CN113346125A - Lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN113346125A CN113346125A CN202110604259.7A CN202110604259A CN113346125A CN 113346125 A CN113346125 A CN 113346125A CN 202110604259 A CN202110604259 A CN 202110604259A CN 113346125 A CN113346125 A CN 113346125A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a lithium ion battery. The lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode material and a negative electrode material; the anode material is mainly prepared from an anode active material, an anode conductive agent, an anode adhesive and an anode solvent; the positive active material comprises at least one of lithium cobaltate, lithium vanadium phosphate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide and lithium manganese oxide; the negative electrode material is mainly prepared from a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode conductive agent, a negative electrode binder and a negative electrode solvent; the negative electrode active material includes at least one of lithium titanium phosphate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium titanate, and titanium niobate. The working platform of the lithium ion battery is stable between 1.30V and 1.60V, the lithium ion battery has excellent battery cycle performance, the service life is longer, and the charging speed is very high; and electrochemical polarization can be reduced, so that the low-temperature performance of the battery is improved, and charge and discharge at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a lithium ion battery.
Background
The prior art batteries have the following disadvantages: the dry battery can not be charged and used, the use cost is high, and the heavy metal is contained, so the environment pollution is serious; the nickel-metal hydride battery has low voltage platform, low use power, poor use effect of a plurality of electric appliances, large self-discharge, and quick capacity attenuation if the electric appliances are not used after charging; the common lithium ion battery reduces the voltage by 1.5V and outputs, the cost is high (the price of a monomer is more than 10 yuan), the battery is unsafe (based on potential safety hazards such as easy explosion and combustion of the 3.7V/3.2V lithium ion battery), the service life is short (generally about 300 times of charging and discharging), the performance of the voltage reduction plate is unstable, and charging and discharging failure is easily caused; the lithium iron battery has high cost and short service life; the zinc ion battery has immature technology and short service life.
Carbon materials, such as graphite, coke, etc., are commonly used in the negative electrodes of lithium ion batteries that are currently commercialized. The carbon material is low in lithium potential (0-0.2V), and when the battery is overcharged or charged and discharged at a large current, metal lithium is easily separated out from the surface of an electrode, so that the internal short circuit of the battery is caused, and further, the thermal runaway causes the battery to be ignited or even explode, so that serious potential safety hazards are brought.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
One purpose of the invention is to provide a lithium ion battery, wherein a working platform is stabilized between 1.30-1.60V, stable power is continuously output to an electric appliance, the lithium ion battery has excellent battery cycle performance, the service life is longer, and the charging speed is very high; and electrochemical polarization can be reduced, thereby improving the low-temperature performance of the battery.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
a lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode material and a negative electrode material;
the positive electrode material is mainly prepared from the following components in percentage by mass (90-96): (1-3): (1-2): (40-60) preparing a positive active material, a positive conductive agent, a positive adhesive and a positive solvent; the positive active material comprises at least one of lithium cobaltate, lithium vanadium phosphate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide and lithium manganese oxide;
the negative electrode material is mainly prepared from the following components in percentage by mass (90-96): (1-3): (2-5): (120-150) preparing a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode conductive agent, a negative electrode binder and a negative electrode solvent; the negative electrode active material includes at least one of lithium titanium phosphate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium titanate, and titanium niobate.
Preferably, the positive electrode active material is lithium cobaltate, and the negative electrode active material is lithium titanium phosphate;
or the positive active material is lithium vanadium phosphate, and the negative active material is lithium titanium phosphate;
or the positive active material is lithium iron phosphate, and the negative active material is lithium titanate;
or the positive active material is lithium iron phosphate, and the negative active material is titanium niobate.
Preferably, the slurry viscosity of the cathode material is 2000-15000 mPas.
Preferably, the slurry viscosity of the negative electrode material is 1000-10000 mPas.
Preferably, the positive electrode conductive agent includes at least one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, SUPER-P series, and KS series;
preferably, the negative electrode conductive agent includes at least one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, SUPER-P series, and KS series.
Preferably, the positive electrode binder comprises PVDF;
preferably, the negative electrode binder comprises PVDF.
Preferably, the positive electrode solvent includes N-methylpyrrolidone;
preferably, the negative electrode solvent includes N-methylpyrrolidone.
Preferably, the battery further comprises an electrolyte;
preferably, the solute of the electrolyte comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate and/or lithium tetrafluoroborate;
preferably, the solvent of the electrolyte includes at least one of ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and propylene carbonate.
Preferably, the battery further comprises a separator;
preferably, the material of the diaphragm comprises polypropylene and/or polyethylene;
preferably, the thickness of the diaphragm is 4-25 μm.
Preferably, the matrix of the positive electrode is selected from aluminum foil and/or copper foil;
preferably, the matrix of the negative electrode is selected from aluminum foil and/or copper foil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the lithium ion battery working platform is stable between 1.30V and 1.60V, continuously outputs stable power to an electric appliance, has excellent battery cycle performance, is longer in service life, is very fast in charging speed, can realize charging for 5-10 minutes (6-10C multiplying power), and greatly improves the user experience; and electrochemical polarization is reduced, so that the low-temperature performance of the battery is improved, and charge and discharge at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ can be realized; the battery of the present invention is environmentally friendly against the environmental damage of dry batteries (alkaline or carbon batteries).
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a discharge curve of the battery of example 1;
fig. 2 is a graph showing the cycle performance of the battery in example 1.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
According to one aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a lithium ion battery comprising a positive electrode material and a negative electrode material;
the positive electrode material is mainly prepared from the following components in percentage by mass (90-96): (1-3): (1-2): (40-60) preparing a positive active material, a positive conductive agent, a positive adhesive and a positive solvent; the positive active material comprises at least one of lithium cobaltate, lithium vanadium phosphate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide and lithium manganese oxide;
the negative electrode material is mainly prepared from the following components in percentage by mass (90-96): (1-3): (2-5): (120-150) preparing a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode conductive agent, a negative electrode binder and a negative electrode solvent; the negative electrode active material includes at least one of lithium titanium phosphate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium titanate, and titanium niobate.
The charging voltage of the battery is set to be 2.1V or 2.0V, and the open-circuit voltage after charging is about 1.80V (for example, the overcharge voltage is 2.0V, the open-circuit voltage can be reduced to be about 1.75V), and the open-circuit voltage is equivalent to the open-circuit voltage of a new dry battery (about 1.68V); the discharge termination voltage can be set to 0.7V, releasing nearly 100% of the battery energy; the battery working platform is stabilized between 1.30 and 1.60V, and stable power is continuously output to the electric appliance; the battery is safe and reliable; has excellent cycle life; the charging speed is very fast; and electrochemical polarization is reduced, so that the low-temperature performance of the battery is improved, and charge and discharge at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ can be realized.
The lithium titanium phosphate is used as the lithium ion battery cathode material, the theoretical gram capacity of the lithium titanium phosphate is close to 140mAh/g, and the lithium titanium phosphate has the advantages of low price, stable structure, environmental friendliness and good chemical compatibility. The electrochemical reaction platform is stable (about 2.45V).
In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the positive electrode active material, the positive electrode conductive agent, the positive electrode binder and the positive electrode solvent is (90-96): (1-3): (2-5): (120-150), and can also select 90:1:2:120, 91:1.5:2.5:130, 92:2:3:130, 94:2.6:3.8:140, 95:2.5:4:140 or 96:3:5: 150.
In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the negative electrode active material, the negative electrode conductive agent, the negative electrode binder and the negative electrode solvent is (90-96): (1-3): (2-5): (120-150), and can also select 90:1:2:120, 91:1.5:2.5:130, 92:2:3:130, 94:2:3.5:140, 95:2.3:4:140 or 96:3:5: 150.
Preferably, the positive electrode active material is lithium cobaltate, and the negative electrode active material is lithium titanium phosphate.
Or the positive active material is lithium vanadium phosphate, and the negative active material is lithium titanium phosphate.
Or the positive active material is lithium iron phosphate, and the negative active material is lithium titanate.
Preferably, the working voltage of the positive active material is 3.0-4.35V.
Preferably, the working voltage of the negative active material is 2.0-2.6V.
Or the positive active material is lithium iron phosphate, and the negative active material is titanium niobate.
In one embodiment, the positive active material of the present invention is lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO)4) It has the advantages of high energy density, high safety, long service life and the like; titanium niobate (TiNb)6O17) As a lithium ion battery cathode material, the theoretical gram capacity of the material is close to 250mAh/g, and the material has the advantages of stable structure, environmental friendliness, good chemical compatibility and stable electrochemical reaction platform (about 1.65V). The titanium niobate is matched with lithium iron phosphate (the platform potential is about 3.3V) to obtain an all-battery discharge platform of about 1.6-1.65V.
Preferably, the slurry viscosity of the cathode material is 2000-15000 mPas.
The mixture of the positive active material, the positive conductive agent, the positive adhesive and the positive solvent is uniformly stirred to obtain the positive slurry.
In one embodiment, the slurry viscosity of the positive electrode material is 2000 to 15000 mPas, and 3000 mPas, 5000 mPas, 6000 mPas, 7000 mPas, 8000 mPas, 9000 mPas, 10000 mPas, 11000 mPas, 12000 mPas, 13000 mPas, 14000 mPas or 15000 mPas may be selected.
Preferably, the slurry viscosity of the negative electrode material is 1000-10000 mPas.
According to the invention, the mixture of the negative electrode active material, the negative electrode conductive agent, the negative electrode binder and the negative electrode solvent is uniformly stirred to obtain the negative electrode slurry.
In one embodiment, the slurry viscosity of the negative electrode material is 1000 to 10000 mPas, and 500 mPas, 1000 mPas, 2000 mPas, 3000 mPas, 4000 mPas, 5000 mPas, 6000 mPas, 7000 mPas, 8000 mPas, 9000 mPas or 9500 mPas may be selected.
Preferably, the positive electrode conductive agent includes at least one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, SUPER-P series, and KS series.
Preferably, the negative electrode conductive agent includes at least one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, SUPER-P series, and KS series.
Carbon nanotubes can be classified into single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The invention adopts proper amount of carbon nano tube as conductive agent, which can well cloth perfect conductive network, and the carbon nano tube and active substance are in point-line contact, which has great effect on improving battery capacity (improving pole piece compaction density), multiplying power performance, battery cycle life and reducing battery interface impedance.
The invention adopts a proper amount of SUPER-P series conductive carbon black, improves the electron transmission between the active material coating and the current collector, reduces the interface contact resistance of the motor, plays a role in depolarization, and has the following characteristics in reinforcing performance; (1) high hardness, (2) "high heat generating property", (3) high stretchability, and other overall average characteristics.
The KS series conductive agent of the present invention includes KS 6 and/or KS 15.
Preferably, the positive electrode binder comprises PVDF.
Preferably, the negative electrode binder comprises PVDF.
Preferably, the PVDF is HSV-900.
PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) has the characteristics of both fluororesin and general resin, and has special properties such as piezoelectric property, dielectric property, thermoelectric property and the like besides good chemical corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, weather resistance and ray radiation resistance. The positive electrode material and the negative electrode material adopt proper amount of PVDF as the binder, thereby further prolonging the cycle service life of the battery.
Preferably, the positive electrode solvent includes N-methylpyrrolidone.
Preferably, the negative electrode solvent includes N-methylpyrrolidone.
Preferably, the battery further comprises an electrolyte.
Preferably, the solute of the electrolyte comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate and/or lithium tetrafluoroborate.
Preferably, the solvent of the electrolyte includes at least one of ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and propylene carbonate.
The concentration of the solute is 0.8-2.0 mol/L. And 0.5-5% of additive can be added to improve the conductivity, inhibit gas generation, improve the cycle and storage performance and the like.
Preferably, the battery further comprises a separator.
Preferably, the material of the diaphragm comprises polypropylene (PP) and/or Polyethylene (PE).
Preferably, the thickness of the diaphragm is 4-25 μm.
In one embodiment, the thickness of the separator is 4 to 25 μm, and may be selected from 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, 10 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, 13 μm, 14 μm, 15 μm, 16 μm, 17 μm, 18 μm, 19 μm, 20 μm, 21 μm, 22 μm, 23 μm, 24 μm, and 25 μm.
Preferably, the matrix of the positive electrode is selected from aluminum foil and/or copper foil;
preferably, the matrix of the negative electrode is selected from aluminum foil and/or copper foil.
The battery of the present invention can be sized according to customer needs. The shape of the battery includes at least one of a cylindrical shape, a square shape and a flexible package, or any other shape of battery.
The preparation method of the lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing materials: according to the formula, respectively preparing anode slurry and cathode slurry by vacuum stirring;
(b) coating: coating the positive electrode slurry and the negative electrode slurry on a positive electrode base material and a negative electrode base material respectively according to the process design to prepare a coiled positive electrode piece and a coiled negative electrode piece;
(c) rolling and cutting: compacting and slitting the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece according to the process design to prepare the required pole pieces;
(d) assembling: assembling into cylindrical, square, polymer flexible package, etc. according to the requirement;
(e) liquid injection: injecting corresponding electrolyte according to the performance requirement of the battery;
(f) activating to form: pre-charging the battery to activate the active material;
(g) aging: generally aging at high temperature and normal temperature;
(h) and (3) detection: the method comprises the test of a plurality of performance indexes such as capacity, voltage, internal resistance and the like.
The invention will be further explained with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, electrolyte, a diaphragm, a positive electrode matrix and a negative electrode matrix;
the positive electrode material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 95: 2:3: 50 of positive active material, positive conductive agent, positive adhesive and positive solvent; the positive electrode active material is lithium cobaltate, the positive electrode conductive agent is a carbon nano tube, the positive electrode adhesive is PVDF, and the positive electrode solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone; the viscosity of the positive electrode slurry was 12000mPa · s;
the anode material is prepared from the following components in mass ratio of 96: 1.5:2.5:130, a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode conductive agent, a negative electrode binder, and a negative electrode solvent; the negative electrode active material is lithium titanium phosphate, the negative electrode conductive agent is a carbon nano tube, the negative electrode binder is PVDF, and the negative electrode solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone; the viscosity of the negative electrode slurry was 5000mPa · s;
the solute of the electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate, and the solvent of the electrolyte is ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate;
the diaphragm is made of PP (polypropylene), and the thickness of the diaphragm is 12 microns; the positive electrode substrate of the battery is selected from aluminum foil, and the negative electrode substrate of the battery is selected from aluminum foil.
Example 2
A lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, electrolyte, a diaphragm, a positive electrode matrix and a negative electrode matrix;
the positive electrode material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 90: 3.5: 6.5: 40 of positive active material, positive conductive agent, positive adhesive and positive solvent; the positive electrode active material is lithium vanadium phosphate, the positive electrode conductive agent is a carbon nano tube, the positive electrode adhesive is PVDF, and the positive electrode solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone; the viscosity of the positive electrode slurry is 13000mPa & s;
the anode material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 92: 3.5: 4.5: 120 of a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode conductive agent, a negative electrode binder and a negative electrode solvent; the negative electrode active material is lithium titanium phosphate, the negative electrode conductive agent is a carbon nano tube, the negative electrode binder is PVDF, and the negative electrode solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone; the viscosity of the negative electrode slurry is 6000mPa · s;
the solute of the electrolyte is lithium tetrafluoroborate, and the solvent of the electrolyte is diethyl carbonate and methyl ethylene carbonate;
the diaphragm is made of PE, and the thickness of the diaphragm is 10 micrometers; the positive electrode substrate of the battery is selected from aluminum foil, and the negative electrode substrate of the battery is selected from aluminum foil.
Example 3
A lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, electrolyte, a diaphragm, a positive electrode matrix and a negative electrode matrix;
the positive electrode material is prepared from the following components in mass ratio of 96: 2:2: 60 of a positive electrode active material, a positive electrode conductive agent, a positive electrode adhesive and a positive electrode solvent; the positive electrode active material is lithium iron phosphate, the positive electrode conductive agents are super-P and KS 15, the positive electrode adhesive is PVDF, and the positive electrode solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone; the viscosity of the positive electrode slurry was 9000mPa · s;
the anode material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 94: 3: 3: 150 of negative active material, negative conductive agent, negative adhesive and negative solvent; the negative electrode active material is lithium titanate, the negative electrode conductive agents are super-P and KS 15, the negative electrode adhesive is PVDF, and the negative electrode solvent comprises N-methylpyrrolidone; the viscosity of the negative electrode slurry is 4000mPa · s;
solutes of the electrolyte comprise lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium tetrafluoroborate, and solvents of the electrolyte comprise ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate;
the diaphragm is made of PP (polypropylene), and the thickness of the diaphragm is 5 mu m; the positive electrode matrix of the battery is selected from aluminum foil, and the negative electrode matrix is selected from copper foil.
Example 4
A lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, electrolyte, a diaphragm, a positive electrode matrix and a negative electrode matrix;
the positive electrode material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 95: 2.2: 2.8: 55 of positive active material, positive conductive agent, positive adhesive and positive solvent; the positive electrode active material is lithium iron phosphate, the positive electrode conductive agent is a carbon nano tube, the positive electrode adhesive is PVDF, and the positive electrode solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone; the viscosity of the positive electrode slurry is 10000 mPa.s;
the anode material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 92: 3.5: 4.5: 145 negative active material, negative conductive agent, negative adhesive and negative solvent; the negative electrode active material is titanium niobate, the negative electrode conductive agent is a carbon nano tube, the negative electrode binder is PVDF, and the negative electrode solvent comprises N-methylpyrrolidone; the viscosity of the negative electrode slurry was 4500mPa · s;
the solute of the electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate, and the solvent of the electrolyte is dimethyl carbonate;
the diaphragm is made of PP (polypropylene), and the thickness of the diaphragm is 16 microns; the positive electrode substrate of the battery is selected from aluminum foil, and the negative electrode substrate of the battery is selected from aluminum foil.
Examples of the experiments
In embodiment 1 of the invention, the high-voltage lithium cobaltate electrochemical reaction platform is about 4.0V-3.8V, the titanium lithium phosphate electrochemical reaction platform is very stable and is kept near 2.45V (2.4-2.5V) for a long time, and the battery working voltage is the difference value of the electrochemical reaction potentials of the positive and negative active materials, so that the battery working platform is stabilized between 1.30V and 1.60V and continuously outputs stable power to an electrical appliance; (4.0-2.4 ═ 1.6v, 3.8-2.5 ═ 1.3 v). The discharge curves of the batteries of example 1 (model number IDR14500-800) are shown in fig. 1.
The negative active material obtained in the invention does not form lithium dendrite, so that lithium cannot be separated out, and the potential safety hazard of the lithium ion battery is thoroughly solved. The battery samples in the embodiments of the invention are subjected to safety tests such as overcharge, needling, short circuit, impact, extrusion and the like according to the UL1642 standard, and the battery does not catch fire or explode, so that the battery is proved to be free from fire and explosion under any abuse conditions, and real safety is realized.
The negative electrode material has high stability (no stress change, no obvious expansion and contraction of volume, and less than or equal to 0.3 percent of delta V) in the charging and discharging processes; the battery of the invention has excellent cycle performance, can be normally used for more than 5000 times, and has very low actual use cost for users. The dry battery in the prior art has high use cost, the nickel-metal hydride battery generally has 200-300 weeks, the lithium-iron battery generally has 100-200 weeks, and the service life is shorter. The cycle performance of the battery in example 1 of the present invention is shown in fig. 2.
And in the charging process, the reaction speed of lithium ions on the surface of the negative electrode is high, the conductivity of the negative electrode is more than ten times higher than that of graphite, the lithium ion battery can be charged quickly (compared with the condition that the intercalation reaction speed of the lithium ions in the graphite laminated structure is very slow), the charging speed of the battery is very high, 5-10 minutes (6-10C multiplying power) charging can be realized, and the use experience of a user is greatly improved. In the prior art, the nickel-metal hydride battery is charged for about 5 to 7 hours, the voltage-reduction output battery is charged for about 1 to 3 hours, and the lithium-iron battery is charged for about 1 to 3 hours. The results of the charging and discharging are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 charging and discharging conditions
And fifthly, in the invention, because the lithium ions are quickly inserted into and separated from the negative electrode, the electrochemical polarization is greatly reduced, and the low-temperature performance of the battery is improved. The battery of the invention has excellent low-temperature performance, can realize charging and discharging at-40 ℃, greatly improves the defect of poor using effect of the common battery in winter, and is very important for users in specific using environments. In the prior art: the service temperature of the dry battery is above-10 ℃, the service temperature of the nickel-metal hydride battery is above 0 ℃, the service temperature of the voltage reduction output battery is above-20 ℃, and the service temperature of the lithium-iron battery is above-10 ℃. The low temperature performance test results of the battery of the present invention are shown in table 2.
Table 2 low temperature performance test results of the battery
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising a positive electrode material and a negative electrode material;
the positive electrode material is mainly prepared from the following components in percentage by mass (90-96): (1-3): (1-2): (40-60) preparing a positive active material, a positive conductive agent, a positive adhesive and a positive solvent; the positive active material comprises at least one of lithium cobaltate, lithium vanadium phosphate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide and lithium manganese oxide;
the negative electrode material is mainly prepared from the following components in percentage by mass (90-96): (1-3): (2-5): (120-150) preparing a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode conductive agent, a negative electrode binder and a negative electrode solvent; the negative electrode active material includes at least one of lithium titanium phosphate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium titanate, and titanium niobate.
2. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode active material is lithium cobaltate, and the negative electrode active material is lithium titanium phosphate;
or the positive active material is lithium vanadium phosphate, and the negative active material is lithium titanium phosphate;
or the positive active material is lithium iron phosphate, and the negative active material is lithium titanate;
or the positive active material is lithium iron phosphate, and the negative active material is titanium niobate.
3. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the slurry viscosity of the positive electrode material is 2000 to 15000 mPa-s.
4. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the slurry viscosity of the negative electrode material is 1000 to 10000 mPa-s.
5. The lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode conductive agent comprises at least one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, SUPER-P series, and KS series;
preferably, the negative electrode conductive agent includes at least one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, SUPER-P series, and KS series.
6. The lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode binder comprises PVDF;
preferably, the negative electrode binder comprises PVDF.
7. The lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode solvent comprises N-methylpyrrolidone;
preferably, the negative electrode solvent includes N-methylpyrrolidone.
8. The lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the battery further comprises an electrolyte;
preferably, the solute of the electrolyte comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate and/or lithium tetrafluoroborate;
preferably, the solvent of the electrolyte includes at least one of ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and propylene carbonate.
9. The lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the battery further comprises a separator;
preferably, the material of the diaphragm comprises polypropylene and/or polyethylene;
preferably, the thickness of the diaphragm is 4-25 μm.
10. The lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the matrix of the positive electrode is selected from aluminum foil and/or copper foil;
preferably, the matrix of the negative electrode is selected from aluminum foil and/or copper foil.
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| PCT/CN2021/141367 WO2022252588A1 (en) | 2021-05-31 | 2021-12-24 | Lithium-ion battery |
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