CN113339419A

CN113339419A - Elastic jaw clutch

Info

Publication number: CN113339419A
Application number: CN202110632593.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马彪; 王赫; 于亮; 陈漫; 杜秋
Original assignee: Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
Current assignee: Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
Priority date: 2021-06-07
Filing date: 2021-06-07
Publication date: 2021-09-03
Anticipated expiration: 2041-06-07
Also published as: CN113339419B

Abstract

The invention discloses an elastic jaw clutch, which comprises a driving half clutch with teeth on the end surface, a driven half clutch, movable teeth, a movable disc and a spring, wherein the movable teeth are arranged on the end surface of the driving half clutch; the movable teeth and the movable disc are respectively arranged on two sides of the end surface of the driven half clutch, the movable teeth and the movable disc are fixedly connected, and the movable teeth and the movable disc simultaneously rotate along the circumferential direction of the annular groove on the end surface of the driven half clutch and are limited by the baffle on the driven half clutch; the movable disc is provided with spring baffles which are distributed on two sides of the baffle, one baffle corresponds to two spring baffles, and the springs are arranged between the baffles; the movable teeth on the driven half clutch are matched with the end face teeth of the driving half clutch. The invention can improve the problem of larger impact generated in the working process of the existing jaw clutch, is beneficial to improving the joint rotating speed, and can be competent for the power cutting and transmission tasks of heavy-duty machinery.

Description

Elastic jaw clutch

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical vehicle transmission, in particular to an elastic jaw clutch.

Background

The jaw clutch is used as a common component of mechanical transmission, can complete the tasks of power cut-off and transmission under the condition that a driving end and a driven end have speed difference, and is widely applied to vehicles and engineering machinery, such as a main clutch of low-power low-rotation-speed machinery, a sleeve clutch in a cross-country vehicle differential synchronous locking structure, a speed change operating element in a planetary gearbox and the like. The jaw clutch has large impact in the engagement process, requires low difference of rotation speed of two sides (generally not more than 50r/min), has the possibility of engagement failure, and can be used as a mechanical device transmission part with low power due to the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, small occupied space, large and accurate transmission torque.

The jaw clutch is mainly composed of two half clutches with teeth on the end faces, the half clutch at one end is fixed on the driving shaft, and the half clutch at the other end is connected with the driven shaft through a guide flat key (or a spline). The torque is transmitted between the end faces of the two half clutches through tooth surface contact, the driven end is generally operated to move axially to realize the engagement and the disengagement of the clutches, and the engagement and the disengagement can be completed through manual levers, hydraulic pressure, pneumatics or electromagnetic force and the like.

The jaw clutch used in the prior art generates great impact between teeth on two end surfaces during engagement, so that tooth surfaces are easy to wear and even tooth roots break off, and the engagement can be completed only under the conditions of small relative speed difference and low transmission torque, thereby restricting the application range of the jaw clutch. Meanwhile, vibration and impact generated in the jointing process also cause the reliability of the mechanical transmission structure to be low, and influence the use experience of an operator.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides an elastic dog clutch, which can improve the problem of large impact generated during the operation of the existing dog clutch, and is helpful to increase the engagement rotation speed, and can perform the power cut-off and transmission tasks of heavy-duty machinery.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

an elastic jaw clutch comprises a driving half clutch with teeth on the end surface, a driven half clutch, movable teeth, a movable disc and a spring;

the movable teeth and the movable disc are respectively arranged on two sides of the end surface of the driven half clutch, the movable teeth and the movable disc are fixedly connected, and the movable teeth and the movable disc simultaneously rotate along the circumferential direction of the annular groove on the end surface of the driven half clutch and are limited by the baffle on the driven half clutch; the movable disc is provided with spring baffles which are distributed on two sides of the baffle, one baffle corresponds to two spring baffles, and the springs are arranged between the baffles; the movable teeth on the driven half clutch are matched with the end face teeth of the driving half clutch.

Furthermore, the passive half clutch comprises a passive half clutch body and a passive half clutch sleeve, and the passive half clutch sleeve is sleeved outside the passive half clutch body and is fixedly connected with the passive half clutch body; the end part of the driven half clutch sleeve is in an end cover shape, and a protruding annular groove is formed in the bottom surface of the inner part of the end cover and used for providing an installation space for the spring and positioning the spring; limiting grooves with the same number as the baffles are formed in the protruding ring grooves, and the limiting grooves are matched with the baffles.

Further, the baffle is disposed within the driven half clutch sleeve end cap.

Furthermore, the passive half clutch body is a composite body of a rotating shaft and a disc structure, the butt joint end face of the disc structure is used for installing movable teeth, and the baffle is arranged on the back face of the disc structure; the annular groove is arranged on the disc structure.

Further, the movable teeth are trapezoidal teeth.

Further, the movable disc is an integral movable disc.

Furthermore, the movable plates are distributed movable plates and are of independent fan-shaped structures, and the number of the movable plates is consistent with that of the movable teeth.

Furthermore, eight movable teeth are adopted, and sixteen springs are adopted.

Furthermore, the jaw clutch further comprises a slip ring which is fixed on the driven half clutch and used for driving the driven half clutch to move axially towards the driving half clutch.

Furthermore, the driving half clutch and the driven half clutch are provided with internal splines which are respectively used for being matched with the driving shaft and the driven shaft.

Has the advantages that:

1. the invention relates to a passive half clutch, which is characterized in that trapezoidal teeth on the passive half clutch are movable teeth and can rotate along the end surface of the passive half clutch, and springs are added between a movable disc and a baffle plate on the passive half clutch, so that the rigid collision of the end surface teeth of the active and passive half clutches is converted into elastic contact during the engagement, meanwhile, the connection pretightening force between the movable disc and the movable teeth ensures that a certain friction torque is generated between the movable disc and the passive half clutch during the rotation, and the torsional torque generated by the springs and the friction torque generated by the spiral pretightening force act together, so that on one hand, the speed difference of the active end and the passive end can be reduced, the synchronous effect can be gradually achieved, and the effective buffer effect can be achieved during the contact collision of the end surface teeth of the active end and the passive end, and part of collision energy can be absorbed, therefore, the invention can: firstly, reducing the impact torque of the jaw clutch in the engaging process and reducing the problem of nonuniform contact pressure caused by processing errors; larger speed difference of the driving end and the driven end is allowed during the engagement, larger torque can be transmitted, and the power density of the transmission device is improved; and the fault rate of broken teeth can be reduced, and the working reliability and stability of the transmission system and the use experience of an operator are improved.

2. The movable gear adopts the trapezoidal gear, the trapezoidal gear has high strength compared with other tooth-shaped structures, larger torque can be transmitted, and the gap can be automatically compensated after the gear surface is abraded.

3. The movable disc adopts an integral movable disc which is fixedly connected with all movable teeth, so that the installation is convenient, all the movable teeth move integrally, all the movable teeth can return to the same initial position after separation, and the phenomenon of uneven distribution of the movable teeth after return due to uneven bolt pretightening force is avoided.

4. The movable disc adopts a distributed movable disc which is relatively independent, so that the movement of the movable teeth connected with the distributed movable disc is relatively independent. The adoption of the distributed movable disc is helpful to eliminate errors of the movable teeth in the machining process, and can ensure that all the movable teeth are in contact with the end face teeth on the driving half clutch in the engagement process, so that the stress distribution of all the teeth in the transmission process is more uniform.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the elastic dog clutch of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the engagement of the passive half clutch body with the moving teeth.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the passive half clutch body.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a passive half clutch sleeve construction.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the movable member fitting structure.

Fig. 7(a) and 7(b) are schematic structural diagrams of the integrated active disk and the distributed active disk, respectively.

Wherein, 1-driving half clutch, 2-driving shaft, 3-trapezoidal movable teeth, 4-driven half clutch sleeve, 5-driven half clutch body, 6-driven shaft, 7-slip ring, 8-helical spring, 9-movable disk, 10-baffle, 11-spring baffle.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention provides an elastic jaw clutch, which is mainly divided into an active part, a passive part and a movable part as shown in figure 1.

As shown in fig. 2, the driving component is a driving half clutch 1, which is matched with a driving shaft 2; the passive component comprises a passive half clutch body 5, a passive half clutch sleeve 4 and a slip ring 7, wherein the passive half clutch body 5 is matched with a passive shaft 6; the movable part comprises a movable tooth, a movable disk 9 and a spring. The driving half clutch 1 and the driven half clutch are provided with internal splines which are respectively used for being matched with the driving shaft 2 and the driven shaft 6, and the driving shaft 2 and the driven shaft 6 are both provided with external splines. After power is input into the driving shaft 2, the power passes through the driving half clutch 1 and the driven half clutch, and is finally output from the driven shaft 6.

The driving half clutch 1 is a driving half clutch 1 with toothed end faces, in the embodiment, the end face teeth of the driving half clutch 1 are trapezoidal end face teeth, and triangular teeth, rectangular teeth, sawtooth teeth and the like can also be adopted, but generally the trapezoidal teeth have the best effect.

The passive half clutch comprises a passive half clutch body 5 and a passive half clutch sleeve 4, as shown in fig. 4, the passive half clutch body 5 is a complex of a rotating shaft and a disc structure, the butt joint end face of the disc structure is used for installing movable teeth, and a baffle 10 is arranged on the back of the disc structure; the disc structure is provided with an annular groove. Eight threaded holes are processed on the outer circumference of the rotating shaft, eight through holes are processed on the driven half clutch sleeve 4, the driven half clutch sleeve 4 is sleeved outside the driven half clutch body 5, and the driven half clutch sleeve 4 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the driven half clutch body 5 by adopting threaded connection.

As shown in fig. 5, the end of the passive half clutch sleeve 4 is in the shape of an end cover for packaging the back of the disc structure, a protruding ring groove is formed in the bottom surface of the end cover for providing an installation space for the spring and positioning the spring to prevent the spring from sliding out or falling off, limiting grooves with the same number as the baffles 10 are formed in the protruding ring groove, and the limiting grooves are matched with the baffles 10 and can increase the structural strength of the baffles 10 when being matched with the baffles 10. The limit groove is matched with the baffle 10, and the driven half clutch sleeve 4 is connected with the screw of the driven half clutch body 5, so that the driven half clutch sleeve 4 and the driven half clutch body 5 are completely fixed. The rotating shaft of the driven half clutch body 5 is also provided with a mounting groove, and a slip ring 7 is fixed on the mounting groove and is used for driving the driven half clutch to axially move towards the driving half clutch 1, so that trapezoidal end face teeth of the driving end are matched with movable teeth of the driven end and transmit torque.

In another embodiment, the baffle 10 may also be disposed inside the end cap of the passive half clutch sleeve 4.

In this embodiment, the movable teeth adopt eight trapezoidal movable teeth 3 for matching with the end face teeth of the active half clutch 1, and considering the installation space of the springs, too many teeth are generally not suitable to be adopted, and the movable teeth adopt eight movable teeth and sixteen springs as the preferred number. The driving half clutch 1 adopts eight trapezoidal end face teeth, and the number of the teeth corresponds to that of the movable teeth. As shown in fig. 3 and 6, the trapezoidal movable teeth 3 and the movable disc 9 are respectively arranged at two sides of the disc structure of the passive half clutch body 5, countersunk holes are processed on the trapezoidal movable teeth 3, through holes with the same number as the trapezoidal movable teeth 3 are processed on the movable disc 9, and countersunk slotted bolts of M8 specification penetrate through the annular grooves of the disc structures of the trapezoidal movable teeth 3 and the passive half clutch body 5 and are matched with the movable disc 9 to fixedly connect the trapezoidal movable teeth 3 and the movable disc 9 together. Eight slots are formed in the movable plate 9 for passing the stop 10 of the driven half-clutch body 5, so that the stop 10 does not interfere with the rotational movement of the movable plate 9. The movable disc 9 is provided with spring baffles 11, after the movable disc 9 is arranged on the driven half clutch body 5, the spring baffles 11 are distributed at two sides of the baffle 10, one baffle 10 corresponds to two spring baffles 11, and the number of the spring baffles 11 is twice of the number of the trapezoidal movable teeth 3, namely twice of the number of the baffles 10. The spring is arranged between the baffle 10 and the spring baffle 11. The two ends of the spring are respectively contacted with a spring baffle 11 on the movable disc 9 and a baffle 10 on the driven half clutch body 5. When the movable teeth and the movable disc 9 rotate along the circumferential direction of the annular groove on the driven half clutch disc structure at the same time, the spring is compressed, if the load of the driven end is larger, the spring is completely compressed, the spring baffle plate 11 is limited by the baffle plate 10 on the driven half clutch, the driven half clutch is driven to rotate, and therefore power is transmitted. In this embodiment, the spring is a coil spring 8.

As shown in fig. 7(a) and 7(b), the movable disk 9 has two forms, namely an integral movable disk and a distributed movable disk, the integral movable disk is an integral disk structure, and the distributed movable disk is composed of eight independent fan-shaped structures, and the number of the fan-shaped structures is consistent with the number of the movable teeth. Both integral and distributed, have through holes associated with the trapezoidal mobile teeth 3 and spring shutters 11. The integral movable disc is fixedly connected with all the trapezoidal movable teeth 3, so that the movement forms of all the trapezoidal movable teeth 3 are completely uniform. And the distributed movable disks are relatively independent, so the movement of the eight trapezoidal movable teeth 3 is relatively independent. Adopt the distributed movable plate to help eliminating the error that trapezoidal movable tooth 3 appears in the course of working, can guarantee that all trapezoidal movable teeth 3 all contact with the trapezoidal terminal surface tooth on the half clutch 1 of initiative in the joint process for each tooth stress distribution in the transmission process is more even, but the installation positioning process is more complicated compared in integral movable plate, consequently can select suitable movable plate type according to the in-service use demand.

The working principle is as follows: when the clutch is engaged, the slip ring 7 is operated to axially move the driven half clutch to lean against the driving half clutch 1, the trapezoidal movable teeth 3 on the driven half clutch body 5 are contacted with the trapezoidal end face teeth on the driving half clutch 1, and at the moment, the power of the driving end is transmitted to the trapezoidal movable teeth 3 through the trapezoidal end face teeth on the driving half clutch 1 to drive the trapezoidal movable teeth 3 to rotate. The trapezoidal movable teeth 3 rotate together with the fixed movable disk 9 and compress the spiral spring 8, and because the load exists on the driven end, when the compression amount of the spiral spring 8 reaches the maximum, the baffle 10 on the driven half clutch body 5 is pushed, and finally the driven half clutch body 5 rotates, so that the transmission of power from the driving end to the driven end is realized.

In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An elastic jaw clutch is characterized by comprising an active half clutch with teeth on the end surface, a passive half clutch, movable teeth, a movable disc and a spring;

2. The elastic jaw clutch according to claim 1, wherein the passive half clutch includes a passive half clutch body and a passive half clutch cover, the passive half clutch cover is fitted outside the passive half clutch body and fixedly connected to the passive half clutch body; the end part of the driven half clutch sleeve is in an end cover shape, and a protruding annular groove is formed in the bottom surface of the inner part of the end cover and used for providing an installation space for the spring and positioning the spring; limiting grooves with the same number as the baffles are formed in the protruding ring grooves, and the limiting grooves are matched with the baffles.

3. The elastomeric dog clutch of claim 2, wherein the baffle is disposed inside the passive half clutch sleeve end cap.

4. The elastic jaw clutch according to claim 2, wherein the passive half clutch body is a composite of a rotating shaft and a disk structure, the butt end face of the disk structure is used for installing movable teeth, and the baffle is arranged on the back face of the disk structure; the annular groove is arranged on the disc structure.

5. The elastic jaw clutch of any one of claims 1-4, wherein said movable teeth are trapezoidal teeth.

6. The resilient dog clutch of any of claims 1-4, wherein the movable plate is a unitary movable plate.

7. The elastic jaw clutch according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said movable disk is a distributed movable disk having a fan-shaped structure independent of the number of movable teeth.

8. The elastic jaw clutch according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein eight moving teeth are used and sixteen springs are used.

9. The flexible jaw clutch of any one of claims 1-4, further comprising a slip ring secured to the passive half-clutch for moving the passive half-clutch axially toward the active half-clutch.

10. The elastic jaw clutch according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the driving half clutch and the driven half clutch are formed with internal splines for engagement with the driving shaft and the driven shaft, respectively.