CN113356956A - Friction system, method for producing a friction system, and internal combustion engine having a friction system - Google Patents

Friction system, method for producing a friction system, and internal combustion engine having a friction system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113356956A
CN113356956A CN202110235549.9A CN202110235549A CN113356956A CN 113356956 A CN113356956 A CN 113356956A CN 202110235549 A CN202110235549 A CN 202110235549A CN 113356956 A CN113356956 A CN 113356956A
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China
Prior art keywords
weight
friction system
valve
nickel
contact surface
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CN202110235549.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
阿明·盖斯
亚历山大·普克
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Mahle International GmbH
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Mahle International GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/36—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
    • C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a friction system (1) comprising a valve seat ring (5) having a first contact surface (4) and a valve (7) having a second contact surface (6). The second contact surface (6) of the valve (7) can be placed on the first contact surface (4) of the valve seat ring (5) to close the valve opening (8). The second contact surface (6) of the valve (7) is arranged in a first seat area (9) of the valve (7). In this case, the valve (7) in the seat area (9) has a seat (10) containing a high nickel content or containing a nickel-based material, the seat (10) being plated/coated with a nickel-based plating layer (11) to form the second contact surface (6).

Description

Friction system, method for producing a friction system, and internal combustion engine having a friction system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a friction system, a method for producing the friction system and an internal combustion engine having the friction system.
Background
For some time, internal combustion engines have been designed with gas exchange elements comprising valves, wherein these valves can be arranged on a valve seat ring to close gas exchange passages of the respective gas exchange element of the internal combustion engine. In this case, these valves and the valve seat rings form a friction system, which usually has high requirements with regard to the wear resistance of the components, i.e. the valves and the valve seat rings, which can be in contact with each other, as well as the heat and chemical resistance of said components. In order to better meet these high demands, valves which are galvanised or coated with a coating in the region of the valve seat have been used for some time. High nickel content or nickel based valve materials are typically used. In these high nickel content or nickel-based valve materials, such coatings typically have a high cobalt content.
In this case, the high price of the cobalt-containing plating material has an adverse effect on the manufacturing cost of the valve of the friction system, and therefore also on the manufacturing cost of the friction system itself. In addition, such valves, which are typically high nickel content valves or valves made of nickel-based materials plated with high cobalt content plating materials, are difficult to mechanically rework, thereby achieving high production tolerances, which makes it difficult to mass produce these valves.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is therefore to propose a new solution for a friction system, a method for manufacturing the friction system and an internal combustion engine with the friction system, in order to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages in particular.
The basic idea of the invention is therefore to electroplate the valves of the tribological system using a nickel-based electroplating material. Therefore, the main component of the plating material is nickel.
Advantageously, this has a cost-reducing effect on the manufacturing costs of the valve and therefore also on the friction system with the whole valve. In addition, valves with high nickel content or valves made from nickel-based materials plated with nickel-based plating can advantageously be mechanically reworked. Thus, the wear properties of the friction system can also be improved.
The friction system according to the invention can preferably be used for gas exchange components of internal combustion engines, which comprise a valve seat ring. The valve seat ring has a first contact surface. Further, the friction system includes a valve having a second contact surface. The second contact surface of the valve may be disposed on the first contact surface of the valve seat ring to close the valve opening. The second contact surface of the valve is arranged in the seat area of the valve. The valve in the seat area has a high nickel content or a base comprising a nickel-based material, which is plated/coated with a nickel-based plating to form the second contact surface. Therefore, as described earlier, a cost advantage can be advantageously obtained as compared with the conventional friction system. Furthermore, the valves of the friction system plated with the nickel-based plating can advantageously be mechanically reworked, so that high manufacturing tolerances can be achieved in an improved manner in particular.
According to a preferred embodiment, the coating comprises more than 30 wt.%, preferably at least 50 wt.%, most preferably at least 52 wt.% nickel. With such a high nickel content, the production of the coating is particularly cost-effective.
Advantageously, the nickel-based coating of the valve as an additional component contains at most 3% by weight of carbon in addition to the nickel fraction forming the main constituent of the coating. Advantageously, this improves the sliding properties of the second contact surface of the valve.
According to a further development of the advantageous friction system, the nickel-based coating contains iron as an additional component in an amount of up to 10% by weight. Thus, a particularly high-strength coating can be advantageously achieved.
According to a further advantageous development of the friction system, the nickel-based coating contains up to 30% by weight of chromium as an additional component. This has a favorable effect on the corrosion resistance of the coating.
In a further advantageous development of the friction system, the nickel-based coating contains molybdenum as an additional component in an amount of up to 9 wt.%. Therefore, the wear resistance of the coating or friction system can be advantageously improved.
Particularly preferably, the coating consists of the main component nickel and at least one additional component as described above as preferred, namely carbon, iron, chromium and molybdenum.
The friction system according to the invention proposed herein also explicitly comprises variants having impurities due to the manufacturing process, the weight fraction of impurities being at most 0.2%, wherein the impurities are formed of a substance different from the main component nickel and the additional components as described previously.
In a further development of the further advantageous tribological system, the seat of the valve with a high nickel content or containing a nickel-based material contains or consists of the material with the material number 2.4952. This makes it possible to obtain a particularly heat-resistant construction of the valve of the friction system.
According to a further development of the further advantageous friction system, the valve is configured as a poppet valve having a valve disk and a valve stem projecting perpendicularly from the valve disk. In this case, the valve disk includes a seat and a coating that is coated with the second contact surface. Such a valve is particularly suitable for use in friction systems in internal combustion engines.
In a further development of the further advantageous friction system, the valve seat ring is made of a sintered material. Such a valve seat ring is advantageously particularly wear-resistant.
According to a further advantageous development of the friction system, the sintered material of the valve seat ring can be obtained by pressing and sintering a powder mixture having the composition explained below. The powder mixture comprises 5 to 45 wt% of one or more than one iron-based hard phase. In addition, the powder mixture comprises 0 to 2% by weight of graphite particles, 0 to 2% by weight of manganese sulfide, 0 to 2% by weight of molybdenum disulfide, 0 to 2% by weight of iron phosphide powder. Furthermore, the powder mixture comprises 0 to 7 wt% copper powder and 0 to 4 wt% cobalt powder. Furthermore, the powder mixture comprises 0.1 to 1.0 wt% of a pressing additive. Further, the powder mixture comprises a high speed steel having a composition of 14 to 18 wt% chromium, 1.2 to 1.9 wt% carbon, 0.1 to 0.9 wt% silicon, 0.5 to 2.5 wt% vanadium, 0.5 to 2.5 wt% tungsten, and 0.5 to 2.5 wt% molybdenum. Furthermore, for manufacturing reasons, the powder mixture contains iron residues as well as impurities. The impurities resulting from the manufacture comprise in particular nickel, copper, cobalt, calcium and/or manganese, the proportion of residues being < 1.5% by weight. The valve seat ring comprising such a sintered material is advantageously particularly heat-resistant.
In a further advantageous development of the friction system, the composition of the one or more than one iron-based hard phase is less than 0.2% by weight of carbon, 26% to 32% by weight of molybdenum, 8% to 12% by weight of chromium, and 2.2% to 3% by weight of silicon. Alternatively, the composition of the one or more than one iron-based hard phase is less than 0.3 wt.% carbon, 26 to 32 wt.% molybdenum, 14 to 20 wt.% chromium, 2.9 to 4.2 wt.% silicon. Valve seat rings comprising such sintered materials are advantageously particularly wear resistant.
According to a further advantageous development of the friction system, the powder mixture comprises a hard phase based on cobalt in a proportion of 0.5 to 9.9% by weight. This advantageously affects the heat resistance of the valve seat ring comprising such sintered material.
In a further advantageous development of the friction system, the sintered material of the valve seat ring can alternatively be obtained by pressing and sintering a powder mixture having the composition explained below. The powder mixture comprises one or more than one cobalt-based hard phase having a composition of less than 0.1% by weight of carbon, 26% to 32% by weight of molybdenum, 7% to 12% by weight of chromium, 2.0% to 4% by weight of silicon. In addition, the powder mixture comprises 0 to 2 wt% graphite particles, 0 to 2 wt% manganese sulfide, 0 to 2 wt% molybdenum sulfide, 0 to 2 wt% iron phosphide powder. Furthermore, the powder mixture comprises 0 to 7 wt% copper powder and 0 to 4 wt% cobalt powder. Furthermore, the powder mixture comprises 0.1 to 1.0 wt% of a pressing additive. Further, the powder mixture comprises a high speed steel having a composition of 14 to 18 wt% chromium, 1.2 to 1.9 wt% carbon, 0.1 to 0.9 wt% silicon, 0.5 to 2.5 wt% vanadium, 0.5 to 2.5 wt% tungsten, and 0.5 to 2.5 wt% molybdenum. Furthermore, for manufacturing reasons, the powder mixture contains cobalt residues as well as impurities. The impurities include nickel, copper, calcium and/or manganese, in particular, in a proportion of less than 1.5% by weight of the residue. Such sintered materials are particularly characterized by their heat resistance.
Advantageously, one or more than one cobalt-based hard phase is present in the powder mixture, with a composition of less than 0.2% by weight of carbon, 18% to 25% by weight of molybdenum, 12% to 20% by weight of chromium, 1.0% to 3% by weight of silicon. Thus, the wear resistance of the valve seat ring with such sintered material can be advantageously improved.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a friction system according to the preceding description. In the method, a seat of a valve having a high nickel content or comprising a nickel-based material in the seat area of the valve is plated/coated with a nickel-based plating to form a second contact surface of the valve (7), which second contact surface of the valve (7) can be placed on a first contact surface of a valve seat ring of a friction system. The previously indicated advantages of the friction system according to the invention apply in a similar manner also to the method according to the invention for producing such a friction system.
The invention further relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a friction system according to the invention and also described above, which is preferably produced by the method according to the invention described above. Furthermore, the internal combustion engine comprises a gas exchange channel which can be closed or opened to the fluid by a friction system. The friction system forms together with the gas exchange channel a gas exchange part of the internal combustion engine. The advantages of the friction system according to the invention and of the method according to the invention for producing such a friction system described above apply in a similar manner also to the internal combustion engine according to the invention having such a friction system.
Further important features and advantages of the invention emerge from the dependent claims, the figures and the associated description in the figures with reference to the figures.
It will be appreciated that not only the features mentioned above and yet to be described below may be used in a particular combination, but also the features mentioned above and yet to be described below may be used in other combinations or alone without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Drawings
Preferred exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings and will be described in further detail in the following description.
Fig. 1 schematically shows an example of an axial cross-section of a friction system 1, a gas exchange member 2 and an internal combustion engine 3 according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The sole figure 1 schematically shows an example of an axial section of a friction system 1 according to the invention, which friction system 1 can preferably be used for a gas exchange component 2 of an internal combustion engine 3 according to the invention, which internal combustion engine 3 is also shown as an example. The friction system 1 comprises a valve seat ring 5, on which valve seat ring 5 a first contact surface 4 is provided. Furthermore, the friction system 1 comprises a valve 7, on which valve 7 a second contact surface 6 is provided. The second contact surface 6 of the valve 7 can be placed on the first contact surface 4 of the valve seat ring to close the valve opening 8. The second contact surface 6 is arranged in a seat area 9 of the valve 7. The valve 7 has a seat 10 in its seat region 9, the seat 10 having a high nickel content or comprising a nickel-based material. The seat 10 of the valve 7 is plated or coated with a nickel-based plating 11 such that the plating 11 forms the second contact surface 6 of the valve 7.
The nickel-based plating layer 11 has more than 30 wt%, preferably at least 50 wt%, most preferably at least 52 wt% of nickel as a main component. The nickel-based coating 11 contains carbon as an additional component in an amount of up to 3 wt.%. Furthermore, the nickel-based coating 11 contains iron as an additional component in an amount of up to 10 wt.%. Furthermore, the nickel-based plating layer 11 contains chromium at a maximum of 30 wt.%. Furthermore, the nickel-based coating 11 contains molybdenum as an additional component in an amount of at most 9 wt.%. The base 10 of the valve 7 with a high nickel content or containing a nickel-based material contains or consists of the material with the material number 2.4952.
Advantageously, the coating 11 can consist of the main component nickel and additional components, such as carbon, iron, chromium, molybdenum. In all the variants described, it is possible for the coating 11 to have up to 0.2% by weight of impurities as a result of the production process. In this case, the impurities are composed of a substance other than the main component nickel and the aforementioned additional components.
Furthermore, fig. 1 shows that the valve 7 is configured as a poppet valve 12. Valve 7 configured as a poppet valve 12 comprises a valve disc 13 and a valve stem 14 protruding substantially perpendicular to valve disc 13. In this case, the valve disk 13 comprises a seat 10 with a high nickel content or containing a nickel-based material and a plating 11 with the second contact surface 6.
According to fig. 1, the valve seat ring 5 is made of a sintered material 15. The sintered material 15 of the valve seat ring 5 can be obtained by pressing and sintering a powder mixture having the composition explained below. The powder mixture comprises 5 to 45 wt% of one or more than one iron-based hard phase. In addition, the powder mixture includes 0 to 2 wt% of graphite particles, 0 to 2 wt% of manganese sulfide, 0 to 2 wt% of molybdenum sulfide, and 0 to 2 wt% of iron phosphide powder. Furthermore, the powder mixture comprises 0 to 7 wt% copper powder and 0 to 3 wt% cobalt powder. Furthermore, the powder mixture comprises 0.1 to 1.0 wt% of a pressing additive. Furthermore, the powder mixture comprises a high speed steel with a composition of 14 to 18 wt% chromium, 1.2 to 1.9 wt% carbon, 0.1 to 0.9 wt% silicon, 0.5 to 2.5 wt% vanadium, 0.2 to 2.5 wt% tungsten, and 0.5 to 2.5 wt% molybdenum. Furthermore, for manufacturing reasons, the powder mixture contains iron residues as well as impurities. These impurities resulting from the manufacturing process may include copper, cobalt, calcium, and/or manganese, wherein the impurities are each less than 1.5 wt% of the powder mixture residue. The composition of the one or more than one iron-based hard phase is less than 0.2 wt.% carbon, 26 to 32 wt.% molybdenum, 8 to 12 wt.% chromium, and 2.2 to 3 wt.% silicon. Alternatively, for the compositions previously described, the composition of the one or more iron-based hard phases is less than 0.3 wt.% carbon, 26 to 32 wt.% molybdenum, 14 to 20 wt.% chromium, and 2.9 to 4.2 wt.% silicon. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, a cobalt-based hard phase is also present in the powder mixture in a proportion of 0.5 to 9.9% by weight of the powder mixture.
The sintered material 15 of the valve seat ring 5 can also be obtained by pressing and sintering a powder mixture having the composition shown below. In this case, the powder mixture comprises one or more than one cobalt-based hard phase with a composition of less than 0.1% by weight of carbon, 26% to 32% by weight of molybdenum, 7% to 12% by weight of chromium, 2.0% to 4% by weight of silicon. Furthermore, the powder mixture comprises 0 to 2 wt% of graphite particles and 0 to 2 wt% of manganese sulfide, 0 to 2 wt% of molybdenum sulfide and 0 to 2 wt% of iron phosphide powder. Furthermore, the powder mixture comprises 0 to 7 wt% copper powder and 0 to 4 wt% cobalt powder. Furthermore, the powder mixture comprises 0.1 to 1.0 wt% of a pressing additive and a high speed steel having a composition of 14 to 18 wt% of chromium, 1.2 to 1.9 wt% of carbon, 0.1 to 0.9 wt% of silicon, 0.5 to 2.5 wt% of vanadium, 0.5 to 2.5 wt% of tungsten, and 0.5 to 2.5 wt% of molybdenum. The powder mixture also contains residues consisting of cobalt and impurities resulting from the manufacturing process. These impurities may be nickel, copper, calcium and/or manganese, the proportion of which in the residue is less than 1.5% by weight. In this case, the powder mixture comprises one or more than one cobalt-based hard phase with a composition of less than 0.2% by weight of carbon, 18% to 25% by weight of molybdenum, 12% to 20% by weight of chromium, 1.0% to 3% by weight of silicon.
The friction system 1 shown in fig. 1 is manufactured by a method according to the invention. According to the method, a seat 10 of the valve 7, which has a high nickel content or contains a nickel-based material in a seat area 9 of the valve 7, is plated/coated with a nickel-based plating 11 to form a second contact surface 6 of the valve 7, which second contact surface 6 of the valve 7 can be placed on the first contact surface 4 of the valve seat ring 5 of the friction system 1.
Fig. 1 also shows a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine 3, in particular for a motor vehicle. The internal combustion engine 3 comprises a friction system 1, which is in particular manufactured by the method according to the invention described previously. Furthermore, the combustion engine 3 comprises a gas exchange channel 16. The gas exchange channel 16 of the internal combustion engine 3 can be closed or opened to fluid by the friction system 1, so that the friction system 1 together with the gas exchange channel 16 forms the gas exchange part 2 of the internal combustion engine 3.

Claims (17)

1. A friction system (1), in particular a friction system (1) for a gas exchange component (2) of an internal combustion engine (3), comprising
-a valve seat ring (5) having a first contact surface (4), and
-a valve (7) having a second contact surface (6), the second contact surface (6) being placeable on the first contact surface (4) to close the valve opening (8), and the second contact surface (6) being arranged in a seat area (9) of the valve (7),
-wherein the valve (7) in the seat area (9) has a seat (10) made of a high nickel content material or a nickel based material, the seat (10) being plated/coated with a nickel based plating layer (11) to form the second contact surface (6), the plating layer (11) containing nickel as a main component.
2. Friction system (1) according to claim 1,
characterised in that the coating contains more than 30 wt.%, preferably at least 50 wt.%, most preferably at least 52 wt.% nickel.
3. Friction system (1) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the coating (11) contains carbon as an additional component in an amount of at most 3 wt.%.
4. Friction system (1) according to any of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the coating (11) contains iron as an additional component in an amount of at most 10 wt.%.
5. Friction system (1) according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the nickel-based coating (11) contains chromium as an additional component in an amount of at most 30 wt.%.
6. Friction system (1) according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the nickel-based coating (11) contains molybdenum as an additional component in an amount of at most 9 wt.%.
7. Friction system (1) according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the coating consists of a main component and at least one additional component.
8. Friction system (1) according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the seat (10) of the valve (7) with a high nickel content or comprising a nickel-based material comprises or consists of the material with the material number 2.4952.
9. Friction system (1) according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the valve (7) is arranged as a poppet valve (12) having a valve disk (13) and a valve stem (14) projecting perpendicularly from the valve disk (13), wherein the valve disk (13) comprises a base (10) and a coating (11) having a second contact surface (6).
10. Friction system (1) according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the valve seat ring (5) is made of a sintered material (15).
11. Friction system (1) according to claim 10,
characterized in that said sintered material (15) is obtainable by pressing and sintering a powder mixture having the following composition:
-5 to 45% by weight of one or more than one iron-based hard phase,
-0 to 2% by weight of graphite particles, 0 to 2% by weight of manganese sulphide, 0 to 2% by weight of molybdenum disulphide, 0 to 2% by weight of phosphated monoiron powder,
-0 to 7% by weight of copper powder and 0 to 4% by weight of cobalt powder,
-0.1 to 1.0 wt% of a pressing additive,
high speed steel with a composition of 14 to 18% by weight of chromium, 1.2 to 1.9% by weight of carbon, 0.1 to 0.9% by weight of silicon, 0.5 to 2.5% by weight of vanadium, 0.5 to 2.5% by weight of tungsten, 0.5 to 2.5% by weight of molybdenum, and
the balance being iron and the proportion being less than 1.5% by weight of impurities resulting from the manufacture, in particular nickel, copper, cobalt, calcium and/or manganese.
12. Friction system (1) according to claim 10,
it is characterized in that
-the composition of the one or more than one iron-based hard phase is less than 0.2% by weight of carbon, 26% to 32% by weight of molybdenum, 8% to 12% by weight of chromium, 2.2% to 3% by weight of silicon, or
-the composition of the one or more than one iron based hard phase is less than 0.3 wt% carbon, 26 to 32 wt% molybdenum, 14 to 20 wt% chromium, 2.9 to 4.2 wt% silicon.
13. Friction system (1) according to claim 10 or 11,
it is characterized in that
0.5 to 9.9 wt% of a cobalt-based hard phase is present.
14. Friction system (1) according to any of claims 10 to 13,
it is characterized in that
The sintered material (15) can be obtained by pressing and sintering a powder mixture having the following composition:
one or more than one cobalt-based hard phase with a composition of less than 0.1% by weight of carbon, 26% to 32% by weight of molybdenum, 7% to 12% by weight of chromium, 2.0% to 4% by weight of silicon,
-0 to 2% by weight of graphite particles, 0 to 2% by weight of manganese sulphide, 0 to 2% by weight of molybdenum disulphide, 0 to 2% by weight of phosphated monoiron powder,
-0 to 7% by weight of copper powder and 0 to 4% by weight of cobalt powder,
-0.1 to 1.0 wt% of a pressing additive,
high speed steel with a composition of 14 to 18% by weight of chromium, 1.2 to 1.9% by weight of carbon, 0.1 to 0.9% by weight of silicon, 0.5 to 2.5% by weight of vanadium, 0.5 to 2.5% by weight of tungsten, 0.5 to 2.5% by weight of molybdenum, and
the balance cobalt and a proportion of impurities resulting from the manufacture, in particular nickel, copper, calcium and/or manganese, of less than 1.5% by weight.
15. Friction system (1) according to claim 14,
characterized in that one or more than one cobalt-based hard phase is present, the composition of which is less than 0.2% by weight of carbon, 18 to 25% by weight of molybdenum, 12 to 20% by weight of chromium, 1.0 to 3% by weight of silicon.
16. A method for manufacturing a friction system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
wherein a seat (10) of the valve (7) in a seat area (9) of the valve (7) having a high nickel content or comprising a nickel-based material is plated/coated with a nickel-based plating layer (11) to form a second contact surface (6) of the valve (7), the second contact surface (6) of the valve (7) being placeable on a first contact surface (4) of a valve seat ring (5) of a friction system (1).
17. An internal combustion engine (3), in particular an internal combustion engine (3) for a motor vehicle, the internal combustion engine (3) comprising
-a friction system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, said friction system (1) being in particular manufactured by a method according to claim 16, and
-a gas exchange channel (16), the gas exchange channel (16) being fluidly closable or openable by the friction system (1) such that the friction system (1) forms together with the gas exchange channel (16) a gas exchange part (2) of the internal combustion engine (3).
CN202110235549.9A 2020-03-04 2021-03-03 Friction system, method for producing a friction system, and internal combustion engine having a friction system Pending CN113356956A (en)

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Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4075999A (en) * 1975-06-09 1978-02-28 Eaton Corporation Hard facing alloy for engine valves and the like
CN1068394A (en) * 1991-07-04 1993-01-27 新苏舍柴油机有限公司 The outlet valve of diesel internal combustion engine and manufacture method thereof
US20180209311A1 (en) * 2015-07-21 2018-07-26 Mahle International Gmbh Tribological system, comprising a valve seat ring and a valve

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19508069C1 (en) 1995-02-27 1996-05-23 Nu Tech Gmbh Outlet valve for diesel IC engines
DK177487B1 (en) 2012-07-06 2013-07-15 Man Diesel & Turbo Deutschland An exhaust valve spindle for an exhaust valve in an internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4075999A (en) * 1975-06-09 1978-02-28 Eaton Corporation Hard facing alloy for engine valves and the like
CN1068394A (en) * 1991-07-04 1993-01-27 新苏舍柴油机有限公司 The outlet valve of diesel internal combustion engine and manufacture method thereof
US20180209311A1 (en) * 2015-07-21 2018-07-26 Mahle International Gmbh Tribological system, comprising a valve seat ring and a valve

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