CN113337900A - Photocatalytic fabric and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Photocatalytic fabric and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113337900A
CN113337900A CN202110616219.4A CN202110616219A CN113337900A CN 113337900 A CN113337900 A CN 113337900A CN 202110616219 A CN202110616219 A CN 202110616219A CN 113337900 A CN113337900 A CN 113337900A
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photocatalytic
fabric
spinning
concentration
spinning solution
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CN113337900B (en
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杨亚威
阙文修
蒙渊
滕伟
刘紫剑
赵彦君
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
    • D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
    • D01D5/0038—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion the fibre formed by solvent evaporation, i.e. dry electro-spinning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
    • B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
    • B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
    • B01J31/1815—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. bipyridyl, 2-aminopyridine
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    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
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    • B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
    • B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
    • B01J31/1825—Ligands comprising condensed ring systems, e.g. acridine, carbazole
    • B01J31/183—Ligands comprising condensed ring systems, e.g. acridine, carbazole with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. phenanthroline
    • B01J31/1835—Ligands comprising condensed ring systems, e.g. acridine, carbazole with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. phenanthroline comprising aliphatic or saturated rings
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    • B01J31/22—Organic complexes
    • B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
    • B01J31/226—Sulfur, e.g. thiocarbamates
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    • B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
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    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/04—Dry spinning methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
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    • B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
    • B01D2259/804—UV light
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    • B01J2531/0213—Complexes without C-metal linkages
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    • B01J2531/27—Cadmium
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    • B01J2531/44—Lead
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Abstract

The invention discloses a photocatalytic fabric and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of material chemistry and photocatalysis, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of dissolving a metal precursor, a ligand and a macromolecule in a solvent together to obtain a spinning solution; and spinning the spinning solution into a fabric to obtain the fabric with the photocatalytic function. The metal complex catalyst in the photocatalytic fabric prepared by the invention is uniformly loaded on the surface of the fiber, has large loading capacity, excellent visible light catalytic activity, simple synthesis, low cost, no toxicity, environmental protection and stable physical and chemical properties, and has higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency when being applied to the treatment of micro-polluted water or volatile organic compounds; the invention is compatible with the industrial fabric manufacturing process and has the potential of industrial mass production.

Description

Photocatalytic fabric and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material chemistry and photocatalysis, and particularly relates to a photocatalytic fabric and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Photocatalysis is one of effective technologies for treating micro-polluted water bodies (micro-pollution of water source areas and river channels, tail water of sewage treatment plants, rural sewage receiving pits, urban and rural black and odorous water bodies and the like) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC). TiO over 20182The photocatalysis net obtains good effect in the treatment of micro-polluted water bodies in Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Guangdong and the like in succession, and greatly promotes the practical process of the photocatalysis technology. In practical application, the TiO needs to be bonded by using a bonding agent2The catalyst is adhered to the base net to form a photocatalytic net, and the photocatalytic net is laid below the water surface by several centimeters, so that the photocatalytic net can simultaneously receive illumination and contact with the water body, and can avoid secondary pollution caused by scattered catalyst. However, TiO2The photocatalytic net is mainly limited by factors such as low utilization rate of the catalyst to solar spectrum, low bonding loading capacity and the like, the photocatalytic degradation time is usually different from several days to several months, and the requirements of commercial application on cost and efficiency cannot be well met.
Aiming at the existing TiO2The shortcomings of photocatalytic networks require, on the one hand, the search for new catalysts with visible light response and, on the other hand, the search for new catalyst loading techniques. In the aspect of novel catalysts, metal complexes such as dithiocarbamate and the like become good choices for embedded fibers due to low-cost large-scale synthesis potential, excellent visible light catalytic activity and solubility in specific solvents. In the catalyst loading scheme, besides the adhesion to the base net, there is a two-step spinning method, that is, the catalyst powder is synthesized in the first step, and the powder is dispersed in the high-molecular spinning solution for spinning in the second stepAmount of the compound (A). However, with this two-step spinning method, on the one hand, since the diameter of the fibers is generally from several hundred nanometers to several micrometers, it is not suitable for the case where the catalyst particles are large; on the other hand, when the catalyst particles are small, most of the particles are completely wrapped by the fibers, and only a small part of the particles exposed on the surfaces of the fibers have catalytic activity. Therefore, the development of new high-efficiency, stable and low-cost photocatalyst and preparation technology of photocatalytic net thereof is an important development direction in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a photocatalytic fabric and a preparation method and application thereof, the preparation method directly adds raw materials required by a synthetic catalyst into the process flow of an industrial fabric manufacturing process, and realizes the one-step manufacture from the raw materials to the fabric with excellent visible light catalytic activity, the prepared photocatalytic fabric has excellent visible light catalytic activity, simple synthesis, low cost, no toxicity, environmental protection and stable physical and chemical properties, and has lower cost and higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency when being applied to the treatment of micro-polluted water or volatile organic compounds.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for preparing a photocatalytic fabric, comprising: firstly, completely dissolving a metal precursor with the concentration of 0.001-0.1 mol/L, a ligand with the concentration of 0.002-0.4 mol/L and a macromolecule with the concentration of 50-500 g/L in a solvent at 0-80 ℃ to obtain a colored transparent spinning solution, wherein the concentration of the ligand is 2-4 times that of the metal precursor; and then spinning the spinning solution at 0-80 ℃, and volatilizing the solvent to obtain the metal complex catalyst-loaded photocatalytic fabric.
Preferably, the metal precursor comprises a mixture of one or more of soluble bismuth, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, antimony and lead salts, and the soluble metal salt comprises a chloride, nitrate, acetate or citrate.
More preferably, the pH value of the spinning solution is adjusted to be less than 2 by adding acid to the metal ions easy to hydrolyze.
More preferably, the easily hydrolysable metal ions include bismuth or antimony, and the acid includes hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
Preferably, the ligand comprises one or more of dithiocarbamate, trithiocyanate, porphyrin, phthalocyanine, o-phenanthroline, bipyridine and derivatives thereof.
Preferably, the polymer is polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral or nylon.
Preferably, the solvent is a mixture of one or more of N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform and acetonitrile.
Preferably, the spinning process comprises electrostatic spinning or solution spinning.
The invention also provides a photocatalytic fabric prepared by the preparation method of the photocatalytic fabric, the appearance of the photocatalytic fabric is colored fabric-shaped, and the microstructure of the photocatalytic fabric is a porous nanofiber structure.
The invention also provides an application of the photocatalytic fabric as photocatalytic degradation of micro-polluted water or volatile organic compounds, the photocatalytic fabric has ultraviolet light and visible light catalytic activity in a light wavelength range from 300nm to 600nm, and the concentration of the micro-polluted organic compounds can be degraded to be below 10% under the illumination condition.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the preparation process is compatible with the industrial fabric manufacturing process, does not need additional processes, and has the potential of low-cost large-scale manufacturing.
2. The metal precursor which is one of the main raw materials used by the invention has better universality to the types and the proportions of the contained metal elements, namely, the metal precursor can generate an effective catalyst under the condition of various metal elements and proportions. The invention uses one of the main raw materials, can adopt industrial heavy metal chelating agents, such as dithiocarbamate, trithiocyanate and the like, can coordinate with metal ions at normal temperature and normal pressure to generate a catalyst with visible light response, and also provides a sustainable scheme for resource utilization of heavy metal chelating products.
3. The metal complex catalyst in the photocatalytic network is simple and convenient to synthesize, non-toxic, environment-friendly, stable in physical and chemical properties and excellent in visible light catalytic activity, can degrade organic matters in slightly polluted water bodies or VOC in air only by ultraviolet light and visible light in solar energy, and is an effective scheme for treating the slightly polluted water bodies.
4. The invention realizes one-step molding from raw materials to the photocatalytic fabric without any additional modification. In the spinning process, because the solubility of the catalyst is different from that of the high polymer, after the solvent is volatilized, the high polymer with low solubility is crystallized into fibers firstly, and then the catalyst is uniformly crystallized and precipitated on the surfaces of the fibers and is firmly loaded on the fibers. The invention overcomes the problems of low load and easy shedding of the bonding method, simultaneously overcomes the problem of catalyst coating of the two-step spinning method, improves the utilization rate of raw materials and the effective load of the catalyst, and simplifies the preparation process of the photocatalytic fabric.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a photo-catalytic fabric prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph of a photocatalytic fabric obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a tetracycline hydrochloride degradation curve of the photocatalytic fabric prepared by the present invention under simulated sunlight irradiation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and specific examples in the specification, and it should be understood that the examples described are only a part of the examples of the present application, and not all examples. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The invention provides a preparation method of a photocatalytic fabric, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, completely dissolving a metal precursor with the concentration of 0.001-0.1 mol/L, a ligand with the concentration of 0.002-0.4 mol/L and a macromolecule with the concentration of 50-500 g/L in a solvent at 0-80 ℃ to obtain a colored transparent spinning solution, wherein the concentration of the ligand is 2-4 times that of the metal precursor; the metal precursor comprises one or a mixture of soluble bismuth, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, antimony and lead salts, and the soluble metal salt comprises chloride, nitrate, acetate or citrate; adding acid to easily hydrolyzed metal ions in the spinning solution to adjust the pH value to be less than 2, wherein the easily hydrolyzed metal ions comprise bismuth or antimony, and the acid comprises hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid; the ligand comprises one or more of dithiocarbamate, trimeric thiocyanate, porphyrin, phthalocyanine, phenanthroline, bipyridyl and derivatives thereof; the polymer is polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral or nylon; the solvent is one or a mixture of more of N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, trichloromethane and acetonitrile;
and then spinning the spinning solution at 0-80 ℃, wherein the spinning treatment comprises electrostatic spinning or solution spinning, and after the solvent is volatilized, the photocatalytic fabric loaded by the metal complex catalyst is obtained.
The invention also provides the photocatalytic fabric prepared by the preparation method, the appearance of the photocatalytic fabric is colored fabric-shaped, the microstructure is a porous nanofiber structure, the fiber diameter is from dozens of nanometers to several micrometers, and the metal complex catalyst is uniformly and completely loaded on the surface of the polymer fiber. The invention also provides application of the photocatalytic fabric as photocatalytic degradation of micro-polluted water or volatile organic compounds, the photocatalytic fabric has ultraviolet light and visible light catalytic activity within the wavelength range of 300nm to 600nm, and the concentration of the micro-polluted organic compounds can be degraded to be below 10% within a plurality of days under normal illumination.
The metal precursor, the ligand and the macromolecule are dissolved in the solvent together to obtain a spinning solution, and then the spinning solution is spun into the fabric to obtain the fabric with the photocatalytic function. The metal complex catalyst in the photocatalytic fabric prepared by the invention is uniformly loaded on the surface of the fiber, has large loading capacity and excellent visible light catalytic activity; the method is compatible with the industrial fabric manufacturing process and has the potential of industrial mass production.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
The invention effectively controls the crystallization and precipitation behavior of reaction raw materials in a solvent according to different solubilities of a metal complex catalyst and a macromolecule in the solvent, takes soluble bismuth salt as a metal precursor and takes dithiocarbamate as a ligand, such as: examples 1 to 3, bismuth dithiocarbamate photocatalytic fabrics were obtained.
The photocatalytic test method of the following examples was: A300W xenon lamp (PLS-SXE300UV, Beijing Pofely science and technology Co., Ltd.) is combined with an AM 1.5G optical filter to serve as a simulated solar light source, and the distance between the light source and the reaction system is 20 cm. A tetracycline hydrochloride solution at a concentration of 20ppm was used as a simulated slightly contaminated water body. In the degradation test, 4cm2The photocatalytic fabric is suspended 0.5cm below the liquid level, and the volume of the liquid is 120 mL. After the illumination is started, water samples are taken at certain time intervals to test the absorbance of the residual tetracycline hydrochloride, and the degradation rate is calculated by adopting the beer-Lambert law.
Example 1:
the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, completely dissolving 0.2mmol of bismuth chloride, 0.7mmol of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and 1g of polyacrylonitrile in 10mL of N, N-dimethylformamide at 25 ℃, and adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to be less than 2 to obtain a yellow and transparent spinning solution; and then putting the spinning solution into an electrostatic spinning machine, applying 25kV voltage at 25 ℃ for electrostatic spinning, and volatilizing N, N-dimethylformamide to obtain the bismuth diethyldithiocarbamate photocatalytic fabric.
The photocatalytic fabric product prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen from fig. 1 that the product is colored fabric in appearance, which indicates that the product has visible light absorption characteristics; observing by using a scanning electron microscope, as shown in figure 2, the microstructure of the product is a porous nanofiber structure, the diameter of the fiber is dozens of nanometers, and the catalyst is uniformly and completely loaded on the polymer fiber; the photocatalytic fabric product of example 1 was subjected to a simulated photocatalytic test, and the results are shown in fig. 3. as can be seen from fig. 3, the concentration of tetracycline hydrochloride can be degraded to below 10% within four days under simulated solar illumination.
Example 2:
the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, completely dissolving 0.2mmol of bismuth acetate, 0.7mmol of sodium dibutyldithiocarbamate and 1g of polystyrene in 10mL of dimethyl sulfoxide at the temperature of 30 ℃, and adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to be less than 2 to obtain a yellow and transparent spinning solution; and then carrying out solution spinning on the spinning solution at 60 ℃, and volatilizing dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain the dibutyl dithiocarbamic acid bismuth photocatalytic fabric.
Example 3:
the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, completely dissolving 0.2mmol of bismuth nitrate, 0.7mmol of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and 1g of polymethyl methacrylate in 10mL of tetrahydrofuran at 40 ℃, and adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to be less than 2 to obtain a yellow and transparent spinning solution; and then carrying out solution spinning on the spinning solution at 50 ℃, and volatilizing tetrahydrofuran to obtain the pyrrolidine bismuth dithiocarbamate photocatalytic fabric.
Example 4:
the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, completely dissolving 0.2mmol of cadmium chloride, 0.4mmol of sodium trithiocyanate and 1g of polyvinylidene fluoride in 10mL of N, N-dimethylformamide at 50 ℃ to obtain a light yellow transparent spinning solution; and then putting the spinning solution into an electrostatic spinning machine, applying 30kV voltage at 30 ℃ for electrostatic spinning, and volatilizing N, N-dimethylformamide to obtain the cadmium trithiocyanate photocatalytic fabric.
Example 5:
the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, completely dissolving 0.2mmol of ferric nitrate, 0.4mmol of porphyrin and 1g of polyvinyl butyral in 10mL of dimethyl sulfoxide at 60 ℃ to obtain a purple transparent spinning solution; and then carrying out solution spinning on the spinning solution at 40 ℃, and volatilizing dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain the porphyrin iron photocatalytic fabric.
Example 6:
the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, completely dissolving 0.15mmol of bismuth chloride, 0.05mmol of manganese acetate, 0.02mmol of phenanthroline, 0.5mmol of ammonium dibenzyldithiocarbamate and 1g of polyacrylonitrile in 10mL of N, N-dimethylformamide at 35 ℃, and adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to be less than 2 to obtain a yellow-green transparent spinning solution; and then, putting the spinning solution into an electrostatic spinning machine, applying 20kV voltage at 40 ℃ for electrostatic spinning, and volatilizing N, N-dimethylformamide to obtain the phenanthroline-dibenzyl dithiocarbamic acid bismuth cobalt photocatalytic fabric.
Example 7:
the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, completely dissolving 0.001mol/L cobalt citrate, 0.002mol/L phthalocyanine and 50g/L polyvinylpyrrolidone in trichloromethane together to obtain a spinning solution; and then spinning the spinning solution, and volatilizing the solvent to obtain the photocatalytic fabric.
Example 8:
the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, completely dissolving nickel nitrate with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, bipyridine with the concentration of 0.4mol/L and polyvinyl alcohol with the concentration of 500g/L into acetonitrile to obtain a spinning solution; and then spinning the spinning solution, and volatilizing the solvent to obtain the photocatalytic fabric.
Example 9:
the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, completely dissolving antimony nitrate with the concentration of 0.05mol/L, a mixture of porphyrin and sodium trithiocyanate in any proportion of 0.15mol/L and nylon in 250g/L in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile in any proportion, and adding sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to be less than 2 to obtain a spinning solution; and then spinning the spinning solution, and volatilizing the solvent to obtain the photocatalytic fabric.
Example 10:
the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, completely dissolving 0.01mol/L lead citrate, 0.01mol/L phenanthroline, 0.02mol/L sodium tripolyphosphate and 450g/L polyvinyl alcohol in a mixture of N, N-dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide at any ratio to obtain a spinning solution; and then spinning the spinning solution, and volatilizing the solvent to obtain the photocatalytic fabric.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method of making a photocatalytic fabric, comprising: firstly, completely dissolving a metal precursor with the concentration of 0.001-0.1 mol/L, a ligand with the concentration of 0.002-0.4 mol/L and a macromolecule with the concentration of 50-500 g/L in a solvent at 0-80 ℃ to obtain a colored transparent spinning solution, wherein the concentration of the ligand is 2-4 times that of the metal precursor; and then spinning the spinning solution at 0-80 ℃, and volatilizing the solvent to obtain the metal complex catalyst-loaded photocatalytic fabric.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal precursor comprises a mixture of one or more soluble salts of bismuth, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, antimony, and lead, and the soluble metal salt comprises chloride, nitrate, acetate, or citrate.
3. The method for preparing a photocatalytic fabric as set forth in claim 2, wherein the pH of the spinning solution is adjusted to less than 2 by adding acid to the easily hydrolyzable metal ions.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the easily hydrolysable metal ions comprise bismuth or antimony, and the acid comprises hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the ligand comprises one or more of dithiocarbamate, trithiocyanate, porphyrin, phthalocyanine, phenanthroline, bipyridine and derivatives thereof.
6. The method for preparing the photocatalytic fabric according to claim 1, wherein the polymer is polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral or nylon.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the solvent is one or more of N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform and acetonitrile.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the spinning process comprises electrospinning or solution spinning.
9. A photocatalytic fabric, characterized by being prepared by the method for preparing a photocatalytic fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the appearance of the photocatalytic fabric is colored fabric-like, and the microstructure is a porous nanofiber structure.
10. Use of a photocatalytic fabric according to claim 9 as photocatalytic degradation of micro-polluted water or volatile organic compounds, having uv and visible photocatalytic activity in the wavelength interval from 300nm to 600nm and being capable of degrading the micro-polluted organic compounds to a concentration below 10% under light conditions.
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