obtain the phase difference corresponding to the bolt.
Preferably, in step 3, the method for acquiring the preset phase difference includes:
s31, respectively acquiring a loose bolt vibration signal in an abnormal bolt state and a normal bolt vibration signal in a normal bolt state;
s32, respectively carrying out frequency domain analysis on the obtained abnormal bolt vibration signal and the normal bolt vibration signal to obtain abnormal frequency spectrum distribution and normal frequency spectrum distribution;
s32, respectively establishing an abnormal bolt vibration oscillogram and a normal bolt vibration oscillogram according to the abnormal frequency spectrum distribution and the normal frequency spectrum distribution;
s33, extracting sinusoidal signals in the abnormal bolt vibration oscillogram and the normal bolt vibration oscillogram respectively to obtain an abnormal bolt vibration sinusoidal signal and a normal bolt vibration sinusoidal signal;
and S34, calculating the difference between the abnormal bolt vibration sinusoidal signal and the normal bolt vibration sinusoidal signal to obtain the phase difference corresponding to the bolt, and taking the phase difference as the preset phase difference.
A wind generating set bolt monitoring device comprising a processor and a computer program operable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method when executing the computer program
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the vibration acceleration sensor as a data acquisition source to collect bolt data, has more convenient installation and signal acquisition modes, has low requirement on environment, is more suitable for bolt loosening diagnosis of a wind generating set, has more flexible arrangement mode compared with a resistance strain gauge electrical measurement method, does not influence the normal use of the bolt, and does not influence the later maintenance of the bolt.
According to the invention, the vibration signal of the loosened bolt extracted in the bolt loosening state is used as a monitoring and judging basis, and then the phase difference between the vibration signal of the used bolt in the bolt using state and the vibration signal of the used bolt is calculated, so that the bolt state of the wind generating set can be monitored in real time, and the later maintenance of the bolt can be further facilitated; in addition, the vibration signal is adopted as an analysis monitoring mode, and compared with a judgment method according to physical characteristic change, the bolt monitoring accuracy is higher; meanwhile, through carrying out contrastive analysis on the phases of the signals, a novel mode for analyzing the tightness state of the bolt is provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for monitoring bolts of a wind turbine generator system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a bolt monitoring device of a wind generating set, which comprises a vibration acceleration sensor, data acquisition and analysis equipment and an upper computer, wherein each bolt monitoring area of the wind generating set is provided with the vibration acceleration sensor for acquiring a corresponding bolt vibration signal and transmitting the acquired bolt vibration signal to the data acquisition and analysis equipment.
The data acquisition and analysis equipment is used for denoising, amplifying and carrying out digital-to-analog conversion on the received bolt vibration signal to obtain a data signal, and then transmitting the data signal to the upper computer.
And the upper computer is used for processing according to the received data signal to obtain bolt state early warning.
The data acquisition and analysis equipment is arranged on a tower bottom platform of the wind generating set.
The vibration acceleration sensor is specifically a DH105E piezoelectric low-frequency acceleration sensor and mainly comprises an elastic member, a damper, a small mass block, a sensitive member and a blending circuit.
The data acquisition and analysis equipment is specifically a DH5910 firm dynamic data acquisition and analysis system, and mainly comprises a real-time acquisition module, a preliminary processing module, an automatic storage module, an A/D conversion module and an instant transmission module; the real-time acquisition module is used for acquiring a bolt vibration signal acquired by the vibration acceleration sensor in real time; the primary processing module is used for carrying out denoising and amplification processing on the collected bolt vibration signals by utilizing the differential amplification unit and the filtering unit; the automatic storage module is used for storing the bolt vibration signals subjected to denoising and amplification processing; the A/D conversion module is used for performing digital-to-analog conversion on the denoised and amplified bolt vibration signal; and the instant transmission module is used for instantly transmitting the bolt vibration signal after the digital-to-analog conversion to the upper computer.
The differential amplification unit is specifically eight independent differential input program control gain amplifiers; the filter unit comprises a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter, the high-pass filter is a second-order high-pass IIR digital filter, and the low-pass filter is an IIR low-pass digital trap.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for monitoring the bolt of the wind generating set provided by the invention comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, respectively acquiring an initial bolt vibration signal of each bolt of a wind generating set in an initial working state and a working bolt vibration signal of the bolt in a plurality of working time states;
step 2, calculating the phase difference of the bolt according to the obtained initial bolt vibration signal and the working bolt vibration signal;
and 3, comparing the calculated phase difference with a preset phase difference, and judging the working state of the bolt according to the comparison result.
Further, in step 2, the phase difference of the bolt is calculated according to the obtained initial bolt vibration signal and the working bolt vibration signal, and the specific method is as follows:
s21, respectively carrying out frequency domain analysis on the obtained initial bolt vibration signal and the obtained working bolt vibration signal to obtain initial frequency spectrum distribution and working frequency spectrum distribution;
s22, respectively establishing an initial bolt vibration oscillogram and a working bolt vibration oscillogram according to the initial frequency spectrum distribution and the working frequency spectrum distribution;
s23, respectively extracting sinusoidal signals in the initial bolt vibration oscillogram and the working bolt vibration oscillogram to obtain an initial bolt vibration sinusoidal signal and a working bolt vibration sinusoidal signal;
and S24, calculating the difference between the initial bolt vibration sine signal and the working bolt vibration sine signal to obtain the phase difference corresponding to the bolt.
In step 3, the method for acquiring the preset phase difference comprises the following steps:
s31, respectively acquiring a loose bolt vibration signal in an abnormal bolt state and a normal bolt vibration signal in a normal bolt state;
s32, respectively carrying out frequency domain analysis on the obtained abnormal bolt vibration signal and the normal bolt vibration signal to obtain abnormal frequency spectrum distribution and normal frequency spectrum distribution;
s32, respectively establishing an abnormal bolt vibration oscillogram and a normal bolt vibration oscillogram according to the abnormal frequency spectrum distribution and the normal frequency spectrum distribution;
s33, extracting sinusoidal signals in the abnormal bolt vibration oscillogram and the normal bolt vibration oscillogram respectively to obtain an abnormal bolt vibration sinusoidal signal and a normal bolt vibration sinusoidal signal;
and S34, calculating the difference between the abnormal bolt vibration sinusoidal signal and the normal bolt vibration sinusoidal signal to obtain the phase difference corresponding to the bolt, and taking the phase difference as the preset phase difference.
In S33, an abnormal bolt vibration sinusoidal signal is acquired using the following formula:
x(t)＝A sin(ωt+φ1)
acquiring a normal bolt vibration sinusoidal signal by using the following formula:
y(t)＝B sin(ωt+φ2)
wherein, A and B both represent maximum acceleration; ω represents the amount of sinusoidal signal angular velocity; phi is a1And phi2Both represent initial phase angles.
In S34, the phase difference is calculated using the following equation:
Vφ＝(φ1-φ2)
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the vibration sensor is adopted as a data acquisition source to collect bolt data, the mounting and signal acquisition mode is more convenient, the requirement on environment is not high, the vibration sensor is more suitable for bolt loosening diagnosis of the wind generating set, and compared with a resistance strain gauge electrical measurement method, the arrangement mode of the vibration sensor is more flexible, so that the normal use of the bolt cannot be influenced, and meanwhile, the later maintenance of the bolt cannot be influenced;
2. according to the invention, the vibration signal of the loosened bolt extracted in the bolt loosening state is used as a monitoring and judging basis, and then the phase difference between the vibration signal of the used bolt in the bolt using state and the vibration signal of the used bolt is calculated, so that the bolt state of the wind generating set can be monitored in real time, and the later maintenance of the bolt can be further facilitated; in addition, the vibration signal is adopted as an analysis monitoring mode, and compared with a judgment method according to physical characteristic change, the bolt monitoring accuracy is higher;
3. the invention provides a novel mode for analyzing the tightness state of the bolt by comparing and analyzing the phases of signals.
The bolt monitoring equipment for the wind generating set can be computing equipment such as a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer and a cloud server. The wind generating set bolt monitoring equipment can comprise, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory. ........
The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, etc. ........
Claims (8)
1. A wind generating set bolt monitoring system is characterized by comprising a vibration acceleration sensor, data acquisition and analysis equipment and an upper computer, wherein each bolt monitoring area of a wind generating set is provided with the vibration acceleration sensor for acquiring a corresponding bolt vibration signal and transmitting the acquired bolt vibration signal to the data acquisition and analysis equipment;
the data acquisition and analysis equipment is used for denoising, amplifying and carrying out digital-to-analog conversion on the received bolt vibration signal to obtain a data signal, and then transmitting the data signal to an upper computer;
and the upper computer is used for processing according to the received data signal to obtain bolt state early warning.
2. The wind generating set bolt monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the data acquisition and analysis equipment comprises a real-time acquisition module, a preliminary processing module, an automatic storage module, an A/D conversion module and an instant transmission module; the real-time acquisition module is used for acquiring a bolt vibration signal acquired by the vibration acceleration sensor in real time; the primary processing module is used for carrying out denoising and amplification processing on the collected bolt vibration signals; the automatic storage module is used for storing the bolt vibration signals subjected to denoising and amplification processing; the A/D conversion module is used for performing digital-to-analog conversion on the denoised and amplified bolt vibration signal; and the instant transmission module is used for instantly transmitting the bolt vibration signal after the digital-to-analog conversion to the upper computer.
3. The wind generating set bolt monitoring system of claim 2, wherein the preliminary processing module comprises a differential amplification unit and a filtering unit, wherein an input end of the filtering unit is connected with an output end of the real-time acquisition module; the output end of the filtering unit is connected with the input end of the differential amplification unit; and the output end of the differential amplification unit is respectively connected with the automatic storage module and the A/D conversion module.
4. The wind turbine bolt monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the data acquisition and analysis equipment is disposed on a tower bottom platform of the wind turbine.
5. A wind generating set bolt monitoring method is characterized in that the wind generating set bolt monitoring system based on any one of claims 1-4 comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively acquiring an initial bolt vibration signal of each bolt of a wind generating set in an initial working state and a working bolt vibration signal of the bolt in a plurality of working time states;
step 2, calculating the phase difference of the bolt according to the obtained initial bolt vibration signal and the working bolt vibration signal;
and 3, comparing the calculated phase difference with a preset phase difference, and judging the working state of the bolt according to the comparison result.
6. The method for monitoring the bolt of the wind generating set according to claim 5, wherein in the step 2, the phase difference of the bolt is calculated according to the obtained initial bolt vibration signal and the working bolt vibration signal, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
s21, respectively carrying out frequency domain analysis on the obtained initial bolt vibration signal and the obtained working bolt vibration signal to obtain initial frequency spectrum distribution and working frequency spectrum distribution;
s22, respectively establishing an initial bolt vibration oscillogram and a working bolt vibration oscillogram according to the initial frequency spectrum distribution and the working frequency spectrum distribution;
s23, respectively extracting sinusoidal signals in the initial bolt vibration oscillogram and the working bolt vibration oscillogram to obtain an initial bolt vibration sinusoidal signal and a working bolt vibration sinusoidal signal;
and S24, calculating the difference between the initial bolt vibration sine signal and the working bolt vibration sine signal to obtain the phase difference corresponding to the bolt.
7. The wind generating set bolt monitoring method according to claim 5, wherein in the step 3, the preset phase difference is obtained by:
s31, respectively acquiring a loose bolt vibration signal in an abnormal bolt state and a normal bolt vibration signal in a normal bolt state;
s32, respectively carrying out frequency domain analysis on the obtained abnormal bolt vibration signal and the normal bolt vibration signal to obtain abnormal frequency spectrum distribution and normal frequency spectrum distribution;
s32, respectively establishing an abnormal bolt vibration oscillogram and a normal bolt vibration oscillogram according to the abnormal frequency spectrum distribution and the normal frequency spectrum distribution;
s33, extracting sinusoidal signals in the abnormal bolt vibration oscillogram and the normal bolt vibration oscillogram respectively to obtain an abnormal bolt vibration sinusoidal signal and a normal bolt vibration sinusoidal signal;
and S34, calculating the difference between the abnormal bolt vibration sinusoidal signal and the normal bolt vibration sinusoidal signal to obtain the phase difference corresponding to the bolt, and taking the phase difference as the preset phase difference.
8. Wind turbine generator system bolt monitoring device comprising a processor and a computer program operable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the computer program performs the steps of the method according to any of claims 5-7.
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Effective date of registration: 20231218 Address after: 102209 building a, Huaneng talent innovation and entrepreneurship base, Beiqijia future science and Technology City, Changping District, Beijing Patentee after: HUANENG CLEAN ENERGY Research Institute Patentee after: Huaneng Jilin Power Generation Co.,Ltd. Address before: 102209 building a, Huaneng talent innovation and entrepreneurship base, future science and Technology City, Beiqijia Town, Changping District, Beijing Patentee before: HUANENG CLEAN ENERGY Research Institute |
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