CN113343511B - Unit steam-water pipeline on-site constant force and variable force spring hanger safety state evaluation method - Google Patents
Unit steam-water pipeline on-site constant force and variable force spring hanger safety state evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113343511B CN113343511B CN202110499081.4A CN202110499081A CN113343511B CN 113343511 B CN113343511 B CN 113343511B CN 202110499081 A CN202110499081 A CN 202110499081A CN 113343511 B CN113343511 B CN 113343511B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L3/00—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets
- F16L3/16—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets with special provision allowing movement of the pipe
- F16L3/20—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets with special provision allowing movement of the pipe allowing movement in transverse direction
- F16L3/205—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets with special provision allowing movement of the pipe allowing movement in transverse direction having supporting springs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L3/00—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets
- F16L3/16—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets with special provision allowing movement of the pipe
- F16L3/20—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets with special provision allowing movement of the pipe allowing movement in transverse direction
- F16L3/205—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets with special provision allowing movement of the pipe allowing movement in transverse direction having supporting springs
- F16L3/21—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets with special provision allowing movement of the pipe allowing movement in transverse direction having supporting springs providing constant supporting spring force
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
- G06F2111/10—Numerical modelling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
- G06F2113/14—Pipes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for evaluating the safety state of a unit steam pipeline on-site constant-force and variable-force spring hanger, which comprises the following steps of: step 1, measuring the load of a constant-force spring hanger and a variable-force spring hanger of an on-site steam-water pipeline based on a load testing instrument to obtain the actually-measured load data of a pipeline system; step 2, analyzing the stress concentration state of the pipe system by utilizing a finite element analysis stress analysis method based on the actually measured load data to obtain an analysis result of the stress concentration state of the pipe system; and 3, monitoring the pipeline stress exceeding standard and equivalently converting the support and hanger load based on the analysis result of the stress concentration state of the pipeline. The invention can measure the load of the constant force and variable force spring hanger of the on-site steam-water pipeline by the load test instrument, record the load data of the whole pipeline system and utilize the finite element stress analysis means to realize the safety evaluation of the stress concentration state of the pipeline system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal power generation, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating the safety state of a unit steam pipeline on-site constant-force and variable-force spring hanger.
Background
With the gradual development of the power industry, the number of the units with large upper pressure and small upper pressure is increased, and the high-parameter and high-capacity unit gradually becomes the main force of thermal power generation. The ultra supercritical unit is built, so that the physical parameters of fluids in four pipelines, namely a main steam pipeline, a reheat steam pipeline and the like, are greatly improved. And the increase of pipe diameter and wall thickness, the change of its pipeline elbow, tee bend, material grade also impels the holistic stress level of pipeline also to show to improve, along with the popularization of unit peak regulation task, the sensitivity of soda pipeline stress concentration also increases, has proposed higher requirement to the state of pipeline gallows. Therefore, the safety state of the steam-water pipeline component of the thermal power generating unit needs to be scientifically evaluated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the safety state of a unit steam pipeline on-site constant-force and variable-force spring hanger.
The invention provides a method for evaluating the safety state of a unit steam pipeline on-site constant-force and variable-force spring hanger, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, measuring the load of a constant-force spring hanger and a variable-force spring hanger of an on-site steam-water pipeline based on a load testing instrument to obtain the actually-measured load data of a pipeline system;
step 2, analyzing the stress concentration state of the pipe system by utilizing a finite element analysis stress analysis method based on the actually measured load data to obtain an analysis result of the stress concentration state of the pipe system;
and 3, monitoring the pipeline stress exceeding standard and equivalently converting the support and hanger load based on the analysis result of the stress concentration state of the pipeline.
Further, the monitoring of the exceeding of the pipeline stress in the step 3 comprises:
if the stress value of the pipeline system is less than 80% of allowable stress, supervision operation is carried out, and when large-range vibration, shaking or obvious thermal displacement obstruction is found, the whole pipeline system is readjusted, so that the load distribution of the pipeline support and hanger tends to be reasonable;
if the stress value of the pipeline is more than or equal to 80% of the allowable stress and less than or equal to 90%, replacing the pipeline support hanger or adjusting the load of the support hanger, continuously using the pipeline support hanger under the feasible calculation condition through finite element analysis, checking the design of the pipeline when the stress value of the pipeline is more than or equal to 90% of the allowable stress, analyzing the reason of overproof stress distribution, replacing the support hanger which does not meet the operation condition, and uniformly distributing the stress of the pipeline support hanger after readjustment.
Further, the equivalent conversion of the support and hanger load in step 3 comprises:
through the verification and comparison with the field measured load data, one side or two sides of the maximum stress point are calculated to perform support hanger load equivalent conversion, and the boundary point is converted to pass through a rigid or vertical limiting hanger or a boiler inlet; and summing the equivalent values of the load deviation of the hanging bracket in the boundary, and adjusting the whole supporting and hanging bracket when the equivalent value of the load deviation is more than or equal to 10%.
Further, the step 1 comprises:
the hanger rod is detached from the positions of the steam-water pipeline constant-force and variable-force spring hanger of the thermal power plant, the upper side of a load testing instrument is connected with the hanger rod assembly, the lower side of the load testing instrument is connected with the hanger rod, uniform-speed loading is carried out through a low-speed pre-tightening device, the variable-force spring hanger records the indication scale of the working load and the corresponding load condition, and the constant-force spring hanger records the load data of the full stroke.
Furthermore, the steam-water pipeline comprises a main steam pipeline, a hot reheating section steam pipeline, a reheating cold section steam pipeline and a high-pressure water supply pipeline.
By means of the scheme, safety evaluation of the stress concentration state of the pipe system can be achieved by the unit steam-water pipeline on-site constant force and variable force spring hanger safety state evaluation method, load measurement of the on-site steam-water pipeline constant force and variable force spring hanger by a load testing instrument, load data recording of the whole pipe system, and means of finite element stress analysis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the unit steam-water pipeline on-site constant force and variable force spring hanger safety state evaluation method.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment provides a method for evaluating the safety state of a unit steam pipeline on-site constant-force and variable-force spring hanger, which includes the following steps:
s1, measuring the loads of the constant-force spring hanger and the variable-force spring hanger of the on-site steam-water pipeline based on a load testing instrument to obtain the actually-measured load data of the pipeline system. Utilize stress strain force transducer to carry out the string with the constant force of thermal power factory or variable force spring gallows and connect, gallows subassembly is connected to one side, and the jib is connected to one side, carries out the loading at the uniform velocity through low-speed preloading device, forms the load to the drawing and carries out the record.
And S2, analyzing the stress concentration state of the pipe system by using a finite element analysis stress analysis method based on the actually measured load data to obtain an analysis result of the stress concentration state of the pipe system. Finite element analysis utilizes a mathematical approximation method to carry out modeling simulation on a real physical system (conditions such as geometric dimension, load working condition and the like). By simulating the steam-water pipe (i.e. the unit), a real system of infinite unknowns can be achieved with a limited number of unknowns. And (3) carrying in the load and the displacement which are actually measured through a finite element analysis method so as to realize the connection between simulation and reality.
And S3, monitoring the pipeline stress exceeding standard and equivalently converting the support and hanger load based on the analysis result of the stress concentration state of the pipeline.
According to the method for evaluating the safety state of the thermal power generating unit steam-water pipeline field constant force and variable force spring hanger, the load of the field steam-water pipeline constant force and variable force spring hanger is measured through a load testing instrument, the load data of the whole pipeline is recorded, and the safety evaluation of the stress concentration state of the pipeline can be realized by means of finite element stress analysis.
The present invention is described in further detail below.
The method is suitable for stress state evaluation of steam-water pipelines of a thermal power unit, other pipelines can be implemented according to the method, and the method mainly aims at four pipelines of the thermal power plant, and comprises main steam pipelines (two high-temperature and high-pressure steam pipelines between a superheater outlet header and a high-pressure main steam valve interface), hot reheating section steam pipelines (two high-temperature and high-pressure steam pipelines between a reheater outlet header and a medium-pressure main steam valve interface), reheating cooling section steam pipelines (two high-temperature and high-pressure steam pipelines between a high-pressure cylinder steam exhaust port and a reheater inlet header interface), high-pressure water supply pipelines (a high-pressure boiler supply water pipeline between an electric water supply pump outlet and an economizer inlet header interface) and other steam-water pipelines, and can also carry out load test on a branch hanger and a connecting pipeline independently under the determined working condition.
The method for evaluating the safety state of the thermal power generating unit steam-water pipeline on-site constant-force and variable-force spring hanger comprises the following implementation steps:
(1) Firstly, correcting the precision of a load testing instrument, carrying out tensile calibration through a calibrated universal tensile testing machine, and judging a testing result according to the precision of a sensor;
(2) If the load testing instrument is inaccurate, the conversion of the tested strain and load is more accurate through the linear correction of the equipment.
(3) The hanger rod is detached from the positions of the steam-water pipeline constant-force and variable-force spring hanger of the thermal power plant, the hanger rod assembly is connected to the upper side of the testing instrument, the hanger rod is connected to the lower side of the testing instrument, uniform-speed loading is carried out through the low-speed pre-tightening device, the variable-force spring hanger records the indication scale of the working load and the corresponding load condition, and the constant-force spring hanger records the load data of the full stroke.
(4) And testing the arrangement and the length of the pipeline, and measuring and recording the thickness of different pipe sections and the wall thickness of the elbow.
(5) Modeling and simulating the big data, and correcting the physical model and the setting of the boundary condition until the actual measurement data is matched with the simulation data.
(6) The method is used for carrying out systematic analysis on the stress level of the part of other piping systems at the stress concentration position. The method mainly comprises the following steps:
1) And when the steam-water pipeline system is in an operating state, calculating the distribution weight distribution of the pipe system supporting points, and checking the primary stress, the secondary stress, the pipe end thrust and the thrust moment.
2) In the process from a cold state to a hot state in the initial operation stage of the steam-water pipeline, stress concentration or stress distribution difference of tee joints, elbows and other key components is large.
(7) When the calculated stress of the stress concentration part is determined to be greater than the allowable stress by 85 percent or is considered necessary, strain foil strain pasting is carried out on the stress concentration part in a cold state, the stress state of the part is checked after hot state operation, and the condition that the stress exceeds the standard is further determined.
Pipeline stress overproof condition analysis and prevention control
(1) Pipeline stress overproof monitoring
Comparing the stress of the simulated and modeled pipe system, if the stress value of the pipe system is less than 80% of the allowable stress, and the operation can be supervised, when large-range vibration, shaking or obvious thermal displacement obstruction exists, readjusting the whole pipe system, and ensuring that the load distribution of the pipeline support hanger tends to be reasonable. If the stress value of the pipeline is more than or equal to 80% of allowable stress and less than or equal to 90%, the pipeline support hanger is replaced by selecting a machine, or the load of the support hanger is adjusted, the pipeline support hanger is continuously used under the feasible condition of calculation through finite element analysis, when the stress value of the pipeline is more than or equal to 90% of allowable stress, the design and check of the pipeline are immediately carried out, the reason that the stress distribution exceeds the standard is analyzed, the support hanger which does not meet the operation is replaced, the stress distribution of the pipeline support hanger after readjustment is uniform, and the local stress cannot be overlarge.
(2) Equivalent method for analyzing conversion of differential value of support and hanger load
Through the verification and comparison with the parameters measured on site, one side or two sides of the maximum stress point is calculated to perform support hanger load equivalent conversion, and the boundary point is converted to a limiting hanger passing through the rigidity or the vertical direction or a boiler inlet (the thermal displacement in the up-down direction and the front-back direction is smaller and is generally less than or equal to 5 mm), and the principle is as follows.
TABLE 1 evaluation chart of safety state of large-diameter thick-walled part
Hanger load equivalent conversion formula: s N ＝(L max- L N )/L max *F N
S N : design load deviation ratio of Nth hanger
L max : distance between a support and a hanger and boundary point
L N : distance between the support and the hanger and the reference point
Nth hanger design load deviation F N = actual measured load of nth hanger/design load of nth hanger.
For example, a certain elbow welding line is 25m away from the boiler inlet, the first is a constant force spring hanger, and the second hanger has a load deviation value of 6 percent, and is 10 meters away from the welding line.
S＝(L max- L N )/L max *F N
S＝[(25-10)/25-20％-5％]*6％＝0.021％
The equivalent effect of the second hanger and the design load deviation on the stress concentration of the elbow weld is shown to be 2.1%.
The calculation is only applicable to stress concentration positions, namely the formula is applicable to the condition of calculating 80-90% allowable stress of the stress, the hanger load deviation equivalent values in the boundary are summed, and when the load deviation equivalent value is more than or equal to 10%, the integral support hanger is adjusted. Under other working conditions, load equivalent conversion can be carried out by referring to the formula, and the stress concentration state can be judged.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for evaluating the safety state of the on-site constant-force and variable-force spring hanger of the unit steam water pipeline is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, measuring the load of a constant-force spring hanger and a variable-force spring hanger of an on-site steam-water pipeline based on a load testing instrument to obtain the actually-measured load data of a pipeline system;
step 2, analyzing the stress concentration state of the pipe system by utilizing a finite element analysis stress analysis method based on the actually measured load data to obtain an analysis result of the stress concentration state of the pipe system;
step 3, based on the analysis result of the stress concentration state of the pipe system, performing pipeline stress standard exceeding monitoring and equivalent load conversion of a support and hanger;
the support and hanger load equivalent conversion comprises the following steps:
through the verification and comparison with the field measured load data, one side or two sides of the maximum stress point are calculated to perform support hanger load equivalent conversion, and the boundary point is converted to pass through a rigid or vertical limiting hanger or a boiler inlet; summing the equivalent values of the load deviation of the hanging bracket in the boundary, and adjusting the whole supporting and hanging bracket when the equivalent value of the load deviation is more than or equal to 10%;
hanger load equivalent conversion formula: s N ＝(L max- L N )/L max *F N ；
S N : designing a load deviation proportion for the Nth hanging bracket;
L max : the distance between the support and the hanger and the boundary point;
L N : the distance between the support and the hanger and the datum point;
nth hanger design load deviation F N = nth hanger actual measurement load/nth hanger design load.
2. The unit steam-water pipeline on-site constant-force and variable-force spring hanger safety state evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the pipeline stress standard exceeding monitoring in the step 3 comprises the following steps:
if the stress value of the pipeline system is less than 80% of allowable stress, supervision operation is carried out, and when large-range vibration, shaking or obvious thermal displacement obstruction is found, the whole pipeline system is readjusted, so that the load distribution of the pipeline support and hanger tends to be reasonable;
if the stress value of the pipeline is more than or equal to 80% of the allowable stress and less than or equal to 90%, replacing the pipeline support hanger or adjusting the load of the support hanger, continuously using the pipeline support hanger under the feasible calculation condition through finite element analysis, checking the design of the pipeline when the stress value of the pipeline is more than or equal to 90% of the allowable stress, analyzing the reason of overproof stress distribution, replacing the support hanger which does not meet the operation condition, and uniformly distributing the stress of the pipeline support hanger after readjustment.
3. The unit steam-water pipeline on-site constant-force and variable-force spring hanger safety state evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 comprises the following steps:
the hanger rod is detached from the positions of the steam-water pipeline constant-force and variable-force spring hanger of the thermal power plant, the upper side of a load testing instrument is connected with the hanger rod assembly, the lower side of the load testing instrument is connected with the hanger rod, uniform-speed loading is carried out through a low-speed pre-tightening device, the variable-force spring hanger records the indication scale of the working load and the corresponding load condition, and the constant-force spring hanger records the load data of the full stroke.
4. The unit steam-water pipeline on-site constant-force and variable-force spring hanger safety state evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the steam-water pipeline comprises a main steam pipeline, a hot reheating section steam pipeline, a reheating cooling section steam pipeline and a high-pressure water supply pipeline.
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