CN113340892A - Fire-resistant test method for copper conductor of fire-resistant cable - Google Patents

Fire-resistant test method for copper conductor of fire-resistant cable Download PDF

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CN113340892A
CN113340892A CN202011636672.3A CN202011636672A CN113340892A CN 113340892 A CN113340892 A CN 113340892A CN 202011636672 A CN202011636672 A CN 202011636672A CN 113340892 A CN113340892 A CN 113340892A
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copper conductor
fire
copper
cable
resistant
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汤优钢
林家弘
金首成
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Jiangsu Xinhai High Conductivity New Materials Co ltd
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/12Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of copper conductor testing, and discloses a fire-resistant test method for a fire-resistant cable copper conductor, which comprises the following test steps: s1, selecting a copper conductor; s2, testing the fire resistance of single root; s3, testing the fire resistance of the cable; and S4, judging the fire resistance. According to the fire resistance test method for the copper conductor of the fire-resistant cable, the influence on the appearance of the copper conductor is obvious through the environmental temperature and the heating time, and the higher the temperature is, the longer the heating time is, the thicker the oxide layer attached to the surface of the copper conductor is; the change of the gold particle size in the metallographic structure of the copper conductor is only related to the environmental temperature, but is not related to the wire diameter and the heating time of the copper conductor greatly, so that the temperature of the fireproof heat-insulating layer on the outer layer of the copper conductor of the fireproof cable is controlled within 300 ℃ as far as possible by combining with the experiment summary.

Description

Fire-resistant test method for copper conductor of fire-resistant cable
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of copper conductor testing, in particular to a fire-resistant test method for a fire-resistant cable copper conductor.
Background
Along with the improvement of national fire safety consciousness, the fire-resistant cable is more and more widely applied to various buildings and ships, particularly the rapid development of the shipbuilding industry in China and the improvement of the electrification, automation and systematization degree of modern ship equipment, and the use amount of the cable as the vessel and nerve of the ship is more and more large.
The design specification of the existing ship puts higher requirements on ship vitality, fighting capacity and personnel life safety under damage control, so that measures for improving power supply, communication safety and the like of the ship which still needs to work reliably under the fire condition are directly related to the safety of the ship life and personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fire resistance test method for a fire-resistant cable copper conductor, which can improve and enhance the fire resistance of a product by analyzing the influence factors of the fire resistance test on the copper conductor, and solves the problems of power supply and communication safety that ships need to work reliably under the fire catching state.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: s1, selecting a copper conductor: cutting the fire-resistant cable for 1.8 meters, stripping the sheaths and the insulating layers at two ends, and exposing the copper conductor body;
s2, single joint fire resistance test: placing the copper conductor into a muffle furnace, controlling the temperature of the muffle furnace to be between 300 ℃ and 1000 ℃, burning for 10-50 minutes, taking out, taking a picture by using a body type microscope, researching the appearance characteristics of the copper conductor, and observing the change of the tissue structure of the copper conductor by using a metallographic microscope after the copper conductor is subjected to the steps of inlaying, polishing, corroding and the like;
s3, cable fire resistance test: cutting 1.8 meters of the cable, stripping the sheaths and the insulating layers at the two ends, exposing the copper conductor, connecting an experimental device with an insulated wire core, bending the insulated wire core into a U shape according to the minimum complete radius specified by a manufacturer, and selecting a midpoint of a sample for a mechanical stress impact point and a water flow impact point in the experiment;
s4, judging the fire resistance: if the surface of the burning copper conductor is only attached with a slight and compact oxide layer in the step S2 and the metal luster can be seen, and the cable is not broken down within 100min in the step S3, judging that the test is passed;
preferably, pure copper has a melting point of 1083 deg.C and the impurity-containing copper has a lower melting point, so that pure copper is used to exclude impure copper.
Preferably, the melting point of pure copper is 1083 ℃, and when the temperature exceeds the melting point of copper under the fire scene, the copper conductor will melt and flow to form a flow mark, so that the maximum temperature is 1000 ℃ and below 1000 ℃ to examine the influence of the temperature on the copper conductor, and 800 ℃, 500 ℃, 300 ℃ are selected as objects to be examined.
Preferably, the maximum heating time of the copper conductor is set to be 60min, and the influence of 30min and 10min on the metallographic structure of the copper conductor is considered at the same time.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a fire-resistant test method for a fire-resistant cable copper conductor, which has the following beneficial effects:
according to the fire resistance test method for the copper conductor of the fire-resistant cable, the influence on the appearance of the copper conductor is obvious through the environmental temperature and the heating time, and the higher the temperature is, the longer the heating time is, the thicker the oxide layer attached to the surface of the copper conductor is; the change of the gold particle size in the metallographic structure of the copper conductor is only related to the environmental temperature, but is not related to the wire diameter and the heating time of the copper conductor greatly, so that the temperature of the fireproof heat-insulating layer on the outer layer of the copper conductor of the fireproof cable is controlled within 300 ℃ as far as possible by combining with the experiment summary.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an appearance of a copper conductor of the present invention at 300 ℃;
FIG. 2 is an appearance of a copper conductor of the present invention at 500 ℃;
FIG. 3 is an appearance of a copper conductor of the present invention at 800 ℃;
FIG. 4 is an appearance of a copper conductor of the present invention at 100 ℃;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic structure of an unused copper conductor according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the metallographic structure of the copper conductor of the present invention at 300 ℃ for 30 min;
FIG. 7 shows the metallographic structure of the copper conductor of the present invention after 30min at 500 ℃;
FIG. 8 shows the metallographic structure of the copper conductor of the present invention after 30min at 800 ℃;
FIG. 9 shows the metallographic structure of the copper conductor of the present invention at 1000 ℃ for 30 min;
FIG. 10 shows the metallographic structure of a copper conductor of the present invention at 1000 ℃ for 10 min;
FIG. 11 shows the metallographic structure of a copper conductor of the present invention at 1000 ℃ for 60 min;
FIG. 12 is a test chart of cable No. 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a test chart of cable No. 2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a test chart of cable No. 3 according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a test chart of cable No. 4 according to the present invention;
fig. 16 is a test chart of the cable No. 5 of the present invention.
In the figure, a is 10min later, b: after 30min, c: after 60 min.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A fire-resistant test method for a fire-resistant cable copper conductor comprises the following test steps: the method is characterized by comprising the following test steps:
s1, selecting a copper conductor: cutting the fire-resistant cable for 1.8 meters, stripping the sheaths and the insulating layers at two ends, and exposing the copper conductor body;
s2, single joint fire resistance test: placing the copper conductor into a muffle furnace, controlling the temperature of the muffle furnace to be between 300 ℃ and 1000 ℃, burning for 10-50 minutes, taking out, taking a picture by using a body type microscope, researching the appearance characteristics of the copper conductor, and observing the change of the tissue structure of the copper conductor by using a metallographic microscope after the copper conductor is subjected to the steps of inlaying, polishing, corroding and the like;
s3, cable fire resistance test: cutting 1.8 meters of the cable, stripping the sheaths and the insulating layers at the two ends, exposing the copper conductor, connecting an experimental device with an insulated wire core, bending the insulated wire core into a U shape according to the minimum complete radius specified by a manufacturer, and selecting a midpoint of a sample for a mechanical stress impact point and a water flow impact point in the experiment;
s4, judging the fire resistance: if the surface of the burning copper conductor is only attached with a slight and compact oxide layer in the step S2 and the metallic luster can be seen, and the cable is not broken down within 100min in the step S3, the test is judged to be passed.
Furthermore, the melting point of pure copper is 1083 ℃, and the melting point of copper containing impurities is lower, so that impure copper is removed, and pure copper is adopted.
Further, since pure copper has a melting point of 1083 ℃ and a copper conductor melts and flows to form a flow mark when the temperature exceeds the melting point of copper under the fire field condition, the maximum temperature was set to 1000 ℃ and below 1000 ℃ to examine the influence of temperature on the copper conductor, 800 ℃, 500 ℃, 300 ℃ were selected as objects to be examined.
Further, the longest heating time of the copper conductor is set as 60min, and the influence of 30min and 10min on the metallographic structure of the copper conductor is considered simultaneously.
Example 1
As can be seen from the appearance diagrams of fig. 1 to 4, the surface of the copper conductor is only attached with a slight and compact oxide layer at 300 ℃, and the metallic luster can also be seen; at 500 ℃ and 800 ℃, the metallic luster basically disappears, the surface of the copper conductor is in a map shape in a period of time, the oxidation degree is increased along with the increase of the time, the color of the whole surface is covered by a black oxide layer, and the oxide layer is not easy to fall off after the contact; at 1000 ℃, oxidation is violent, a thicker oxide layer is attached to the copper conductor, the oxide layer is easy to peel off after the copper conductor is touched, and the copper conductor presents purplish red metallic luster and uneven surface.
As can be seen in fig. 4-9, the unused copper conductor, because of the cold rolling and drawing, exhibits a broken fibrous texture; at 300 ℃, fine equiaxed crystals begin to form, the temperature rises, the equiaxed crystals grow up, and at 1000 ℃, the coarse equiaxed crystals become.
As can be seen from the metallographic structure of fig. 10 and 11, the metallographic structure of the copper conductor is mainly composed of coarse equiaxed crystals, and the structural change of the metallographic structure is not obvious due to the change of the heating time.
Figure RE-GDA0003196846150000051
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the influence of the wire diameter and the heating time on the grain size of the metallographic structure of the copper conductor is not obvious, but the influence of the temperature on the grain size is larger, the original average grain size of copper is about 14.4 μm, the grain size is not obviously increased at 300 ℃, the grain size is slightly increased at 500 ℃, the grain size is obviously increased when the temperature reaches 800 ℃ and 1000 ℃, and the grain size is increased by 10 times compared with the unused copper conductor.
At 300 ℃, the atom migration speed in the copper conductor is low and relatively stable, the microstructure is basically kept unchanged, so the grain size is basically unchanged, the atom movement in the copper conductor is accelerated along with the increase of the temperature, the grains are gradually aggregated and grown, the grains are polymerized into large grains, and the grains are rapidly grown after recrystallization to present coarse isometric crystals.
Example 2
The materials of instruments and equipment required by the experiment are as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0003196846150000061
TABLE 2 BBTRZ fire-resistant cable specimen model and specification
Figure RE-GDA0003196846150000071
Please refer to fig. 12-16
The No. 1 test sample is provided by a customer, and consists of a fire-resistant mica tape, a low-smoke halogen-free insulating material, a mineral isolating layer, a wrapping halogen-free tape, a low-smoke halogen-free outer sheath layer and the like according to the description of the customer, and when the test is carried out for 72min, breakdown occurs, and the cable is seriously deformed under the impact of mechanical stress;
the No. 2 sample is provided by a customer, is composed of a fire-resistant mica tape, a mineral composite insulation layer, a cross-linked polyethylene insulation layer, a flame-retardant tape, an outer sheath and the like according to the description of the customer, and is punctured when the test time reaches 117 min. When the test is finished, the sheath layer, the filling layer, the insulating layer and the mica tape military supplies water flow of the cable are completely flushed, the copper conductor is exposed in the air, and the exposed copper conductor is in contact with the ground wire to cause open circuit;
the No. 3 sample is provided by a customer, and consists of a fire-resistant mica tape, glass rope filling, double-layer tape middle-sandwiched inorganic filler and an outer sheath layer according to the description of the customer. Breakdown occurred by 118min of the test. When the test is finished, the sheath layer, the filling layer, the insulating layer and the mica tape military supplies water flow of the cable are completely flushed, the copper conductor is exposed in the air, and the exposed copper conductor is in contact with the ground wire to cause open circuit.
No. 4 sample is provided by the customer, and according to customer's description by synthetic mica tape, crosslinked polyethylene insulating layer, mineral substance filling layer, inorganic mineral substance flame retardant coating, mineral substance around band layer and low smoke and zero halogen polyolefin restrictive coating etc. constitute, the filling layer does not drop when experimental to 120min, and the protection of copper conductor is good, and the experiment passes.
No. 5 sample is provided by the customer, describes according to the customer and comprises fire resistant mica tape insulating layer, PE isolation layer, mineral substance filling layer, mineral substance winding band layer and low smoke and zero halogen polyolefin restrictive coating etc. and the filling layer does not drop when experimental to 120min, and the protection of copper conductor is good, and the experiment passes.
According to the fire resistance test method for the copper conductor of the fire-resistant cable, the influence on the appearance of the copper conductor is obvious through the environmental temperature and the heating time, and the higher the temperature is, the longer the heating time is, the thicker the oxide layer attached to the surface of the copper conductor is; the change of the gold particle size in the metallographic structure of the copper conductor is only related to the environmental temperature, but is not related to the wire diameter and the heating time of the copper conductor greatly, so that the temperature of the fireproof heat-insulating layer on the outer layer of the copper conductor of the fireproof cable is controlled within 300 ℃ as far as possible by combining with the experiment summary.
It is to be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The standard parts used in the present application can be purchased from the market, and can be customized according to the description of the specification and the accompanying drawings, the specific connection mode of each part adopts the conventional means matured in the prior art, the machinery, parts and equipment all adopt the conventional type in the prior art, the circuit connection adopts the conventional connection mode in the prior art, no specific description is provided here, meanwhile, the electric elements appearing in the specification are electrically connected with the external main controller and the mains supply, the peripheral controller mentioned in the specification can play a control role for the electric elements mentioned in the specification, and the peripheral controller is the conventional known equipment
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (4)

1. A fire-resistant test method for a fire-resistant cable copper conductor is characterized by comprising the following test steps:
s1, selecting a copper conductor: cutting the fire-resistant cable for 1.8 meters, stripping the sheaths and the insulating layers at two ends, and exposing the copper conductor body;
s2, single joint fire resistance test: placing the copper conductor into a muffle furnace, controlling the temperature of the muffle furnace to be between 300 ℃ and 1000 ℃, burning for 10-50 minutes, taking out, taking a picture by using a body type microscope, researching the appearance characteristics of the copper conductor, and observing the change of the tissue structure of the copper conductor by using a metallographic microscope after the copper conductor is subjected to the steps of inlaying, polishing, corroding and the like;
s3, cable fire resistance test: cutting 1.8 meters of the cable, stripping the sheaths and the insulating layers at the two ends, exposing the copper conductor, connecting an experimental device with an insulated wire core, bending the insulated wire core into a U shape according to the minimum complete radius specified by a manufacturer, and selecting a midpoint of a sample for a mechanical stress impact point and a water flow impact point in the experiment;
s4, judging the fire resistance: if the surface of the burning copper conductor is only attached with a slight and compact oxide layer in the step S2 and the metallic luster can be seen, and the cable is not broken down within 100min in the step S3, the test is judged to be passed.
2. The method for testing fire resistance of a copper conductor of a fire-resistant cable according to claim 1, wherein: the melting point of pure copper is 1083 ℃, and the melting point of copper containing impurities is lower, so that impure copper is removed and pure copper is adopted.
3. The method for testing fire resistance of a copper conductor of a fire-resistant cable according to claim 1, wherein: since pure copper has a melting point of 1083 ℃ and a copper conductor melts and flows to form a flow mark when the temperature exceeds the melting point of copper under fire conditions, 800 ℃, 500 ℃, and 300 ℃ were selected as objects to be examined, respectively, with the highest temperature being 1000 ℃ and below 1000 ℃ in order to examine the influence of temperature on the copper conductor.
4. The method for testing fire resistance of a copper conductor of a fire-resistant cable according to claim 1, wherein: the longest heating time of the copper conductor is set as 60min, and the influence of 30min and 10min on the metallographic structure of the copper conductor is considered.
CN202011636672.3A 2020-12-31 2020-12-31 Fire-resistant test method for copper conductor of fire-resistant cable Pending CN113340892A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105301173A (en) * 2015-11-18 2016-02-03 四川华西九方电缆有限公司 Metal sheath inorganic mineral insulation electric cable fire resistance performance testing method
CN109064867A (en) * 2018-10-15 2018-12-21 南京工业大学 A kind of ultra-high-tension power transmission line fire response characteristic and physicochemical property profit and loss experiment porch
CN111273138A (en) * 2020-02-24 2020-06-12 远东电缆有限公司 Suspended cable fire resistance test device and method for super high-rise building

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105301173A (en) * 2015-11-18 2016-02-03 四川华西九方电缆有限公司 Metal sheath inorganic mineral insulation electric cable fire resistance performance testing method
CN109064867A (en) * 2018-10-15 2018-12-21 南京工业大学 A kind of ultra-high-tension power transmission line fire response characteristic and physicochemical property profit and loss experiment porch
CN111273138A (en) * 2020-02-24 2020-06-12 远东电缆有限公司 Suspended cable fire resistance test device and method for super high-rise building

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GEL/20/17下属委员会: "《BS 8491:2008 用于烟和热控制系统及其他特定的仍在继续的火灾安全系统部件的大直径电力电缆着火完整性的评定方法》", 31 January 2008 *

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