CN113333948A - Processing method and welding method of steel blank with aluminum-silicon coating - Google Patents
Processing method and welding method of steel blank with aluminum-silicon coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN113333948A CN113333948A CN202110575074.8A CN202110575074A CN113333948A CN 113333948 A CN113333948 A CN 113333948A CN 202110575074 A CN202110575074 A CN 202110575074A CN 113333948 A CN113333948 A CN 113333948A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method and a welding method of a steel blank with an aluminum-silicon coating, which comprises the following steps: step S1, removing the base and the pre-plating layer from the part to be welded of the blank to form at least one groove structure; step S2, the roots of the groove structures of at least two blanks are contacted to form a welding bead; step S3, welding filler metal welding wires; and step S4, cooling to normal temperature after welding. The invention designs a processing method and a welding method of a steel blank with an aluminum-silicon coating, which completely remove the aluminum-silicon coating at the welding position by beveling the edge to be welded of a plate, and no surface coating is brought into a molten pool in the welding process; the groove structure can obviously improve the toughness and the strength of the welding joint of the aluminum-silicon coating plate, and solves the problems of punching cracking and delayed cracking of the welding joint caused by excessive fusion of aluminum elements in the welding joint when the aluminum-silicon coating plate is welded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a processing method and a welding method of a steel blank with an aluminum-silicon coating, belonging to the technical field of blank plate processing and welding.
Background
With the increasing requirements on automobile exhaust emission, the light weight of an automobile body is one of the most effective modes for reducing the automobile exhaust emission, parts formed by hot stamping of hot forming steel can meet the requirements on light weight of the automobile body and safety of the automobile body, have the characteristics of good plasticity, strong forming capability, small resilience and the like at high temperature, and have the strength of over 1450MPa after hot stamping forming, thereby meeting the requirements on strength and plasticity of automobile structural parts. Currently, hot forming steels include aluminum-silicon-plated and zinc-plated hot forming steels, and the problems of decarburization and surface oxidation of a substrate during heat treatment and hot press forming are prevented by pre-plating. Among them, the hot forming steel with the aluminum-silicon coating is widely accepted by the market due to the characteristics of corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, one-step forming and the like. According to the structural design of the automobile body, the automobile body is different to the intensity requirement of the different positions of same part, adopts a panel to carry out machine-shaping, and the application of the hot-forming steel tailor-welded blank makes this requirement become possible to the intensity requirement of different positions of the structure of automobile body that can't be nimble satisfied. In the welding process of the hot forming steel, the base metal at the molten pool is melted, the liquid metal in the molten pool moves violently, the aluminum element and the like in the pre-plating layer are brought into the molten pool by the violently moving liquid metal, a large amount of brittle phases are generated in the subsequent hot processing process, and the strength and the toughness of a welding joint are reduced seriously.
Chinese patent CN101426612B discloses a method for manufacturing welded blanks from al-si plated steel sheets by removing only the al-si plating on the surface and leaving an alloy layer of 3 to 10 microns. The reserved alloy layer can protect the substrate in the hot stamping process and prevent the substrate from being exposed to generate the problems of oxidation, decarburization and the like. Although the aluminum-silicon plating layer on the surface is removed, the aluminum element in the plating layer is still introduced into the inside of the weld bead during welding because the 3 to 10 micron alloy layer is remained, and the introduced aluminum element is easy to reduce the welding performance. In addition, because the thickness of the pre-plating layer is changed, only an alloy layer with the thickness of 3-10 microns is reserved, the difficulty of stably removing the surface pre-plating layer is very high, more substrates are exposed, and decarburization and oxidation are generated in the hot stamping production process after the substrates lose the protection of the plating layer, so that the risk of cracking of stamping parts is increased; the method has the advantages that excessive plating layer residues are removed, more aluminum elements and the like are fused into a weld bead in the welding process, brittle phases are generated, the toughness and the strength of the weld bead are reduced, and the risk of weld bead cracking is increased.
Chinese patent CN106392328B discloses a method for welding al-si coated hot formed steel under protective gas conditions, wherein the protective gas comprises a mixture of one or both of oxygen and carbon dioxide with an inert gas. The oxidizing gas adopted by the method improves the oxygen partial pressure in the welding pool, the oxidizing gas is combined with aluminum elements in the coating in the welding process to generate aluminum oxide, and the aluminum oxide does not influence the toughness of the weld bead. The method does not need to remove the pre-plating layer in advance, does not need to fill metal welding wires, and is simple to operate. However, this solution still has the following disadvantages: in the welding process, the time for melting metal to form a molten pool and then solidifying the molten pool into a weld bead is very short, the reaction time of oxidizing gas and aluminum element is limited, once the aluminum element which does not react with the oxidizing gas enters the molten pool, aluminum accumulation can be generated in the molten pool, the toughness and the strength of the weld bead are reduced, and the risk of cracking of a hot stamping part exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the control difficulty is high when the welding bead strength is lower than that of a base metal and only a 3-10 micron alloy layer is reserved after a part of a plating layer is removed when aluminum-silicon plated steel is directly welded in the prior art, and provides a machining method and a welding method of a steel blank with an aluminum-silicon plating layer, so that the production efficiency is improved, the welding bead form is more controllable, and the welding process is more stable.
The invention aims to solve the problems and is realized by the following technical scheme:
a processing method and a welding method of a steel blank with an aluminum-silicon coating comprise the following steps:
step S1, removing the base and the pre-plating layer from the part to be welded of the blank to form at least one groove structure;
step S2, the roots of the groove structures of at least two blanks are contacted to form a welding bead;
step S3, welding filler metal welding wires;
and step S4, cooling to normal temperature after welding.
Preferably, the precoating is an aluminum base, the aluminum content of the precoating is more than 75%, and the thickness of the precoating is 6-55 μm.
Preferably, the blank comprises the following components: carbon, manganese, silicon, chromium, titanium, aluminum, sulfur, phosphorus and boron, the rest components comprise iron and impurities inevitably generated in the production process, and the thickness of the blank is 0.5-3 mm.
Preferably, when the part to be welded is the edge of the blank, the width of the groove structure is 0.2-2.3mm, and the height of the groove structure is 0.1-0.7 times the thickness of the blank.
Preferably, when the portion to be welded is an edge of a blank, the step S1 specifically includes:
and step S11, removing the base and the pre-plating layer from the part to be welded of the blank to form an initial groove structure, wherein the width of the initial groove structure is 0.3-4mm, and the height of the initial groove structure is 0.2-0.9 times of the thickness of the blank.
And step S12, cutting the initial groove structure according to a plane to obtain a groove structure, wherein the width of the groove structure is 0.2mm-2.3mm, and the height of the groove structure is 0.1mm-0.7 times of the thickness of the blank.
Preferably, when the portion to be welded is an upper middle portion of the blank, the step S1 specifically includes:
step S11, removing the base and the pre-plating layer from the part to be welded of the blank to form a notch structure;
and step S12, cutting the blank into two sections from the central axis of the notch structure, wherein the edge of each section of the blank is of a groove structure, the width of the notch structure is 0.4-4.6mm, and the height of the notch structure is 0.1-0.7 times of the thickness of the blank.
Preferably, the step S3 includes: the filling amount of the metal welding wire is at least 100% of the total loss of the plates at the butt joint of the groove structures of two adjacent blanks due to the volume of the groove, and the advancing path of the metal welding wire is linear and forms an acute angle with the included angle of the welding direction.
Preferably, the edge of the cross section of the groove structure is wave-shaped, arc-shaped or linear.
Preferably, the welding is laser welding.
Preferably, the metal welding wire comprises the following components: carbon, manganese, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and iron.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention designs a processing method and a welding method of a steel blank with an aluminum-silicon coating, which completely remove the aluminum-silicon coating at the welding position by beveling the edge to be welded of a plate, and no surface coating is brought into a molten pool in the welding process; the groove surface is smooth, and the welding process is more stable. The groove structure is more beneficial to the uniform melting of metal in the welding process, and is more beneficial to the surface tension of liquid metal to play a role, so that the welding bead is prevented from sagging; the invention can improve the welding bead form, improve the toughness and the strength of the welding bead under the condition of not enabling the welding bead to be full through the method of filling the high-strength metal welding wire in the welding process, and control the welding bead surplus height.
According to the method for welding the edges of the plates to be welded after beveling, the preferred welding mode is laser wire filling welding, and in the welding process of products or plates with different thicknesses, which have low requirements on the shapes of welding paths, the welding process can also adopt laser welding without wire filling, so that the welding process is stable, and the strength and the toughness of the welding paths meet the use requirements.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an isometric view of a first embodiment of a groove structure in a method of processing a steel blank with an aluminum-silicon coating and a method of welding the same in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an isometric view of a second embodiment of a groove structure in a method of processing a steel blank with an aluminum-silicon coating and a method of welding the steel blank according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of a third embodiment of a groove configuration in a method of processing a steel blank with an Al-Si coating and a method of welding the steel blank.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the method of processing a steel blank with an Al-Si coating and the welding method thereof according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a metallographic representation of a cross-section of a welded joint according to an embodiment of the method for machining a steel blank with an Al-Si coating and the method for welding the steel blank according to the invention.
FIG. 6 is a gold phase diagram of a welded joint cross-section after heat treatment of an embodiment of the method of the present invention for processing a steel blank with an Al-Si coating and welding the steel blank.
FIG. 7 is a gold phase diagram of a welded joint cross-section after heat treatment of another embodiment of a method of processing a steel blank with an Al-Si coating and a method of welding the same in accordance with the present invention.
The method comprises the following steps of 1-substrate, 2-precoating, 3-groove structure, 4-welding bead, 5-gap structure and 6-plane.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying figures 1-7:
the technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The prior art metal plating on both sides of the weld joint prior to welding has caused plating to build up in the weld pool, resulting in a weld joint with reduced strength and toughness, and thus the above-mentioned problems can be solved by forming a groove by removing a definite portion of the edge of the sheet material and then performing welding at the groove.
When the beveled plates are subjected to butt welding, the welding joint is applied to the butt joint of the edges of the bevels of the two plates, metal welding wires are filled into the butt welding part while welding, and the loss of base materials at the bevels of the plates is made up by filling the metal welding wires. During the wire filling welding process, the plate and the welding wire at the molten pool are melted to form liquid metal, the liquid metal can effectively fill the groove on the welded plate due to the self fluidity, and by utilizing the characteristic, the wire filling amount can be controlled according to the size of the groove during the welding process to effectively level up the groove. The filling amount of the welding wire is at least 100% of the total loss amount of the plates at the groove butt joint of the two adjacent plates due to the volume of the groove. The weld bead reinforcement method can also adjust the filler wire amount to control the surplus height of a welding part according to the requirements of special product performance, particularly, in the welding of a hot stamping plate with equal thickness and high strength, the requirement on the strength of a weld bead is high, the requirement on the maximum value of the surplus height of the weld bead is strict, the surplus height of the weld bead refers to the bulge of the cross section of the weld bead, so that the requirement on the shape of the weld bead and the strength of the weld bead can be met, and the problems can be perfectly solved by adopting a groove process and filling a high-strength welding wire (the strength of the welding wire is obviously greater than that of a base metal) in the welding process.
In the welding process, due to the action of gravity, the groove below the welded plate can be effectively filled with the liquid metal in the molten pool, and simultaneously, due to the action of the surface tension of the liquid metal, the liquid metal in the molten pool cannot infinitely flow downwards after filling the groove below the welded plate. Under the appropriate energy input condition, the larger the groove on the lower surface of the plate to be welded is, the smaller the residual height on the lower surface of the weld bead is, within the range of ensuring that the required welding condition is met. By utilizing the characteristic, the surplus height of the lower surface of the welding bead can be effectively controlled by controlling the size of the groove on the lower surface of the plate to be welded.
In addition, a keyhole is formed in the center of a laser beam of metal in the radiation range of the laser beam in a welding molten pool due to the heat transfer effect, a severe disturbance area is arranged around the keyhole, liquid metal in the severe disturbance area flows violently in the welding process, a pre-plating layer on the surface of a plate is brought into the inside of the molten pool along with the severe flow of the liquid metal in the molten pool, a plating layer is formed in the molten pool and accumulated to generate a brittle phase, and the toughness and the strength of a weld bead are reduced. And outside the violent disturbance area, because the heat transfer occurs between the metals, the metals outside the violent disturbance area are in a molten or semi-molten state, and the molten or semi-molten state metal flow is not violent, so that the preplating layer outside the violent disturbance area is not fused into the inside of a molten pool, and a brittle phase is not generated inside the welding joint.
The patent provides a processing method and a welding method of a steel blank with an aluminum-silicon coating on the basis of the prior art, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
step S1, removing the substrate 1 and the preplating layer 2 of the part to be welded of the blank to form a groove structure 3, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, a steel blank with an aluminum-silicon coating is introduced, which comprises a substrate 1 and pre-coating layers 2 arranged on the upper side and the lower side, wherein the pre-coating layers 2 are aluminum-based, the aluminum content of the pre-coating layers 2 is more than 75%, and the thickness is 6-55 μm. The components of the steel in the blank are as follows: c is more than or equal to 0.002% and less than or equal to 0.5%, Mn is more than or equal to 0.2% and less than or equal to 3.1%, Si is more than or equal to 0.005% and less than or equal to 1.2%, Cr is less than or equal to 1%, Ti is less than or equal to 0.2%, Al is less than or equal to 0.1%, S is less than or equal to 0.05%, P is less than or equal to 0.12%, B is less than or equal to 0.010%, the rest components comprise iron and impurities inevitably generated in the production process, and the thickness t of.
And removing the base body 1 and the precoating layer 2 from the to-be-welded part of the blank by grinding, milling, planing, laser cutting and the like to form a groove structure 3, wherein the section edge of the groove structure 3 is in any curve shape such as a wave shape, an arc shape, a straight line shape and the like. Grooves with curved cross-sectional edge geometry are well suited for welding situations where as much of the retained matrix as possible is desired. Under certain conditions, a bevel with a curved cross-sectional edge geometry is also obtained, for example, a bevel with a curved geometry that can meet welding requirements due to uneven rake faces caused by wear of a milling or planing tool that machines the bevel. Or the curved jagged bevel can meet the welding requirement and is generated by the wave of the milling cutter or the planing cutter surface for processing the bevel.
At least one groove structure 3 is selected, an appropriate combination of the upper groove structure 3 and the lower groove structure 3 is selected according to different welding conditions and different material thickness combinations, and the process methods of the groove structure 3 are respectively the following three embodiments:
the first embodiment is as follows:
when the part to be welded is the edge of the blank, the base 1 and the pre-plating layer 2 are removed by milling or planing to form a groove structure 3, as shown in fig. 1, the width X of the groove structure 3 is 0.2-2.3mm, and the height Y of the groove structure 3 is 0.1-0.7 times the thickness of the blank.
The second embodiment is as follows:
and when the part to be welded is the edge of the blank, removing the substrate and the pre-plating layer from the part to be welded of the blank to form an initial groove structure, wherein the width of the initial groove structure is 0.3-4mm, and the height of the initial groove structure is 0.2-0.9 times the thickness of the blank.
And cutting the initial groove structure according to a plane 6 to obtain a groove structure 3, wherein the width of the groove structure 3 is 0.2mm-2.3mm, and the height of the groove structure 3 is 0.1mm-0.7 times of the thickness of the blank.
The third embodiment is as follows:
when the to-be-welded portion is the upper middle portion of the blank, step S1 specifically includes:
the removal of the substrate 1 and said precoating 2 at the portions of the blank to be welded are formed into a notch structure 5, and the person skilled in the art knows how to adapt the different specific parameters, such as choice of type of planing blade, speed of relative translation, pressure, to the removal operation to achieve as complete and rapid a removal of the substrate and precoating as possible. For example, it is possible to use a planing tool mounted on an axis, said planing tool being driven in translation along a straight line parallel to the surface of the sheet, forming a structure of slits 5 in the surface of the sheet, as shown in fig. 3;
the blank is cut into two sections from the axis position of the notch structure 5, laser impact cutting can be adopted, the middle part of the notch is cut along a straight line, the edge of each section of the blank is the structure 3 with the groove, the width J of the notch structure 5 is 0.4-4.6mm, and the height K of the notch structure 5 is 0.1mm-0.7 times of the thickness of the blank.
In the welding process, because the liquid metal on the weld bead molten pool moves more violently than the liquid metal solution below the molten pool, the aluminum-silicon coating on the upper surface is more easily brought into the molten pool to form coating accumulation, and the processed groove has larger width and deeper height, and the aluminum-silicon coating has less residue, so the width and height of the groove on the upper surface of the plate are generally larger than those of the groove on the lower surface of the plate.
Under specific conditions, the width and height of the groove on the lower surface of the plate material may be greater than or equal to those of the groove on the upper surface, for example, when the extra height of the lower surface of the weld bead is very strict (the extra height of the lower surface is very small), the method of increasing the width or height of the groove on the lower surface within a certain range can effectively reduce the extra height of the lower surface of the weld bead.
In the case of welding two aluminum-silicon-plated sheet materials, the bevel may also have a different geometry at the welded portion of each of the two sheet materials.
In the case of welding two aluminum-silicon plated sheets of different thicknesses, the width and height of the groove may also be different at the welded portion of each of the two sheets.
In the process of filling and welding metal welding wires into two groove plates with different thicknesses, because the two plates have different thicknesses, in order to ensure that the welding wires are contacted with welding positions of the two plates simultaneously, the central point of the welding wires needs to be deviated to one side of a thin plate, so that a welding fusion part is deviated to one side of the thin plate, and the welding fusion width of the thin plate side is greater than that of the thick plate side. Therefore, when metal wire filler welding is performed on two different-thickness groove plate materials, the width of the thin-plate-side groove is generally larger than the width of the thick-plate-side groove in order to avoid the aluminum-silicon plating layer from being merged into the weld bead.
Step S2, the roots of the groove structures 3 of at least two blanks are contacted to form a weld bead 4, as shown in fig. 4.
In step S3, filler metal wire welding is performed.
The welding adopts laser welding and on-line wire filling welding, metal welding wires are filled into welding positions while the beveled plate is welded, the filled welding wires and the welding edges of the beveled plate are melted simultaneously in the welding process, and the filled welding wires supplement the loss of base materials at the beveled part of the plate and supplement the element components which are needed by welding and have lower content in the base materials. The filling amount of the metal welding wire is at least 100% of the total loss of the plates at the butt joint of the groove structures 3 of two adjacent blanks due to the volume of the groove, and the advancing path of the metal welding wire is linear and forms an acute angle with the included angle of the welding direction. The metal welding wire comprises the following components: c is more than or equal to 0.05 percent and less than or equal to 0.48 percent, Mn is more than or equal to 0.4 percent and less than or equal to 5 percent, Si is more than or equal to 0.1 percent and less than or equal to 3 percent, Cr is more than or equal to 0.02 percent and less than or equal to 3 percent, Ni is more than or equal to 0.4 percent and less than or equal to 3 percent, Mo is more than or equal to 0.05 percent and less than or equal to 1 percent, and the balance is iron and inevitable impurities.
And step S4, cooling to normal temperature after welding.
According to the above description of the method of processing a steel blank with an al-si coating and the welding method thereof, the welding performance and bead height of the groove plate material will be specifically controlled by way of example:
the pre-plated sheet material VP1, the pre-plated sheet material VP2, the VP1 and the VP2 are sheet materials which are made of the same material and have the same thickness, the thickness of the sheet material is 1.5mm, and the main component in the pre-plating layer of the sheet material is aluminum.
And (3) performing groove opening operation on the pre-plated plates VP1 and VP2, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of the pre-plated plates adopt an asymmetric groove opening structure mode, and the groove opening structures of the pre-plated plates VP1 and VP2 are the same in mode and size.
Due to the welding conditions of the 1.5mm aluminum-silicon coating plate and the laser welding characteristics of the semiconductor laser adopted in the welding process, the most preferable ranges of the width and the height of the groove structure are as follows:
upper surface: the width range of the groove structure is 0.6mm-0.8mm, the height range of the groove structure is 0.2-0.4mm,
lower surface: the width range of the groove structure is 0.4mm-0.6mm, the height range of the groove structure is 0.1-0.3mm,
the groove structure was made on the edge of the plate material by longitudinal milling on the 400 mm long side, using a 80 mm diameter grinding plate mounted on an inclined rotating system, the groove structure being obtained asymmetrically on both surfaces of the plate material, respectively, the speed of movement of the grinding plate being approximately 4 m/min.
All the pre-plated plates are divided into two groups, and the groove structure sizes obtained by the two groups of pre-plated plates with different groove sizes (the groove upper surfaces have the same size, and the groove lower surfaces have different sizes) are shown in the following tables 1 and 2.
Table 1 (first group groove plate)
Watch 2 (second group groove plate)
| Upper surface (mm) | Lower surface (mm) | |
| Width of groove structure | 0.75 | 0.55 |
| Height of groove structure | 0.3 | 0.3 |
And (3) respectively welding two groups of groove plates:
before welding the pre-plated sheet material VP1 and the pre-plated sheet material VP2, the edges of the groove structures of VP1 and VP2 are butted together, the pre-plated sheet material VP1 and VP2 butted with each other come from the same group of groove sheet materials, and the cross section of the part to be welded is of a symmetrical structure, as shown in FIG. 5.
Welding by adopting laser filler wire welding, wherein the technological parameters for welding the two groups of groove plates are the same:
rated welding power 5KW, welding speed 5 m/min, wire feeding speed: 4.0 m/min, wire diameter 1 mm.
After welding, the two sets of welded blanks were heat treated, heated to 950 ℃, held for 5 minutes, then quickly transferred to a mold through which cooling water was circulated inside to compact them and cooled at a rate greater than 30 ℃/S to produce a martensitic structure.
After completion of the processing:
firstly, the mechanical property of the steel matrix is measured, and the tensile strength of the steel matrix is higher than 1450Mpa, the yield strength is higher than 950Mpa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 4 percent.
The mechanical properties of the weld joints of the two test specimens were then measured, with the weld joints in the middle of the test specimens measured and the weld bead direction perpendicular to the direction of the tensile force applied during the test. The two groups of samples are outside the welding joint at the position where natural fracture occurs due to detection, the fracture position meets the experimental requirement, the tensile strength of the samples is higher than 1450MPa, the yield strength is higher than 950MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 4%.
Fig. 6 shows a gold phase diagram of a cross section of a weld joint after heat treatment of a first set of weld specimens. Fig. 7 shows a gold phase diagram of a cross section of the weld joint after heat treatment of the second set of weld specimens. Table 3 shows the welding parameters of the welding samples and the detection results after the heat treatment.
TABLE 3
The method can stably implement the beveling and welding process, and meanwhile, the welding joint has excellent ductility after heat treatment and meets the use requirement of batch production.
The experimental data can show that in the process of groove and welding, under the condition that welding parameters are not changed, the groove height of the lower surface is larger, the lower surface residual height is lower after welding is finished, the groove height of the lower surface of the first group of samples is 0.2mm, the residual height of the welding bead of the lower surface is 155 micrometers, the groove height of the groove of the lower surface of the second group of samples is 0.3mm, and the residual height of the welding bead of the lower surface is 125 micrometers. Therefore, the weld bead residual height can be effectively controlled by adjusting the height of the groove on the lower surface.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the invention not be limited to the exact details and illustrations described and illustrated herein, but fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A processing method of a steel blank with an aluminum-silicon coating and a welding method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, removing the base (1) and the precoating (2) from the part to be welded of the blank to form at least one groove structure (3);
step S2, the roots of the groove structures (3) of at least two blanks are contacted to form a welding bead (4);
step S3, welding filler metal welding wires;
and step S4, cooling to normal temperature after welding.
2. Method for working a steel blank with an al-si coating and method for welding the same according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-coating (2) is aluminium based, the al content of the pre-coating (2) is above 75%, and the thickness of the pre-coating (2) is 6-55 μm.
3. A method of processing a steel blank with an al-si coating and a method of welding the same according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the main components of the steel of the blank are iron, carbon, manganese, silicon, chromium, titanium, aluminium, sulphur, phosphorus and boron, and the thickness of the blank is 0.5-3 mm.
4. A method of manufacturing a steel blank with an al-si coating and a method of welding thereof according to claim 3, characterized in that when the part to be welded is the edge of the blank, the width of the groove structure (3) is 0.2-2.3mm and the height of the groove structure (3) is 0.1-0.7 times the thickness of the blank.
5. The method for processing the steel blank with the aluminum-silicon coating and the welding method thereof according to claim 3, wherein when the portion to be welded is the edge of the blank, the step S1 specifically comprises:
and step S11, removing the substrate (1) and the pre-plating layer (2) from the part to be welded of the blank to form an initial groove structure, wherein the width of the initial groove structure is 0.3-4mm, and the height of the initial groove structure is 0.2-0.9 times of the thickness of the blank.
And step S12, cutting the initial groove structure according to a plane (6) to obtain a groove structure (3), wherein the width of the groove structure (3) is 0.2mm-2.3mm, and the height of the groove structure (3) is 0.1mm-0.7 times of the thickness of the blank.
6. The method for processing the steel blank with the aluminum-silicon coating and the welding method thereof according to claim 3, wherein when the portion to be welded is the upper middle portion of the blank, the step S1 specifically comprises:
step S11, removing the base (1) and the pre-plating layer (2) from the part to be welded of the blank to form a notch structure (5);
and step S12, cutting the blank into two sections from the axis position in the notch structure (5), wherein the edge of each section of the blank is provided with a groove structure (3), the width of the notch structure (5) is 0.4-4.6mm, and the height of the notch structure (5) is 0.1-0.7 times of the thickness of the blank.
7. Method of working a steel blank with an al-si coating and welding a steel blank according to any of claims 4-6, characterised in that said step S3 comprises: the filling amount of the metal welding wire is at least 100% of the total loss of the plates at the butt joint of the groove structures (3) of two adjacent blanks due to the volume of the grooves, and the advancing path of the metal welding wire is linear and forms an acute angle with the included angle of the welding direction.
8. Method for machining a steel blank with an al-si coating and welding thereof according to claim 7, characterized in that the bevel (3) has a wavy, curved or straight cross-sectional edge.
9. A method of processing a steel blank with an Al-Si coating and a method of welding thereof according to claim 8, characterized in that the welding is laser welding.
10. A method of processing a steel blank with an al-si coating and a method of welding the same according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the metal welding wire comprises as main components: carbon, manganese, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and iron.
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