CN113343528A - Shafting fatigue damage prediction method based on cross-point frequency response and dynamic response characteristic fusion - Google Patents
Shafting fatigue damage prediction method based on cross-point frequency response and dynamic response characteristic fusion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a shafting fatigue damage prediction method fusing cross-point frequency response and dynamic response characteristics, belonging to the technical field of ship shafting fatigue damage prediction; the method aims to realize quick and accurate identification and prediction of the faults of the ship transmission critical parts and improve the running reliability of the system; the technical scheme is that the method comprises the following steps: step 1: researching a fatigue crack failure mechanism of a transmission shaft system component; step 2: analyzing the change rule of the inherent characteristics of the transmission shaft system component in different centering faults; and step 3: quantitatively identifying cross-point frequency response characteristic parameters in the fatigue process of the component; and 4, step 4: researching a static and dynamic information fusion prediction method of fatigue damage cracks of shafting components; the invention has the technical effects that the invention can monitor the operation quality and fatigue condition of the transmission shaft system component on line in real time, and fully ensure the reliability and safety of the operation of the transmission shaft system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ship shafting fatigue damage prediction, and particularly relates to a shafting fatigue damage prediction method with cross-point frequency response and dynamic response characteristics fused.
Background
With the improvement of shipbuilding technology, shipbuilding process and quality requirements and the proposal of global low-carbon economy in the shipbuilding industry, the performance of a ship propulsion system needs to meet higher requirements, so that the ship propulsion system becomes more complex in structure, function and performance, and the original shafting vibration calculation method is not suitable for certain occasions due to overlarge errors. Meanwhile, due to the enhancement of international standards, a large number of problems which are not solved or are worth considering exist in the calculation of the ship shafting vibration, so that the vibration of the ship complicated shafting needs to be deeply researched.
The ship transmission system is a complex power transmission device with a long power output transmission path, and has the capability of continuous operation due to severe marine working environment and complex and variable working load. Any part of the transmission system has crack defect or fault, which affects the playing of the warfare and technical performance, and in severe cases, the system can not sail and lose the warfare ability. However, for a long time, in terms of maintenance and protection of transmission shaft system technology, major efforts have been put on the innovation of maintenance and repair technology and the protection of spare equipment, which mainly focus on how to repair faults, and the detection equipment and equipment can only judge whether faults exist or what kind of parts, what kind of parts and what kind of causes cause faults occur after faults occur. In fact, this type of guarantee only guarantees that the drive train is moving at the start of the mission, but does not matter how far away. For a transmission system which does not expose damage crack faults at present, the time when the transmission system fails and what faults occur in a future time period cannot be accurately predicted, and the inherent characteristics and the operational effectiveness of the transmission system cannot be evaluated and predicted, so that the requirement of modern sea operations on the maintenance and guarantee capability under high technical conditions cannot be met. Therefore, the failure-free working time of the transmission system in a future mission section needs to be predicted in time before the ship-to-sea mission is executed, and the health condition of the transmission shaft system and the early warning and forecast of early damage and cracks during the ship-to-sea operation need to be mastered in time so as to ensure the readiness integrity and the mission success of the ship-to-sea transmission system. Therefore, the sound vibration monitoring technology and the fault rapid positioning and quantifying method of the inherent characteristics of the transmission system are higher maintenance guarantee forms than the method for diagnosing after faults, and have higher practical value for the maintenance guarantee of equipment.
The ship transmission system is a complex structure (mechanism) system with a long transmission path, and has heavy working load, severe environment, frequent load change of a moving part, more random factors and fuzzy factors influencing the action process of the moving part, and insufficient accuracy and timeliness of the action of a main part mechanism due to the influences of vibration, impact, frictional wear, dynamic deformation of an elastic element and the like, so that the consistency of the movement form of the structure (mechanism) is poor, the fatigue damage and crack failure of a component are caused by the fluctuation of the rotating speed and the impact vibration, and the component is broken and the system cannot normally operate in severe cases. Therefore, on-line detection and fault analysis research based on multi-span point frequency response characteristics, vibration, acoustics and the like has very important significance for realizing rapid and accurate identification and prediction of faults of ship transmission critical parts, improving system operation reliability and researching reliability technology of the whole transmission system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a shafting fatigue damage prediction method with cross-point frequency response and dynamic response characteristic fusion, and aims to realize quick and accurate identification and prediction of the fault of the ship transmission weight-related component and improve the operation reliability of the system.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
The shafting fatigue damage prediction method based on the cross-point frequency response and dynamic response characteristic fusion comprises the following steps:
step 1: researching a fatigue crack failure mechanism of a transmission shaft system component;
step 2: analyzing the change rule of the inherent characteristics of the transmission shaft system component in different centering faults;
and step 3: quantitatively identifying cross-point frequency response characteristic parameters in the fatigue process of the component;
and 4, step 4: research on a static and dynamic information fusion prediction method of fatigue damage cracks of shafting components.
Further, the step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: by a method combining dynamic modeling and dynamic tests, the dynamic characteristics of the vibration of the transmission shaft system component in the radial direction, the axial direction and the torsion direction under different vibration frequencies and different vibration amplitudes are researched, and characteristic parameters are identified.
Further, the step 1 further comprises the following steps:
step 1.2: establishing a nonlinear stiffness model of the dynamic characteristics of the component based on the vibration response test data during operation, identifying each parameter in the model, performing dynamic simulation by using the established model, predicting the dynamic response of the shafting component model and comparing and analyzing the dynamic response with the test response data;
step 1.3: establishing a rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of the transmission shaft system component based on an ANSYS environment, applying a simulated load, and carrying out simulation analysis on the action and influence of a misalignment fault in the dynamic response of the shaft system component;
step 1.4: establishing a finite element model for dynamic response analysis of the transmission shaft system component under the action of damage crack faults, discussing fault action mechanism and influence degree through simulation analysis, and determining the influence rule.
Further, the step 2 further comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: testing multi-span point frequency response of a shafting component, extracting various characteristic parameters of each frequency response characteristic curve, quantitatively describing weak early damage crack characteristics of misalignment faults and a rapid classification identification method;
step 2.2: and giving out a cross-point frequency response characteristic change rule curve of each shafting component in the early stage of fatigue damage cracks.
Further, in the step 3, the frequency range of the inherent characteristic analysis of each stage of the fatigue damage of the shafting component is determined, a multi-point cross-point frequency response test is carried out on the shafting component, the impact response and the frequency spectrum characteristics of the component at different positions under the excitation of various damage cracks are analyzed, and the quantitative identification of the cross-point frequency response characteristic parameters in the fatigue process is carried out.
Further, the step 4 further comprises the following steps:
step 4.1: firstly, aiming at the structural assembly connection characteristics of transmission shaft system components, a particle swarm optimization method is used for optimally setting excitation points and response measuring points of a cross-point frequency response test, the response measuring points are required to be on non-rotating parts of the shaft system, and the device is suitable for continuous monitoring when the transmission shaft system operates;
step 4.2: the cross-point frequency response test and the feature extraction work are periodically completed according to a set time interval when the shafting part stops rotating, the time interval of the early operation of the shafting is set to be 500-fold-over-1000 hours, and the time interval of the later operation of the shafting is set to be 100-fold-over-200 hours;
step 4.3: extracting fatigue and damage crack characteristic information when the centering fault is not in progress, and establishing an incidence relation between a noise elimination inversion mechanism of cross-point frequency response and running vibration response of a shafting component and characteristic parameters;
step 4.4: the weak fault feature weighted fusion method for low-dimensional morphological reconstruction is researched, and a weak fault information enhancement technology under strong background noise based on wavelet decomposition and morphological filtering technology is provided;
step 4.5: researching a K-L divergence method suitable for extracting weak fault information in unsteady state response, and searching the sensitivity and the application of the brand-new weak fault feature extraction method in the weak damage fault identification of the transmission component, so as to realize the effective extraction of early weak inherent features in the dynamic response of the transmission shafting under the background of strong noise;
step 4.6: vibration response test and refined spectrum analysis of the same response measuring point when the shafting component operates, cross-point frequency response and response frequency spectrum are subjected to cross-correlation analysis in a frequency domain, and characteristic values of all components of inherent characteristics of related structures in response signals are extracted;
step 4.7: and performing small difference comparison on a plurality of inherent characteristic parameters obtained by a cross-point frequency response curve and the characteristics extracted from the vibration response of the same response measuring point of the shafting operation in the characteristic layer, predicting the fatigue damage degree of the shafting by using the relative entropy analysis result of small variation, and predicting the fatigue life of the shafting heavy component on line.
Further, the drive shaft system component comprises a drive shaft, an elastic coupling and a support bearing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method forms a transmission shaft system component on-site rapid in-situ online fatigue prediction technical specification based on cross-point frequency response, can monitor the operation quality and the fatigue condition of the transmission shaft system component on line in real time, fully ensures the reliability and the safety of the operation of the transmission shaft system, and has the fatigue crack fault sample prediction accuracy rate of more than 90 percent on a transmission system simulation test bed; a static and dynamic information fusion fatigue crack prediction method for transmission shaft system components is provided, and effective service life prediction results and verification are obtained in the rapid detection of the ship transmission components.
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The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings;
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a prediction method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a measured 3-order natural frequency degradation curve of a certain simple supported beam structure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereby.
The invention relates to a transmission system which is an important component of ship power propulsion, mainly comprises a coupler, a clutch, a transmission shaft, a reduction gear box, a bearing and the like, and aims at solving the problem of high requirement on the reliability of the transmission system in the operation of ships.
The invention aims at the characteristics of heavy load, large torque and changeable working conditions borne by a ship transmission system, develops fatigue damage crack prediction research of components such as an elastic coupling, a transmission shaft system and the like in the transmission system, organically combines an advanced structural dynamics cross-point frequency response theory with an early weak fault feature extraction technology and the like, provides an information fusion type early crack fault prediction method added with multi-layer static-dynamic combination of cross-point frequency response, researches the occurrence and development mechanisms of damage crack faults of critical components of the complex transmission system under the action of high rotating speed and impact vibration, the method diagnoses the damage and crack faults by discussing the power loss characteristics under multiple scales, extracts weak fatigue damage and crack fault characteristics by applying a modern signal processing new theory (computational intelligence) and intelligent algorithms based on cross-point frequency response and the like, and identifies the links, parts and the like of the fault. On the basis, an impact vibration theory, an abrasion damage and a fracture theory are combined, the degree of the occurrence of abrasion damage and fatigue crack faults and the rule of damage development are predicted, an online fault rapid detection theory and a method based on multi-span point frequency response analysis and static and dynamic information fusion are established, and a portable detection device is developed, so that the assembly quality and the operation state of a transmission shaft system are monitored online in real time, the fatigue damage and the early cracks of critical parts of the shaft system are predicted, and the safety and the reliability of the operation of the transmission system are fully guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for predicting fatigue damage of shafting by fusing cross-point frequency response and dynamic response characteristics, which is disclosed by the invention, can predict fatigue damage of important parts of ship shafting, and comprises the following implementation steps:
in the aspects of modeling and experimental simulation:
the method comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that a transmission shaft system structure commonly used for a real ship is taken as an object, crack fault generation mechanisms of a transmission shaft, an elastic coupling and a middle support bearing are researched, a nonlinear dynamic model generated by fatigue cracks is established, and nonlinear dynamic characteristics of crack faults generated when the shaft system is not centered are analyzed.
Step two: by a method combining dynamic modeling and dynamic tests, the dynamic characteristics of radial, axial and torsional vibration of three components of a transmission shaft system under the condition of no centering fault under different vibration frequencies and different vibration amplitudes are researched, and the components are subjected to test modeling and model parameter identification.
Step three: and establishing a nonlinear stiffness model of the dynamic characteristics of the component based on the vibration response test data during operation, identifying each parameter in the model, performing dynamic simulation by using the established model, predicting the dynamic response of the shafting component model, and comparing and analyzing the dynamic response with the test response data.
Step four: a rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of the transmission shaft system component is established based on an ANSYS environment, a simulation load is applied, and the effect and influence of the misalignment fault in the dynamic response of the shaft system component are subjected to simulation analysis.
Step five: establishing a finite element model for dynamic response analysis of the transmission shaft system component under the action of damage crack faults, discussing fault action mechanism and influence degree through simulation analysis, and determining the influence rule.
(II) in the aspect of testing and researching the inherent characteristics of the components:
the method comprises the following steps: constructing a portable test system comprising an ICP type excitation force hammer, an ICP type triaxial accelerometer, a multi-channel data acquisition instrument and a microcomputer with built-in cross-point frequency response fatigue crack prediction software; the method comprises the following steps of testing a multi-span point frequency response function of a shafting component, and extracting characteristic parameters of main wave crests of each frequency response characteristic curve, wherein the characteristic parameters comprise: amplitude, frequency and damping factor, quantitatively describing the weak early damage crack characteristics of the component under the condition of misalignment fault, and performing rapid classification and identification.
Step two: and performing simulated fatigue tests of different loads on the components, and giving out a cross-point frequency response characteristic change rule curve of each component in the early stage of fatigue crack.
Step three: determining the inherent characteristic analysis frequency range of each stage of the fatigue damage of the component according to the inherent frequency change curves of different fatigue cycle times of each stage, carrying out a multi-point cross-point frequency response test on the component, and carrying out quantitative identification on the cross-point frequency response characteristic parameters in the fatigue process, as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a measured 3-stage inherent frequency degradation curve of a certain simply supported beam structure, the abscissa in the graph is the fatigue load cycle times (0-50 ten thousand times), and the ordinate is the measured frequency degradation rate.
Step four: analyzing the influence rule of fatigue damage and crack failure of the transmission shaft system component on the impact vibration response of the shaft system based on the cross-point frequency response characteristic change, and analyzing the impact vibration response and the frequency spectrum characteristic of the component at different positions under the excitation of various damage cracks through cross-point frequency response characteristic parameters of different response measuring points.
(III) in the aspect of fusing static and dynamic information and fatigue crack prediction:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, aiming at the characteristic of assembly and connection of the transmission shaft system component structure, excitation points and response measuring points of a cross-point frequency response test are optimally arranged by a particle swarm optimization method, the response measuring points are required to be located at non-rotating parts of the shaft system, such as sensitive positions on a bearing seat, and the device is suitable for continuous monitoring when the transmission shaft system operates.
Step two: the cross-point frequency response test and the feature extraction work are generally finished periodically according to a set time interval when the shafting stops rotating, the time interval is set to 500-plus-one 1000 hours in the early stage of the operation of the ship transmission shafting, and 100-plus-one 200 hours in the later stage along with the accumulation of the fatigue damage of the shafting.
Step three: aiming at a multi-span point frequency response test when a transmission shaft system stops rotating, extracting fatigue and damage crack characteristic information when centering failure is not performed, establishing a noise elimination inversion mechanism of component cross-point frequency response and operation vibration response, and establishing an incidence relation among characteristic parameters.
Step four: aiming at the background noise environment when a laboratory transmission shafting or a real ship transmission shafting operates, a weak fault feature weighting fusion method for low-dimensional morphological reconstruction and a weak fault information enhancement technology under strong background noise based on wavelet decomposition and morphological filtering technology are researched.
Step five: aiming at a strong-noise severe environment when a real ship operates, a K-L divergence method suitable for extracting weak fault information in unsteady state response is researched, the sensitivity and the application of the brand-new weak fault feature extraction method in the weak damage fault identification of the transmission shaft system component are explored, and the effective extraction of the early weak inherent feature in the dynamic response of the transmission shaft system under the background of strong noise is realized.
Step six: the vibration response test of the component is carried out when the transmission shaft system runs, the measuring point of the vibration response test is strictly consistent with the measuring point of the vibration response test when the cross-point frequency response is carried out, the detailed spectrum analysis is carried out on the vibration response signal during running, and the characteristic values of all components of the inherent characteristics of the relevant structure in the response signal are extracted through the frequency domain cross-correlation analysis.
Step seven: and performing small difference comparison on a plurality of inherent characteristic parameters obtained by the cross-point frequency response curve and the characteristics extracted by the vibration response of the same response measuring point of the shafting operation in the characteristic layer, predicting the fatigue damage degree of the shafting by using the relative entropy analysis result of small variation according to the cross-point frequency response characteristic change rule curve of each part at the early stage of fatigue crack given by the simulated fatigue test, and predicting the fatigue life of the shafting heavy part on line.
The invention uses a complex ship transmission shaft as a background, solves the crack problems of an elastic coupling, a transmission shaft system and the like in the development and use of the transmission system, uses a nonlinear dynamics simulation technology and a modern signal detection processing new technology, acquires the vibration, sound pressure and other information of the assembly quality of transmission system components (the elastic coupling, the transmission shaft system and the like) in real time in the processes of assembly, debugging, overhaul and operation, and applies the cross-point frequency response, weak fault feature extraction, static and dynamic (shutdown overhaul and online operation) multi-field information fusion to the early crack fault prediction of the ship transmission system components by using the latest research results in the fields of cognition science, information processing and artificial intelligence research in recent years; the method comprises the steps of establishing a crack fault map sample database by researching formal description and digital representation of early crack fault prediction information of multi-dimensional, multi-source and heterogeneous transmission system components, and designing and developing a prototype model machine of the portable ship transmission shaft component early crack fault prediction device. After the project is finished, the crack fault of the transmission system component in the production field and operation can be rapidly detected, and the problem of early crack fault prediction is solved.
The invention organically combines an advanced structure dynamics cross-point frequency response theory and an early weak fatigue damage characteristic extraction technology, provides an information fusion type early fatigue crack prediction method added with the static and dynamic combination of cross-point frequency response, researches the occurrence and development mechanisms of fatigue damage crack faults of ship transmission shaft components under the actions of large torque, variable working condition, variable rotating speed and impact vibration, diagnoses the damage and crack faults by discussing power loss characteristics under multiple scales, extracts the weak damage and crack fault characteristics by applying a modern signal processing new theory (computational intelligence) and intelligent algorithms based on cross-point frequency response and the like, and identifies the links, parts and the like of the fatigue damage. On the basis, an impact vibration theory, a wear damage and fatigue fracture theory are combined, the degree of damage and fatigue crack faults and the law of damage development are predicted, an online fatigue damage rapid prediction theory and method based on multi-span point frequency response analysis and static and dynamic information fusion are established, and a portable detection device is developed, so that the operation quality and the fatigue condition of transmission shaft system components are monitored online in real time, the reliability and the safety of the operation of the transmission shaft system are fully guaranteed, and the method is a brand-new fault prediction and monitoring method.
The invention has the following achievement forms:
1. software: the dynamic characteristic test modeling of the fatigue crack fault of the transmission system component, the static and dynamic information fusion fatigue crack prediction and identification, the component fatigue crack fault diagnosis process and specification and the transmission system component fatigue crack fault database.
2. Hardware: portable early prediction system of fatigue crack failure of drive shaft system part.
Due to the difficulty of dynamic response field test during the operation of the high-performance ship transmission system and the limitation of the effectiveness of a data processing technology, the research of predicting the fatigue cracks of the shafting transmission system by using a frequency response test method is not carried out at home and abroad, and the prediction of the operation reliability of the transmission shafting by using a real-time rapid detection method is not reported.
Aiming at the technical problem of field detection and diagnosis of early crack faults of ship transmission system components, the project provides a novel rapid fault prediction technology combining cross-point frequency response analysis and an early weak fault feature extraction technology, and solves the problem that faults are difficult to accurately position and diagnose and predict in real time in production development and offshore operation of the ship transmission system components.
(1) A new technology suitable for on-site rapid fault prediction and early weak damage fault diagnosis of the transmission part is provided, and a corresponding software system is developed;
(2) in the aspects of fault response mechanism and measuring point optimization test technology research, measuring point optimization methods and basic criteria which are generally applicable to various ship transmission systems are formed;
(3) providing a static and dynamic information fusion fatigue crack prediction method for a transmission part and obtaining an effective life prediction result and verification in the rapid detection of the transmission part of the ship;
(4) a portable transmission system component cross-point frequency response method early fatigue crack prediction device model is proposed and developed;
(5) constructing a frequency response spectrum database of a set of ship transmission components (an elastic coupling, a transmission shafting and the like) for nondestructive testing fatigue crack faults;
(6) and forming a transmission part on-site rapid in-situ online fatigue prediction technical specification based on cross-point frequency response.
The overall quantization index is: on the transmission system simulation test bed, the prediction accuracy of the fatigue crack fault sample reaches more than 90%.
The invention provides a new idea of a cross-point frequency response method integrating functions of weak fault feature extraction, static and dynamic multi-field information fusion, fatigue crack mode identification and the like, and forms a set of new theory and a new method for predicting the early fatigue damage fault of the large-scale complex transmission system component; the cross-point frequency response technology and the weak crack fault feature extraction technology are combined for the first time at home and abroad to be used in the field of rapid early fatigue crack prediction of ship transmission system components; the fatigue damage crack fault characteristics of the parts are researched through analysis of various response signals during production and operation of the ship transmission system, and the online fatigue life prediction finally applied to the transmission system parts is pioneered at home and abroad.
Claims (7)
1. The shafting fatigue damage prediction method based on the cross-point frequency response and dynamic response feature fusion is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: researching a fatigue crack failure mechanism of a transmission shaft system component;
step 2: analyzing the change rule of the inherent characteristics of the transmission shaft system component in different centering faults;
and step 3: quantitatively identifying cross-point frequency response characteristic parameters in the fatigue process of the component;
and 4, step 4: research on a static and dynamic information fusion prediction method of fatigue damage cracks of shafting components.
2. The cross-point frequency response and dynamic response feature fused shafting fatigue damage prediction method according to claim 1, wherein said step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: by a method combining dynamic modeling and dynamic tests, the dynamic characteristics of the vibration of the transmission shaft system component in the radial direction, the axial direction and the torsion direction under different vibration frequencies and different vibration amplitudes are researched, and characteristic parameters are identified.
3. The cross-point frequency response and dynamic response feature fused shafting fatigue damage prediction method according to claim 2, wherein said step 1 further comprises the steps of:
step 1.2: establishing a nonlinear stiffness model of the dynamic characteristics of the component based on the vibration response test data during operation, identifying each parameter in the model, performing dynamic simulation by using the established model, predicting the dynamic response of the shafting component model and comparing and analyzing the dynamic response with the test response data;
step 1.3: establishing a rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of the transmission shaft system component based on an ANSYS environment, applying a simulated load, and carrying out simulation analysis on the action and influence of a misalignment fault in the dynamic response of the shaft system component;
step 1.4: establishing a finite element model for dynamic response analysis of the transmission shaft system component under the action of damage crack faults, discussing fault action mechanism and influence degree through simulation analysis, and determining the influence rule.
4. The cross-point frequency response and dynamic response feature fused shafting fatigue damage prediction method according to claim 1, wherein said step 2 further comprises the steps of:
step 2.1: testing multi-span point frequency response of a shafting component, extracting various characteristic parameters of each frequency response characteristic curve, quantitatively describing weak early damage crack characteristics of misalignment faults and a rapid classification identification method;
step 2.2: and giving out a cross-point frequency response characteristic change rule curve of each shafting component in the early stage of fatigue damage cracks.
5. The method for predicting the shafting fatigue damage fused with the cross-point frequency response and the dynamic response characteristics according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the frequency range of the inherent characteristic analysis of each stage of the fatigue damage of the shafting component is determined, a multi-point cross-point frequency response test is carried out on the shafting component, the impact response and the frequency spectrum characteristics of the component under various damage crack excitation at different positions are analyzed, and the quantitative identification of the cross-point frequency response characteristic parameters in the fatigue process is carried out.
6. The cross-point frequency response and dynamic response feature fused shafting fatigue damage prediction method according to claim 1, wherein said step 4 further comprises the steps of:
step 4.1: firstly, aiming at the structural assembly connection characteristics of transmission shaft system components, a particle swarm optimization method is used for optimally setting excitation points and response measuring points of a cross-point frequency response test, the response measuring points are required to be on non-rotating parts of the shaft system, and the device is suitable for continuous monitoring when the transmission shaft system operates;
step 4.2: the cross-point frequency response test and the feature extraction work are periodically completed according to a set time interval when the shafting part stops rotating, the time interval of the early operation of the shafting is set to be 500-fold-over-1000 hours, and the time interval of the later operation of the shafting is set to be 100-fold-over-200 hours;
step 4.3: extracting fatigue and damage crack characteristic information when the centering fault is not in progress, and establishing an incidence relation between a noise elimination inversion mechanism of cross-point frequency response and running vibration response of a shafting component and characteristic parameters;
step 4.4: the weak fault feature weighted fusion method for low-dimensional morphological reconstruction is researched, and a weak fault information enhancement technology under strong background noise based on wavelet decomposition and morphological filtering technology is provided;
step 4.5: researching a K-L divergence method suitable for extracting weak fault information in unsteady state response, and searching the sensitivity and the application of the brand-new weak fault feature extraction method in the weak damage fault identification of the transmission component, so as to realize the effective extraction of early weak inherent features in the dynamic response of the transmission shafting under the background of strong noise;
step 4.6: vibration response test and refined spectrum analysis of the same response measuring point when the shafting component operates, cross-point frequency response and response frequency spectrum are subjected to cross-correlation analysis in a frequency domain, and characteristic values of all components of inherent characteristics of related structures in response signals are extracted;
step 4.7: and performing small difference comparison on a plurality of inherent characteristic parameters obtained by a cross-point frequency response curve and the characteristics extracted from the vibration response of the same response measuring point of the shafting operation in the characteristic layer, predicting the fatigue damage degree of the shafting by using the relative entropy analysis result of small variation, and predicting the fatigue life of the shafting heavy component on line.
7. The cross-point frequency response and dynamic response feature fused shafting fatigue damage prediction method according to claim 1, wherein the drive shafting components comprise a drive shaft, an elastic coupling and a support bearing.
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