CN113343537B - Method for predicting and evaluating dog bone section shape in width fixing process of width fixing press - Google Patents
Method for predicting and evaluating dog bone section shape in width fixing process of width fixing press Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for predicting and evaluating the dog bone section shape in the width fixing process of a width fixing press, aiming at obtaining the influence rule of process parameters on the dog bone section parameters through finite element simulation, and further fitting the dog bone section to achieve the aim of predicting the dog bone section shape; meanwhile, a dog bone section shape evaluation method is provided. According to the method, a mathematical model of the dog-bone section of the plate blank of the fixed-width press is established, process procedures and equipment parameters in the plate blank rolling process are comprehensively considered, the actual field is restored to the maximum extent, the shape curve of the section of the plate blank after the fixed-width process is accurately predicted through finite element simulation and function fitting, and the problem that the section of the plate blank is difficult to measure in the fixed-width process is solved; meanwhile, an evaluation method of the section shape of the dog bone is provided. The invention can improve the control precision, provide guidance for the subsequent width control and improve the productivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of continuous casting and rolling, in particular to a method for predicting and evaluating the section shape of a dog bone in a width fixing process of a width fixing press.
Background
With the continuous development of continuous casting and rolling technology, the online width control technology is also greatly developed. The width adjusting device comprises a fixed width press, a vertical roller, a fixed width press and a control system. Because the width adjusting quantity is large, the transverse deformation extends into the center of the plate blank, the whole thickness of the plate blank is increased after the width is fixed, but the partial non-uniform deformation of the edge part leads the edge part to have obvious drum shape, so that the cross section of the plate blank is in a dog bone shape with high two ends and low middle, the dog bone width expansion can be generated during the subsequent flat roll rolling, and the width fixing efficiency, the width precision and the yield are influenced.
In the width fixing process of the width fixing press, a width measuring instrument arranged on a rolling line only can measure the width of a plate blank before and after width fixing, and the shape of the cross section of the plate blank is difficult to measure; meanwhile, when the plate blank is in the hot continuous rolling process, the plate blank after being subjected to width setting immediately enters the rolling of the next stage, and it is not practical to measure the section shapes of all the plate blanks by taking all the plate blanks off the line.
Finite element simulation methods are widely used due to their practicality and efficiency, and data that are difficult to obtain on-site can be obtained. At present, for the research of the fixed width machine, a Chinese patent CN 1437348, a fixed width press and a rolling control method thereof, is researched from the equipment aspect, and the phenomenon of steel scrap and equipment damage caused by the fact that a pinch roll falls down in advance is avoided through a controller. Forouzan (Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2008,209 (2): 728-736.) compares the deformation of the slab when the width of the fixed width press and the vertical rolls is adjusted; von constitution (rolled steel, 2005 (03): 28-30.) the variation of rolling force during the sizing was studied using the finite element method; guanlikun (forging technology, 2015,40 (12): 131-136.) and the like use LS-DYNA to study the influence of the width, thickness and rolling force of the slab on the height of the dog bone at a fixed width; chinese patent CN 102989784A, a fixed width press plate blank width control method, establishes fixed width press short stroke control, optimizes tongue and fish tail phenomena generated at the head and tail of strip steel, improves the head and tail shape of the strip steel and improves the yield; chinese patent CN 105930594A, a method for predicting the dog bone shape of a rolled piece in vertical rolling, obtains a dog bone mathematical model of the rolled piece after vertical rolling by an analytical method.
In the above studies, the positions of key points in the cross-sectional shape of the dog bone were studied, and the overall shape was not studied in a systematic manner, a modeling description of the cross-section was not given, and the cross-sectional shape was not determined. Meanwhile, the dog bone shape after the vertical roll rolling is different from the working mechanism of the fixed width press in the width adjusting process, so that the dog bone model of the vertical rolled piece is not suitable for the width adjusting process of the fixed width press.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for predicting and evaluating the section shape of a dog bone in a width fixing process of a width fixing press, aiming at the defects in the prior art. The method aims to obtain the rule of influence of the process parameters on the cross section parameters of the dog bone through finite element simulation, and further fit the cross section of the dog bone to achieve the aim of predicting the shape of the cross section of the dog bone; meanwhile, a dog bone section shape evaluation method is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: the method for predicting the section shape of the dog bone in the width fixing process of the width fixing press comprises the following steps of:
step 1: establishing a finite element model
Establishing a finite element model of the width fixing process of the start-stop type width fixing press by using field actual data;
and 2, step: finite element analysis
Step 2.1: arranging process parameters by using an orthogonal experiment method, wherein the process parameters refer to the initial width B of the plate blank 0 Initial thickness H of slab 0 Width adjustment amount Δ B e Establishing a plurality of groups of finite element models according to the combination condition of the process parameters, and obtaining the section shape of the plate blank after the width is determined by using a finite element tool;
step 2.2: according to the slabThe cross-sectional shape after the width, extract the dog bone cross-sectional parameter, respectively: thickness of dog bone H m Thickness H of the slab at the contact with the sizing mill r Middle thickness H c Range of dog bone affected zone l a Position of dog bone peak l d (distance from the dog bone peak to the edge part), and obtaining the variation trend of the dog bone section parameters under different process parameters;
and step 3: fitting of dog bone cross-section shape
Step 3.1: establishing a function H of the dog bone section parameters by referring to the finite element analysis result m 、H r 、H c 、l a 、l d By the expression of (a), with the initial width of the blank B 0 Initial thickness H of slab 0 Width adjustment amount Δ B e Performing function fitting by using finite element simulation data to obtain undetermined coefficients of a function expression, wherein the output quantity is a dog bone section parameter;
step 3.2: and fitting the cross section shape by using the dog bone cross section parameters according to the actual slab cross section shape and the finite element analysis result to obtain a prediction curve H (x) of the dog bone cross section shape.
Further, the step 1 specifically includes:
step 1.1: model material selection
The material properties of the hammerhead and the plate blank are characterized by using material parameters;
step 1.2: determining parameters of a plate blank and a hammer head model in a finite element modeling process;
step 1.3: establishment of finite element model
And establishing a finite element solid model according to model parameters of the hammerhead and the plate blank, using a 1/4 model by combining the width fixing process of a width fixing press machine and the symmetrical characteristic of the shape of the plate blank to reduce the calculation time, carrying out mesh division on the established finite element solid model, and setting boundary conditions and motion attributes.
Further, the material parameters in step 1.1 include density, poisson's ratio, young's modulus, and temperature.
Further, the slab model parameters in the step 1.2 include slab length, slab initial width range, slab initial thickness range, width adjustment range, slab temperature and hammer head temperature; the parameters of the hammer head model comprise the length of a hammer head chamfer and the length of a contact inclined plane of the hammer head and the plate blank.
Further, when the slab is divided into grids in the step 1.3, SOLID164 units and hexahedral grids are adopted; when the hammer head divides the grid, SOLID168 units and tetrahedral grids are adopted.
Further, the setting of the boundary condition and the motion attribute in step 1.3 specifically includes:
setting contact between the plate blank and the hammer head by adopting a finite element tool, and defining the contact type as surface-surface contact;
setting the boundary of the plate blank by adopting a finite element tool, wherein the width boundary and the thickness boundary are set as symmetrical boundaries;
the finite element tool is adopted to apply motion to the hammer head and the plate blank, the hammer head defines reciprocating motion in the width direction of the plate blank, and the plate blank defines forward motion in the length direction.
Further, the function H of the dog bone section parameter established in said step 3.1 m 、H r 、H c 、l a 、l d The expression of (a) is:
wherein a is 1～5 、b 1～5 、c 1～5 、d 1～5 Is the undetermined coefficient.
Further, the step 3.2 specifically includes:
establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the center of the cross section of the plate blank after width setting as the original point, the width direction as the x axis and the thickness direction as the y axis, and obtaining key points on the 1/4 dog bone section by utilizing a function expression of dog bone section parameters
According to the actual sectional shape of the slab and the finite element analysis result, the sectional area of the slab is divided into two areas, and the ranges of the two areas are as follows:
in the region I, the first and second regions,
in the area II, the first and second zones,
wherein B is 1 For fixing the width of the rear slab, and B 1 ＝B 0 -ΔB e ；
And (3) fitting the cross section shape, wherein a constant is adopted in the area I, and a cubic function is used for describing during fitting of the area II, so that a prediction curve H (x) of the cross section shape of the dog bone is obtained.
The invention also provides a method for evaluating the section shape of the dog bone in the width fixing process of the width fixing press, which comprises the following steps:
normalizing the obtained dog bone section shape prediction curve H (x); calculating the average value of the normalized dog bone section shape; and expressing the dog bone section rectangularity sigma by using the normalized standard deviation, and grading the dog bone section shape according to the dog bone section rectangularity sigma.
Further, the normalization process uses the following equation:
the average expression of the normalized dog bone section is as follows:
the expression of the squareness of the section of the dog bone is as follows:
further, the method for grading the dog bone section shape according to the dog bone section rectangle degree sigma comprises the following steps:
if the squareness of the dog bone section is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2, the evaluation grade is first grade;
if the squareness of the section of the dog bone is more than 0.2 and less than or equal to 0.4, the evaluation grade is two-grade;
if the squareness of the dog bone section is more than 0.4 and less than or equal to 0.6, the evaluation grade is three grade;
if the squareness of the section of the dog bone is more than 0.6 and less than or equal to 0.8, the evaluation grade is four grades;
if the squareness of the section of the dog bone is more than 0.8 and less than 1, the evaluation grade is five grades;
the smaller the rectangle degree of the dog bone section is, the higher the grade of the dog bone section shape is.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention establishes a dog-bone section shape mathematical model of the plate blank of the width fixing press, comprehensively considers the process procedures and equipment parameters in the plate blank rolling process, reduces the field reality to the maximum extent, accurately predicts the shape curve of the plate blank section after width fixing through finite element simulation and function fitting, and solves the problem that the plate blank section is difficult to measure in the width fixing process; meanwhile, an evaluation method of the section shape of the dog bone is provided. The invention can improve the control precision, provide guidance for the subsequent width control and improve the productivity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention for predicting the cross-sectional shape of a dog bone;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a finite element model in the step of establishing a finite element model according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional shape comparison of the dog bone before and after the width setting in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional shape of a 1/4 dog bone to be fitted in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a comparison diagram of the field data verification step function verification according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of evaluation of the cross-sectional shape of the dog bone in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
Examples
Taking the selection of different width modulation models as an example for analysis, all data are used for fitting, and the process is shown in fig. 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a finite element model
Step 1.1: model material selection
The slab model material uses a bilinear follow-up reinforcement model, namely a two-segment form is used for representing the constitutive relation of the material. The material parameters of the slab and the hammer head are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Material parameters of slab and hammer
Step 1.2: determining slab and hammerhead model parameters in finite element modeling process
Obtaining the size of a hammerhead of the constant-width press and the motion mode of a model; the initial length of the plate blank is 8000mm, the initial width range of the plate blank is 1200 mm-2000 mm, the initial thickness range of the plate blank is 200 mm-275 mm, the width adjusting amount range is 100-350 mm, the temperature of the plate blank is 1100 ℃, and the temperature of the hammer head is 25 ℃;
the chamfer angle of the hammer head is 13 degrees, and the length of the contact inclined plane of the hammer head and the plate blank is 570mm.
The fixed-width press adopts a start-stop fixed-width machine for modeling, and the hammer head reciprocates along the width direction of the plate blank;
step 1.3: finite element model building
Firstly, establishing an entity model: based on field data, establishing a three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element model in a width fixing process by using ANSYS software: according to the width fixing process of the width fixing machine and the symmetric characteristic of slab deformation, the calculation time is saved, and a 1/4 model is adopted for modeling; meanwhile, under the condition of not influencing the result, the length of the plate blank is reduced and is set to be 2500mm; setting a width and thickness symmetry plane; the material properties of the hammerhead and the plate blank are characterized by material parameters, wherein the material parameters comprise density rho (kg/m), poisson ratio mu, young modulus E (Pa) and temperature T (DEG C);
performing mesh division on the model by using an ANSYS mesh division tool, wherein the plate blank adopts SOLID164 units and hexahedron meshes; the hammerhead adopts SOLID168 units and tetrahedral meshes which are all the same in size;
taking a plate blank of 1520mm multiplied by 230mm multiplied by 2500mm as an example, establishing a finite element model of a hammer head and the plate blank, wherein the front end of the hammer head is flush with the plate blank, in order to save the calculation time, a 1/4 model is adopted, and the size of the finite element model of the plate blank is 760mm multiplied by 115mm multiplied by 3500mm; when the grids are divided, hexahedral grids are used for the plate blank, the number of the grids is 149632, tetrahedral grids are used for hammer head grid division, the number of the grids is 17815, and a finite element model diagram is shown in fig. 2;
the contact between the hammer and the plate blank is surface-to-surface contact, the dynamic friction factor is 0.25, and the static friction factor is 0.3. Symmetrical boundaries are provided on the width and thickness symmetry planes.
The hammer head and the plate blank are set to move, the hammer head defines the reciprocating motion of the width direction of the plate blank, and the plate blank defines the forward motion of the length direction.
Step 2: finite element analysis
Step 2.1: numerical simulation experimental arrangement
In order to completely analyze the influence of the process parameters on the dog bone section, the process parameters are selected by adopting an orthogonal experiment method, 3 factors and 6 levels are adopted, and L36 (6) is selected 3 ) Orthogonal test table, as shown in table 2. Establishing a plurality of groups of finite element models by using different process parameters, giving material parameters, carrying out grid division, setting boundary conditions and motion attributes and the like, and carrying out operation by using ANSYS/LS-DYNA; the sectional shape of the slab after being widened is obtained.
TABLE 2 Process parameters for orthogonal Experimental arrangements
Step 2.2: as shown in figure 3, the cross-sectional shape of the dog bone before and after width fixing is compared with the cross-sectional shape of the slab, and the cross-sectional parameters of the dog bone are extracted according to the cross-sectional shape of the slab, and are respectively as follows: dogbone thickness function H m Thickness H of the slab at the contact with the sizing mill r Middle thickness H c Range of dog bone affected area l a Position of dog bone peak l d (distance from the dog bone peak to the edge) to obtain the variation trend of the dog bone section parameters under different process parameters;
analyzing the change of the width adjustment amount by taking the finite element simulation as an example, and analyzing the influence rule of the width adjustment amount by taking a model with the initial width 1520mm, the initial thickness 230mm and the length 2500mm of the plate blank and the width adjustment amounts of 100mm, 150mm, 200mm, 250mm, 300mm and 350mm as an example;
when the thickness and the width are the same and the width adjustment amount is different, point drawing is carried out on the dog bone section parameters in the stable deformation region, and the rule of the dog bone section parameters under different width adjustment amounts is obtained: along with the increase of the width adjusting amount, the metal deformation is increased, the thickness of the dog bone peak is increased, the thickness in contact with the fixed width press is increased, the thickness of the middle part is increased, the local uneven deformation of the edge part is enlarged, the range of the dog bone influence area is enlarged, and the distance from the dog bone peak to the edge part is reduced.
And step 3: dog bone cross-sectional function fitting analysis
Step 3.1: through the finite element analysis, the variation trend of the dog bone section parameters under different process parameters is obtained, and meanwhile, the dog bone section specific data is obtained.
When the dog bone section curve is predicted, three input variables of initial width, initial thickness and width adjustment quantity of the plate blank exist, and the output quantity is a dog bone section parameter. Five dog bone section parameters were set: dog bone Peak thickness function H m Thickness H of slab at contact with width setting machine r Middle thickness H c Range of dog bone affected zone l a Position of dog bone peak l d The expression of (a) is as follows:
the parameters of the dog bone section are subjected to fitting calculation by using a levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm in Origin software, and the obtained function coefficients are shown in a table 3:
TABLE 3 dog bone section parameter undetermined coefficient and related coefficient
Step 3.2: establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the center of the section of the plate blank as an origin, the width direction as an x axis and the thickness direction as a y axis, and obtaining key points on a 1/4 dog bone section in the figure 4 through dog bone section parameters
And fitting the cross-sectional shape to represent the dog bone cross-sectional shape by a function H (x).
According to the cross-sectional shape of the dog bone, the cross-sectional curve is divided into two regions: and I and II, wherein I is represented by a constant and II is represented by a curve. II, fitting by respectively using a cubic function, a Lorentzian function and a sine function, wherein the fitting degree of the cubic function and the Lorentzian function is relatively high; the area of the fitted curve was compared with the actual cross-sectional area, with a cubic function error of 0.34%, a lorentz function error of 2.05%, and a sine function error of 1.08%. Optionally, the region II is described using a cubic function, and the piecewise functional form of the dog bone cross-section is as follows:
wherein B is 1 For fixing the width of the rear slab, and B 1 ＝B 0 -ΔB e ；l a Is the dog bone affected area range;
selecting a plate blank with initial width of 1520mm, initial thickness of 230mm and width adjustment amount of 250mm for calculation, obtaining key points A, B, C and D coordinate values on a 1/4 dog bone section by using a function expression of dog bone section parameters, and obtaining a piecewise function form of the dog bone section after fitting according to the A, B, C and D coordinate values as follows:
comparing the cross-section curve obtained by function calculation with the on-site actual measurement cross-section curve, as shown in fig. 5, the coincidence degree of the predicted cross-section curve and the actual measurement data is high, and the area error is lower than 5%;
and 4, step 4: the evaluation of the shape of the cross section of the dog bone is performed, and the evaluation flow is shown in FIG. 6.
Step 4.1: normalizing the section of the dog bone:
step 4.2: calculating the average value of the normalized dog bone section:
step 4.3: calculating the squareness of the dog bone section, and expressing the squareness by the standard deviation of the dog bone section after normalization:
step 4.4: the dog-bone section squareness degree σ =0.345 ∈ (0.2,0.4), and therefore the dog-bone section shape evaluation scale was two-level.
The technical idea of the present invention is described in the above technical solutions, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes and modifications made to the above technical solutions according to the technical essence of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for predicting the shape of a dog bone section in a width fixing process of a width fixing press is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: establishing a finite element model
Establishing a finite element model of the width fixing process of the start-stop type width fixing press by using field actual data;
and 2, step: finite element analysis
Step 2.1: arranging process parameters by using an orthogonal experiment method, wherein the process parameters refer to the initial width B of the plate blank 0 Initial thickness H of slab 0 Width adjustment amount Δ B e Establishing a plurality of groups of finite element models according to the combination condition of the process parameters, and obtaining the section shape of the plate blank after the width is determined by using a finite element tool;
step 2.2: according to the sectional shape of the plate blank after width setting, extracting the parameters of the section of the dog bone, which are respectively as follows: thickness of dog bone H m Thickness H of the slab at the contact with the sizing mill r Middle thickness H c Range of dog bone affected zone l a Position of dog bone peak l d Obtaining the variation trend of the cross section parameters of the dog bones under different process parameters;
and step 3: dog bone cross-sectional shape fitting
Step 3.1: establishing a function H of the dog bone section parameters by referring to the finite element analysis result m 、H r 、H c 、l a 、l d By the expression of (a), with the initial width of the blank B 0 Initial thickness H of slab 0 Width adjustment amount Δ B e Performing function fitting by using finite element simulation data to obtain undetermined coefficients of a function expression, wherein the output quantity is a dog bone section parameter;
function H of the dog bone section parameter m 、H r 、H c 、l a 、l d The expression of (a) is:
wherein a is 1～5 、b 1～5 、c 1～5 、d 1～5 Is the undetermined coefficient;
step 3.2: fitting the cross-sectional shape by using the dog bone cross-sectional parameters according to the actual plate blank cross-sectional shape and the finite element analysis result to obtain a prediction curve H (x) of the dog bone cross-sectional shape;
the method comprises the following specific steps: establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the center of the section of the plate blank after width setting as the origin, the width direction as the x axis and the thickness direction as the y axis, and obtaining key points on the 1/4 dog bone section by utilizing a function expression of the parameters of the dog bone section
According to the actual sectional shape of the slab and the finite element analysis result, the sectional area of the slab is divided into two areas, and the ranges of the two areas are as follows:
in the region I, the crystal is formed by a crystal growing method,
in the area II, the first and second zones,
wherein B is 1 For the width of the slab after the width is fixed, and B 1 ＝B 0 -ΔB e ；
And (3) fitting the cross section shape, wherein a constant is adopted in the region I, and a cubic function is used for describing during fitting of the region II to obtain a prediction curve H (x) of the cross section shape of the dog bone:
2. the method for predicting the cross-sectional shape of the dog bone in the sizing process of the sizing press according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: model material selection
The material properties of the hammerhead and the plate blank are characterized by using material parameters;
step 1.2: determining slab and hammerhead model parameters in a finite element modeling process
Step 1.3: establishment of finite element model
And establishing a finite element solid model according to parameters of the hammer head and the plate blank, using a 1/4 model by combining the width fixing process of a width fixing press machine and the symmetrical characteristic of the shape of the plate blank, carrying out grid division on the established finite element solid model, and setting boundary conditions and motion attributes.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the material parameters in step 1.1 include density, poisson's ratio, young's modulus and temperature, and the slab model parameters in step 1.2 include slab length, slab initial width range, slab initial thickness range, width adjustment range, slab temperature and hammer head temperature; the parameters of the hammer head model comprise the length of a hammer head chamfer and the length of a contact inclined plane of the hammer head and a plate blank.
4. The method for predicting the cross-sectional shape of the dog bone in the width fixing process of the width fixing press as claimed in claim 2, wherein SOLID164 unit and hexahedral mesh are adopted when the plate blank is divided into the meshes in the step 1.3; when the hammerhead is used for dividing the grids, SOLID168 units and tetrahedral grids are adopted.
5. The method for predicting the dog bone section shape in the width fixing process of the width fixing press according to claim 2, wherein the setting of the boundary conditions and the motion attributes in the step 1.3 is specifically as follows:
setting contact between the plate blank and the hammer head by adopting a finite element tool, and defining the contact type as surface-surface contact;
setting the boundary of the plate blank by adopting a finite element tool, wherein the width boundary and the thickness boundary are set as symmetrical boundaries;
and (3) applying motion to the hammer head and the plate blank by adopting a finite element tool, wherein the hammer head defines the reciprocating motion of the plate blank in the width direction, and the plate blank defines the advancing motion in the length direction.
6. A method for evaluating the shape of a dog bone section in the width fixing process of a width fixing press is characterized by comprising the following steps: normalizing the predicted dog bone cross-sectional shape curve H (x) obtained in any one of claims 1 to 5; calculating the average value of the normalized dog bone section shape; and (5) expressing the squareness sigma of the dog bone section by using the normalized standard deviation, and grading the dog bone section shape according to the squareness sigma of the dog bone section.
7. The method for evaluating the shape of the cross section of the dog bone in the width fixing process of the width fixing press according to claim 6, wherein the normalization process adopts the equation:
the average expression of the normalized dog bone section is as follows:
the expression of the squareness of the section of the dog bone is as follows:
8. the method for evaluating the cross-sectional shape of the dog bone in the width fixing process of the width fixing press according to claim 6, wherein the method for grading the cross-sectional shape of the dog bone according to the squareness σ of the cross-section of the dog bone comprises the following steps:
if the squareness of the dog bone section is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2, the evaluation grade is first grade;
if the squareness of the dog bone section is more than 0.2 and less than or equal to 0.4, the evaluation grade is two-grade;
if the squareness of the section of the dog bone is more than 0.4 and less than or equal to 0.6, the evaluation grade is three grade;
if the squareness of the section of the dog bone is more than 0.6 and less than or equal to 0.8, the evaluation grade is four grades;
if the squareness of the dog bone section is more than 0.8 and less than 1, the evaluation grade is five grade;
the smaller the rectangle degree of the dog bone section is, the higher the grade of the dog bone section shape is.
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