CN113355597A - High-toughness high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel and manufacturing process thereof - Google Patents
High-toughness high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel and manufacturing process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
Abstract
The application discloses high-toughness high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel and a manufacturing process thereof, and relates to the technical field of die steel, wherein the high-toughness high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.7 to 0.9 percent of C, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Si, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 1.0 to 1.5 percent of Mo, 12.0 to 15.0 percent of Cr, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of V, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Nb, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of Y, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Ti, 1.0 to 1.5 percent of W, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of S and less than or equal to 0.02 percent of P; the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities; the manufacturing process comprises the following steps of LF refining, VD refining and pouring: yttrium-based rare earth is added to the VD-refined molten steel as a stream during pouring into a mold in step S2. The application has the advantage of improving the toughness and the wear resistance of the steel.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of wear-resistant steel, in particular to high-toughness high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel and a manufacturing process thereof.
Background
The cold-work die steel is mainly used for manufacturing various dies for pressing and forming metal materials at room temperature, including blanking dies, stamping dies and the like. Because the metal material is processed at normal temperature, the metal material generates larger stress and friction force to the die in the processing process, so that the requirements on the hardness and the wear resistance of the die are higher.
At present, the die steel is Cr12 series cold-work die steel which is mainly represented by D2(Cr12Mo1V1) of GB/T34564.1 cold-work die steel, and the wear resistance of the steel is high.
When the mould made of the material is applied to actual production, the inventor finds that the following defects exist: because the cast structure is seriously segregated, the toughness of the die is poor, and the die often fails early due to insufficient toughness, so that the service life of the die is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the service life of the existing die steel is influenced by poor toughness, the application provides the high-toughness high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel and the manufacturing process thereof.
In a first aspect, the application provides a high-toughness high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel which adopts the following technical scheme:
the high-toughness high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
C 0.7％-0.9％；Si 0.2％-0.4％；Mn 0.5％-0.8％；Mo 1.0％-1.5％；
12.0 to 15.0 percent of Cr; v0.5% -0.8%; 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Nb; 0.02% -0.05% of Y; 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Ti; 1.0 to 1.5 percent of W; s is less than or equal to 0.02 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.02 percent; the balance being Fe and unavoidable other impurities.
By adopting the technical scheme, C is used as an important element in the wear-resistant steel, and the strength and the hardness of the steel can be improved by higher carbon content. Si is solid-dissolved in ferrite and austenite in the wear-resistant steel, further increasing the strength and hardness of the steel. Mn can increase the hardenability of steel and reduce the transformation temperature and critical cooling rate of steel. Mn can be combined with S in molten steel to form MnS, so that the hot brittleness caused by FeS is reduced, and the hardness of the whole steel is improved. The hardness of the steel is increased and the wear resistance is improved.
Cr reduces the critical cooling rate in steel and improves the hardenability of steel. Cr forms carbide together with Fe in steel, and improves the strength and hardness of the steel. In the tempering stage of heat treatment of the steel, Cr can prevent or slow down the precipitation and aggregation of carbides and improve the tempering stability of the steel. And simultaneously, the corrosion resistance of the steel is improved.
Mo in the steel can increase the deformation resistance of the steel, is not easy to wear and can improve the toughness of the steel. Mo can be dissolved in ferrite to improve the strength of the steel. The Mo increases the softening and recovery temperature and the recrystallization temperature after the deformation strengthening, can improve the creep recovery of ferrite, effectively inhibits the cementite from gathering at the temperature of 450-600 ℃, and can improve the heat strength of the steel.
The addition of V can refine grains, so that austenite grains of a steel billet are not too coarse in a heating stage, and the strength and the toughness of the steel are improved.
Ti and carbon form TiC fine particles in steel, and in the cooling process, the TiC particles increase austenite core centers and refine grains. And the movement of austenite grain boundaries is hindered, and when TiC particles are completely fused into a solid solution, austenite grains begin to grow, so that grains can be well refined, and the strength and the wear resistance of the steel are improved.
Y can denature oxide and sulfide inclusions in the molten steel to generate fine and approximately spherical compounds. Meanwhile, Y can eliminate elements such as sulfur, phosphorus and the like which are partially polymerized along the grain boundary, so that carbide is uniformly distributed, crystal grains are refined, the uniformity of the structure is increased, and the mechanical property of the steel is improved.
Nb plays a role in microalloying, more Nb and C form NbC, and the nucleation causes the carbide to be more uniform, replaces part of V to increase the number of the more wear-resistant carbide NbC, and improves the steel model. The reserve of Nb is rich, and the price of Nb-Fe is cheaper than that of V-Fe, so that the cost can be effectively reduced while the strength and the toughness of the steel are improved.
W may combine with C to form WC to increase the wear resistance of the steel. Since Mn is added to steel, when the Mn content is high, it tends to coarsen crystal grains and increases tempering sensitivity of steel, resulting in easy occurrence of segregation and cracks in a steel slab. W can increase the tempering stability and the heat strength of steel, refine crystal grains to a certain extent and reduce side effects caused by Mn.
The Y, Ti and W refine the molten steel structure to improve the strength and toughness of the steel.
Preferably, the alloy comprises, by mass percent, 0.8% of C, 0.3% of Si, 0.6% of Mn, 1.3% of Mo, 13.5% of Cr, 0.7% of V, 0.7% of Nb, 0.035% of Y, 0.05% of Ti, 1.5% of W, S is less than or equal to 0.02%, P is less than or equal to 0.02%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable other impurities.
By adopting the technical scheme, the comprehensive performance of hardness and toughness of the wear-resistant steel is better.
Preferably, the mass ratio of 1.5 & lt W/Mn is & lt, 2.5. The mass ratio W/Mn is preferably selected to be 2.
By adopting the technical scheme, W can improve the side effect of Mn, and the toughness is better while the strength of the steel is jointly increased.
In a second aspect, the application provides a method for manufacturing a high-toughness high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a manufacturing process of high-toughness high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel comprises the following steps:
s1: LF refining;
s2: VD refining;
s3: pouring: yttrium-based rare earth is added to the VD-refined molten steel as a stream during pouring into a mold in step S2.
By adopting the technical scheme, the yttrium-based rare earth is added into the molten steel along with the flow, so that the structure in the molten steel can be improved for the second time, and the crystal grains in the molten steel are further refined. Compared with a mode of directly adding yttrium-based rare earth into molten steel for melting and pouring, the mode has the advantages that crystal grains are finer, and the toughness of the steel is improved.
Preferably, the rare earth addition amount is controlled to be 0.05-0.075kg/t of steel after LF refining is finished, and the rare earth addition amount is controlled to be 0.05-0.075kg/t of steel with flow after VD refining is finished.
By adopting the technical scheme, the yttrium-based rare earth can control the forms of oxides and sulfides in the molten steel, reduce impurities in the steel and play a role in both the purity and the structure refinement of the molten steel. The structure of the steel is refined, and the toughness and the wear resistance are improved.
Preferably, the VD refining is carried out by controlling [ H ] to be less than or equal to 2.5ppm, then argon is softly blown, and rare earth is added.
By adopting the technical scheme, the [ H ] is controlled to be less than or equal to 2.5ppm, and the purity of the steel is improved. The possibility of hydrogen embrittlement of the manufactured steel is reduced in the later use process. The rare earth is added after refining, so that the structure of molten steel can be improved, and the mechanical property of steel can be improved.
Preferably, the VD refining vacuum is used for blowing Ar, and the flow rate of Ar is more than or equal to 120L/min.
By adopting the technical scheme, Ar can provide good atmosphere, the possibility of oxidation in the refined molten steel is reduced, and the structure uniformity of the molten steel is improved.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. by adding Ti, W and rare earth Y, the structure refinement degree in the molten steel is improved together, the hardenability of the steel is increased, the strength and the hardness of the wear-resistant steel are increased, and the wear resistance and the toughness of the steel are improved;
2. provides a production process of wear-resistant steel, which can stably control the production quality of the wear-resistant steel and keep the structural stability of the product.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
At present, the material does not comprise a surface treatment technology to obtain high wear resistance mainly by the following two ways, namely, firstly, a high-hardness matrix structure is obtained, so that the matrix can still keep high deformation resistance under the action of strong friction; secondly, carbides with high dispersivity, high hardness and high wear resistance are distributed on the matrix structure. Therefore, the Cr12 type cold-work die steel represented by the D2 steel adopts higher C content, so that the matrix can obtain higher quenched martensite hardness, and forms a large amount of carbide by adopting higher Cr content to increase the wear resistance. However, since the contents of C and Cr are high, the size of eutectic carbide generated by the eutectic reaction is large and segregation is severe, so that the material loses much toughness.
Based on the discovery, the applicant researches the material components and the production process of the die steel, and finds that the addition of a proper amount of W, Ti and rare earth Y in the components can effectively reduce the possibility of grain coarsening when the W/Mn ratio is 1.5-2.5, and improve the wear resistance of the wear-resistant steel and the toughness of the die steel. The present application has been made based on the above findings.
Examples
A production process of high-toughness high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the mass percent, 100kg of scrap steel containing 0.75-0.9 percent of C, 0.14-0.20 percent of Si, 0.5-0.6 percent of Mn, 0.9-1.1 percent of Mo, 0.4-0.6 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of P and less than or equal to 0.02 percent of S is added into a furnace for smelting, then low-nitrogen carbon powder, deoxidizer, silicomanganese, ferrosilicon, high-carbon ferrochrome, titanium, copper, tungsten, vanadium, niobium, rare earth yttrium and aluminum strips for the deoxidizer are sequentially added into the furnace, after furnace burden is completely melted, when the temperature of molten steel is more than or equal to 1590 ℃, a low-pressure deep oxygen blowing method is adopted, Si and Mn are removed from slag, steel is tapped after the molten steel is fully stirred, sampled and analyzed to meet the requirements, lime is added into the steel ladle, and the addition amount of the lime is 0.25-0.3 percent of the total amount of converter materials.
S2: LF refining: and transferring the molten steel in the S1 to an LF furnace for refining, blowing Ar from the bottom of the furnace, wherein the flow rate of Ar is 1.1-1.2L/min, the pressure of Ar is 0.2-0.3MPa, and simultaneously adding silicon carbide and calcium carbide into the LF furnace for electrifying and slagging. The alkalinity is adjusted according to the slag amount of the slag, the total slag amount is 0.007kg-0.01kg/t steel, and the alkalinity is controlled at 2.5-4.0. Adding ferrotitanium after the temperature of the molten steel is more than or equal to 1570 ℃, wherein the mass percentage of Ti in the ferrotitanium is 28-30%. After the components and the temperature of the molten steel meet the process requirements, adding a ferro-calcium wire into the LF furnace, then adding rare earth according to the addition amount of 0.05-0.08g/kg steel, and controlling the content of SiO2 in the slag to be less than or equal to 10 percent after LF refining is finished. .
S3: VD refining: transferring the molten steel in the step S2 to a VD furnace, deslagging and carrying out vacuum treatment after the transfer temperature is more than or equal to 1570 ℃, keeping the vacuum degree at 0.05-0.07KPa and for 15-20min, controlling [ H ] to be less than or equal to 2.5ppm, and simultaneously blowing Ar with the flow rate of more than or equal to 1.2L/min.
S4: and carrying out pouring operation after VD refining, wherein rare earth is added along with flow during pouring, the rare earth is added according to the addition amount of 0.05-0.08g/kg of steel, and the average addition of the rare earth is finished 15S before pouring.
S5: and cooling the rolled steel to room temperature by water.
The specific composition of the die steel obtained according to the above process is shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 chemical composition Table of abrasion resistant steels
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the wear resistant steel does not contain Ti.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that no Y is contained in the wear resistant steel.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that no W is contained in the wear resistant steel.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that the Mn content in the wear-resistant steel is 2%.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is that the wear resistant steel does not contain Ti and W.
Comparative example 6
The difference from example 1 is that the wear resistant steel does not contain Ti, W and Y.
Comparative example 7
A production process of high-toughness high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the mass percent, 100kg of scrap steel containing 0.75-0.9 percent of C, 0.14-0.20 percent of Si, 0.5-0.6 percent of Mn, 0.9-1.1 percent of Mo, 0.4-0.6 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of P and less than or equal to 0.02 percent of S is added into a furnace for smelting, then low-nitrogen carbon powder, deoxidizer, silicomanganese, ferrosilicon, high-carbon ferrochrome, titanium, copper, tungsten, vanadium, niobium, rare earth yttrium and aluminum strips for the deoxidizer are sequentially added into the furnace, after furnace burden is completely melted, when the temperature of molten steel is more than or equal to 1590 ℃, a low-pressure deep oxygen blowing method is adopted, Si and Mn are removed from slag, steel is tapped after the molten steel is fully stirred, sampled and analyzed to meet the requirements, lime is added into the steel ladle, and the addition amount of the lime is 0.25-0.3 percent of the total amount of converter materials.
S2: LF refining: and transferring the molten steel in the S1 to an LF furnace for refining, blowing Ar from the bottom of the furnace, wherein the flow rate of Ar is 1.1-1.2L/min, the pressure of Ar is 0.2-0.3MPa, and simultaneously adding silicon carbide and calcium carbide into the LF furnace for electrifying and slagging. The alkalinity is adjusted according to the slag amount of the slag, the total slag amount is 0.007kg-0.01kg/t steel, and the alkalinity is controlled at 2.5-4.0. Adding ferrotitanium after the temperature of the molten steel is more than or equal to 1570 ℃, wherein the mass percentage of Ti in the ferrotitanium is 28-30%. After the components and the temperature of the molten steel meet the process requirements, adding a ferro-calcium wire into the LF furnace, then adding rare earth according to the addition amount of 0.05-0.08g/kg steel, and controlling the content of SiO2 in the slag to be less than or equal to 10 percent after LF refining is finished. .
S3: VD refining: transferring the molten steel in the step S2 to a VD furnace, adding rare earth according to the addition amount of 0.05-0.08g/kg steel, deslagging after the transfer temperature is more than or equal to 1570 ℃, carrying out vacuum treatment, keeping the vacuum degree at 0.05-0.07KPa for 15-20min, controlling [ H ] to be less than or equal to 2.5ppm, simultaneously blowing Ar, and the flow rate of blowing Ar to be more than or equal to 1.2L/min.
S4: carrying out pouring operation after VD refining.
S5: and cooling the rolled steel to room temperature by water.
The compositions of the steels obtained in each proportion are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 ingredient Table of comparative steel materials
Sampling from the prepared wear-resistant steel and steel according to national standards, wherein the diameter of a sample is 20mm, the samples are divided into two groups, and one group is directly subjected to mechanical property detection; the other group was heat-treated by quenching at 1100 deg.C, then tempering at 300 deg.C for 1H 3 times, and then subjected to mechanical property testing, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 test results of the properties of the wear-resistant steels of the examples and the steels of the comparative examples
C is used as an important element in the wear-resistant steel, and the strength and the hardness of the steel can be improved by higher carbon content. Si is solid-dissolved in ferrite and austenite in the wear-resistant steel, further increasing the strength and hardness of the steel. Mn can increase the hardenability of steel and reduce the transformation temperature and critical cooling rate of steel. Mn can be combined with S in molten steel to form MnS, so that the hot brittleness caused by FeS is reduced, and the hardness of the whole steel is improved. The hardness of the steel is increased and the wear resistance is improved.
Cr reduces the critical cooling rate in steel and improves the hardenability of steel. Cr forms carbide together with Fe in steel, and improves the strength and hardness of the steel. In the tempering stage of heat treatment of the steel, Cr can prevent or slow down the precipitation and aggregation of carbides and improve the tempering stability of the steel. And simultaneously, the corrosion resistance of the steel is improved.
Mo in the steel can increase the deformation resistance of the steel, is not easy to wear and can improve the toughness of the steel. Mo can be dissolved in ferrite to improve the strength of the steel. The Mo increases the softening and recovery temperature and the recrystallization temperature after the deformation strengthening, can improve the creep recovery of ferrite, effectively inhibits the cementite from gathering at the temperature of 450-600 ℃, and can improve the heat strength of the steel.
The addition of V can refine grains, so that austenite grains of a steel billet are not too coarse in a heating stage, and the strength and the toughness of the steel are improved.
Ti and carbon form TiC fine particles in steel, and in the cooling process, the TiC particles increase austenite core centers and refine grains. And the movement of austenite grain boundaries is hindered, and when TiC particles are completely fused into a solid solution, austenite grains begin to grow, so that grains can be well refined, and the strength and the wear resistance of the steel are improved.
Y can denature oxide and sulfide inclusions in the molten steel to generate fine and approximately spherical compounds. Meanwhile, Y can eliminate elements such as sulfur, phosphorus and the like which are partially polymerized along the grain boundary, so that carbide is uniformly distributed, crystal grains are refined, the uniformity of the structure is increased, and the mechanical property of the steel is improved.
Nb plays a role in microalloying, more Nb and C form NbC, and the nucleation causes the carbide to be more uniform, replaces part of V to increase the number of the more wear-resistant carbide NbC, and improves the steel model. The reserve of Nb is rich, and the price of Nb-Fe is cheaper than that of V-Fe, so that the cost can be effectively reduced while the strength and the toughness of the steel are improved.
W may combine with C to form WC to increase the wear resistance of the steel. Since Mn is added to steel, when the Mn content is high, it tends to coarsen crystal grains and increases tempering sensitivity of steel, resulting in easy occurrence of segregation and cracks in a steel slab. W can increase the tempering stability and the heat strength of steel, refine crystal grains to a certain extent and reduce side effects caused by Mn.
As can be seen from examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1, the strength of the steel is greatly improved by Ti, and the strength and hardness of the steel gradually increase as the content of Ti increases.
It can be seen from examples 3 to 5 and comparative example 3 that W increases the hardness and strength of the steel, and in combination with examples 8 to 9 and comparative example 4, when the W/Mn mass ratio is in the range of 1.5 to 2.5, the W improves the side effect on Mn well, and when W/Mn is outside this range, the Mn side effect suppression is insufficient and the steel properties are somewhat degraded.
It can be seen from examples 5 to 7 and comparative example 2 that Y is capable of finely dividing the crystal grains. The combination of comparative examples 5 and 6, Y, Ti and W has good promoting effect on grain refinement in molten steel, and has larger increase on the strength and toughness of steel compared with single addition.
And in combination with the comparative example 7, the addition mode of Y has certain influence on the components and the performance of the steel in the later period, and the refining of the rare earth on the structure in the steel can be further improved by the addition mode along with the flow.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The high-toughness high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
C 0.7%-0.9%；
Si 0.2%-0.4%；
Mn 0.5%-0.8%；
Mo 1.0%-1.5%；
Cr 12.0%-15.0%；
V 0.5%-0.8%；
Nb 0.6%-0.8%；
Y 0.02%-0.05%；
Ti 0.01%-0.05%；
W 1.0%-1.5%；
S ≤0.02%；
P ≤0.02%；
the balance being Fe and unavoidable other impurities.
2. The high toughness high wear resistance cold work die steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the alloy comprises, by mass, 0.8% of C, 0.3% of Si, 0.6% of Mn, 1.3% of Mo, 13.5% of Cr, 0.7% of V, 0.7% of Nb, 0.035% of Y, 0.05% of Ti and 1.5% of W, wherein S is less than or equal to 0.02%, P is less than or equal to 0.02%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable other impurities.
3. A high toughness high wear resistant cold work die steel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said mass ratio 1.5 < W/Mn < 2.5.
4. The high toughness high wear resistance cold work die steel according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of W/Mn is 2.
5. The process for manufacturing the high-toughness high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: LF refining;
s2: VD refining;
s3: pouring: yttrium-based rare earth is added to the VD-refined molten steel as a stream during pouring into a mold in step S2.
6. The process for manufacturing the high-toughness high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel according to claim 5, wherein the rare earth addition amount is controlled to be 0.05-0.075kg/t of steel after LF refining is finished, and the rare earth addition amount is controlled to be 0.05-0.075kg/t of steel after VD refining is finished.
7. The process for manufacturing the high-toughness high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel according to claim 4 or 5, wherein [ H ] is controlled to be less than or equal to 2.5ppm after VD refining, and then argon is blown softly and rare earth is added.
8. The manufacturing process of the high-toughness high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel as claimed in claim 7, wherein the VD refining vacuum blows Ar with the Ar flow rate being more than or equal to 120L/min.
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