CN113346589A - Battery management system with bidirectional voltage-regulating charge-discharge function and management method - Google Patents

Battery management system with bidirectional voltage-regulating charge-discharge function and management method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113346589A
CN113346589A CN202110647952.2A CN202110647952A CN113346589A CN 113346589 A CN113346589 A CN 113346589A CN 202110647952 A CN202110647952 A CN 202110647952A CN 113346589 A CN113346589 A CN 113346589A
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China
Prior art keywords
circuit
battery
charging
charge
discharge
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陆齐立
张涛
胡启祥
贾相武
章煜栋
杨志方
沈一涵
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Zhejiang Institute of Communications
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Zhejiang Institute of Communications
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Priority to CN202110647952.2A priority Critical patent/CN113346589A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery management system with bidirectional voltage-regulating charge-discharge function and a management method, wherein the system comprises a battery management controller, a driving circuit, a filtering energy storage circuit, a follow current circuit and a charge-discharge conversion circuit, wherein the driving circuit is used for sending a driving signal generated by the battery management controller to the follow current circuit and the charge-discharge conversion circuit so as to drive the follow current circuit and the charge-discharge conversion circuit to execute charge-discharge conversion and battery protection actions; the filtering energy storage circuit is used for filtering and storing the charging and discharging current of the battery; the freewheel circuit is used for smoothing the charging and discharging current of the battery. The battery management system provided by the invention has the advantages of simple internal circuit structure and strong anti-interference capability, and can realize stable control on the charging and discharging process of the battery and effective protection on the charging and discharging safety of the battery.

Description

Battery management system with bidirectional voltage-regulating charge-discharge function and management method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery management, in particular to a battery management system with bidirectional voltage-regulating charge-discharge functions and a management method.
Background
The important functions of the battery management system are to perform charge and discharge in a voltage reduction manner and to perform charge and discharge protection on the battery, but the internal circuit structure of the conventional battery management system is complex, the stability of the circuit is not high when the charge and discharge in the voltage reduction manner and the discharge in the voltage boost manner are controlled, and the charge and discharge performance of the battery is easily affected by external electromagnetic interference. And if heavy current sudden change occurs in the charging and discharging process, the battery or components of the battery management system are easily damaged, and the service life and the use safety of the battery are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve the charging and discharging stability and the use safety of a battery and prolong the service life of the battery, and provides a battery management system which has a simple internal circuit structure, strong anti-interference capability and a bidirectional voltage-regulating charging and discharging protection function.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the system comprises a battery management controller, a driving circuit, a filtering energy storage circuit, a follow current circuit and a charging and discharging conversion circuit, wherein the signal input end of the driving circuit is connected with the signal output end of the battery management controller, the signal output end of the driving circuit is connected with the driving signal input ends of the follow current circuit and the charging and discharging conversion circuit, and the driving circuit is used for sending driving signals generated by the battery management controller to the follow current circuit and the charging and discharging conversion circuit so as to drive the follow current circuit and the charging and discharging conversion circuit to execute charging and discharging conversion and battery protection actions;
the electric input end A of the filtering energy storage circuit is connected with the anode of a battery, the electric output end B is connected with the electric input end C of the follow current circuit and is connected with an external voltage source or the anode output end of a load, and the filtering energy storage circuit is used for filtering and storing the charging and discharging current of the battery;
the electric output end D of the follow current circuit is connected with the first electric input end E of the charge-discharge conversion circuit, the second electric input end F of the charge-discharge conversion circuit is connected with the external voltage source or the negative electrode output end of the load, the electric output end J of the charge-discharge conversion circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the battery, and the follow current circuit is used for smoothing the charge-discharge current of the battery.
Preferably, the filtering energy storage circuit is a magnetic element, one end of the magnetic element is used as the electrical input end a of the filtering energy storage circuit to be connected with the positive electrode of the battery, and the other end of the magnetic element is used as the electrical output end B of the filtering energy storage circuit to be connected with the electrical input end C of the follow current circuit and to be connected with the external voltage source or the positive electrode output end of the load.
Preferably, the magnetic element is an inductor.
Preferably, the follow current circuit is a follow current switching tube Q3, and the battery management controller controls the switching duty cycle of the follow current switching tube Q3 to realize the follow current control of the whole circuit.
Preferably, the freewheeling switching transistor Q3 is a freewheeling MOS transistor Q3.
Preferably, the charge-discharge conversion circuit comprises a discharge switch tube Q1 and a charge switch tube Q2, a second end J2 of the discharge switch tube Q1 is used as the electrical output end J of the charge-discharge conversion circuit and is connected with the negative electrode of the battery, a first end J1 of the discharge switch tube Q1 is connected with a first end K1 of the charge switch tube Q2, and a second end K2 of the charge switch tube Q2 is used as the second electrical input end F of the charge-discharge conversion circuit and is connected with an external voltage source or the negative electrode output end of a load;
the first end J1 of the discharge switch tube Q1 or the first end K1 of the charge switch tube Q2 is used as the first electric input end E of the charge-discharge conversion circuit;
a second end P2 of the freewheeling switch Q3 is used as the electric output end D of the freewheeling circuit and is connected with the first electric input end E of the charging and discharging conversion circuit, and a first end P1 of the freewheeling switch Q3 is connected with the electric output end B of the filtering energy storage circuit;
the first driving signal output end M1, the second driving signal output end M2 and the third driving signal output end M3 of the driving circuit are respectively and correspondingly connected with the driving signal input ends of the discharging switch tube Q1, the charging switch tube Q2 and the freewheeling switch tube Q3.
Preferably, the discharge switching transistor Q1 is a discharge MOS transistor Q1, and the charge switching transistor Q2 is a charge MOS transistor Q2.
Preferably, the source and the drain of the discharge MOS transistor Q1 are respectively used as the second terminal J2 and the first terminal J1 of the discharge switch transistor Q1, and the gate of the discharge MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the first driving signal output terminal M1 of the driving circuit as the driving signal input terminal of the discharge switch transistor Q1;
the drain and the source of the charging MOS transistor Q2 are respectively used as the first terminal K1 and the second terminal K2 of the charging switch transistor Q2, and the gate of the charging MOS transistor Q2 is used as the driving signal input terminal of the charging switch transistor Q2 and is connected to the second driving signal output terminal M2 of the driving circuit;
the source and the drain of the freewheeling MOS transistor Q3 are respectively used as the second terminal P2 and the first terminal P1 of the freewheeling switch transistor Q3, and the gate of the freewheeling MOS transistor Q3 is used as the driving signal input terminal of the freewheeling switch transistor Q3 and is connected to the third driving signal output terminal M3 of the driving circuit.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the driving circuit includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, an optocoupler IC2, a transistor Q5, a transistor Q6, and a diode D2, one end of the resistor R1 is used as an I/O port of the driving circuit to be connected to a PWM signal output port of the battery management controller, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to a first port IC21 of the optocoupler IC2, a second port IC22 of the optocoupler IC2 is grounded, a third port IC23 of the optocoupler IC2 is connected to the transistor Q5 and a base of the transistor Q6, and a fourth port IC24 of the optocoupler IC2 is grounded;
one end of the resistor R2 is connected with the third port IC23 of the optocoupler IC2, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the collector of the triode Q5; the collector of the triode Q5 is externally connected with a power supply voltage, the emitter of the triode Q5 is connected with the collector of the triode Q6, and the emitter of the triode Q6 is grounded;
one end of the resistor R3 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q5, and the other end of the resistor R3 is used as a driving signal output end of the driving circuit and is connected with the driving signal input ends of the follow current circuit and the charging and discharging conversion circuit;
the diode D2 is connected in parallel across the resistor R3.
The invention also provides a battery management method, which comprises the following steps:
when the battery needs to be charged and discharged, the battery management system with the bidirectional voltage-regulating charging and discharging function controls the discharging MOS tube Q1 to be completely conducted, and controls the switching duty ratios of the charging MOS tube Q2 and the follow current MOS tube Q3 so as to provide the charging voltage or the charging current required by the battery after the input voltage of an external voltage source is subjected to voltage reduction control, or provide the required power supply voltage or the required power supply current to a load after the power supply voltage of the battery is subjected to voltage boosting control;
when the battery has charging faults, the battery management system controls to close the charging MOS tube Q2 so as to stop the external voltage source from continuously charging the battery;
when the battery has a discharge fault, the battery management system controls to turn off the discharge MOS tube Q1 to stop the battery from continuing to discharge;
the battery management system comprises a battery management controller, a driving circuit, a filtering energy storage circuit, a follow current circuit and a charging and discharging conversion circuit, wherein the signal input end of the driving circuit is connected with the signal output end of the battery management controller, the signal output end of the driving circuit is connected with the follow current circuit and the driving signal input end of the charging and discharging conversion circuit, and the driving circuit is used for sending driving signals generated by a battery manager to the follow current circuit and the charging and discharging conversion circuit so as to drive the follow current circuit and the charging and discharging conversion circuit to execute charging and discharging conversion and battery protection actions;
the electric input end A of the filtering energy storage circuit is connected with the anode of a battery, the electric output end B is connected with the electric input end C of the follow current circuit and is connected with an external voltage source or the anode output end of a load, and the filtering energy storage circuit is used for filtering and storing the charging and discharging current of the battery;
an electric output end D of the follow current circuit is connected with a first electric input end E of the charge-discharge conversion circuit, a second electric input end F of the charge-discharge conversion circuit is connected with the external voltage source or the negative electrode output end of the load, an electric output end J of the charge-discharge conversion circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the battery, and the follow current circuit is used for smoothing charge-discharge current of the battery;
the filtering energy storage circuit is an inductor, one end of the inductor is used as the electric input end A of the filtering energy storage circuit to be connected with the anode of the battery, and the other end of the inductor is used as the electric output end B of the filtering energy storage circuit to be connected with the electric input end C of the follow current circuit and to be connected with the external voltage source or the anode output end of the load;
the follow current circuit is a follow current MOS tube Q3, the charge-discharge conversion circuit comprises a discharge MOS tube Q1 and a charge MOS tube Q2, the source electrode of the discharge MOS tube Q1 is used as the electric output end J of the charge-discharge conversion circuit and is connected with the cathode of the battery, the drain electrode of the discharge MOS tube Q1 is connected with the drain electrode of the charge MOS tube Q2, and the source electrode of the charge MOS tube Q2 is used as the second electric input end F of the charge-discharge conversion circuit and is connected with an external voltage source or the cathode output end of a load;
the drain electrode of the discharging MOS tube Q1 or the drain electrode of the charging MOS tube Q2 is used as the first electric input end E of the charging and discharging conversion circuit;
the source electrode of the follow current MOS tube Q3 is used as the electric output end D of the follow current circuit and is connected with the first electric input end E of the charge-discharge conversion circuit, and the drain electrode of the follow current MOS tube Q3 is connected with the electric output end B of the inductor;
a first driving signal output end M1, a second driving signal output end M2 and a third driving signal output end M3 of the driving circuit are respectively and correspondingly connected with the grids of the discharging MOS tube Q1, the charging MOS tube Q2 and the follow current MOS tube Q3;
the driving circuit comprises a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, an optocoupler IC2, a triode Q5, a transistor Q6 and a diode D2, one end of the resistor R1 is used as an I/O port of the driving circuit and connected with a PWM signal output port of the battery management controller, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with a first port IC21 of the optocoupler IC2, a second port IC22 of the optocoupler IC2 is grounded, a third port IC23 of the optocoupler IC2 is connected with the base electrodes of the triode Q5 and the triode Q6, and a fourth port IC24 of the optocoupler IC2 is grounded;
one end of the resistor R2 is connected with the third port IC23 of the optocoupler IC2, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the collector of the triode Q5; the collector of the triode Q5 is externally connected with a power supply voltage, the emitter of the triode Q5 is connected with the collector of the triode Q6, and the emitter of the triode Q6 is grounded;
one end of the resistor R3 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q5, and the other end of the resistor R3 is used as the first driving signal output end M1, the second driving signal output end M2 or the third driving signal output end M3 of the driving circuit to be connected to the driving signal input ends of the freewheeling circuit and the charging and discharging conversion circuit;
the diode D2 is connected in parallel across the resistor R3.
The internal circuit structure of the battery management system provided by the invention is simple, the stable control of the battery charging and discharging process and the effective protection of the battery charging and discharging safety are realized only through the discharging MOS tube Q1, the charging MOS tube Q2, the follow current MOS tube Q3 and the inductor L1, the inductor L1 provides continuous discharging current for a load or continuous charging current for the battery through the follow current MOS tube Q3, the situation that circuit components are broken down or burnt out by the induction voltage of the inductor when the circuit has large current mutation is avoided, the use safety of the battery is improved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management system with bidirectional voltage regulation charge-discharge function according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the switching duty ratios of the discharging MOS transistor Q1, the charging MOS transistor Q2 and the freewheeling MOS transistor Q3 when the step-down charging control is performed on the battery according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the switching duty ratios of the discharging MOS transistor Q1, the charging MOS transistor Q2 and the freewheeling MOS transistor Q3 when the voltage boosting discharge control is performed on the battery according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the switching duty ratios of the discharging MOS transistor Q1, the charging MOS transistor Q2, and the freewheeling MOS transistor Q3 when the battery is protected for charging and discharging according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and are shown by way of illustration only and not in actual form, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are used for indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not indicated or implied that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limitations of the present patent, and the specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the term "connected" or the like, if appearing to indicate a connection relationship between the components, is to be understood broadly, for example, as being fixed or detachable or integral; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through one or more other components or may be in an interactive relationship with one another. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, the battery management system with bidirectional voltage regulation and charge-discharge function according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a battery management controller 100, a driving circuit 200 (there are many existing driving circuit structures, so the structure of the driving circuit adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is not specifically described), a filter energy storage circuit 300, a freewheel circuit 400 and a charge-discharge conversion circuit 500, a signal input end of the driving circuit 200 is connected to a signal output end of the battery management controller 100, a signal output end of the driving circuit 200 is connected to driving signal input ends of the freewheel circuit 400 and the charge-discharge conversion circuit 500, the driving circuit 200 is configured to send a driving signal generated by the battery management controller 100 to the freewheel circuit 400 and the charge-discharge conversion circuit 500, so as to drive the freewheel circuit 400 and the charge-discharge conversion circuit 500 to perform charge-discharge conversion and battery protection actions;
an electrical input end a of the filtering energy storage circuit 300 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, an electrical output end B is connected to an electrical input end C of the follow current circuit 400 and is connected to an external voltage source or the positive electrode output end of a load ("PACK +" in fig. 1), and the filtering energy storage circuit 300 is used for filtering and storing the charging and discharging current of the battery POW;
the electric output end D of the follow current circuit 400 is connected with the first electric input end E of the charge-discharge conversion circuit 500, the second electric input end F of the charge-discharge conversion circuit 500 is connected with an external voltage source or the negative electrode output end (PACK- "in fig. 1) of a load, the electric output end J of the charge-discharge conversion circuit 500 is connected with the negative electrode of the battery, the follow current circuit 400 is used for smoothing the charge-discharge current of the battery, the charge-discharge current output by the filtering energy storage circuit 300 provides continuous discharge current for the load or provides continuous charge current for the battery through the follow current circuit 400, so that the situation that components of a battery management system are broken down or burnt out due to large current mutation of the circuit is avoided, and therefore the charge-discharge stability and the use safety of the battery are improved.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the filter tank circuit is preferably a magnetic element, and more preferably, the magnetic element is an inductor L1. As shown in fig. 1, one end of the inductor L1 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery as the electrical input end a of the filter tank 300, and the other end is connected to the electrical input end C of the freewheel circuit 400 as the electrical output end B of the filter tank 300 and is connected to the positive electrode output end of the external voltage source or the load.
As shown in fig. 1, the freewheel circuit 400 is preferably a freewheel switching transistor Q3, and the battery management controller 100 controls the switching duty of the freewheel switching transistor Q3 to realize freewheel control of the entire circuit.
The charging and discharging conversion circuit 500 comprises a discharging switch tube Q1 and a charging switch tube Q2, wherein a second end J2 of a discharging switch tube Q1 is used as an electric output end J of the charging and discharging conversion circuit 500 and is connected with the cathode of a battery POW, a first end J1 of the discharging switch tube Q1 is connected with a first end K1 of a charging switch tube Q2, and a second end K2 of the charging switch tube Q2 is used as a second electric input end F of the charging and discharging conversion circuit 500 and is connected with an external voltage source or the cathode output end of a load;
the first end J1 of the discharge switch Q1 or the first end K1 of the charge switch Q2 is used as the first electrical input end E of the charge-discharge conversion circuit 500;
a second end P2 of the freewheeling switch Q3 is used as an electric output end D of the freewheeling circuit 400 to be connected with a first electric input end E of the charging and discharging conversion circuit, and a first end P1 of the freewheeling switch Q3 is connected with an electric output end B of the filtering energy storage circuit 300;
the first driving signal output end M1, the second driving signal output end M2, and the third driving signal output end M3 of the driving circuit 200 are respectively and correspondingly connected to the driving signal input ends of the discharging switch Q1, the charging switch Q2, and the freewheeling switch Q3.
More preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the freewheeling switch Q3 is a MOS transistor Q3 for freewheeling control in the battery charging and discharging process, the discharging switch Q1 is a MOS transistor Q1 for discharging control of the battery, and the charging switch Q2 is a MOS transistor Q2 for charging control of the battery.
As shown in fig. 1, the source and the drain of the discharge MOS transistor Q1 are respectively used as the second terminal J2 and the first terminal J1 of the discharge switch transistor Q1, and the gate of the discharge MOS transistor Q1 is used as the driving signal input terminal of the discharge switch transistor Q1 and is connected to the first driving signal output terminal M1 of the driving circuit 200;
the drain and the source of the charging MOS transistor Q2 are respectively used as the first terminal K1 and the second terminal K2 of the charging switch transistor Q2, and the gate of the charging MOS transistor Q2 is used as the driving signal input terminal of the charging switch transistor Q2 and is connected to the second driving signal output terminal M2 of the driving circuit 200;
the source and the drain of the freewheel MOS transistor Q3 are respectively the second terminal P2 and the first terminal P1 of the freewheel switch transistor Q3, and the gate of the freewheel MOS transistor Q3 is connected to the third driving signal output terminal M3 of the driving circuit 200 as the driving signal input terminal of the freewheel switch transistor Q3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, the driving circuit includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, an optocoupler IC2, a transistor Q5, a transistor Q6 and a diode D2, one end of the resistor R1 is used as an I/O port of the driving circuit to be connected to a PWM signal output port of the battery management controller, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to a first port IC21 of the optocoupler IC2, a second port IC22 of the optocoupler IC2 is grounded, a third port IC23 of the optocoupler IC2 is connected to a base of the transistor Q5 and a base of the transistor Q6, and a fourth port IC24 of the optocoupler IC2 is grounded;
one end of the resistor R2 is connected with the third port IC23 of the optocoupler IC2, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the collector of the triode Q5; the collector of the triode Q5 is externally connected with a power supply voltage, the emitter of the triode Q5 is connected with the collector of the triode Q6, and the emitter of the triode Q6 is grounded;
one end of the resistor R3 is connected with the emitting electrode of the triode Q5, and the other end of the resistor R3 is used as the driving signal output end of the driving circuit and is connected with the driving signal input ends of the follow current circuit and the charging and discharging conversion circuit;
the diode D2 is connected in parallel across the resistor R3.
The working principle of the driving circuit is as follows:
the battery management controller outputs a PWM signal to the driving circuit, when the driving circuit inputs a high level, the optical coupler IC2 is conducted, the lower end of the resistor R2 outputs a low level, the triode Q5 is conducted, the driving circuit outputs a high level from a DR1 port in the figure 5, the DR1 port is connected with a grid electrode of a discharging MOS tube Q1 or a charging MOS tube Q2 or a follow current MOS tube Q3, and the MOS tubes are conducted.
When the driving circuit inputs a low level, the optical coupler IC2 is switched off, the lower end of the resistor R2 outputs a high level, the triode Q5 is switched off, the Q6 is switched on, the diode D2 accelerates the switching off of the triode Q5, the DR1 port outputs a low level, and the MOS tube is switched off.
It should be noted here that, in order to realize the individual control of the switches of the MOS transistors Q1, Q2, and Q3, the number of the driving circuits shown in fig. 5 is three, the driving signal output terminal (DR1) of each driving circuit is connected to the gate of a corresponding MOS transistor, and the driving signal input terminal (I/O port) is correspondingly connected to a designated chip pin of the battery management controller.
The following briefly describes the principles of the battery management system provided by the embodiment of the present invention for performing charging and discharging operations on the battery, including the steps of:
when the battery needs to be charged in a voltage-reducing mode, the discharging MOS tube Q1 of the battery management controller 100 is completely switched on, the whole circuit structure shown in fig. 1 works in a BUCK circuit topology, and the battery management controller 100 controls the switching duty ratios of the charging MOS tube Q2 and the follow current MOS tube Q3 according to the voltage and current required by the battery charging, so that the optimal charging control of the battery is realized. Referring to fig. 2, switching duty ratios of a discharging MOS transistor Q1, a charging MOS transistor Q2, and a freewheeling MOS transistor Q3 when the battery management system performs step-down charging control on a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
When the battery needs to be boosted and discharged, the battery management controller 100 controls the discharging MOS transistor Q1 to be completely turned on, the overall circuit structure shown in fig. 1 works in a BOOST circuit topology, and the battery management controller 100 controls the switching duty ratios of the charging MOS transistor Q2 and the freewheeling MOS transistor Q3 according to the voltage and current required by the battery discharging, so as to realize the optimal discharging control of the battery. Referring to fig. 3, switching duty ratios of a discharging MOS transistor Q1, a charging MOS transistor Q2, and a freewheeling MOS transistor Q3 when the battery management system according to the embodiment of the present invention performs voltage boosting discharge control on a battery.
When the battery needs to be protected from charging (for example, cell overvoltage or other charging faults occur during the charging process of the battery), the battery management controller 100 controls to turn off the charging MOS transistor Q2 to stop continuing to charge the battery.
When the battery needs to be protected from discharging (for example, a cell overdischarging or other discharging fault occurs during the discharging process of the battery), the battery management controller 100 controls to turn off the discharging MOS transistor Q1 to stop the battery from continuing to discharge.
The invention also provides a battery management method, which comprises the following steps:
when the battery needs to be charged and discharged, the battery management system with the bidirectional voltage-regulating charging and discharging function (the specific circuit structure of the battery management system is as described above and is not described herein) controls the discharging MOS transistor Q1 to be completely turned on, and controls the switching duty ratios of the charging MOS transistor Q2 and the freewheeling MOS transistor Q3, so as to provide the input voltage of the external voltage source with the charging voltage or the charging current required by the battery after performing voltage reduction control, or provide the supply voltage or the supply current required by the load after performing voltage boost control on the supply voltage of the battery;
when the battery has charging faults, the battery management system controls to close the charging MOS tube Q2 so as to stop the external voltage source from continuously charging the battery;
when the battery has a discharge fault, the battery management system controls to turn off the discharge MOS tube Q1 to stop the battery from continuing to discharge.
In summary, the internal circuit structure of the battery management system provided by the invention is simple, stable control over the battery charging and discharging process and effective protection on the battery charging and discharging safety are realized only through the discharging MOS transistor Q1, the charging MOS transistor Q2, the follow current MOS transistor Q3 and the inductor L1, the inductor L1 provides continuous discharging current for the load or continuous charging current for the battery through the follow current MOS transistor Q3, so that when a large current sudden change occurs in the circuit, circuit components are prevented from being broken down or burned out by the induction voltage of the inductor, the safety of the battery use is improved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the invention and the technical principles applied thereto. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, equivalents, changes, and the like can be made to the present invention. However, such variations are within the scope of the invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit of the invention. In addition, certain terms used in the specification and claims of the present application are not limiting, but are used merely for convenience of description.

Claims (10)

1. A battery management system with bidirectional voltage regulation charge-discharge function is characterized by comprising a battery management controller, a driving circuit, a filtering energy storage circuit, a follow current circuit and a charge-discharge conversion circuit, wherein a signal input end of the driving circuit is connected with a signal output end of the battery management controller, a signal output end of the driving circuit is connected with driving signal input ends of the follow current circuit and the charge-discharge conversion circuit, and the driving circuit is used for sending driving signals generated by the battery management controller to the follow current circuit and the charge-discharge conversion circuit so as to drive the follow current circuit and the charge-discharge conversion circuit to execute charge-discharge conversion and battery protection actions;
the electric input end A of the filtering energy storage circuit is connected with the anode of a battery, the electric output end B is connected with the electric input end C of the follow current circuit and is connected with an external voltage source or the anode output end of a load, and the filtering energy storage circuit is used for filtering and storing the charging and discharging current of the battery;
the electric output end D of the follow current circuit is connected with the first electric input end E of the charge-discharge conversion circuit, the second electric input end F of the charge-discharge conversion circuit is connected with the external voltage source or the negative electrode output end of the load, the electric output end J of the charge-discharge conversion circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the battery, and the follow current circuit is used for smoothing the charge-discharge current of the battery.
2. The battery management system of claim 1, wherein the filter tank is a magnetic element, one end of the magnetic element is used as the electrical input end a of the filter tank to connect with the positive electrode of the battery, and the other end is used as the electrical output end B of the filter tank to connect with the electrical input end C of the freewheel circuit and connect with the external voltage source or the positive electrode output end of the load.
3. The battery management system of claim 2, wherein the magnetic element is an inductor.
4. The battery management system according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the free-wheeling circuit is a free-wheeling switch tube Q3, and the battery management controller controls the on-off duty ratio of the free-wheeling switch tube Q3 to realize free-wheeling control of the whole circuit.
5. The battery management system of claim 4, wherein the freewheeling switch transistor Q3 is a freewheeling MOS transistor Q3.
6. The battery management system according to claim 5, wherein the charge-discharge conversion circuit comprises a discharge switch tube Q1 and a charge switch tube Q2, a second end J2 of the discharge switch tube Q1 is used as the electrical output end J of the charge-discharge conversion circuit to be connected with the negative electrode of the battery, a first end J1 of the discharge switch tube Q1 is connected with a first end K1 of the charge switch tube Q2, and a second end K2 of the charge switch tube Q2 is used as the second electrical input end F of the charge-discharge conversion circuit to be connected with the negative electrode output end of an external voltage source or a load;
the first end J1 of the discharge switch tube Q1 or the first end K1 of the charge switch tube Q2 is used as the first electric input end E of the charge-discharge conversion circuit;
a second end P2 of the freewheeling switch Q3 is used as the electric output end D of the freewheeling circuit and is connected with the first electric input end E of the charging and discharging conversion circuit, and a first end P1 of the freewheeling switch Q3 is connected with the electric output end B of the filtering energy storage circuit;
the first driving signal output end M1, the second driving signal output end M2 and the third driving signal output end M3 of the driving circuit are respectively and correspondingly connected with the driving signal input ends of the discharging switch tube Q1, the charging switch tube Q2 and the freewheeling switch tube Q3.
7. The battery management system according to claim 6, wherein the discharging switch Q1 is a discharging MOS transistor Q1, and the charging switch Q2 is a charging MOS transistor Q2.
8. The battery management system according to claim 7, wherein the source and the drain of the discharge MOS transistor Q1 are respectively used as the second terminal J2 and the first terminal J1 of the discharge switch transistor Q1, and the gate of the discharge MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the first driving signal output terminal M1 of the driving circuit as the driving signal input terminal of the discharge switch transistor Q1;
the drain and the source of the charging MOS transistor Q2 are respectively used as the first terminal K1 and the second terminal K2 of the charging switch transistor Q2, and the gate of the charging MOS transistor Q2 is used as the driving signal input terminal of the charging switch transistor Q2 and is connected to the second driving signal output terminal M2 of the driving circuit;
the source and the drain of the freewheeling MOS transistor Q3 are respectively used as the second terminal P2 and the first terminal P1 of the freewheeling switch transistor Q3, and the gate of the freewheeling MOS transistor Q3 is used as the driving signal input terminal of the freewheeling switch transistor Q3 and is connected to the third driving signal output terminal M3 of the driving circuit.
9. The battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the driving circuit comprises a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, an optocoupler IC2, a transistor Q5, a transistor Q6 and a diode D2, one end of the resistor R1 is connected to a PWM signal output port of the battery management controller as an I/O port of the driving circuit, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to a first port IC21 of the optocoupler IC2, a second port IC22 of the optocoupler IC2 is grounded, a third port IC23 of the optocoupler IC2 is connected to the transistor Q5 and a base of the transistor Q6, and a fourth port IC24 of the optocoupler IC2 is grounded;
one end of the resistor R2 is connected with the third port IC23 of the optocoupler IC2, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the collector of the triode Q5; the collector of the triode Q5 is externally connected with a power supply voltage, the emitter of the triode Q5 is connected with the collector of the triode Q6, and the emitter of the triode Q6 is grounded;
one end of the resistor R3 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q5, and the other end of the resistor R3 is used as a driving signal output end of the driving circuit and is connected with the driving signal input ends of the follow current circuit and the charging and discharging conversion circuit;
the diode D2 is connected in parallel across the resistor R3.
10. A battery management method is characterized in that the battery management method specifically comprises the following steps:
when the battery needs to be charged and discharged, the battery management system with the bidirectional voltage-regulating charging and discharging function controls the discharging MOS tube Q1 to be completely conducted, and controls the switching duty ratios of the charging MOS tube Q2 and the follow current MOS tube Q3 so as to provide the charging voltage or the charging current required by the battery after the input voltage of an external voltage source is subjected to voltage reduction control, or provide the required power supply voltage or the required power supply current to a load after the power supply voltage of the battery is subjected to voltage boosting control;
when the battery has charging faults, the battery management system controls to close the charging MOS tube Q2 so as to stop the external voltage source from continuously charging the battery;
when the battery has a discharge fault, the battery management system controls to turn off the discharge MOS tube Q1 to stop the battery from continuing to discharge;
the battery management system comprises a battery management controller, a driving circuit, a filtering energy storage circuit, a follow current circuit and a charging and discharging conversion circuit, wherein the signal input end of the driving circuit is connected with the signal output end of the battery management controller, the signal output end of the driving circuit is connected with the follow current circuit and the driving signal input end of the charging and discharging conversion circuit, and the driving circuit is used for sending driving signals generated by a battery manager to the follow current circuit and the charging and discharging conversion circuit so as to drive the follow current circuit and the charging and discharging conversion circuit to execute charging and discharging conversion and battery protection actions;
the electric input end A of the filtering energy storage circuit is connected with the anode of a battery, the electric output end B is connected with the electric input end C of the follow current circuit and is connected with an external voltage source or the anode output end of a load, and the filtering energy storage circuit is used for filtering and storing the charging and discharging current of the battery;
an electric output end D of the follow current circuit is connected with a first electric input end E of the charge-discharge conversion circuit, a second electric input end F of the charge-discharge conversion circuit is connected with the external voltage source or the negative electrode output end of the load, an electric output end J of the charge-discharge conversion circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the battery, and the follow current circuit is used for smoothing charge-discharge current of the battery;
the filtering energy storage circuit is an inductor, one end of the inductor is used as the electric input end A of the filtering energy storage circuit to be connected with the anode of the battery, and the other end of the inductor is used as the electric output end B of the filtering energy storage circuit to be connected with the electric input end C of the follow current circuit and to be connected with the external voltage source or the anode output end of the load;
the follow current circuit is a follow current MOS tube Q3, the charge-discharge conversion circuit comprises a discharge MOS tube Q1 and a charge MOS tube Q2, the source electrode of the discharge MOS tube Q1 is used as the electric output end J of the charge-discharge conversion circuit and is connected with the cathode of the battery, the drain electrode of the discharge MOS tube Q1 is connected with the drain electrode of the charge MOS tube Q2, and the source electrode of the charge MOS tube Q2 is used as the second electric input end F of the charge-discharge conversion circuit and is connected with an external voltage source or the cathode output end of a load;
the drain electrode of the discharging MOS tube Q1 or the drain electrode of the charging MOS tube Q2 is used as the first electric input end E of the charging and discharging conversion circuit;
the source electrode of the follow current MOS tube Q3 is used as the electric output end D of the follow current circuit and is connected with the first electric input end E of the charge-discharge conversion circuit, and the drain electrode of the follow current MOS tube Q3 is connected with the electric output end B of the inductor;
a first driving signal output end M1, a second driving signal output end M2 and a third driving signal output end M3 of the driving circuit are respectively and correspondingly connected with the grids of the discharging MOS tube Q1, the charging MOS tube Q2 and the follow current MOS tube Q3;
the driving circuit comprises a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, an optocoupler IC2, a triode Q5, a transistor Q6 and a diode D2, one end of the resistor R1 is used as an I/O port of the driving circuit and connected with a PWM signal output port of the battery management controller, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with a first port IC21 of the optocoupler IC2, a second port IC22 of the optocoupler IC2 is grounded, a third port IC23 of the optocoupler IC2 is connected with the base electrodes of the triode Q5 and the triode Q6, and a fourth port IC24 of the optocoupler IC2 is grounded;
one end of the resistor R2 is connected with the third port IC23 of the optocoupler IC2, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the collector of the triode Q5; the collector of the triode Q5 is externally connected with a power supply voltage, the emitter of the triode Q5 is connected with the collector of the triode Q6, and the emitter of the triode Q6 is grounded;
one end of the resistor R3 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q5, and the other end of the resistor R3 is used as the first driving signal output end M1, the second driving signal output end M2 or the third driving signal output end M3 of the driving circuit to be connected to the driving signal input ends of the freewheeling circuit and the charging and discharging conversion circuit;
the diode D2 is connected in parallel across the resistor R3.
CN202110647952.2A 2021-06-10 2021-06-10 Battery management system with bidirectional voltage-regulating charge-discharge function and management method Pending CN113346589A (en)

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