CN113341760A - Modeling method of coupling performance model of test bed and engine for semi-physical simulation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a modeling method of a coupling performance model of a test bed and an engine for semi-physical simulation. The invention relates to the technical field of engineering system modeling, and the invention determines the flow of an outlet, the total pressure after the valve, the total pressure loss coefficient and the speed coefficient by establishing a pressure inlet and back pressure given by a mathematical model of a total valve and the opening degree of the valve; establishing a heater model, and determining the temperature of the heater after alcohol combustion through the heat release of the alcohol and the temperature rise of the gas; and determining PID controller parameters of the engine test bed coupling model, determining a transfer function of the total temperature test bed, and setting the parameters used by the controller. The modeling and control strategy of the invention not only considers the rapidity of model calculation, but also utilizes the integral relation calculation of pressure and flow to ensure the accuracy of calculation, thus providing a foundation for being deployed on hardware and further carrying out engine experiments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering system modeling, in particular to a modeling method of a coupling performance model of a test bed and an engine for semi-physical simulation.
Background
The scramjet engine is considered as an ideal propulsion device of a hypersonic aircraft in the atmosphere, has the advantages of long distance, high specific impulse, high Mach cruise, single-stage rail entry and the like, has wide application prospect in the aspects of space transportation and weaponry, and arouses great interest in many countries. With the recent investment in scientific research efforts in various countries, research on scramjet engines has become more extensive and intensive.
At present, research methods for scramjet engines mainly comprise three methods, namely numerical simulation, ground test and flight test, wherein the flight test is high in cost and difficult to implement. The ground experiment means becomes an important means for the research of the supercombustion. In the research of the engine, in order to simulate the airflow environment of high-altitude incoming flow as much as possible, the high-altitude experiment table of the direct-connected engine can be used, and a mathematical model of the experiment table needs to be built in order to research the airflow parameter characteristics of the output of the experiment table and the controller parameter design of the experiment table.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a modeling method of a coupling performance model of a test bed and an engine for semi-physical simulation, which has a model with higher precision and real-time performance, can analyze the change condition of the coupling process of the test bed and the engine, and further realizes the accurate control of the test bed. The invention provides a modeling method of a coupling performance model of a test bed and an engine for semi-physical simulation, and the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a modeling method of a coupling performance model of a test bed and an engine for semi-physical simulation comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the flow of an outlet, the post-valve total pressure, the total pressure loss coefficient and the speed coefficient by establishing a pressure inlet and back pressure given by a mathematical model of a total valve and the opening degree of the valve;
step 2: establishing a heater model, and determining the temperature of the heater after alcohol combustion through the heat release of the alcohol and the temperature rise of the gas;
and step 3: and determining PID controller parameters of the engine test bed coupling model, determining a transfer function of the total temperature test bed, and setting the parameters used by the controller.
Preferably, the step 1 specifically comprises:
step 1.1:
setting a total pressure loss coefficient, calculating to obtain a pneumatic function pi (lambda) according to the set total pressure loss coefficient, obtaining a speed coefficient lambda according to the pneumatic function pi (lambda), solving to obtain a flow coefficient q (lambda) according to the speed coefficient lambda, determining the total pressure loss coefficient caused by the valve process, determining the parameter of an outlet according to the total pressure loss coefficient, and expressing the total pressure loss coefficient by the following formula:
obtaining flow by a total pressure loss coefficient, a total temperature and a flow system q (lambda), obtaining the total pressure loss coefficient by flow calculation, and continuously carrying out calculation iteration on the obtained total pressure loss until a convergence result is obtained by calculation;
step 1.2: calculating to obtain the total pressure behind the main valve under the condition that the opening signal and the flow of the main valve are given, and during calculation, firstly calculating a total pressure recovery coefficient, wherein the total pressure recovery coefficient of the valve is related to the total pressure, the total temperature, the flow and the valve opening, so that the total pressure recovery coefficient behind the valve is directly solved through input parameters, namely the total pressure behind the valve is solved, and the total pressure behind the valve is expressed by the following formula:
and calculating the total pressure loss caused by the valve according to the total pressure and flow entering the valve, the opening degree of the valve and other parameters, and further calculating the total outlet pressure of the valve.
Preferably, the step 2 specifically comprises:
in order to simulate the inflow of high-enthalpy gas during high-speed flight of an aircraft in a heater, the total temperature of the inflow gas needs to be increased, alcohol is selected to be combusted in the heater to release heat so as to increase the total enthalpy of gas flow, and a heater model is established;
assuming that the air components are 79% of nitrogen and 21% of oxygen, other gases which do not participate in the reaction in the air are classified into the nitrogen;
when Cmol air exists, alcohol of Amol participates in combustion, Bmol oxygen is supplemented into a heater, and an equation is obtained according to an alcohol combustion equation and the final oxygen volume fraction after oxygen supplementation:
the ratio relation of the oxygen mass to be supplemented and the alcohol mass is obtained through analysis, and the heater temperature after alcohol combustion is calculated through the heat release of alcohol and the temperature rise of gas:
the final gas temperature is obtained by converting the heat release of the alcohol into the temperature rise of the mixed gas.
Preferably, the step 3 specifically comprises: according to the physical modeling process of the total temperature test bed, the transfer function of the total temperature test bed is represented by the following formula:
wherein, the constant item of the system only represents a gain link, and the total temperature closed-loop control system is designed based on the transfer function object and sets the parameters of the controller.
Preferably, the model flows through a main valve through a test bed, is throttled and depressurized, controls the flow, is mixed with alcohol for combustion through a heating system, shows the process of adding mass and increasing temperature of air flow from the air flow parameters, and then divides the air flow into two paths through a main path valve, wherein the main path is the air flow for experiment, the pressure is controlled by the main path valve, and the bypass is directly discharged into the atmosphere; the total pressure output by the experiment table is controlled by a main valve and a main path valve, the total output temperature is controlled by the combustion equivalence ratio and is influenced by the flow of alcohol and the flow of incoming air, namely, the total pressure output by the experiment table is adjusted and controlled by the main valve and the mass flow of the alcohol together.
Preferably, when the flow of the air main valve is calculated, a preset total pressure loss is assumed, then continuous iteration updating is carried out according to a bisection method until an accurate solution meeting the experimental requirement is solved, and the absolute error is less than 0.001; and (4) building a test bed model by using a fixed step length modeling mode, wherein 0.01 second is selected as a reference step length for building all models.
Preferably, the built test bed model is identified by using the linear model, and then the test bed identification model is obtained.
Preferably, the PID controller is used for controlling the built test bed model and adjusting the parameters used by the controller.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, the coupling characteristics of the test bed and the engine are considered in a modeling mode, the total pressure of the airflow behind the main valve is determined by using the integral of the variation relation of the flow and the pressure, and then the parameters of the incoming airflow used by the engine are calculated by using the calculation of the main valve module. And in the total temperature calculation of the engine experiment table, the total temperature of the incoming flow is increased by utilizing the oxygen supplementation mode after the alcohol is combusted, wherein the total temperature of the incoming flow is determined by utilizing the specific heat of the alcohol and the mass of the alcohol added for combustion. The linear model of the engine is obtained in an identification mode in the design scheme of the controller, the PID control is adopted to control the coupling performance model of the experiment table and the engine, and the parameters of the controller are adjusted. The invention aims to be deployed on hardware for semi-physical simulation, so that the modeling process and the controller design process are uniformly carried out in a fixed step length mode. The modeling and control strategy of the invention not only considers the rapidity of model calculation, but also utilizes the integral relation calculation of pressure and flow to ensure the accuracy of calculation, thus providing a foundation for being deployed on hardware and further carrying out engine experiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a basic operating principle of an engine bench coupling model of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows basic input and output parameters of a model of the coupling performance of the test bench and the engine according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a frequency domain response of a closed loop bode plot of the control model of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is the response of the total temperature signal of the original model and the identification model of the present invention under the step signal.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
according to fig. 1 to 4, the invention provides a modeling method of a coupling performance model of a test bed and an engine for semi-physical simulation, which comprises the following steps:
a modeling method of a coupling performance model of a test bed and an engine for semi-physical simulation comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the flow of an outlet, the post-valve total pressure, the total pressure loss coefficient and the speed coefficient by establishing a pressure inlet and back pressure given by a mathematical model of a total valve and the opening degree of the valve;
the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1:
setting a total pressure loss coefficient, calculating to obtain a pneumatic function pi (lambda) according to the set total pressure loss coefficient, obtaining a speed coefficient lambda according to the pneumatic function pi (lambda), solving to obtain a flow coefficient q (lambda) according to the speed coefficient lambda, determining the total pressure loss coefficient caused by the valve process, determining the parameter of an outlet according to the total pressure loss coefficient, and expressing the total pressure loss coefficient by the following formula:
sigma-total pressure loss coefficient
P*Total pressure of incoming flow
PbBack pressure
Specific heat ratio of k-gas
Lambda-coefficient of velocity
T*Total temperature of the gas flow
W-mass flow
Alpha-valve opening
Obtaining flow by a total pressure loss coefficient, a total temperature and a flow system q (lambda), obtaining the total pressure loss coefficient by flow calculation, and continuously carrying out calculation iteration on the obtained total pressure loss until a convergence result is obtained by calculation;
step 1.2: calculating to obtain the total pressure behind the main valve under the condition that the opening signal and the flow of the main valve are given, and during calculation, firstly calculating a total pressure recovery coefficient, wherein the total pressure recovery coefficient of the valve is related to the total pressure, the total temperature, the flow and the valve opening, so that the total pressure recovery coefficient behind the valve is directly solved through input parameters, namely the total pressure behind the valve is solved, and the total pressure behind the valve is expressed by the following formula:
sigma-total pressure loss coefficient
P*Total pressure of incoming flow
T*Total temperature of the gas flow
W-mass flow
Alpha-valve opening
And calculating the total pressure loss caused by the valve according to the total pressure and flow entering the valve, the opening degree of the valve and other parameters, and further calculating the total outlet pressure of the valve.
Step 2: establishing a heater model, and determining the temperature of the heater after alcohol combustion through the heat release of the alcohol and the temperature rise of the gas;
the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
in order to simulate the inflow of high-enthalpy gas during high-speed flight of an aircraft in a heater, the total temperature of the inflow gas needs to be increased, alcohol is selected to be combusted in the heater to release heat so as to increase the total enthalpy of gas flow, and a heater model is established;
assuming that the air components are 79% of nitrogen and 21% of oxygen, other gases which do not participate in the reaction in the air are classified into the nitrogen;
when Cmol air exists, alcohol of Amol participates in combustion, Bmol oxygen is supplemented into a heater, and an equation is obtained according to an alcohol combustion equation and the final oxygen volume fraction after oxygen supplementation:
then can obtain
That is, it means that 4.33mol of oxygen is required to burn 1mol of alcohol, and 3.01kg of oxygen is used instead of 1kg of alcohol.
The ratio relation of the oxygen mass to be supplemented and the alcohol mass is obtained through analysis, and the heater temperature after alcohol combustion is calculated through the heat release of alcohol and the temperature rise of gas:
the final gas temperature is obtained by converting the heat release of the alcohol into the temperature rise of the mixed gas.
And step 3: and determining PID controller parameters of the engine test bed coupling model, determining a transfer function of the total temperature test bed, and setting the parameters used by the controller.
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps: according to the physical modeling process of the total temperature test bed, the transfer function of the total temperature test bed is represented by the following formula:
wherein, the constant item of the system only represents a gain link, and the total temperature closed-loop control system is designed based on the transfer function object and sets the parameters of the controller.
The model flows through a test bed, is throttled and depressurized through a main valve, controls the flow, is subjected to mixed combustion with alcohol through a heating system, shows a process of adding mass and increasing temperature of air flow from air flow parameters, and then divides the air flow into two paths through a main path valve, wherein the main path is the air flow for experiment, the pressure is controlled by the main path valve, and the bypass is directly discharged into the atmosphere; the total pressure output by the experiment table is controlled by a main valve and a main path valve, the total output temperature is controlled by the combustion equivalence ratio and is influenced by the flow of alcohol and the flow of incoming air, namely, the total pressure output by the experiment table is adjusted and controlled by the main valve and the mass flow of the alcohol together.
When the flow of the air main valve is calculated, a preset total pressure loss is assumed, then, the iteration is continuously updated according to the dichotomy until an accurate solution meeting the experimental requirements is solved, and the absolute error is less than 0.001; and (4) building a test bed model by using a fixed step length modeling mode, wherein 0.01 second is selected as a reference step length for building all models.
In order to simulate high-enthalpy gas inflow during high-speed flight of an aircraft in the heater, the total temperature of the inflow gas needs to be increased, so that alcohol is selected to be combusted in the heater to release heat to increase the total enthalpy of the gas flow, but the fact that the oxygen component of the gas flow at the outlet of the heater is reduced due to the fact that the alcohol is used to increase the total temperature is avoided, and subsequent experiments are affected. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the oxygen component to the oxygen component in the normal air after the alcohol combustion temperature rises, that is, to ensure that the volume fraction of the final oxygen is 21%. And establishing a heater model based on the above thought.
C2H5OH+3O2＝2CO2+3H2O
And identifying the built test bed model by using the linear model so as to obtain the test bed identification model.
And controlling the built test bed model by using a PID controller, and setting parameters used by the controller. In consideration of the fact that the differential link of the PID controller is greatly influenced by noise in practical application, the PI controller is mostly adopted to carry out closed-loop control on a controlled object. The performance and robustness analysis of the closed-loop system can be known as follows: the rise time was 0.694 seconds, the settling time was 2.37 seconds, the overshoot was 5.5%, and the phase angle margin was 75 °. The above results show that the control system design meets the stability requirements and has good control performance.
In the design of the controller for adjusting the total pressure of the experiment table, since the calculation of the pressure parameters involves the participation of a plurality of valve components and a plurality of variables, the direct derivation of the transfer function is quite complex, and therefore, the calculation can be carried out by adopting an identification method. By analyzing the response of the step signal, a first-order inertia element can be used for analysis.
The identification model and the original model are used for analysis, so that the identification model and the original model are very close to each other under the response of the step signal, and the identification model can be used for designing the controller. The design method of the pressure controller parameters is the same as the design method of the temperature controller parameters. The controller is a PI controller.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the modeling method of the coupling performance model of the test bed and the engine for the semi-physical simulation, and the protection range of the modeling method of the coupling performance model of the test bed and the engine for the semi-physical simulation is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea belong to the protection range of the invention. It should be noted that modifications and variations which do not depart from the gist of the invention will be those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains and which are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A modeling method of a coupling performance model of a test bed and an engine for semi-physical simulation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the flow of an outlet, the post-valve total pressure, the total pressure loss coefficient and the speed coefficient by establishing a pressure inlet and back pressure given by a mathematical model of a total valve and the opening degree of the valve;
step 2: establishing a heater model, and determining the temperature of the heater after alcohol combustion through the heat release of the alcohol and the temperature rise of the gas;
and step 3: and determining PID controller parameters of the engine test bed coupling model, determining a transfer function of the total temperature test bed, and setting the parameters used by the controller.
2. The modeling method of the coupling performance model of the test bed and the engine for the semi-physical simulation according to claim 1, wherein the modeling method comprises the following steps: the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1:
setting a total pressure loss coefficient, calculating to obtain a pneumatic function pi (lambda) according to the set total pressure loss coefficient, obtaining a speed coefficient lambda according to the pneumatic function pi (lambda), solving to obtain a flow coefficient q (lambda) according to the speed coefficient lambda, determining the total pressure loss coefficient caused by the valve process, determining the parameter of an outlet according to the total pressure loss coefficient, and expressing the total pressure loss coefficient by the following formula:
obtaining flow by a total pressure loss coefficient, a total temperature and a flow system q (lambda), obtaining the total pressure loss coefficient by flow calculation, and continuously carrying out calculation iteration on the obtained total pressure loss until a convergence result is obtained by calculation;
step 1.2: calculating to obtain the total pressure behind the main valve under the condition that the opening signal and the flow of the main valve are given, and during calculation, firstly calculating a total pressure recovery coefficient, wherein the total pressure recovery coefficient of the valve is related to the total pressure, the total temperature, the flow and the valve opening, so that the total pressure recovery coefficient behind the valve is directly solved through input parameters, namely the total pressure behind the valve is solved, and the total pressure behind the valve is expressed by the following formula:
and calculating the total pressure loss caused by the valve according to the total pressure and flow entering the valve, the opening degree of the valve and other parameters, and further calculating the total outlet pressure of the valve.
3. The modeling method of the coupling performance model of the test bed and the engine for the semi-physical simulation according to claim 1, wherein the modeling method comprises the following steps: the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
in order to simulate the inflow of high-enthalpy gas during high-speed flight of an aircraft in a heater, the total temperature of the inflow gas needs to be increased, alcohol is selected to be combusted in the heater to release heat so as to increase the total enthalpy of gas flow, and a heater model is established;
assuming that the air components are 79% of nitrogen and 21% of oxygen, other gases which do not participate in the reaction in the air are classified into the nitrogen;
when Cmol air exists, alcohol of Amol participates in combustion, Bmol oxygen is supplemented into a heater, and an equation is obtained according to an alcohol combustion equation and the final oxygen volume fraction after oxygen supplementation:
the ratio relation of the oxygen mass to be supplemented and the alcohol mass is obtained through analysis, and the heater temperature after alcohol combustion is calculated through the heat release of alcohol and the temperature rise of gas:
the final gas temperature is obtained by converting the heat release of the alcohol into the temperature rise of the mixed gas.
4. The modeling method of the coupling performance model of the test bed and the engine for the semi-physical simulation according to claim 1, wherein the modeling method comprises the following steps: the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps: according to the physical modeling process of the total temperature test bed, the transfer function of the total temperature test bed is represented by the following formula:
wherein, the constant item of the system only represents a gain link, and the total temperature closed-loop control system is designed based on the transfer function object and sets the parameters of the controller.
5. The modeling method of the coupling performance model of the test bed and the engine for the semi-physical simulation according to claim 1, wherein the modeling method comprises the following steps: the model flows through a test bed, is throttled and depressurized through a main valve, controls the flow, is subjected to mixed combustion with alcohol through a heating system, shows a process of adding mass and increasing temperature of air flow from air flow parameters, and then divides the air flow into two paths through a main path valve, wherein the main path is the air flow for experiment, the pressure is controlled by the main path valve, and the bypass is directly discharged into the atmosphere; the total pressure output by the experiment table is controlled by a main valve and a main path valve, the total output temperature is controlled by the combustion equivalence ratio and is influenced by the flow of alcohol and the flow of incoming air, namely, the total pressure output by the experiment table is adjusted and controlled by the main valve and the mass flow of the alcohol together.
6. The modeling method of the coupling performance model of the test bed and the engine for the semi-physical simulation according to claim 1, wherein the modeling method comprises the following steps: when the flow of the air main valve is calculated, a preset total pressure loss is assumed, then, the iteration is continuously updated according to the dichotomy until an accurate solution meeting the experimental requirements is solved, and the absolute error is less than 0.001; and (4) building a test bed model by using a fixed step length modeling mode, wherein 0.01 second is selected as a reference step length for building all models.
7. The modeling method of the coupling performance model of the test bed and the engine for the semi-physical simulation according to claim 1, wherein the modeling method comprises the following steps: and identifying the built test bed model by using the linear model so as to obtain the test bed identification model.
8. The modeling method of the coupling performance model of the test bed and the engine for the semi-physical simulation according to claim 1, wherein the modeling method comprises the following steps: and controlling the built test bed model by using a PID controller, and setting parameters used by the controller.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115099152A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-09-23 | 沈阳鼓风机集团股份有限公司 | Industrial compressor process rapid modeling method |
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