CN113333441A - Fly ash treatment system - Google Patents
Fly ash treatment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113333441A CN113333441A CN202110699265.5A CN202110699265A CN113333441A CN 113333441 A CN113333441 A CN 113333441A CN 202110699265 A CN202110699265 A CN 202110699265A CN 113333441 A CN113333441 A CN 113333441A
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- liquid mixing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention relates to a treatment system of fly ash. The system comprises: the system comprises an incinerator, a waste heat boiler, a deacidification tower and a dust remover; the system also comprises a solid-liquid mixing device, a first solution treatment device and an electrolysis device which are connected in sequence; the solid-liquid mixing device is used for receiving water and fly ash generated by the deacidification tower and the dust remover so as to form a mixed solution in the solid-liquid mixing device; the first solution treatment device is used for: obtaining heat from a waste heat boiler; concentrating the solution supplied by the solid-liquid mixing device by using the heat to obtain high-purity water and a concentrated solution; introducing high-purity water into a solid-liquid mixing device and introducing the concentrated solution into an electrolysis device; wherein the solution supplied by the solid-liquid mixing device is a solution obtained by naturally precipitating the mixed solution; the electrolysis device is used for electrolyzing the received solution to obtain product gas; wherein the product gas comprises hydrogen and chlorine. The scheme can carry out resource utilization on the fly ash generated by burning the solid waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fly ash treatment, in particular to a fly ash treatment system.
Background
Fly ash generated by waste incineration contains a large amount of heavy metals and dioxin pollutants.
In the prior art, the main treatment mode of the fly ash is chelation-solidification-landfill, but the landfill can occupy a large amount of land resources, and the potential environmental hazard caused by long-term leaching of chlorine salt and heavy metal in the fly ash is difficult to eradicate. The fly ash can be recycled by utilizing a heat treatment technology, for example, building material products such as glass, cement, ceramsite and the like can be prepared. However, the high content of chlorine in the fly ash can affect the quality of building material products, which is not favorable for the resource utilization of the fly ash.
Therefore, there is a need for a fly ash disposal system to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a treatment system of fly ash, which is used for carrying out resource utilization on fly ash generated by burning solid waste.
The embodiment of the invention provides a fly ash treatment system, which sequentially comprises the following components in the flow direction of flue gas: the system comprises an incinerator, a waste heat boiler, a deacidification tower and a dust remover;
the system also comprises a solid-liquid mixing device, a first solution treatment device and an electrolysis device which are connected in sequence;
the solid-liquid mixing device is used for receiving water and fly ash generated by the deacidification tower and the dust remover so as to form a mixed solution in the solid-liquid mixing device;
the first solution treatment device is used for: acquiring heat from the waste heat boiler; concentrating the solution supplied by the solid-liquid mixing device by using the heat to obtain high-purity water and a concentrated solution; introducing high-purity water into the solid-liquid mixing device and introducing the concentrated solution into the electrolysis device; wherein the solution supplied by the solid-liquid mixing device is a solution obtained by naturally precipitating the mixed solution;
the electrolysis device is used for electrolyzing the received solution to obtain product gas; wherein the product gas comprises hydrogen and chlorine.
In a possible design, the solid-liquid mixing device is provided with a rotating shaft, a plurality of stirring paddles are arranged on the whole body of the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is rotated to enable the stirring paddles to stir the mixed solution.
In one possible design, further comprising: a buffer pool;
the buffer pool is connected with the electrolysis device;
the buffer pool is used for: receiving an alkaline solution supplied by a cathode side of the electrolysis device; receiving the flue gas supplied by the dust remover to react with the alkaline solution in the buffer pool by utilizing the carbon dioxide gas in the flue gas to form a bicarbonate solution; the formed bicarbonate solution is passed to the cathode side of the electrolysis device.
In one possible design, further comprising: a second solution treatment device;
the second solution treatment device is connected between the solid-liquid mixing device and the first solution treatment device, and is also connected with the cathode side of the electrolysis device;
the second solution treatment device is used for receiving the solution supplied by the solid-liquid mixing device and the alkaline solution generated by the cathode side of the electrolysis device so as to generate alkaline precipitates by utilizing the reaction of the alkaline solution and calcium and magnesium ions in the solution supplied by the solid-liquid mixing device.
In one possible design, the outlet end of the dust remover is connected with the second solution treatment device and is used for introducing flue gas into the second solution treatment device.
In one possible design, a primary filtration membrane for filtering insoluble substances in the solution supplied from the solid-liquid mixing device is provided between the solid-liquid mixing device and the second solution treatment device.
In one possible embodiment, a secondary filter membrane is arranged between the first solution treatment device and the second solution treatment device, and is used for filtering alkaline precipitates in the solution flowing out of the second solution treatment device.
In one possible embodiment, the electrolysis device further comprises a diaphragm or an ionic membrane between the cathode side and the anode side, the end face of the diaphragm or the ionic membrane facing the cathode side being provided with a semi-permeable membrane for passing ions and capable of adsorbing alkaline precipitates.
According to the scheme, the treatment system provided by the invention is provided with the solid-liquid mixing device, so that the fly ash generated by the deacidification tower and the dust remover can be mixed with water in the solid-liquid mixing device, and soluble chloride in the fly ash can be dissolved in the water, so that the chlorine content in the fly ash is reduced; then, the solution supplied by the solid-liquid mixing device is concentrated by utilizing the first solution treatment device and then is introduced into the electrolysis device, high-purity water can be generated in the process, and the generated high-purity water can continuously flow back to the solid-liquid mixing device so as to realize the reutilization of water resources; since the soluble chloride salt in the fly ash can be dissolved in water, the solution received by the electrolysis device is rich in chloride ions, so that the received solution can be electrolyzed by the electrolysis device to obtain the product gas. Therefore, the technical scheme realizes resource utilization of the fly ash generated by burning the solid waste.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fly ash treatment system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid-liquid mixing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a fly ash treatment system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a fly ash treatment system according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for treating fly ash according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
10-an incinerator;
20-a waste heat boiler;
30-a deacidification tower;
40-a dust remover;
1-a solid-liquid mixing device;
11-a rotating shaft;
12-a stirring paddle;
21-a first solution treatment device;
22-a second solution treatment device;
3-an electrolysis device;
4-buffer pool.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer and more complete, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention, and based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for treating fly ash according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, the flue gas sequentially includes, in the flow direction of the flue gas: the incinerator 10, the waste heat boiler 20, the deacidification tower 30 and the dust remover 40;
the system also comprises a solid-liquid mixing device 1, a first solution treatment device 21 and an electrolysis device 3 which are connected in sequence;
the solid-liquid mixing device 1 is used for receiving water and fly ash generated by the deacidification tower 30 and the dust remover 40 so as to form a mixed solution in the solid-liquid mixing device 1;
the first solution processing apparatus 21 is for: obtaining heat from the waste heat boiler 20; concentrating the solution supplied from the solid-liquid mixing device 1 by using the heat to obtain high-purity water and a concentrated solution; introducing high-purity water into a solid-liquid mixing device 1 and introducing the concentrated solution into an electrolysis device 3; wherein the solution supplied by the solid-liquid mixing device 1 is a solution obtained by natural precipitation of a mixed solution;
the electrolysis device 3 is used for electrolyzing the received solution to obtain product gas; wherein the product gas comprises hydrogen and chlorine.
In the embodiment, the solid-liquid mixing device 1 is arranged, so that the fly ash generated by the deacidification tower 30 and the dust remover 40 can be mixed with water in the solid-liquid mixing device 1, soluble chloride in the fly ash can be dissolved in the water, and the chlorine content in the fly ash is further reduced; then, the solution supplied by the solid-liquid mixing device 1 is concentrated by the first solution treatment device 21 and then is introduced into the electrolysis device 3, high-purity water can be generated in the process, and the generated high-purity water can continuously flow back to the solid-liquid mixing device 1 so as to realize the reutilization of water resources; since the soluble chloride salt in the fly ash is dissolved in the water, the solution received by the electrolysis device 3 is rich in chloride ions, so that the electrolysis device 3 can be used for electrolyzing the received solution to obtain the product gas. Therefore, the technical scheme realizes resource utilization of the fly ash generated by burning the solid waste.
It can be understood that the fly ash is the sediment of the mixed solution after natural sedimentation, and in order to discharge the part of the fly ash out of the solid-liquid mixing device 1 in real time, a plurality of through holes can be arranged at the bottom of the solid-liquid mixing device 1, so that the fly ash after natural sedimentation can be discharged through the through holes, and the chlorine-containing solution is positioned above the sediment and can be supplied to the first solution treatment device 21.
In some embodiments, the first solution processing apparatus 21 may be concentrated by using a concentration membrane, and the heat generated by the waste heat boiler 20 may be utilized because the concentration process requires heat.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid-liquid mixing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, a solid-liquid mixing device 1 is provided with a rotating shaft 11, a plurality of stirring paddles 12 are provided on the circumference of the rotating shaft 11, and the stirring paddles 12 stir a mixed solution by rotating the rotating shaft 11.
In this embodiment, the rotating shaft 61 in the solid-liquid mixing device 6 drives the stirring paddle 62 to rotate, so that the fly ash and water can be mixed more sufficiently, the soluble chloride in the fly ash can be more easily dissolved in water, and the chlorine content in the fly ash can be further reduced. In some embodiments, the rotation speed of the stirring paddle 12 is 40-60 r/min.
Not only the soluble chloride salt in the fly ash dissolves in water, but also the substances (e.g., metal oxides) containing elements such as sodium, calcium, and magnesium in the fly ash dissolve in water. However, when this part of the solution is electrolyzed, calcium and magnesium ions in the solution are liable to cause alkaline precipitation on the cathode side of the electrolysis device 3, which leads to a decrease in electrolysis efficiency.
To solve the technical problem that the calcium-magnesium plasma affects the electrolysis efficiency, an embodiment of the present invention (i.e. the embodiment shown in fig. 3) may utilize, for example, converting an alkaline solution generated at the cathode side of the electrolysis device 3 into a soluble substance. The inventors have found during their development that this part of the alkaline solution can be converted into a bicarbonate solution by means of carbon dioxide gas, which is to be noted in excess (with respect to the metal cations of the alkaline solution). Thus, the converted bicarbonate solution is free from alkaline precipitates, and thus the reduction of the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolysis apparatus 3 can be prevented.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, the processing system further includes: a buffer tank 4;
the buffer tank 4 is connected with the electrolysis device 3;
the buffer tank 4 is used for: receiving an alkaline solution supplied from the cathode side of the electrolysis device 3; receiving the flue gas supplied by the dust remover 40 to form a bicarbonate solution by reacting the carbon dioxide gas in the flue gas with the alkaline solution in the buffer tank 4; the bicarbonate solution formed is passed to the cathode side of the electrolysis device 3.
In the present embodiment, by providing the buffer cell 4 in circulating communication with the cathode side of the electrolysis apparatus 3, a solution environment consisting of a relatively large amount of bicarbonate can be formed in the buffer cell 4, so that after the formed bicarbonate solution is introduced to the cathode side of the electrolysis apparatus 3, even if hydroxide ions are generated at the cathode side of the electrolysis apparatus 3, the bicarbonate solution circularly flows into the buffer cell 4 along with the flow direction of the solution, so that alkaline precipitation is not generated at the cathode side of the electrolysis apparatus 3, and thus the reduction of the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolysis apparatus 3 can be prevented.
In some embodiments, a specific cationic, anionic or nonionic surfactant may be added according to the composition and concentration of ions in the buffer tank 4, thereby further suppressing the formation of precipitates in the buffer tank.
In order to further reduce the possibility of alkaline precipitation on the cathode side of the electrolysis unit 3, it is conceivable to remove the calcium and magnesium ions before the solution is passed into the electrolysis unit 3. It should be noted that the removal of impurities does not mean complete removal of calcium and magnesium ions from the solution (since this involves a large number of coupling processes, and is responsible for the process and costly), and therefore the solution (i.e. the solution including bicarbonate and alkali) produced on the cathode side of the electrolysis device 3 shown in fig. 3 may be fed to a solution treatment device, such as the second solution treatment device 22, prior to the electrolysis device 3. Wherein, the second solution processing device 22 is connected between the soil irrigation and drainage device 1 and the first solution processing device 21, and the second solution processing device 22 is also connected with the cathode side of the electrolysis device 3.
In order to solve the technical problem that calcium and magnesium ions affect the electrolysis efficiency, another embodiment of the present invention (i.e. the embodiment shown in fig. 4) may utilize the alkaline solution (i.e. sodium hydroxide solution) generated at the cathode side of the electrolysis device 3 to be introduced into a solution processing device (i.e. the second solution processing device 22 hereinafter) to utilize the reaction between sodium hydroxide and calcium and magnesium ions to generate alkaline precipitates, such as calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, so as to remove impurities from the solution, improve the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolysis device 3 on the solution, and reduce the energy consumption for electrolysis. It should be noted that the removal of impurities herein does not mean complete removal of calcium and magnesium ions from the solution (since this involves more coupling processes, process responsibility and high cost).
Specifically, referring to fig. 4, in an embodiment of the present invention, the processing system further includes: a second solution treatment device 22;
the second solution treatment device 22 is connected between the solid-liquid mixing device 1 and the first solution treatment device 21, and the second solution treatment device 22 is also connected to the cathode side of the electrolysis device 3;
the second solution treatment device 22 is used for receiving the solution supplied by the solid-liquid mixing device 1 and the alkaline solution generated by the cathode side of the electrolysis device 3, so as to generate alkaline precipitation by utilizing the reaction of the alkaline solution and calcium and magnesium ions in the solution supplied by the solid-liquid mixing device 1.
In the present embodiment, by providing the second solution treatment device 22 between the solid-liquid mixing device 1 and the first solution treatment device 21, and simultaneously removing calcium and magnesium ions from the received solution (i.e., the solution supplied from the solid-liquid mixing device 1) by using the alkaline solution generated at the cathode side of the electrolysis device 3, the impurity removal of part of calcium and magnesium ions before concentration is achieved, and thus the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolysis device 3 can be improved.
To further solve the technical problem that calcium and magnesium ions affect the electrolysis efficiency, one embodiment of the present invention may utilize a certain amount of carbon dioxide gas to be introduced into the second solution processing device 22, wherein the amount of carbon dioxide gas is insufficient relative to the amount of calcium and magnesium ions, so that carbonate precipitation, specifically calcium carbonate precipitation, may be generated, and the concentration of calcium ions may be further reduced.
Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the outlet end of the dust collector 40 is connected to the second solution treatment device 22, and is used for introducing the flue gas into the second solution treatment device 22.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a primary filtration membrane is disposed between the solid-liquid mixing device 1 and the second solution treatment device 22, and the primary filtration membrane is used for filtering insoluble substances in the solution supplied by the solid-liquid mixing device 1, which is beneficial to improve the purity of the solution received by the second solution treatment device 22, and is beneficial to improve the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolysis device 3. In some embodiments, insolubles include soil particles and silt, among others.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a secondary filtering membrane is disposed between the first solution processing device 21 and the second solution processing device 22, and the secondary filtering membrane is used for filtering alkaline precipitates in the solution flowing out from the second solution processing device 22, so as to improve the purity of the solution received by the first solution processing device 21, and thus improve the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolysis device 3.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in order to further solve the technical problem that calcium and magnesium ions affect the electrolysis efficiency, a semi-permeable membrane may be disposed on the end face of the diaphragm or ion membrane of the electrolysis device 3 facing the cathode side, wherein the semi-permeable membrane is capable of passing ions and adsorbing alkaline precipitates. Thus, the generated alkaline precipitate cannot be adsorbed on the diaphragm or the ionic membrane, so that the normal exchange of anions and cations can be ensured.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for treating fly ash according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 5, the fourth embodiment is a combination of the first to third embodiments described above. The treatment system of fly ash provided by the fourth embodiment sequentially comprises, in the flow direction of the flue gas: the incinerator 10, the waste heat boiler 20, the deacidification tower 30 and the dust remover 40;
the system also comprises a solid-liquid mixing device 1, a second solution treatment device 22, a first solution treatment device 21, an electrolysis device 3 and a buffer tank 4 which are connected in sequence, wherein:
the deacidification tower 30 and the dust remover 40 are respectively connected with the solid-liquid mixing device 1, the solid-liquid mixing device 1 is connected with the first solution treatment device 21, and the dust remover 40 is connected with the buffer tank 4.
It should be noted that, only the connection relationship between the components of the fourth embodiment is described above, and the functional relationship refers to the description of the first embodiment to the third embodiment, which is not repeated herein. As can be seen from the above analysis, the processing system provided in the fourth embodiment has all the technical effects of the first to third embodiments, which are not described herein again. It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other similar elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Finally, it is to be noted that: the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A fly ash treatment system is characterized by comprising the following components in sequence along the flow direction of flue gas: the system comprises an incinerator (10), a waste heat boiler (20), a deacidification tower (30) and a dust remover (40);
the system also comprises a solid-liquid mixing device (1), a first solution treatment device (21) and an electrolysis device (3) which are connected in sequence;
the solid-liquid mixing device (1) is used for receiving water and fly ash generated by the deacidification tower (30) and the dust remover (40) so as to form a mixed solution in the solid-liquid mixing device (1);
the first solution treatment device (21) is used for: -taking heat from the waste heat boiler (20); concentrating the solution supplied from the solid-liquid mixing device (1) by using the heat to obtain high-purity water and a concentrated solution; introducing high-purity water into the solid-liquid mixing device (1) and introducing the concentrated solution into the electrolysis device (3); wherein the solution supplied by the solid-liquid mixing device (1) is a solution obtained by natural precipitation of the mixed solution;
the electrolysis device (3) is used for electrolyzing the received solution to obtain product gas; wherein the product gas comprises hydrogen and chlorine.
2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid-liquid mixing device (1) is provided with a rotating shaft (11), a plurality of stirring paddles (12) are arranged on the circumference of the rotating shaft (11), and the stirring paddles (12) stir the mixed solution by rotating the rotating shaft (11).
3. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a buffer pool (4);
the buffer tank (4) is connected with the electrolysis device (3);
the buffer pool (4) is used for: receiving an alkaline solution supplied by the cathode side of the electrolysis device (3); receiving the flue gas supplied by the dust remover (40) to react with the alkaline solution in the buffer pool (4) by using the carbon dioxide gas in the flue gas to form bicarbonate solution; the bicarbonate solution formed is passed to the cathode side of the electrolysis device (3).
4. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a second solution treatment device (22);
the second solution treatment device (22) is connected between the solid-liquid mixing device (1) and the first solution treatment device (21), and the second solution treatment device (22) is also connected with the cathode side of the electrolysis device (3);
the second solution processing device (22) is used for receiving the solution supplied by the solid-liquid mixing device (1) and the alkaline solution generated by the cathode side of the electrolysis device (3) so as to generate alkaline precipitation by utilizing the reaction of the alkaline solution and calcium and magnesium ions in the solution supplied by the solid-liquid mixing device (1).
5. The system according to claim 4, wherein the outlet end of the dust separator (40) is connected to the second solution treatment device (22) for feeding flue gas into the second solution treatment device (22).
6. The system according to claim 4, wherein a primary filtration membrane for filtering insoluble substances in the solution supplied from the solid-liquid mixing device (1) is provided between the solid-liquid mixing device (1) and the second solution treatment device (22).
7. A system according to claim 4, characterized in that a secondary filter membrane is arranged between the first solution treatment device (21) and the second solution treatment device (22) for filtering alkaline precipitates in the solution flowing out of the second solution treatment device (22).
8. A system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the electrolysis device (3) further comprises a diaphragm or an ionic membrane between the cathode side and the anode side, the diaphragm or the ionic membrane being provided with a semi-permeable membrane at the end facing the cathode side, the semi-permeable membrane being adapted to let ions through and being able to adsorb alkaline precipitates.
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