CN113337913B - Foamed microporous thermal insulation fiber, production method thereof and application thereof in clothing textiles - Google Patents
Foamed microporous thermal insulation fiber, production method thereof and application thereof in clothing textiles Download PDFInfo
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- CN113337913B CN113337913B CN202110677568.7A CN202110677568A CN113337913B CN 113337913 B CN113337913 B CN 113337913B CN 202110677568 A CN202110677568 A CN 202110677568A CN 113337913 B CN113337913 B CN 113337913B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/92—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyesters
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of garment materials, and provides a foaming microporous thermal fiber, a production method thereof and application thereof in clothing textiles. The foamed microporous thermal insulation fiber is mainly formed by melt spinning, and a certain amount of foamed microspheres are added in the spinning process for foaming, so that a plurality of uniform closed micropores are generated in the fiber, more static air is reserved, and the thermal insulation property is improved. The micropores of the fiber are not easy to be flattened, have small influence on the strength of the fiber, have good comprehensive performance and are beneficial to application in clothing textiles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garment materials, and particularly relates to a foaming microporous thermal fiber, a production method thereof and application thereof in clothing textiles.
Background
The heat conductivity coefficient of the static dry air is 0.026W/m ℃, which is far lower than that of the common textile fiber, and the static dry air is the best heat insulation medium, and the air retention in the textile material and the fabric is the main factor for determining the heat insulation effect of various material products. The more fluffy the clothes or quilt filler can furthest store air in the space of the filler, so that the air flow is relatively slowed down, the better the heat preservation effect is, cold air at the outer side and hot air at the inner side are not exchanged, and the function of keeping warm is achieved. The down feather has good warm-keeping effect, and because the down feather is fluffy enough and has a hollow structure inside, the down feather can keep air to the utmost extent so as to prevent convection.
Among many textile fiber materials, polyester fiber is a common chemical fiber fabric fiber, which is a synthetic fiber obtained by spinning polyester obtained by polycondensation of organic dibasic acid and dihydric alcohol, and is commonly called as "terylene". The common polyester fiber has the advantages of high breaking strength and elastic modulus, good rebound resilience, excellent heat setting performance and the like, and meanwhile, the polyester fiber is low in price, so that the polyester fiber is widely applied to the clothing industry. However, the thermal conductivity of the polyester fiber is 0.084W/m ℃, is more than 3 times of that of static air, and the heat retention is poor, so that the domestic polyester fabric is also called as 'true cool'.
At present, the main methods for using terylene as textile warm-keeping filler or fabric include the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, using superfine polyester fibers, and secondly, performing elastic crimping on the fibers to improve the bulkiness of the fibers; in addition, hollow fibers are used, and four-hole cotton, seven-hole cotton and the like are common. These several ways are to increase the air content between the fibers, reduce the air flow, and improve the warmth retention, which can improve warmth retention to some extent but also have many problems. In the two modes, the air between the fibers is not completely static, more air convection still occurs, and the heat retention property needs to be further improved; and the hollow fiber is used, the hollow structure of the fiber can be flattened in the subsequent processes of weaving, dyeing and finishing and the like, and part of the hollow structure can be filled with dye, so that the hollow degree of an actual finished product is not high, and the heat retention is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a foamed microporous thermal insulation fiber, a production method thereof and application thereof in clothing textiles.
The invention provides a production method of foaming microporous thermal fibers, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the polyester chips with 0.5-1.0wt% of foamable microsphere raw materials, melting into a melt, and then carrying out microsphere foaming in the spinning process to generate a plurality of closed micropores in the fiber, thereby obtaining the foamed microporous thermal fiber.
In the embodiment of the invention, the raw material of the expandable microspheres is polystyrene high-temperature expandable microspheres with the particle size of 30-80 nm.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for producing the foamed microporous thermal fibers specifically includes:
mixing the dried terylene slices with 0.5-1.0wt% of foamable microsphere raw material, melting into melt by a screw machine, filtering, spinning, and foaming the microspheres in the spinning process to form closed micropores to obtain nascent fiber;
and cooling, oiling and drafting the nascent fiber in sequence to obtain the foamed microporous thermal fiber.
In the embodiment of the invention, the spinning temperature is 250-270 ℃.
In the embodiment of the invention, the cooling oiling adopts a ring blowing air cooling mode, and the temperature is 18-19 ℃.
In the embodiment of the invention, the speed of the drafting and shaping is 2000-3200 m/min, and the temperature is 85-125 ℃.
In the embodiment of the invention, the process of winding or cutting is further included after the drafting and the shaping, so that the foamed microporous thermal fibers with different length specifications are obtained.
The invention provides a foaming microporous thermal insulation fiber which is prepared by the production method.
The invention provides application of the foaming microporous thermal fibers in a textile for clothing, wherein the textile for clothing is yarn, fabric or a finished product of clothing.
In the embodiment of the invention, the gram weight of the foamed microporous thermal insulation fiber is 70-260g/m 2 The pure spinning fabric.
The foaming microporous thermal insulation fiber is mainly formed by melt spinning, and a certain amount of foaming microspheres are added in the polyester spinning process for foaming, so that a plurality of closed micropores are generated in the fiber, the foaming micropores are of a closed pore structure and are relatively uniform in the fiber, more static air can be reserved, the air in the micropores does not flow, and the thermal insulation property is obviously improved. Meanwhile, micropores of the fibers are not easy to flatten, the influence on the strength of the fibers is small, and the composite fiber has good comprehensive performance and is beneficial to application in textiles such as fillers and fabrics.
In addition, the production method has the advantages of relatively simple process, good stability and high safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram illustrating the preparation of a foamed microcellular fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an optical micrograph of a microcellular fiber prepared in example 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an optical micrograph of a microcellular fiber prepared in example 2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional photograph of a yarn of a general hollow fiber finished fabric;
fig. 5 is a longitudinal photo of the yarn of the common hollow fiber finished fabric.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a production method of foaming microporous thermal fibers, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the polyester chips with 0.5-1.0wt% of foamable microsphere raw materials, melting into a melt, and then carrying out microsphere foaming in the spinning process to generate a plurality of closed micropores in the fiber, thereby obtaining the foamed microporous thermal fiber.
The fiber prepared by the invention has closed micropores inside, air in the micropores does not flow, and the fiber is used for textile fillers, fabrics and the like, has better heat retention property and good comprehensive performance.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a process flow diagram for preparing a foamed microporous fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of the invention firstly weighs the raw materials of the low-temperature polyester chip and the foamable microsphere according to the weight formula, and removes the moisture through drying. According to the embodiment of the invention, commercially available polyester chips are used as main raw materials, the polyester chips are preferably used as the raw materials for low-temperature spinning (which can be called as low-temperature polyester chips), the spinning temperature is 250-270 ℃, and the production of microporous fibers is facilitated. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the low temperature polyester chips are from Qingdao New dimension textile research institute, melting point: 250 ℃ and 260 ℃, relative molecular weight: 16000-: 0.68-0.70 (where viscosity is the viscosity index, no units, there is a standard at the time of viscosity measurement, which is the ratio of the viscosity of the standard). The traditional polyester chip is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) prepared by the polycondensation of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, the relative molecular weight is 18000-25000, and the spinning temperature is 270-290 ℃.
In the invention, the expandable microspheres are thermal expansion microspheres which are tiny spherical plastic particles and consist of a polymer shell and gas wrapped in the polymer shell, when the polymer shell is heated to a certain temperature, the thermoplastic shell is softened, and the gas in the shell expands. The invention preferably adopts polystyrene high-temperature expandable microspheres, the shell material of the high-temperature expandable microspheres is mainly modified polystyrene, the shell is wrapped by nitrogen and can be expanded at the higher temperature of 250-260 ℃, most of the microspheres are oval, and the particle size of the microspheres is preferably 30-80nm in terms of round particles. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the sources of the modified polystyrene high-temperature foaming microspheres are as follows: aksunobel coatings ltd, particle size: 30-80nm, foaming temperature: 240-270 ℃.
Mixing the dried terylene slices with 0.5-1.0wt% of a foamable microsphere raw material, performing melt extrusion by a screw machine, preferably filtering, feeding into a spinning box through a metering pump, spinning through a spinning pack, and foaming the microspheres to form closed micropores in the process to obtain nascent fibers; and cooling, oiling, drafting, shaping and winding the nascent fiber in sequence to obtain the foamed microporous thermal fiber filament. Alternatively, the foamed microcellular fiber filaments may be cut into staple fibers of a desired gauge.
In the invention, 0.5-1.0% of expandable microsphere raw material is added in the polyester melt spinning process, so that micropores formed by the expansion of the obtained microporous fiber are in the fiber, and the cells are relatively uniform and have a closed cell structure. In the embodiment of the present invention, the screw machine, the spinneret assembly, and the like are all melt spinning apparatuses commonly used in the field, and are not particularly limited. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the spinning temperature is 250-270 ℃, preferably 260-270 ℃; the production process of the embodiment of the invention is simple, safe and good in stability.
The processes of cooling, oiling, drafting, shaping, winding and the like in the embodiment of the invention are all well-known operations in the field; the cooling oiling can adopt a cooling mode of circular blowing air cooling, and the temperature is 18-19 ℃. The drafting and shaping preferably comprises two-stage drafting, the speed of a first drafting roller is 2000-2300 m/min, the temperature is 85-95 ℃, and the drafting multiple of the first stage can be 2.5; the speed of the second drawing roller is 3000-3200 m/min, the temperature is 110-. In addition, the winding speed in some embodiments may be 3150 and 3350 m/min.
The invention provides a foaming microporous thermal fiber which is prepared by the production method. The foaming micropore thermal insulation fiber is internally provided with a plurality of closed micropores, namely, the micropores are of closed pore structures, are fine and are distributed relatively uniformly, more still air can be reserved, the air in the micropores does not flow, and the thermal insulation property is obviously improved. Meanwhile, micropores of the fiber are not easy to flatten, the influence on the strength of the fiber is small, and the fiber has good comprehensive performance. In the embodiment of the application, according to the national standard test, the breaking strength of the microporous fiber is more than or equal to 3.5 cN/dtex; the boiling water shrinkage is less than or equal to 2.0 +/-0.8 percent. Generally, the greater the breaking strength, the better, 3.5cN/dtex is the lowest value of the examples of this application; the smaller the boiling water shrinkage, the better, 2.0. + -. 0.8% is an acceptable maximum.
The invention also provides application of the foamed microporous thermal fibers in clothing textiles, wherein the clothing textiles can be yarns, fabrics or finished clothing products, and can also be textile fillers and the like.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the foamed microcellular thermal fibers may be woven into a facing material, for example, having a grammage of 70-260g/m 2 The pure spinning fabric of (1); furthermore, the fabric can be made into textiles such as clothes. The embodiment of the invention has no special limitation on the structure and the specification of the yarn and the fabric; the yarn can be DTY (draw textured yarn), FDY (fully drawn yarn) and the like, and the fabric can be knitted or woven, for example, the fabric can be made of Chunzhan, polar fleece and the like, and the fabric can be woven according to the conventional process. ChunyaThe most common varieties of the spun fabrics comprise semi-stretch pongee, full-stretch pongee, extinction pongee and the like, the warp threads of some semi-stretch pongee fabrics in the market are made of terylene FDY60D/24F serving as a raw material, plain weave is selected to be interwoven on a water jet loom, and the grey fabrics are processed by processes of softening, reducing, dyeing, sizing and the like. For example, warp and weft of the full-elastic fabric are interwoven by adopting polyester DTY75D/72F (interlaced yarn), and the fabric is woven by adopting flat (1/2 twill and 1/3 twill) textures; the warp and weft of the extinction type fabric adopt terylene extinction DTY75D/72F or 50D/72F (interlaced yarn). The polar fleece is a fabric woven by a circular knitting machine, the woven grey fabric is dyed, and then is processed by various complex processes of napping, carding, shearing, polar fleece shaking and the like, the napping on the front side of the fabric is dense, and the napping on the back side is sparse.
For further understanding of the present application, the following will specifically describe the foamed microcellular thermal fibers provided by the present invention, the preparation method thereof and the application thereof in the clothing textiles with reference to the examples.
In the following examples, low temperature polyester chips were obtained from Qingdao Xinwei textile research institute, melting point: 250-260 ℃, relative molecular weight: 16000-: 0.68-0.70; sources of the modified polystyrene high-temperature foaming microspheres are as follows: aksunobel coatings ltd, particle size: 30-80nm, foaming temperature: 240-270 ℃.
Example 1
The preparation steps of the foaming microporous fiber are as follows:
1) weighing low-temperature polyester chips according to the weight formula, and drying;
2) weighing 0.8% polystyrene high-temperature foamable microsphere, and drying at low temperature;
3) mixing the dried terylene slices with polystyrene high-temperature foamable microspheres, melting by a screw machine (the melting temperature is 250-;
4) and cooling and oiling the nascent fiber, drafting and shaping, and winding to obtain the foamed microporous thermal fiber.
Wherein the cooling temperature of the circular air blowing is 18-19 ℃, the speed of the first drawing roller is 2000-2300 m/min, the temperature is 85-95 ℃, the speed of the second drawing roller is 3000-3200 m/min, the temperature is 110-125 ℃, and the winding speed is 3150-3350 m/min.
The specification of the prepared microporous fiber is as follows: 50D/36F; breaking strength: 3.5-4.0 cN/dtex; elongation at break 25.0 +/-4.0%; the boiling water shrinkage is less than or equal to 2.0 +/-0.8 percent.
Fig. 2 is a picture of an olympus optical microscope (with a magnification of 500 times), from which it can be seen that the surface of the sample has micropores, which are discontinuous and not easy to be flattened.
Example 2
The preparation steps of the foaming microporous fiber are as follows:
1) weighing low-temperature polyester chips according to the weight formula, and drying;
2) weighing 0.6% polystyrene high-temperature foamable microsphere, and drying at low temperature;
3) mixing the dried terylene slices with polystyrene high-temperature foamable microspheres, melting at 260 ℃ through a screw machine, filtering, entering a spinning box through a metering pump, spinning through a spinning assembly at 270 ℃ at 260 ℃ to obtain nascent fibers;
4) and cooling and oiling the nascent fiber, drafting and shaping, and winding to obtain the foamed microporous thermal fiber.
Wherein the cooling temperature of circular air blowing is 18-19 ℃, the speed of a first drawing roller is 2100-2300 m/min, the temperature is 90-95 ℃, and the drawing multiple is 2.4; the speed of the second drawing roller is 2800-3000 m/min, the temperature is 105-115 ℃, the drawing multiple is 2.8, and the winding speed is 3150-3350 m/min.
The specification of the prepared microporous fiber is 75D/72F; breaking strength: 3.8-4.5 cN/dtex; elongation at break of 20.0 +/-4.0%; the boiling water shrinkage is less than or equal to 2.0 +/-0.8%.
Fig. 3 is a picture of an olympus optical microscope (with 500-fold magnification), from which it can be seen that the surface of the sample has micropores, which are discontinuous and not easy to be flattened.
Fig. 4 and 5 are cross-sectional and longitudinal photographs of a yarn of a finished product of a common hollow fiber fabric, wherein the common hollow fiber fabric is through, flattened after processes such as weaving, dyeing and finishing and the like, and has no hollowness.
Example 3
The name of the fabric is as follows: performing spring spinning;
gram weight: 70g/m 2 ；
The components: 100% foamed microcellular polyester (prepared in example 1);
yarn specification: 50D/36F, and weaving according to a conventional process.
The fabric of the embodiment has the following heat preservation performance:
table 1 thermal insulation performance of the fabric of this example
Example 4
The name of the fabric is as follows: shaking grain velvet;
gram weight: 260g/m 2 ；
The components: 100% foamed microcellular polyester (prepared in example 1);
yarn specification: 50D/36F, and weaving according to a conventional process.
The fabric of the embodiment has the following heat preservation performance:
table 2 thermal insulation performance of the fabric of this example
Example 5
Name of filling cotton: the hot-finished lint-proof cotton;
gram weight: 800g/m 2 ；
The components: 100% foamed microcellular polyester (prepared in example 2).
The thermal insulation performance of the textile in the embodiment is as follows:
TABLE 3 warmth retention Properties of the textiles described in this example
According to the embodiment, the foaming microporous thermal insulation fiber is mainly formed by melt spinning, a certain amount of foaming microspheres are added in the polyester spinning process for foaming, so that a plurality of closed micropores are generated in the fiber, the foaming micropores are of a closed pore structure and are relatively uniform in the fiber, more static air can be reserved, the air in the micropores does not flow, and the thermal insulation property is obviously improved. Meanwhile, micropores of the fibers are not easy to flatten, the influence on the strength of the fibers is small, and the composite fiber has good comprehensive performance and is beneficial to application in textiles such as fillers and fabrics. In addition, the production method has the advantages of relatively simple process, good stability and high safety.
The above description and examples are intended to illustrate the scope of the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Modifications, equivalents and other improvements which may occur to those skilled in the art and which may be made to the embodiments of the invention or portions thereof through a reasonable analysis, inference or limited experimentation, in light of the common general knowledge, the common general knowledge in the art and/or the prior art, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A production method of foaming microporous thermal fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the dried polyester chips with 0.5-1.0wt% of foamable microsphere raw materials, melting the mixture into a melt through a screw machine, filtering the melt, spinning, and foaming the microspheres in the spinning process to form a plurality of closed micropores in the fibers to obtain nascent fibers;
cooling, oiling and drafting the nascent fiber in sequence to obtain a foamed microporous thermal fiber;
the raw material of the expandable microspheres is polystyrene high-temperature expandable microspheres with the particle size of 30-80 nm.
2. The production method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spinning temperature is 250-270 ℃.
3. The production method according to claim 2, characterized in that the cooling oiling adopts a cooling mode of ring blowing air cooling, and the temperature is 18-19 ℃.
4. The production method according to claim 2, wherein the speed of the drawing and setting is 2000-3200 m/min, and the temperature is 85-125 ℃.
5. The production method of claim 1, further comprising a winding or cutting process after the drawing and shaping, so as to obtain the foamed microcellular thermal fibers with different length specifications.
6. A foamed microcellular thermal fiber produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The use of the foamed microcellular thermal fibers according to claim 6 in textiles for clothing, which are yarns, fabrics or finished goods of clothing.
8. The use of claim 7, wherein said foamed microcellular thermal fibers are produced in a grammage of 70-260g/m 2 The pure spinning fabric.
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