CN113340117A - Smelting furnace smelting method based on bottom blowing oxygen lance - Google Patents
Smelting furnace smelting method based on bottom blowing oxygen lance Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/14—Arrangements of heating devices
- F27B14/143—Heating of the crucible by convection of combustion gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/20—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
- F27D2003/162—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel
- F27D2003/163—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel the fluid being an oxidant
- F27D2003/164—Oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
- F27D2003/168—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge through a lance
- F27D2003/169—Construction of the lance, e.g. lances for injecting particles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
- F27M2003/00—Type of treatment of the charge
- F27M2003/13—Smelting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a smelting furnace smelting method based on a bottom blowing oxygen lance, which comprises the steps of designing a new smelting furnace or establishing an oxygen-enriched bottom blowing molten pool smelting furnace hearth thermal process numerical simulation platform according to the smelting furnace model design parameters; establishing a kinetic-thermodynamic transient morphology of the smelting furnace according to a real-time smelting process through a hearth thermal process numerical simulation platform of the oxygen-enriched bottom-blown molten pool smelting furnace; the dynamics-thermodynamics transient morphology is transmitted and displayed in a DCS, and the DCS performs frequency conversion control on a frequency conversion microcomputer controller according to a real-time smelting process to realize the enhanced heat transfer of a smelting furnace; the DCS controls the frequency of oxygen enrichment of the bottom blowing oxygen spray gun through a frequency conversion microcomputer controller; the invention improves the production efficiency of the smelting furnace, enhances the heat transfer and obtains the best molten pool stirring effect with the minimum energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy and energy, in particular to a smelting furnace smelting method based on a bottom blowing oxygen lance.
Background
The independently developed spray gun bottom blowing smelting technology in China is a key strengthening technology for molten pool smelting, has good adaptability to mineral resources with low grade and many impurities, and is widely applied to the smelting process of nonferrous metals such as copper, tin, lead and the like after the rapid development for 20 years.
The bottom-blowing oxygen lance is one of the core components of the bottom-blowing smelting furnace, and in the smelting process, gas is injected into the furnace through the spray gun to provide power required by stirring an oxidant and a melt for reaction, so that the load factor, the operation rate, the service life of the furnace, the furnace condition and the energy consumption of accessory equipment of the bottom-blowing furnace are directly influenced. The furnace burden such as concentrate, flux and the like is added from a feeding port at the top of the furnace, the molten pool is in a violent stirring state under the action of high-speed airflow ejected by a spray gun, and the materials are rapidly melted under high temperature and high turbulence and are subjected to strong physicochemical reactions such as oxidation slagging, desulfurization and the like of sulfide. The good stirring of the smelting furnace molten pool can increase the contact between the slag layer and the metal phase and the furnace gas, and strengthen the dynamic conditions that the metal oxide generated by the oxidation of nonferrous metals enters the slag and the metal oxide in the slag volatilizes.
In conclusion, the reaction dynamics process in the bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace is extremely complex, the temperature field and the flow field in the hearth have large fluctuation, the influence factors are many, and the process is not easy to control. The most key technical problem is how to strengthen the heat and mass transfer process in the furnace and optimize various operation parameters of a bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace in order to realize efficient and continuous smelting process and realize the optimal molten pool stirring effect with the minimum energy consumption cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a smelting furnace smelting method based on a bottom blowing oxygen lance, which is used for solving the problems in the prior art, can combine metallurgical computational fluid mechanics simulation with enhanced heat transfer technology, and aims to improve the production efficiency of an oxygen-enriched bottom blowing molten pool smelting furnace, enhance heat transfer, optimize the stirring effect of a molten pool and avoid serious process accidents such as foam slag; and the energy conservation and emission reduction of the nonferrous smelting industry are promoted to provide a feasible optimized technical scheme.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a smelting furnace smelting method based on a bottom blowing oxygen lance, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: designing a new smelting furnace or establishing a numerical simulation platform of the hearth thermal process of the oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace according to the furnace type design parameters of the smelting furnace;
step two: establishing a kinetic-thermodynamic transient morphology of the smelting furnace according to a real-time smelting process through the oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace hearth thermal process numerical simulation platform;
step three: transmitting and displaying the dynamics-thermodynamics transient morphology in a DCS (distributed control system), and carrying out frequency conversion control on a frequency conversion microcomputer controller by the DCS according to a real-time smelting process to realize enhanced heat transfer on the smelting furnace;
step four: the DCS controls the frequency of the oxygen enrichment of the bottom blowing oxygen spray gun through the frequency conversion microcomputer controller.
And in the step one, the new smelting furnace is designed according to design parameters and installation site size conditions, and the furnace shape size of the smelting furnace, the caliber of the bottom-blowing oxygen lance and the distance between the adjacent bottom-blowing spray guns are calculated by a numerical simulation platform of the thermal process of the hearth of the oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace.
Preferably, according to design parameters and the size condition of a smelting furnace installation site, key parameters such as the size of an optimal furnace model, the caliber of a spray gun, the inclination angle of a flue and the like are calculated by using a simulation platform, so that the optimal construction scheme reference is provided for the design and the design of a new furnace model; but the design parameters also comprise auxiliary parameters such as the number spacing and the optimal size of the oxygen blowing spray guns in the furnace, the change rule of the liquid level of the molten pool, the fluctuation coefficient, the installation form and the like.
In the second step, the numerical simulation platform of the hearth thermal process of the oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace obtains a hydromechanics heat and mass transfer control equation set through an RNG kappa-epsilon turbulence diffusion model, a VOF (volume fraction function) multiphase flow model, an enhanced wall function model and a P1 radiation model, and solves the hydromechanics heat and mass transfer control equation set through CFD software;
and (2) calculating the kinetic-thermodynamic transient morphology in the smelting furnace molten pool with violent stirring by adopting a Pressure Implicit Splitting Operator (PISO) coupled Pressure-speed field.
The pressure discrete format of the pressure implicit splitting operator coupling pressure-velocity field adopts PRESTO! A format; the dynamic discrete format is realized by a second-order windward format and is used for ensuring the transient geometric reconstruction (Geo-reconstruction) of volume fraction.
Preferably, the RNG kappa-epsilon turbulent diffusion model is optimized by a reforming programming Group statistics technique (RNG for short);
the second step also comprises the step of establishing a dynamic database according to the parameters of the smelting process in the smelting furnace; the dynamic database is used for carrying out real-time iterative comparison and intelligent correction on parameters obtained by the oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace hearth thermal process numerical simulation platform and transmitting the corrected dynamics-thermodynamics transient morphology to the DCS.
The dynamic database is established based on the air quantity, oxygen quantity, feeding speed, oxygen-enriched concentration, basic change rule of molten pool liquid level position in each smelting stage and operation parameters of molten pool fluctuation in the operation process in the smelting furnace.
The real-time smelting process is determined by the technological environment required by different smelting stages of the smelting furnace, the position changes of the liquid level of the molten pool and the metal matte layer and the fluctuation of the oxygen content of the technological air.
The oxygen blowing spray gun comprises a gun body and a spray head connected with the gun body through a flange; a core body is arranged in the spray head; the core body is of a three-layer concentric circle structure; a swirler is fixedly arranged on the central layer of the core body; the width of the fan blade of the cyclone is matched with the inner wall of the spray head; the cyclone is electrically connected with the variable frequency microcomputer controller; the edge layer of the core body is provided with an oxygen-enriched pore channel; a secondary edge insulating layer of the core body is provided with a protective gas pore passage; the oxygen-enriched pore channel and the protective gas pore channel are fan-shaped pore channels which are arranged at equal intervals.
The gas in the protective gas pore passage is nitrogen.
Preferably, the jet flow which stably generates the mushroom head is sprayed out, is an ideal spraying state in industrial production, can optimize spraying parameters, obtain the optimal stirring effect of a molten pool, delay the corrosion speed of an oxygen blowing spray gun and surrounding refractory bricks and prolong the service life.
Furthermore, the oxygen blowing spray gun is combined with the variable frequency microcomputer controller through the cyclone, so that the flow resistance of fluid in the spray gun is greatly reduced while the heat exchange effect is enhanced; the rotating airflow and the molten pool form more uniform bubble group jet flow after interaction, the impact depth is larger, and stable mushroom head jet flow is easier to form;
and the stirring effect is strengthened through the rotational flow, so that the reaction of oxygen-enriched air and materials is promoted, the self-heating of a molten pool is more sufficient, and the foam slag is obviously reduced in the smelting process. Meanwhile, the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas is obviously improved, and good conditions are created for the acid making process.
Furthermore, the increase of the oxygen enrichment can not cause adverse effects on the refractory materials of the furnace body and the service life of the spray gun, and obviously weaken the splashing of the spray gun. Therefore, the addition of oxygen is improved by optimizing the operation parameters, the self-heating reaction in the melting pool can be fully excited, the melting process is more thorough, and the negative pressure of the hearth is easier to control.
The invention discloses the following technical effects: aiming at the process environment, the position change of the liquid level of the molten pool and the metal matte layer and the fluctuation of the oxygen content of the process air required by different smelting stages, the optimal process air quantity and pressure parameters provided by a numerical simulation platform of the hearth thermal process of the oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace are given to a DCS, and the metallurgical computational fluid mechanics simulation and the enhanced heat transfer technology are combined by means of controlling secondary air quantity, stabilizing feeding and the like, so that the production efficiency of the oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace is improved, the enhanced heat transfer is realized, and the optimal molten pool stirring effect is obtained with the minimum energy consumption.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of the showerhead construction of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the showerhead structure of the present invention.
The device comprises a nozzle 1, a core 2, a center layer 3, a swirler 4, an edge layer 5, an oxygen-enriched pore passage 6, a secondary edge layer 7 and a protective gas pore passage 8.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention provides a smelting furnace smelting method based on a bottom blowing oxygen lance, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: designing a new smelting furnace or establishing a numerical simulation platform of the hearth thermal process of the oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace according to the furnace type design parameters of the smelting furnace;
step two: establishing a kinetic-thermodynamic transient morphology of the smelting furnace according to a real-time smelting process through a hearth thermal process numerical simulation platform of the oxygen-enriched bottom-blown molten pool smelting furnace;
step three: the dynamics-thermodynamics transient morphology is transmitted and displayed in a DCS, and the DCS performs frequency conversion control on a frequency conversion microcomputer controller according to a real-time smelting process to realize the enhanced heat transfer of a smelting furnace;
step four: the DCS controls the frequency of oxygen enrichment of the bottom blowing oxygen spray gun through the frequency conversion microcomputer controller.
And (3) designing a new smelting furnace in the first step, and calculating the furnace size of the smelting furnace, the caliber of a bottom-blowing oxygen lance and the distance between adjacent bottom-blowing oxygen lances by using an oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace hearth thermal process numerical simulation platform according to design parameters and installation site size conditions.
In the second step, a numerical simulation platform of the hearth thermal process of the oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace obtains a hydromechanics heat and mass transfer control equation set through an RNG kappa-epsilon turbulence diffusion model, a VOF multiphase flow model, an enhanced wall function model and a P1 radiation model, and solves the equation set through CFD software;
and (3) calculating the dynamic-thermodynamic transient morphology in the smelting furnace molten pool with violent stirring by adopting a pressure implicit splitting operator to couple a pressure-velocity field.
The pressure discrete format of the pressure-velocity field coupled by the pressure implicit splitting operator adopts PRESTO! A format; the dynamic discrete format is realized by a second-order windward format and is used for ensuring transient geometric reconstruction of volume fraction.
Step two, establishing a dynamic database according to parameters of a smelting process in the smelting furnace; the dynamic database is used for carrying out real-time iterative comparison and intelligent correction on parameters obtained by a numerical simulation platform of the hearth thermal process of the oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace, and transmitting the corrected dynamic-thermodynamic transient morphology to the DCS.
The dynamic database is established based on the air quantity, oxygen quantity, feeding speed, oxygen-enriched concentration in the smelting furnace in the operation process, the basic change rule of the liquid level position of the molten pool in each smelting stage and the operation parameters of the fluctuation of the molten pool.
The real-time smelting process is determined by the technological environment required by different smelting stages of the smelting furnace, the position change of the liquid level of the molten pool and the metal matte layer and the fluctuation of the oxygen content of the technological air.
The oxygen blowing spray gun comprises a gun body and a spray head 1 connected with a flange of the gun body; a core body 2 is arranged in the spray head 1; the core body 2 is of a three-layer concentric circle structure; a swirler 4 is fixedly arranged on the central layer 3 of the core body 1; the width of the fan blade of the swirler 4 is matched with the inner wall of the nozzle 1; the swirler 4 is electrically connected with the frequency conversion microcomputer controller; the edge layer 5 of the core body 2 is provided with an oxygen-enriched pore passage 6; a secondary edge layer 7 of the core body 2 is provided with a protective air duct 8; the oxygen-enriched pore canal 6 and the protective gas pore canal 8 are fan-shaped pore canals which are arranged at equal intervals.
The gas in the protective gas pore canal 8 is nitrogen.
In one embodiment of the invention, 8 protection gas channels 8 are opened, and 4 oxygen-rich channels 6 are opened;
in one embodiment of the invention, the oxygen concentration of the process air is gradually increased to more than 50% on the premise that the optimized parameters gradually obtain stable smelting process environment.
In one embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the upper left corner of the furnace is a numerical simulation platform for the thermal process of a hearth of an oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace, the upper left corner is an actual smelting furnace structure, the upper right corner is an established simulation platform, and the two lower corners show different states of a platform calculation structure; the center diagram is
Corresponding to a dynamic database through a simulation platform, and displaying the latest internal parameters of the smelting furnace after iteration into a dynamic-thermodynamic transient morphology to a DCS (distributed control system); collecting process parameters in the running process in real time and transmitting the process parameters to a dynamic database;
and then the frequency conversion microcomputer controller controls the splashing effect in the oxygen blowing spray gun, thereby achieving the purposes of improving the production efficiency of the oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace, strengthening heat transfer and obtaining the best molten pool stirring effect with the minimum energy consumption.
In one embodiment of the invention, the design capacity of the charge amount of a bottom-blown converter in a copper smelting workshop of a certain smelting plant reaches 95 t/h. In the trial production process, the end of the bottom blowing spray gun is seriously corroded and damaged, the service life is short (30 days/count), the operation rate is seriously influenced, the oxygen lance brick is quickly washed, the melt is seriously splashed, and the melt is adhered to a charging opening and a furnace opening after splashing, so that a worker is difficult to operate, the furnace condition is worsened, and the labor intensity of the worker is increased. The reason for this is that the mushroom head of the bottom blowing spray gun grows irregularly, sometimes, grows uncontrollably, the pressure and flow rate at the outlet of the spray gun are low due to the unreasonable structure of the spray gun, the depth of the gas injected into the molten pool is shallow, the reaction is concentrated at the outlet of the spray gun, and the temperature at the outlet of the spray gun is high, so that the mushroom head is difficult to form. On the basis of taking main operation parameters such as air quantity, oxygen quantity, feeding speed, oxygen-enriched concentration, basic change rule of molten pool liquid level position in each smelting stage, molten pool fluctuation and the like in the trial operation process, a dynamic database of important monitoring parameters in the operation process of the horizontal bottom blowing furnace is established.
Selecting average concentrate components of Cu 24.654%, Fe 22.442%, S22.658%, SiO29.691%, CaO 1.194% and H2O 10%, inputting essential boundary conditions of basic furnace type parameters such as the furnace inner diameter of 4.2m, the length of 13.5m, the diameter of a spray gun of 48mm and the like into a hearth thermal process numerical simulation platform of an oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace, and simulating a complex spray pattern of a high-temperature molten pool under the blowing and stirring of a bottom-blowing spray gun by using an RNG kappa-epsilon turbulent flow diffusion model and a VOF multiphase flow model; the method comprises the steps of calculating mixed turbulent flow of air and oxygen under the action of a mixed bottom blowing oxygen lance and the cooling effect of the mixed turbulent flow on the lance by using an enhanced wall function model under the framework of a P1 radiation model to obtain the size and the thickness of the suitable mushroom head of the lance, calculating the equation set by using CFD software Fluent, processing a three-dimensional unsteady calculation result into a color cloud picture of dynamic-thermodynamic transient morphology by using Tecplot post-processing software, and displaying the color cloud picture in a main control room through a DCS display system.
The DCS system makes a response and transmits the response to the variable frequency microcomputer controller, and the variable frequency control is carried out on the gas injection of the spray gun according to the distribution rules of the flow field and the temperature field in the spray gun provided by the hearth thermal process numerical simulation platform, and the variable frequency control is mainly realized through a swirler 4 embedded in the mixed bottom blowing spray gun.
The optimal operation parameters under the concentrate composition condition are given through the combination of the simulation calculation of a simulation platform and a linear mathematical model carried by DCS. In the actual production operation process, under the optimized control of the flow of the spray gun, the flow resistance of the mixed bottom-blowing spray gun is reduced by 23 percent compared with the original multi-pore spray gun. Meanwhile, the gas flow velocity of the outlet section of the mixed bottom-blowing spray gun is infinitely close to the gas sound velocity of the outlet section, and the gas of the outlet section of the spray gun is higher than the residual pressure of the environmental pressure, so that the gas can penetrate into a molten pool for a certain distance and the stirring effect is enhanced. On the premise of ensuring the enhanced heat exchange and forming a controlled mushroom head protection spray gun, the average air supply rate of the spray gun is reduced from the original 12m3/s to 10.5m3/s, the oxygen-rich content is increased from 42% to 65%, the self-heating reaction of the concentrate is fully excited, and the energy consumption of unit products is greatly reduced. In conclusion, the average service life of the spray gun is prolonged to 180 days/branch, the operation rate and the load rate are improved by 5.58 percent and 1.28 percent, and simultaneously, the coal consumption and the energy consumption are reduced by 76.33 percent and 45.26 percent.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the simulation platform adopts the following specific scheme:
equation of continuity
In the VOF model, tracking of the phase interface is realized by solving a continuity equation of one-phase or multi-phase volume fraction, and the gas-liquid volume fraction continuity equations are respectively shown as follows.
In the formula:
-mass transport of gas phase to liquid phase per unit volume of time, kg/(m3 · s);
αq-gas phase volume fraction; sαq-a gas phase source item; alpha is alphay-liquid phase volume fraction;
Sαy-a liquid phase source item; u shapeq-gas phase velocity, m/s; u shapey-liquid phase velocity, m/s;
ρq-gas phase density, kg/m 3; rhoyDensity of the liquid phase, kg/m 3. Rho-fluid density, kg/m 3; p-pressure, Pa; v-fluid velocity, m/s;
f-volumetric force acting on the control volume, N; mu-dynamic viscosity, Pa · s.
Equation of conservation of momentum
The VOF model is a surface tracking method under a fixed Euler grid, two or three immiscible fluids are simulated by solving separate momentum equations and processing the volume fraction of each fluid passing through a region, the velocity field in the VOF model can be obtained by solving a single momentum equation in the whole calculation region, and the velocity field is shared by each phase as a calculation result, the momentum equation is shown as formula (4).
Rho-fluid density, kg/m 3; p-pressure, Pa; v-fluid velocity, m/s;
f-volumetric force acting on the control volume, N; mu-dynamic viscosity, Pa · s.
Energy conservation equation
(5) The first three terms in the formula represent energy transport due to heat conduction, component diffusion and viscous dissipation, respectively, Sh is the reaction heat and volume heat source terms, Eq is calculated from the specific heat capacity of the qth phase and the shared temperature T, and keff represents effective heat conduction.
Turbulence model
Turbulent kinetic energy k equation:
turbulent kinetic energy dissipation ratio epsilon equation:
the correlation constants in the RNG k-epsilon equation are given by theoretical analysis:
Cu＝0.0845，
Cε2＝1.68，
Cε1＝1.42，σk＝0.7194，σε＝0.7194，μeff＝μ+μt，
β＝0.012,
in the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A smelting furnace smelting method based on a bottom blowing oxygen lance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: designing a new smelting furnace or establishing a numerical simulation platform of the hearth thermal process of the oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace according to the furnace type design parameters of the smelting furnace;
step two: establishing a kinetic-thermodynamic transient morphology of the smelting furnace according to a real-time smelting process through the oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace hearth thermal process numerical simulation platform;
step three: transmitting and displaying the dynamics-thermodynamics transient morphology in a DCS (distributed control system), and carrying out frequency conversion control on a frequency conversion microcomputer controller by the DCS according to a real-time smelting process to realize enhanced heat transfer on the smelting furnace;
step four: the DCS controls the frequency of the oxygen enrichment of the bottom blowing oxygen spray gun through the frequency conversion microcomputer controller.
2. The smelting furnace smelting method based on the bottom blowing oxygen lance of claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step one, the new smelting furnace is designed according to design parameters and installation site size conditions, and the furnace shape size of the smelting furnace, the caliber of the bottom-blowing oxygen lance, the distance between adjacent bottom-blowing spray guns and the inclination angle of a flue are calculated by a numerical simulation platform of the thermal process of the hearth of the oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace.
3. The smelting furnace smelting method based on the bottom blowing oxygen lance of claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the numerical simulation platform of the hearth thermal process of the oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace obtains a hydromechanics heat and mass transfer control equation set through an RNG kappa-epsilon turbulence diffusion model, a VOF multiphase flow model, an enhanced wall function model and a P1 radiation model, and solves the equation set through CFD software;
and calculating the kinetic-thermodynamic transient morphology in the smelting furnace molten pool with violent stirring by adopting a pressure implicit splitting operator to couple a pressure-velocity field.
4. The smelting furnace smelting method based on a bottom blowing oxygen lance according to claim 3, characterized in that: the pressure discrete format of the pressure implicit splitting operator coupling pressure-velocity field adopts PRESTO! A format; the dynamic discrete format is realized by a second-order windward format and is used for ensuring transient geometric reconstruction of volume fraction.
5. The smelting furnace smelting method based on the bottom blowing oxygen lance of claim 1, characterized in that: the second step also comprises the step of establishing a dynamic database according to the parameters of the smelting process in the smelting furnace; the dynamic database is used for carrying out real-time iterative comparison and intelligent correction on parameters obtained by the oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool smelting furnace hearth thermal process numerical simulation platform and transmitting the corrected dynamics-thermodynamics transient morphology to the DCS.
6. The smelting furnace smelting method based on a bottom blowing oxygen lance of claim 5, characterized in that: the dynamic database is established based on operating parameters including, but not limited to, air quantity, oxygen quantity, feeding speed, oxygen-enriched concentration during operation in the smelting furnace, and basic change rules of molten pool liquid level position and molten pool fluctuation of each smelting stage.
7. The smelting furnace smelting method based on the bottom blowing oxygen lance of claim 1, characterized in that: the real-time smelting process is determined by the technological environment required by different smelting stages of the smelting furnace, the position changes of the liquid level of the molten pool and the metal matte layer and the fluctuation of the oxygen content of the technological air.
8. The smelting furnace smelting method based on the bottom blowing oxygen lance of claim 1, characterized in that: the oxygen blowing spray gun comprises a gun body and a spray head (1) connected with the gun body through a flange; a core body (2) is arranged in the spray head (1); the core body (2) is of a three-layer concentric circle structure; a swirler (4) is fixedly arranged on the central layer (3) of the core body (1); the width of the fan blade of the cyclone (4) is matched with the inner wall of the spray head (1); the swirler (4) is electrically connected with the variable-frequency microcomputer controller; an oxygen-enriched pore channel (6) is formed in the edge layer (5) of the core body (2); a protective air duct (8) is formed in the secondary edge layer (7) of the core body (2); the oxygen-enriched pore canal (6) and the protective gas pore canal (8) are fan-shaped pore canals which are arranged at equal intervals.
9. The smelting furnace smelting method based on a bottom blowing oxygen lance of claim 8, characterized in that: the gas in the protective gas pore passage (8) is nitrogen.
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