CN113333713A - Vacuum die-casting die for manufacturing shock absorption tower and vacuum die-casting method of shock absorption tower - Google Patents
Vacuum die-casting die for manufacturing shock absorption tower and vacuum die-casting method of shock absorption tower Download PDFInfo
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- CN113333713A CN113333713A CN202110762368.1A CN202110762368A CN113333713A CN 113333713 A CN113333713 A CN 113333713A CN 202110762368 A CN202110762368 A CN 202110762368A CN 113333713 A CN113333713 A CN 113333713A
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- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/14—Machines with evacuated die cavity
- B22D17/145—Venting means therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
- B22D17/203—Injection pistons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
- B22D17/2218—Cooling or heating equipment for dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
- B22D17/2236—Equipment for loosening or ejecting castings from dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
- B22D17/2272—Sprue channels
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- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vacuum die-casting die for manufacturing a shock absorption tower and a vacuum die-casting method of the shock absorption tower, wherein the vacuum die-casting die comprises a fixed die, a movable die, an ejection system arranged in the movable die and a cooling system for cooling a die and a casting, and the ejection system can eject the casting out of a die cavity of the die after the die is opened; under the die closing state, adding molten metal into a pressure chamber from a feed inlet of a material cylinder, moving a punch and plugging the feed inlet, starting a vacuumizing system to start vacuumizing, and closing the vacuumizing system when the punch moves to a high-speed switching position; the punch continues to move at a high speed, the molten metal respectively enters the two transverse main runners through the sprue spreader, then enters the die cavity through the transition cross gate and the inner gate which are communicated with the two transverse main runners, and the die cavity is quickly filled with the molten metal; and (5) after the molten metal in the mold cavity is cooled to a set time under the condition of pressure maintaining, molding the casting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a die casting process of automobile parts, in particular to a vacuum die casting die for manufacturing a shock absorption tower and a vacuum die casting method of the shock absorption tower.
Background
The damping tower is also called a damper support and is a key bearing part on the automobile body, a damper of a suspension system, and a damping spring is arranged on the damping tower. The general structure is comparatively complicated, plays crucial effect to the travelling comfort of car, steering stability. In addition, with the requirement of light weight of automobiles, the adoption of aluminum alloy vacuum die-casting damping towers becomes a main manufacturing means of light damping towers. For example, the chinese patent publication No. 205927060 discloses a three-plate vacuum die-casting mold for a shock-absorbing tower of a vehicle body structural member, wherein the shock-absorbing tower is a cover-shaped thin-walled shell with a downward bent periphery, a circular through hole is formed in the upper end surface of the shell, the circular through hole protrudes out of the upper end surface, and a plurality of reinforcing ribs are radially distributed around the circular through hole. The die mainly comprises a movable die, a fixed die, a die opening and closing guide system, a pouring system and a casting ejection system, wherein the movable die comprises a movable die frame, a casting ejection system and two movable die cores, and the fixed die comprises a fixed die core, a fixed die sleeve plate and a runner insert. After the movable mold frame and the fixed mold sleeve plate are assembled, the quantitative furnace performs material feeding, the punch moves and blocks the feeding hole, the vacuum system opens the vacuum control pin to start vacuumizing, and when the movable mold frame and the fixed mold sleeve plate enter a high-speed inspiration position, the vacuumizing system is closed. And the punch is continuously pressed down, and the molten metal is filled at a high speed to fill the whole cavity. After gradually maintaining pressure and cooling, the second parting surface is opened by the movable mold and the fixed mold sleeve plate under the action of the oil cylinder, the sprue is broken with the cross gate at the second parting surface, the cake and the cross gate are remained in the second parting surface, and the sprue is remained on the casting; when the second parting surface is formed to the maximum, the movable die is driven to continue to open the die to the proper position under the action of the press, the ejection system pre-ejects the mandarin oranges, and the part taking and clamping castings continue to eject and take the parts. And (4) closing the die after spraying, resetting the ejection system of the die through a reset rod, completing one cycle, and entering the next cycle.
The vacuum die-casting die of the damping tower is complex in structural design, parting needs to be carried out twice, and a pouring channel and parts are not on the same parting surface, so that a casting and a flow channel are ejected out respectively. Meanwhile, the structural design of the fixed die is complex, runner inserts are arranged on the fixed die base plate, the back surface of the fixed die sleeve plate and the middle plate, the pouring system is complex in arrangement, and after molten metal is added from a feed port of the material cylinder, the molten metal is divided into two paths, enters the other two circular runners, corresponds to the middle part of the movable die core and flows to the die cavity from the middle to the periphery.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to provide a vacuum die-casting die and a vacuum die-casting method for manufacturing a shock absorption tower, which have the advantages of simple structure, more reasonable pouring system and good casting forming quality.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a vacuum die-casting die for manufacturing a damping tower comprises a fixed die, a movable die, an ejection system arranged in the movable die and a cooling system for cooling a die and a casting, wherein the ejection system can eject the casting out of a die cavity of the die after the die is opened; the fixed die comprises a fixed die base, a fixed die frame and two fixed die inserts, and the movable die comprises a movable die base, a movable die frame and two movable die inserts which correspond to and are matched with the fixed die inserts; the two fixed die inserts are arranged in the middle of the fixed die frame in a matching way, the two movable die inserts are arranged in the middle of the movable die frame in a matching way, and after the two fixed die inserts and the movable die inserts are assembled, two cavities matched with the appearance and the size of a casting are formed; a material cylinder with the top penetrating through the fixed die holder is arranged in the fixed die frame and on one side where the two fixed die inserts are attached, the material cylinder is cylindrical, a pressure chamber is formed in the hollow part of the material cylinder, a fixed die runner insert fixed at the side ends of the two fixed die inserts is arranged at the lower end of the material cylinder, an installation hole is arranged in the middle of the fixed die runner insert, a spreader cone with one end connected with the material cylinder and the other end extending out of the fixed die frame is arranged in the installation hole, and two runners are arranged on the outer wall of the spreader cone at intervals; a movable mould runner insert corresponding to the fixed mould runner insert is fixed at one side of the two movable mould inserts in the movable mould frame, two transverse main runners respectively communicated with the corresponding runners on the tap cone are arranged on the movable mould runner insert, two transition cross runners with the end parts communicated with the corresponding transverse main runners are respectively arranged on the two movable mould inserts, a plurality of inner gates are respectively arranged at the opposite sides of the two transition cross runners and the movable mould inserts at intervals, and the width of each inner gate is gradually increased from one end of the transition cross runner to one end of the movable mould insert and is horn-shaped; a plurality of overflow grooves are formed in the periphery of the cavities of the two movable die inserts at intervals; the side ends of the fixed die insert and the movable die insert, which are opposite to the fixed die insert and the movable die insert, are respectively and fixedly provided with a fixed die exhaust groove insert and a movable die exhaust groove insert, the fixed die exhaust groove insert and the movable die exhaust groove insert form a cavity exhaust groove after being assembled, then the cavity exhaust groove is communicated with an overflow groove through exhaust channels arranged on the fixed die insert and the fixed die insert, and the tail end of the exhaust groove is connected with a vacuum pumping system outside the die. Thus, after the fixed die insert and the movable die insert are assembled, two cavities can be formed, and two castings can be die-cast at one time. The number of the arranged parting surfaces is only one, the flow passage and the casting are arranged on one parting surface, and the casting can be ejected out once after the mold is opened. During pouring, molten metal flows to the sprue through the main pouring channel formed by the pressure chamber, is guided to the left side and the right side through the sprue respectively and corresponds to the two cavities, and then flows to the transition cross pouring channel on the movable mould core through the transverse main flow channel on the fixed mould insert and the movable mould insert, and each ingate of the molten metal sprue is led into the cavity through the transition cross pouring channel. Above-mentioned molten metal gating system is in die cavity one side, and the molten metal flows to the other end from the one end of die cavity gradually until being full of whole die cavity, and this kind of process of dashing the type from die cavity one side to the opposite side fast can adapt to the size great, and the less shock attenuation tower pouring requirement of wall thickness. Meanwhile, after the pouring structure is adopted, only the exhaust groove is arranged at the tail end for vacuumizing, the design difficulty of an overflow discharge system in the mold can be effectively reduced, and the overflow discharge system is simplified, so that the mold structure is simpler. The overflow groove can exhaust gas, control the flow state of molten metal and transfer the position of cold shut and shrinkage porosity which are easy to occur in the casting. The exhaust groove is the wave, can slow down the flow velocity of molten metal, avoids the molten metal to cause vacuum pumping system's damage in the exhaust groove gets into vacuum pump of vacuum pumping system, and simultaneously, the exhaust groove is inserted and is inserted the assembly by cover half exhaust and movable mould exhaust and form, can effectively promote the mould life-span.
Further, the ejection system comprises a push plate die frame connected between the movable die holder and the movable die frame, a sliding groove is formed in the middle of the push plate die frame, a push plate and a push plate fixing plate are installed in the sliding groove, the push plate is fixed on the push plate fixing plate, a plurality of push rods are fixedly installed on the push plate fixing plate, the side ends of the push rods penetrate through the movable die frame and abut against the parting surface of the movable die core, each overflow groove, the exhaust groove and the exhaust passage, and the push rods are transversely arranged; the push plate runs through the movable mould base and the push plate die frame through the die casting machine ejector rod and then offsets with the push plate, and the push plate, the push plate fixing plate and the push rod are driven to slide together. Like this, the push pedal framed that sets up can play the supporting role to the movable mould framed, simultaneously, the setting of the push pedal of still being convenient for, the spout in the push pedal framed provides sufficient space for the slip of push pedal to can play the effect to the push pedal direction. When the ejection system operates, the ejector rod of the die casting machine pushes the push plate, the push plate fixing plate and the push rod to move, so that the cooled casting and the casting excess material are ejected together.
Furthermore, a plurality of limiting blocks fixed with the push plate are further arranged in the sliding groove. Like this, when the stopper that sets up can avoid the push pedal return, with the die holder hard contact that moves, can effectively improve the life of push pedal.
Furthermore, a plurality of push plate guide sleeves and push plate guide pillars are fixed on the push plate die frame, the side ends of the push plate guide sleeves penetrate through the push plate and the push plate fixing plate and are fixed at one end of the movable die frame facing the movable die seat, and the push plate guide sleeves are sleeved on the push plate guide pillars. Therefore, the guide pillar and the guide sleeve can effectively limit the sliding direction of the push plate and guide the push plate.
Furthermore, a plurality of reset rods with side ends penetrating through the movable mold frame are further arranged on the push plate, and the reset rods are located on the outer side of the movable mold insert and abut against the mold closing end of the fixed mold frame during mold closing. Thus, the reset rod can reset the push plate and the push rod when the mold is closed.
Further, cooling system all is equipped with many cover half cooling channel of mutual UNICOM in establishing in the cover half framed, in the cover half inlay piece, in the cover half runner inlay piece, the sprue spreader to and establish in the movable mould framed, in the movable mould inlay piece, in the movable mould runner inlay piece all be equipped with many movable mould cooling channel of mutual UNICOM, all be equipped with the coolant liquid in cover half cooling channel and the movable mould cooling channel, the coolant liquid advances from cover half cooling channel, movable mould cooling channel's one end, and the other end goes out to realize circulating flow through a coolant liquid circulation system. Therefore, the fixed die frame, the fixed die insert, the sprue spreader, the movable die frame, the movable die insert and the movable die runner insert are partially in direct contact with molten metal, so that the parts are heated higher in the using process, and after the cooling channels are arranged in the parts, the molten metal can be rapidly cooled, and the cooling of each thin-wall part is enhanced.
The vacuum die-casting method of the shock absorption tower is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1, analyzing the product structure, determining the design criteria of the mould according to the product structure, determining the type and structure of the mould, drawing a vacuum die-casting mould for manufacturing the damping tower by adopting three-dimensional software, and simultaneously preliminarily calculating the sizes of the cavity and the core and the size of a pouring system; s2, simulating the vacuum die casting process through Anycasting numerical simulation software according to the die structure drawn by the three-dimensional software in the S1 to determine the movement stroke and speed of the punch, the injection pressure of the punch, the vacuum starting and stopping conditions, the cooling medium supply condition, the cooling temperature of a cooling system, the calculation of cooling time and the circulation process time required by one-time die casting; s3, further optimizing the die structure according to the process design requirements in S2 to enable the die structure to meet the casting design requirements, and manufacturing the vacuum die-casting die according to the optimized design of the die structure; s4, in a die assembly state, adding molten metal into a pressure chamber from a feed inlet of a material cylinder, moving a punch and plugging the feed inlet, starting a vacuum-pumping system to start vacuum-pumping, and closing the vacuum-pumping system when the molten metal enters a pouring gate position; the punch continues to move at a high speed, the molten metal respectively enters the two transverse main runners through the sprue spreader, then enters the cavity through the transition cross gate and the inner gate which are communicated with the two transverse main runners, and the cavity is quickly filled with the molten metal; s5, after the molten metal in the cavity is cooled to a set time under the condition of pressure maintaining, the casting is formed; s6, starting the die casting machine to drive the movable die to move, after the die is opened, starting the ejection system, ejecting the casting out of the die cavity through a push rod on the ejection system, and realizing the demoulding of the casting; and S6, after the casting is demoulded, the die casting machine carries out jacking closing on the movable die to realize die closing, the reset rod is abutted against the fixed die frame while the die is closed, the jacking system returns to the initial position to complete one cycle and enter the next cycle. Like this, design die casting die according to the shock attenuation tower appearance and the size of wanting to make earlier, after rethread puts into the mould simulation software and carries out the simulation operation, according to setting for the operation setting of inputing different stages, in order to confirm the optimal solution, finally according to the optimal solution who confirms, modify the mould design draft, confirm the required operating parameter of each operation stage simultaneously, and design the preparation mould according to the mould after the modification, and simultaneously, cast according to the required operating parameter of each stage that confirms, thereby effectively save the cost of manufacture, make the product of casting reach the effect of the optimal operation of simulation operation, make the casting product shaping rate high, and the quality can obtain guaranteeing.
Further, the movement of the punch is divided into a low-speed movement stage and a high-speed movement stage; the low-speed movement distance is 820 and 840mm, and the low-speed movement speed is 0.18-0.22 m/s; the high-speed movement distance is 210 mm and 230mm, and the high-speed movement speed is 4.2-5.0 m/s. And when the punch blocks the feed inlet, starting the vacuumizing system, vacuumizing the die cavity to ensure that the vacuum pressure value of the die cavity is 30-40KPa, and when the punch moves to a high-speed switching position, closing the vacuumizing system outside the die. The temperature of the casting metal liquid is 660-680 ℃, the preheating temperature of the die is 180-220 ℃, and the injection pressure is 60-65 MPa. The cooling medium is arranged in the mold and is cooling water, and the cooling water circularly flows in the mold.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a shock tower to be fabricated in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a view of a fixed mold after mold opening in the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a view of the moving mold after the mold opening in the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the die casting mold assembly shown in FIG. 3 along the direction K-K;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the die casting mold assembly shown in FIG. 3 in the direction H-H;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a movable mold and a gating system in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 2-6, the vacuum die-casting mold for manufacturing the shock absorbing tower provided by the embodiment comprises a fixed mold, a movable mold, an ejection system arranged in the movable mold, and a cooling system for cooling the mold and a casting, wherein the ejection system can eject the casting out of the mold after the mold is opened; the fixed die comprises a fixed die holder 1, a fixed die frame 2 and two fixed die inserts 3, and the movable die comprises a movable die holder 11, a movable die frame 13 and two movable die inserts 14 which correspond to and are matched with the fixed die inserts 3; the two fixed die inserts 3 are arranged in the middle of the fixed die frame 2 in a matching way, the two movable die inserts 14 are arranged in the middle of the movable die frame 13 in a matching way, and after the two fixed die inserts 3 and the movable die inserts 14 are assembled, two cavities matched with the shape and the size of a casting are formed; a material cylinder 4 with the right side penetrating through the fixed die holder is arranged in the fixed die frame 2 and on one side where the two fixed die inserts 3 are attached, the material cylinder 4 is cylindrical, a pressure chamber which is horizontally arranged is formed in the hollow part of the material cylinder 4, a fixed die runner insert 7 fixed at the side end of the two fixed die inserts 3 is arranged at the lower end of the material cylinder 4, a mounting hole is arranged in the middle of the fixed die runner insert 7, a spreader 6 with one end connected with the material cylinder 4 and the other end extending out of the fixed die frame 2 is arranged in the mounting hole, and two runners are arranged on the outer wall of the spreader 6 at intervals; a movable mold runner insert 8 corresponding to the fixed mold runner insert 7 is fixed in the movable mold frame 13 and on one side of the two movable mold inserts 14, two transverse main runners 81 respectively communicated with the corresponding runners on the tap cone 6 are arranged on the movable mold runner insert 8, two transition cross runners 141 with end parts communicated with the corresponding transverse main runners 81 are respectively arranged on the two movable mold inserts 14, a plurality of inner gates 142 are respectively arranged on one sides of the two transition cross runners 141 opposite to the movable mold inserts 14 at intervals, and the width of each inner gate 142 is gradually increased from one end of the transition cross runner 141 to one end of the movable mold insert and is in a horn shape; a plurality of overflow grooves 24 are arranged at intervals around the cavities of the two movable die inserts 14; a fixed die exhaust groove insert 9 and a movable die exhaust groove insert 10 are respectively and fixedly mounted on the opposite sides of the fixed die runner insert 7 and the movable die runner insert 8 and the side ends of each fixed die insert 3 and each movable die insert 14, the fixed die exhaust groove insert 9 and the movable die exhaust groove insert 10 are assembled to form a cavity exhaust groove, then the cavity exhaust groove is communicated with an overflow groove 26 through exhaust channels 25 arranged on a fixed die core and a fixed die core, and the tail end of the exhaust groove is connected with a vacuum pumping system outside the die.
The spreader cone 6 in this embodiment has the function of preventing molten metal from flowing reversely when the cavity is filled, and preventing the molten metal from splashing when the mold is locked. A sprue bush 5 is further arranged between the material cylinder 4 and the spreader cone 6, and the spreader cone 6 is sleeved in the sprue bush 5. In addition, in order to avoid the abrasion of the die caused by the direct contact between the material cylinder and the die, a lining is sleeved outside the length of the sprue of the pressure chamber entering the die (namely the pressing end of the material cylinder 4).
As shown in fig. 1, three assembly holes are circumferentially and equidistantly formed in a circular boss of the damping tower to be manufactured in the embodiment, based on the design, three fixed mold cores 23 are further arranged in the fixed mold and abut against the movable mold insert at the lower end, and the fixed mold cores 23 are circumferentially and equidistantly distributed and correspond to the three assembly holes of the damping tower.
The ejection system comprises a push plate mold frame 12 connected between a movable mold base 11 and a movable mold frame 13, a sliding groove is arranged in the middle of the push plate mold frame 12, a push plate 17 and a push plate fixing plate 18 are installed in the sliding groove, the push plate 17 is fixed on the push plate fixing plate 18, a plurality of push rods 19 are fixedly installed on the push plate fixing plate 18, the side ends of the push rods penetrate through the movable mold frame 13 and abut against the parting surface of the movable mold core, each overflow groove 24, an exhaust groove and an exhaust passage 25, and the push rods 19 are transversely arranged; the push plate 17 runs through the movable die holder 11 and the push plate die frame 12 through the die casting machine ejector rod 15 and then abuts against the push plate 17, and the push plate 17, the push plate fixing plate 18 and the push rod 19 are driven to horizontally slide towards the fixed die together. A plurality of limiting blocks 16 with the upper ends fixed with the push plate 17 are also arranged in the sliding groove. A plurality of push plate guide sleeves 21 and push plate guide posts 20 are fixed on the push plate die frame 12, the side ends of the push plate guide sleeves penetrate through the push plate 17 and the push plate fixing plate 18 and are fixed at the lower end of the movable die frame 13, and the push plate guide sleeves 21 are sleeved on the push plate guide posts 20.
The push plate 17 is also provided with a plurality of reset rods 22 with side ends penetrating through the movable mold frame 13, and the reset rods 22 are positioned outside the movable mold insert 14 and are abutted against the fixed mold frame 2 during mold closing.
Cooling system all is equipped with many cover half cooling channel of mutual UNICOM in establishing in cover half framed 2, cover half insert in 3, cover half runner insert 7, the sprue 6 to and establish in movable mould framed 13, in the movable mould insert 14, the movable mould runner insert 8 in all be equipped with many movable mould cooling channel of mutual UNICOM, all be equipped with the coolant liquid in cover half cooling channel and the movable mould cooling channel, the coolant liquid advances from cover half cooling channel, movable mould cooling channel's one end, and the other end goes out to realize the circulatory flow through a coolant liquid circulation system.
A die casting method of a shock tower comprises the following steps: s1, analyzing the product structure, determining the design criteria of the mould according to the product structure, determining the type and structure of the mould, drawing a vacuum die-casting mould for manufacturing the damping tower by adopting three-dimensional software, and simultaneously preliminarily calculating the sizes of the cavity and the core and the size of a pouring system; s2, simulating the vacuum die casting process through Anycasting numerical simulation software according to the die structure drawn by the three-dimensional software in the S1 to determine the movement stroke and speed of the punch, the injection pressure of the punch, the vacuum starting and stopping conditions, the cooling medium supply condition, the cooling temperature of a cooling system, the calculation of cooling time and the circulation process time required by one-time die casting; s3, further optimizing the die structure according to the process design requirements in S2 to enable the die structure to meet the casting design requirements, and manufacturing the vacuum die-casting die according to the optimized design of the die structure; s4, in a die assembly state, adding molten metal into a pressure chamber from a feed inlet of a material cylinder, moving a punch and plugging the feed inlet, starting a vacuum-pumping system to start vacuum-pumping, and closing the vacuum-pumping system when the molten metal enters a pouring gate position; the punch continues to move at a high speed, the molten metal respectively enters the two transverse main runners through the sprue spreader, then enters the cavity through the transition cross gate and the inner gate which are communicated with the two transverse main runners, and the cavity is quickly filled with the molten metal; s5, after the molten metal in the cavity is cooled to a set time under the condition of pressure maintaining, the casting is formed; s6, starting the die casting machine to drive the movable die to move, after the die is opened, starting the ejection system, ejecting the casting out of the die cavity through a push rod on the ejection system, and realizing the demoulding of the casting; and S6, after the casting is demoulded, the die casting machine carries out jacking closing on the movable die to realize die closing, the reset rod is abutted against the fixed die frame while the die is closed, the jacking system returns to the initial position to complete one cycle and enter the next cycle. Like this, design die casting die according to the shock attenuation tower appearance and the size of wanting to make earlier, after rethread puts into the mould simulation software and carries out the simulation operation, according to setting for the operation setting of inputing different stages, in order to confirm the optimal solution, finally according to the optimal solution who confirms, modify the mould design draft, confirm the required operating parameter of each operation stage simultaneously, and design the preparation mould according to the mould after the modification, and simultaneously, cast according to the required operating parameter of each stage that confirms, thereby effectively save the cost of manufacture, make the product of casting reach the effect of the optimal operation of simulation operation, make the casting product shaping rate high, and the quality can obtain guaranteeing.
Further, the movement of the punch is divided into a low-speed movement stage and a high-speed movement stage; the low-speed movement distance is 820 and 840mm, and the low-speed movement speed is 0.18-0.22 m/s; the high-speed movement distance is 210 mm and 230mm, and the high-speed movement speed is 4.2-5.0 m/s. And when the punch blocks the feed inlet, starting the vacuumizing system, vacuumizing the die cavity to ensure that the vacuum pressure value of the die cavity is 30-40KPa, and when the punch moves to a high-speed switching position, closing the vacuumizing system outside the die. The temperature of the casting metal liquid is 660-680 ℃, the preheating temperature of the die is 180-220 ℃, and the injection pressure is 60-65 MPa. The cooling medium is arranged in the mold and is cooling water, and the cooling water circularly flows in the mold.
After a casting is demoulded, before a next die-casting treatment is to be carried out, die-casting coatings are required to be coated in a fixed die insert, a movable die insert, a fixed die runner insert, a movable die runner insert, an overflow groove, an exhaust channel, a fixed die exhaust groove insert, a movable die exhaust groove insert and a pressure chamber, the die-casting coatings are DFY-1 type water-based coatings, the manufacturing method is that water is added into a finished product, and the dilution ratio is 1: 15.
after the die-casting coating is adopted, the die-casting coating has the following beneficial effects: (1) an effective isolation protective layer is provided between the die-casting alloy and the die, so that the metal liquid is prevented from directly washing the surfaces of the die cavity and the die core, and the working condition of the die is improved. (2) The heat conductivity of the die is reduced, the fluidity of the molten metal is maintained, and the formability of the metal is improved. (3) The lubricating performance is kept good at high temperature, the friction between the die casting and a die forming part, particularly a mold core, is reduced, the die casting is convenient to push out, and the surface quality of the die casting is improved. (4) Preventing sticking.
The die casting cavity is directly contacted with molten metal with high temperature, high pressure and high speed, and the temperature changes greatly in a short time, so that the working environment of the die casting die is very severe, and the selection of die casting die materials should be careful. The forming work parts belong to high-heat and strong-heat die steel according to the performance. Other parts also need to be subjected to heat treatment, and in order to ensure the heat treatment quality and avoid distortion, cracking, decarburization, oxidation and the like, the parts can be quenched in a high-pressure air-cooled vacuum furnace.
In the selection of the die casting process parameters, the temperature parameters are usually crucial, the selection of the pouring temperature and the preheating temperature of the die casting mold is very precise, and the temperatures of the pouring temperature and the preheating temperature of the die casting mold jointly form the thermal factor of the die casting mold. In order to ensure the stability of filling and the stability of casting quality, and to maintain good filling conditions, a reasonably controllable temperature range is required.
(1) Pouring temperature
The pouring temperature is the average temperature of the molten metal entering the cavity from the pressure chamber, and is generally expressed by the temperature of the molten metal in the heat preservation furnace because the temperature of the molten metal in the pressure chamber is inconvenient to measure. The choice of pouring temperature is influenced by factors such as alloy fluidity, structural characteristics of the casting and the like. When a higher pouring temperature is adopted, the fluidity of the molten metal is good, the performance quality of the casting is good, but the accompanying problems are that the service life of the die is short, the die sticking phenomenon is easy to generate, the casting is easy to generate cracks, and the crystal grains are large; the metal liquid fluidity is poor at the lower pouring temperature, the surface quality of the casting is poor, the exhaust effect is good, the shrinkage of the casting is small, and the damage degree to the mold is small.
Usually, the lowest possible pouring temperature is used, while ensuring the quality of the shape and the surface of the cast part. Generally 20-30 c above the liquidus temperature of the metal and the casting temperature used in this example is set at 670 c.
(2) Temperature of the mold
The mold temperature refers to the temperature of the mold during continuous work, and the mold is preheated before mold filling, so that the phenomenon that the metal liquid rapidly and extremely cools to lose fluidity can be avoided, the expansion crack of a casting can be avoided, and the service life of the mold is prolonged. The mold temperature used in this example was set at 220 ℃.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and although the present invention has been described in detail by referring to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of the present invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all the modifications and equivalent substitutions should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A vacuum die-casting die for manufacturing a damping tower comprises a fixed die, a movable die, an ejection system arranged in the movable die and a cooling system for cooling a die and a casting, wherein the ejection system can eject the casting out of a die cavity of the die after the die is opened; the fixed die is characterized by comprising a fixed die holder (1), a fixed die frame (2) and two fixed die inserts (3), wherein the movable die comprises a movable die holder (11), a movable die frame (13) and two movable die inserts (14) which correspond to and are matched with the fixed die inserts (3); the two fixed die inserts (3) are installed inside the fixed die frame (2) in a matching mode, the two movable die inserts (14) are installed in the middle of the movable die frame (13) in a matching mode, and after the two fixed die inserts (3) and the two movable die inserts (14) are assembled, two cavities matched with the shape and the size of a casting are formed; a material cylinder (4) with the right side penetrating through the fixed die holder is arranged in the fixed die frame (2) and on one side where the two fixed die inserts (3) are attached, the material cylinder (4) is cylindrical, a pressure chamber is formed in the hollow part of the material cylinder, a fixed die runner insert (7) fixed at the side ends of the two fixed die inserts (3) is arranged on the left side of the material cylinder (4), a mounting hole is arranged in the middle of the fixed die runner insert (7), a spreader cone (6) with one end connected with the material cylinder (4) and the other end extending out of the fixed die frame (2) is arranged in the mounting hole, and two runners are arranged on the outer wall of the spreader cone (6) at intervals; a movable mould runner insert (8) corresponding to the fixed mould runner insert (7) is fixed in the movable mould frame (13) and on one side of the two movable mould inserts (14), two transverse main runners (81) respectively communicated with the corresponding runners on the tap cone (6) are arranged on the movable mould runner insert (8), two transition cross runners (141) with end parts communicated with the corresponding transverse main runners (81) are respectively arranged on the two movable mould inserts (14), a plurality of inner gates (142) are respectively arranged on one sides of the two transition cross runners (141) opposite to the movable mould inserts (14) at intervals, and the width of each inner gate (142) is gradually increased from one end of the transition cross runner (141) to one end of the movable mould insert (14) and is horn-shaped; a plurality of overflow grooves (24) are arranged around the cavities of the two moving die inserts (14) and the two fixed die inserts (3) at intervals; a fixed die exhaust groove insert (9) and a movable die exhaust groove insert (10) are respectively and fixedly installed on the opposite sides of the fixed die runner insert (7) and the movable die runner insert (8) and the side ends of each fixed die insert (3) and each movable die insert (14), the fixed die exhaust groove insert (9) and the movable die exhaust groove insert (10) are assembled to form a cavity exhaust groove, then the cavity exhaust groove is communicated with an overflow groove (24) through exhaust channels (25) arranged on the fixed die insert (14) and the fixed die insert (13), and the tail end of the cavity exhaust groove is connected with a vacuum pumping system outside the die.
2. The vacuum die-casting mold for manufacturing the shock absorbing tower as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ejection system comprises a push plate mold frame (12) connected between a movable mold base (11) and a movable mold frame (13), a sliding groove is formed in the middle of the push plate mold frame (12), a push plate (17) and a push plate fixing plate (18) are installed in the sliding groove, the push plate fixing plate (18) is fixed on the push plate (17), a plurality of push rods (19) which penetrate through the movable mold frame (13) at the right side and are abutted against a parting surface of the movable mold base, overflow grooves (24), an exhaust groove and an exhaust passage (25) are fixedly installed on the push plate fixing plate (18), and the push rods (19) are transversely arranged; the push plate (17) penetrates through the movable die holder (11) and the push plate die frame (12) through the ejector rod (15) of the die casting machine and then abuts against the push plate (17), and the push plate (17), the push plate fixing plate (18) and the push rod (19) are driven to slide together.
3. The vacuum die-casting mold for manufacturing the shock absorbing tower as claimed in claim 2, wherein a plurality of stoppers (16) fixed with the push plate (17) are further provided in the slide groove.
4. The vacuum die-casting mold for manufacturing the shock absorbing tower as claimed in claim 2, wherein a plurality of push plate guide sleeves (21) and push plate guide pillars (20) having side ends penetrating through the push plate (17) and the push plate fixing plate (18) are fixed on the push plate mold frame (12), and the push plate guide sleeves (21) are sleeved on the push plate guide pillars (20).
5. The vacuum die-casting mold for manufacturing the shock absorbing tower as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein a plurality of reset rods (22) with side ends penetrating through the movable mold frame (13) are further arranged on the push plate (17), and the reset rods (22) are positioned outside the movable mold insert (14) and abut against the mold closing end of the fixed mold frame (2) during mold closing.
6. The vacuum die-casting die for manufacturing the shock absorbing tower as claimed in claim 5, wherein the cooling system comprises a plurality of mutually communicated fixed die cooling channels arranged in the fixed die frame (2), the fixed die insert (3), the fixed die runner insert (7) and the spreader cone (6), and a plurality of mutually communicated movable die cooling channels arranged in the movable die frame (13), the movable die insert (14) and the movable die runner insert (8), wherein the fixed die cooling channels and the movable die cooling channels are respectively provided with cooling liquid, and the cooling liquid enters from one end and exits from the other end of the fixed die cooling channels and the movable die cooling channels and realizes circular flow through a cooling liquid circulating system.
7. The vacuum die-casting method of the shock absorption tower is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1, analyzing the product structure, determining the design criteria of the mould according to the product structure, determining the type and structure of the mould, drawing a vacuum die-casting mould for manufacturing the damping tower by adopting three-dimensional software, and simultaneously preliminarily calculating the sizes of the cavity and the core and the size of a pouring system; s2, simulating the vacuum die casting process through Anycasting numerical simulation software according to the casting system drawn by the three-dimensional software in the S1 to determine the movement stroke and speed of the punch, the injection pressure of the punch, the vacuum starting and stopping conditions, the cooling medium supply condition, the cooling temperature of the cooling system, the calculation of the cooling time and the cycle process time required by one-time die casting; s3, further optimizing the die structure according to the process design requirements in S2 to make the die structure meet the casting design requirements, and manufacturing the vacuum die-casting die in and out claim 5 according to the optimized design of the die structure; s4, in a die closing state, adding molten metal into the pressure chamber from the feed inlet of the material cylinder (4), moving the punch and plugging the feed inlet, starting the vacuumizing system to vacuumize, and closing the vacuumizing system when the punch moves to a high-speed switching position; the punch head continues to move at a high speed, molten metal enters the two transverse main flow channels (81) through the sprue spreader respectively, then enters the cavity through a transition cross gate (141) and an inner gate (142) communicated with the two transverse main flow channels (81), and the cavity is filled quickly; s5, after the molten metal in the cavity is cooled to a set time under the condition of pressure maintaining, the casting is formed; s6, starting the die casting machine to drive the movable die to move, after the die is opened, starting the ejection system, ejecting the casting out of the die through a push rod (19) on the ejection system, and realizing the demolding of the casting; and S6, after the casting is demoulded, the die casting machine closes the movable die, the reset rod (22) abuts against the fixed die frame (2) when the movable die is closed, the ejection system returns to the initial position, one cycle is completed, and the next cycle is started.
8. The vacuum die casting method of a shock tower according to claim 7, wherein the movement of the punch is divided into a low speed movement stage and a high speed movement stage; the low-speed movement distance is 820 and 840mm, and the low-speed movement speed is 0.18-0.22 m/s; the high-speed movement distance is 210 mm and 230mm, and the high-speed movement speed is 4.2-5.0 m/s.
9. The vacuum die-casting method of the shock absorbing tower as claimed in claim 7, wherein when the punch blocks the feed port, the vacuum-pumping system is started to vacuum the cavity of the mold to a vacuum pressure value of 30-40KPa, and when the punch moves to the high-speed switching position, the vacuum-pumping system outside the mold is closed.
10. The vacuum die casting method for the shock absorption tower as recited in claim 7, wherein the temperature of the casting metal liquid is 660-680 ℃, the preheating temperature of the die is 180-220 ℃, and the injection pressure is 60-65 MPa.
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| CN202110762368.1A CN113333713A (en) | 2021-07-06 | 2021-07-06 | Vacuum die-casting die for manufacturing shock absorption tower and vacuum die-casting method of shock absorption tower |
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