CN113354333B - Hyperbranched water-reducing viscosity-reducing concrete admixture and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Hyperbranched water-reducing viscosity-reducing concrete admixture and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113354333B CN113354333B CN202110506183.4A CN202110506183A CN113354333B CN 113354333 B CN113354333 B CN 113354333B CN 202110506183 A CN202110506183 A CN 202110506183A CN 113354333 B CN113354333 B CN 113354333B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/28—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/32—Polyethers, e.g. alkylphenol polyglycolether
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polyethers, polyoxymethylenes or polyacetals
- C08F283/065—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polyethers, polyoxymethylenes or polyacetals on to unsaturated polyethers, polyoxymethylenes or polyacetals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/46—Water-loss or fluid-loss reducers, hygroscopic or hydrophilic agents, water retention agents
Abstract
The invention discloses a hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture, a preparation method and application thereof. The hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture prepared by the invention contains a plurality of PCEs with comb-shaped structures, can expose a large amount of anchoring groups, can greatly improve the fluidity of concrete and reduce the viscosity of the concrete, and has the advantages of mild synthesis conditions, wide monomer sources, high yield, low mixing amount, high water-reducing rate and good viscosity-reducing property, and the admixture can be widely applied to various concretes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of concrete admixtures, in particular to a hyperbranched water-reducing viscosity-reducing type concrete admixture as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Currently, additives conventionally used to improve the performance of concrete include polycarboxylic acid water reducers. Based on the adsorption and steric hindrance effect theory, the anchoring group on the main chain of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer is adsorbed on the surface of cement particles, and the hydrophilic long side chain generates the steric hindrance effect, so that the cement particles are dispersed. However, the side chain of the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent is easy to curl, the steric hindrance effect is limited to increase, the bulk viscosity of the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent is high, the viscosity of concrete can be increased after the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent is doped, and the requirement of high index of the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent in practical building engineering is difficult to meet.
The hyperbranched polymer is a spherical macromolecule with a highly branched structure, the structure of the hyperbranched polymer contains a large number of functional groups, and the hyperbranched polymer has the characteristics of small hydrodynamic gyration radius and less molecular chain entanglement. The hyperbranched structure is introduced into the admixture, so that the steric hindrance effect of the structure can be effectively improved, the content of the anchoring group is increased, the bulk viscosity is reduced, and the effective regulation and control of the fluidity and the viscosity of the concrete are expected to be realized. The existing methods for synthesizing hyperbranched additives mainly comprise two types: the first type is that carboxyl (anchoring group) is used as an active point, and a hyperbranched structure is introduced into a comb-type polycarboxylic acid molecule on the premise of sacrificing adsorption capacity; the other type of the hyperbranched admixture is prepared by adopting special monomers or complex chemical reaction, and has the defects of high monomer price, multiple reaction steps, poor controllability and the like. In view of the above problems, it is necessary to develop a concrete admixture with hyperbranched structure, which has a simple preparation process and low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture which has a hyperbranched structure, can effectively improve the fluidity of concrete and can reduce the viscosity of the concrete, and correspondingly provides a preparation method and application of the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture with simple preparation process and low cost.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A preparation method of a hyperbranched water-reducing viscosity-reducing concrete admixture comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing a monomer A and an acid-binding agent in a solvent, wherein the monomer A is unsaturated polyethylene glycol or a polyester macromonomer, the solvent is one or more of dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide and methanol, stirring, dropwise adding a monomer B under an ice bath condition, wherein the monomer B is acyl chloride containing C ═ C double bonds or amide containing C ═ C double bonds, and removing the solvent after reaction to obtain a double-end-group olefination macromonomer;
(2) dissolving a monomer A in water, adding the obtained double-end-group alkylene macromonomer and an oxidant, stirring to obtain a first mixed solution, dissolving a monomer C and a reducing agent in water to obtain a second mixed solution, dissolving a chain transfer agent in water to obtain a third mixed solution, simultaneously dripping the second mixed solution and the third mixed solution into the first mixed solution, carrying out addition polymerization reaction, and after the reaction is finished, adjusting the pH value to 6-7 to obtain the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture.
Preferably, in the step (1), the monomer a is methacrylic acid based polyethylene glycol, allyl polyethylene glycol, isopentenyl polyethylene glycol, -alkoxylated isoprenol, alpha-allyl-omega-methoxy polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol acrylate, polyethylene glycol methacrylate, methoxy polyethylene glycol methacrylate, hydroxyl or methoxy terminated polyethylene oxide methacrylate, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether monomethacrylate, methoxy polyethylene glycol acrylate, methoxy polyethylene glycol itaconic acid monoester, polyethylene glycol maleic acid half ester, allyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, butenyl alkylene polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene ether, alpha-allyl-omega-methoxy polyethylene glycol ether with different lengths of ethylene oxide units in alpha-side chains, allyl polyethylene glycol ether mono-methacrylate, methoxy polyethylene glycol acrylate, methoxy polyethylene glycol itaconic acid monoester, polyethylene glycol maleic acid half ester, allyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, butenyl alkylene polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene ether, alpha-allyl-omega-methoxy polyethylene glycol ether with different lengths of ethylene oxide units in alpha-side chains, or a mixture thereof, One or more of methallyl polyvinyl ether, isoamylene polyoxyethylene ether and alkoxylated hydroxybutyl vinyl ether;
and/or the monomer B is one or more of acryloyl chloride, methacryloyl chloride, 3-dimethylacryloyl chloride, cinnamoyl chloride, crotonyl chloride, acrylamide, methacrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide, N-dimethylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide, N- (butoxymethyl) acrylamide, N- (3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, N- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) methacrylamide, N-diethylacrylamide and diacetone acrylamide;
and/or the acid-binding agent is one or more of ethylenediamine, triethylamine, N-diisopropylethylamine, triethanolamine, tetrabutylammonium bromide, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the monomer A, the acid-binding agent and the monomer B in the step (1) is 10-40: 0.1-2.0: 1-10, and the reaction is carried out for 1-24 h at normal temperature.
In the preparation method of the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture, preferably, in the step (2), the monomer C is one or more of methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, citric acid, itaconic acid, sodium methyl acrylate, sodium allylsulfonate, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, methacrylic sulfonic acid, sodium methallyl sulfonate, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-tert-butyl sulfonic acid, allyl styrene sulfonate and acrylamide;
and/or the oxidant is one or more of tert-butyl hydroperoxide, benzoyl peroxide, sodium lauroyl peroxide, ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium hydrogen persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, azobiscyanovaleric acid, 2-carbamoylazoisobutyronitrile and azobisisobutyronitrile;
and/or the reducing agent is one or more of ammonium persulfate, ascorbic acid, sodium bisulfite and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate;
and/or the chain transfer agent is beta-mercaptopropionic acid, mercaptoethanol, mercaptopropanol, 2-mercaptoethanol, 3-mercaptoacetic acid, 2-mercaptopropionic acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, octyl thioglycolate, octyl 3-mercaptopropionate, n-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid, n-butylmercaptan, cyanoisopropyl dithiobenzoate, thioglycerol, n-dodecylmercaptan, octyl mercaptan, butyl thioglycolate and carbon tetrachloride, one or more of methylene chloride, bromoform, secondary alcohols such as isopropanol, sodium hypophosphite, potassium hypophosphite, bisulfite, sulfurous acid, dithionous acid, potassium dithionite, pyrosulfurous acid, potassium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, potassium sulfite, sodium dithionite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium methallylsulfonate, methylsulfonylsulfonic acid, and sodium methallylsulfonate.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the monomer A, the double-end-group alkylene macromonomer, the monomer C, the reducing agent, the chain transfer agent and the oxidizing agent in the step (2) is 1-20: 1-5: 0.1-10: 0.1-5, and the time of the addition polymerization reaction is 1-5 hours.
Preferably, in the step (1), the stirring time is 10min to 20min, the dropping time of the monomer B is 1h to 2h, and the solvent is removed by a rotary evaporation method;
and/or in the step (2), the stirring time is 1 min-20 min, the dropping time of the first mixed solution and the second mixed solution is 1 h-4 h, and the pH value is adjusted by adopting sodium hydroxide.
As a general technical concept, the invention also provides a hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture prepared by the preparation method.
Preferably, the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture contains a plurality of comb-type polycarboxylic acid water reducers as branching units, and the number average molecular weight of the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture is 5000-500000.
As a general technical concept, the invention also provides an application of the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture or the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture prepared by the preparation method in a cement-based composite material.
In the application, preferably, the addition amount of the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture is 0.1-5.0% of the total mass of the gel material.
In the invention, the structure of the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture is shown in figure 1.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
the applicant finds that the action effect of the hyperbranched admixture in concrete is closely related to the steric hindrance effect of the adsorption group and molecules, so that the adsorption group is not consumed on the premise of synthesizing and preparing the hyperbranched admixture. In the structural design process of the hyperbranched admixture, the steric effect of the hyperbranched admixture is brought into full play. Based on the method, the monomer A and the monomer B react to prepare the double-end-group olefination macromonomer, and then the monomer A, the double-end-group olefination macromonomer and the monomer C undergo addition polymerization reaction to prepare the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture taking the comb-type polycarboxylate superplasticizer as a branching unit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention provides a hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture, which is a novel hyperbranched polymer consisting of a plurality of PCEs with comb-shaped structures, and has the advantages of large steric hindrance and a plurality of anchoring groups, a large number of adsorption groups exposed in the molecular structure of the hyperbranched polymer can be efficiently adsorbed on the surfaces of cement particles, the three-dimensional hyperbranched structure of the hyperbranched polymer can enhance the mutual repulsion force among the cement particles, and the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture can greatly improve the fluidity of concrete and reduce the viscosity of the concrete based on the improvement of the adsorption force and the steric hindrance effect of the admixture, and has high application value and good application prospect.
(2) The invention also provides a preparation method of the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture, which is characterized in that on the basis of improving the adsorption and steric hindrance effects of the admixture, a chemical reaction of a monomer A and a monomer B is firstly carried out, another double bond is introduced to the tail end of the monomer A to prepare a double-end-group olefination macromonomer, then an addition polymerization reaction of the double-end-group olefination macromonomer, the monomer A and a monomer C is carried out, double bonds in the double-end-group olefination macromonomer are taken as branch points, and a comb-type polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent is taken as a branch unit to prepare the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture. The preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, mild synthesis conditions, low cost, strong operability, small environmental pollution and the like, and is beneficial to industrial application.
(3) The hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture disclosed by the invention is applied to a cement-based composite material, and the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture can be efficiently adsorbed on the surfaces of cement particles, so that the cement particles can be dispersed by the generated steric hindrance effect. When the addition amount of the hyperbranched water-reducing viscosity-reducing concrete admixture is 0.1-5.0% of the total mass of the gel material, the fluidity of the concrete can be improved by 20-40%, the viscosity of the concrete can be reduced by 20-40%, the workability of the concrete can be obviously improved, and the mechanical property and the durability of the ultrahigh concrete can be improved. The hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture has the advantages of high water-reducing rate, good viscosity-reducing property, low mixing amount, good cement adaptability and the like, and can be widely applied to various concretes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to specific preferred examples, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention. The materials and equipment used in the following examples are commercially available.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the hyperbranched water-reducing viscosity-reducing concrete admixture comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing 10g of isopentenyl polyethylene glycol and 1.5g of triethylamine in dichloromethane, magnetically stirring for 10min, dropwise adding 2g of acryloyl chloride under an ice bath condition for 1h, moving to a room temperature environment, magnetically stirring for reaction for 24h, collecting clear liquid after the reaction is finished, and performing rotary evaporation to remove the dichloromethane to obtain a double-end-group olefination macromonomer;
(2) dissolving 120g of isopentene polyethylene glycol in water, adding 12g of double-end-group alkylene macromonomer and 2.5g of hydrogen peroxide, stirring for 2min to obtain a first mixed solution, dissolving 30g of acrylic acid and 1g of ascorbic acid in water to obtain a second mixed solution, dissolving 1.2g of 3-mercaptoacetic acid in water to obtain a third mixed solution, simultaneously dropwise adding the second mixed solution and the third mixed solution into the first mixed solution for 2.5h, continuing to react for 1.5h after dropwise adding is finished, neutralizing with solid sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 6, and stirring for 30min to obtain the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing type concrete admixture.
The hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture prepared by the embodiment contains a plurality of comb-type polycarboxylic acid water reducing agents as branching units, and the number average molecular weight of the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture is 30000.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the hyperbranched water-reducing viscosity-reducing concrete admixture comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing 15g of methyl allyl polyvinyl ether and 2.0g of triethylamine in dichloromethane, magnetically stirring for 15min, dropwise adding 2.5g of methacrylic chloride under an ice bath condition for 1h, moving to a room temperature environment, magnetically stirring for reaction for 12h, collecting clear liquid after the reaction is finished, and performing rotary evaporation to remove the dichloromethane to obtain a double-end-group olefination macromonomer;
(2) dissolving 100g of methyl allyl polyvinyl ether in water, adding 17g of double-end-group alkylene macromonomer and 2.0g of hydrogen peroxide, stirring for 3min to obtain a first mixed solution, dissolving 35g of acrylic acid and 0.7g of ascorbic acid in water to obtain a second mixed solution, dissolving 1.0g of thioglycolic acid in water to obtain a third mixed solution, simultaneously dropwise adding the second mixed solution and the third mixed solution into the first mixed solution for 2.5h, continuing to react for 2.5h after the dropwise addition is finished, neutralizing with solid sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 6, and stirring for 30min to obtain the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing type concrete admixture with the number average molecular weight of 24000.
Example 3:
the preparation method of the hyperbranched water-reducing viscosity-reducing concrete admixture comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing 20g of isopentenyl polyethylene glycol and 3.5g of triethylamine in dichloromethane, magnetically stirring for 20min, dropwise adding 3g of acrylamide under an ice bath condition for 1h, moving to a room temperature environment, magnetically stirring for reaction for 20h, collecting clear liquid after the reaction is finished, and performing rotary evaporation to remove the dichloromethane to obtain a double-end-group olefination macromonomer;
(2) dissolving 150g of isopentenyl polyethylene glycol in water, adding 26g of double-end-group alkylene macromonomer and 1.5g of sodium hydrogen persulfate, stirring for 1min to obtain a first mixed solution, dissolving 40g of maleic anhydride and 2g of ammonium persulfate in water to obtain a second mixed solution, dissolving 0.8g of mercaptopropanol in water to obtain a third mixed solution, simultaneously dropwise adding the second mixed solution and the third mixed solution into the first mixed solution for 3.5h, continuing to react for 2.0h after dropwise adding is finished, neutralizing with solid sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 6, and stirring for 30min to obtain the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture with the number average molecular weight of 34000.
Comparative example:
a preparation method of the water-reducing viscosity-reducing admixture comprises the following steps:
dissolving 130g of isopentenyl polyethylene glycol in water, adding 2.5g of hydrogen peroxide, stirring for 1-2 min to obtain a first mixed solution, dissolving 30g of acrylic acid in 60g of water to obtain a second mixed solution, dissolving 1.2g of thioglycolic acid in 50g of water to obtain a third mixed solution, simultaneously dropwise adding 1.0g of ascorbic acid, the second mixed solution and the third mixed solution into the first mixed solution for 2.5h, continuing to react for 1.5h after dropwise adding is completed, and adjusting the pH value to 6 by using solid sodium hydroxide to obtain the water-reducing and viscosity-reducing additive.
The hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture prepared in the embodiment 1-3 and the water-reducing and viscosity-reducing admixture prepared in the comparative example are used for investigating the influence of the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture on the basic performance of concrete, and the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture comprises the following steps:
the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture prepared in the examples 1, 2 and 3 and the water-reducing and viscosity-reducing admixture prepared in the comparative example are respectively added into a cementing material, the addition amount is 0.5 percent of the total mass of the cementing material, the cementing material is respectively added into concrete, the concrete adopts P.I 42.5 standard cement, and the water-cement ratio is 0.29.
And (4) investigation indexes are as follows: fluidity, viscosity; and (4) testing standard: the net slurry fluidity is measured according to a method for measuring the net slurry fluidity of the admixture cement in GB8076-2008 & ltSpecification for concrete additives & gt, the net slurry viscosity is measured by a rheometer according to the standard in GB/T10274-2008 & ltmethod for measuring viscosity & gt, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 concrete basic performance test comparison table
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the comb-type water-reducing and viscosity-reducing admixture prepared in comparative example 1, the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixtures prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 of the invention can effectively improve the fluidity of concrete and reduce the viscosity of concrete.
The hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture can also be mixed with at least one other admixture known in the prior art for use, and comprises an admixture, an early strength agent, an air entraining agent, an antifoaming agent, a shrinkage reducing agent, an expanding agent and the like.
In conclusion, the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture and the preparation method thereof have the following beneficial effects: (1) the synthesis conditions are mild, the monomer sources are wide, and the yield is high; (2) the molecular structure is novel, the molecular structure is composed of a plurality of comb-shaped PCEs, and a large number of anchoring groups can be exposed; (3) low mixing amount, high water reducing rate and good viscosity reducing property, and can be widely applied to various concretes. The additive can effectively improve the fluidity of the concrete and reduce the viscosity of the concrete after being applied to the concrete.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or equivalent modifications, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent replacement, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a hyperbranched water-reducing viscosity-reducing concrete admixture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dispersing a monomer A and an acid-binding agent in a solvent, wherein the monomer A is an unsaturated polyethylene glycol or polyester macromonomer, the solvent is one or more of dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide and methanol, after stirring, dropwise adding a monomer B under an ice bath condition, the monomer B is an acyl chloride containing C = C double bonds or an amide containing C = C double bonds, and after reaction, removing the solvent to obtain a double-end-group olefination macromonomer;
(2) dissolving a monomer A in water, adding the obtained double-end-group alkylene macromonomer and an oxidant, stirring to obtain a first mixed solution, dissolving a monomer C and a reducing agent in water to obtain a second mixed solution, dissolving a chain transfer agent in water to obtain a third mixed solution, simultaneously dripping the second mixed solution and the third mixed solution into the first mixed solution, carrying out addition polymerization reaction, and after the reaction is finished, adjusting the pH value to 6-7 to obtain the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture.
2. The method for preparing a hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing type concrete admixture according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the monomer A is methacrylic acid based polyethylene glycol, allyl polyethylene glycol, isopentenyl polyethylene glycol, alkoxylated isoprenol, alpha-allyl-omega-methoxy polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol acrylate, polyethylene glycol methacrylate, methoxy polyethylene glycol methacrylate, hydroxy or methoxy terminated polyethylene oxide methacrylate, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether monomethacrylate, methoxy polyethylene glycol acrylate, methoxy polyethylene glycol itaconic acid monoester, polyethylene glycol maleic acid half ester, allyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, butenyl alkylene polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene ether, alpha-allyl-omega-methoxy polyethylene glycol ether with different length of alpha-side chain ethylene oxide unit, or mixtures thereof, One or more of methallyl polyvinyl ether, isoamylene polyoxyethylene ether and alkoxylated hydroxybutyl vinyl ether;
and/or the monomer B is one or more of acryloyl chloride, methacryloyl chloride, 3-dimethylacryloyl chloride, cinnamoyl chloride, crotonyl chloride, acrylamide, methacrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide, N-dimethylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide, N- (butoxymethyl) acrylamide, N- (3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, N- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) methacrylamide, N-diethylacrylamide and diacetone acrylamide;
and/or the acid-binding agent is one or more of ethylenediamine, triethylamine, N-diisopropylethylamine, triethanolamine, tetrabutylammonium bromide, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate.
3. The preparation method of the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the monomer A, the acid-binding agent and the monomer B in the step (1) is 10-40: 0.1-2.0: 1-10, and the reaction is carried out for 1-24 h under the normal temperature condition.
4. The method for preparing the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the monomer C is one or more of methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, citric acid, itaconic acid, sodium methyl acrylate, sodium allylsulfonate, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, methacrylic sulfonic acid, sodium methallyl sulfonate, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-tert-butyl sulfonic acid, sodium p-styrenesulfonate, allyl alcohol and acrylamide;
and/or the oxidant is one or more of tert-butyl hydroperoxide, benzoyl peroxide, sodium lauroyl peroxide, ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium hydrogen persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, azobiscyanovaleric acid, 2-carbamoylazoisobutyronitrile and azobisisobutyronitrile;
and/or the reducing agent is one or more of ammonium persulfate, ascorbic acid, sodium bisulfite and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate;
and/or the chain transfer agent is one or more of beta-mercaptopropionic acid, mercaptoethanol, mercaptopropanol, 2-mercaptoethanol, 3-mercaptoacetic acid, 2-mercaptopropionic acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, octyl thioglycolate, octyl 3-mercaptopropionate, n-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid, n-butylmercaptan, cyanoisopropyldithiobenzoate, thioglycerol, n-dodecylmercaptan, octylmercaptan, and butyl thioglycolate, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, bromoform, secondary alcohol, sodium hypophosphite, potassium hypophosphite, bisulfite, sulfurous acid, dithionous acid, potassium dithionite, pyrosulfurous acid, potassium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, potassium sulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium methallylsulfonate, methylsulfonylsulfonic acid, and sodium methallylsulfonate.
5. The preparation method of the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the monomer A, the double-end-group alkylene macromonomer, the monomer C, the reducing agent, the chain transfer agent and the oxidizing agent in the step (2) is 1-20: 1-5: 0.1-10: 0.1-5, and the time of the addition polymerization reaction is 1-5 h.
6. The preparation method of the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (1), the stirring time is 10min to 20min, the dropping time of the monomer B is 1h to 2h, and the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation;
and/or in the step (2), the stirring time is 1 min-20 min, the dropping time of the first mixed solution and the second mixed solution is 1 h-4 h, and the pH value is adjusted by adopting sodium hydroxide.
7. The hyperbranched water-reducing viscosity-reducing concrete admixture prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-6.
8. The hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture according to claim 7, wherein the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture comprises a plurality of comb-type polycarboxylic acid water reducers as branching units, and the number average molecular weight of the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture is 5000-500000.
9. The hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6 or the application of the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture of claim 7 or 8 in cement-based composite materials.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the cement-based composite material comprises a cementing material, and the addition amount of the hyperbranched water-reducing and viscosity-reducing concrete admixture is 0.1-5.0% of the total mass of the cementing material.
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