CN113332857A - Method for realizing alkali liquor regeneration by nitrogen oxide tail gas absorption through acid-base synchronous separation - Google Patents

Method for realizing alkali liquor regeneration by nitrogen oxide tail gas absorption through acid-base synchronous separation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113332857A
CN113332857A CN202110636093.7A CN202110636093A CN113332857A CN 113332857 A CN113332857 A CN 113332857A CN 202110636093 A CN202110636093 A CN 202110636093A CN 113332857 A CN113332857 A CN 113332857A
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tail gas
alkali liquor
nitrogen oxide
acid
flue gas
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Inventor
陈彩霞
张晗
宗红星
张鹏
马天飞
席海龙
郭金权
张娟
孙渊君
郑鹏
赵秀丽
姜海燕
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Jinchuan Group Co Ltd
Jinchuan Nickel Cobalt Research and Design Institute Co Ltd
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Jinchuan Group Co Ltd
Jinchuan Nickel Cobalt Research and Design Institute Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/96Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/56Nitrogen oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/30Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/304Alkali metal compounds of sodium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/60Inorganic bases or salts
    • B01D2251/604Hydroxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283Flue gases

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for realizing alkali liquor regeneration by absorbing nitrogen oxide tail gas through acid-base synchronous separation, which comprises the following steps: a) absorbing alkali liquor by the nitrogen oxide tail gas, atomizing and pyrolyzing to produce solid alkali and pyrolysis flue gas; b) cooling the produced pyrolysis flue gas to obtain condensed water and high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas; c) sending the high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas into a nitrogen oxide flue gas acid making system to prepare nitric acid; d) dissolving the solid alkali in the step a) by using the condensed water in the step b) to obtain sodium hydroxide alkali liquor, and feeding the alkali liquor into a nitrogen oxide tail gas absorption system for recycling. The method can realize the separation of acid and alkali in the nitric oxide tail gas absorption liquid, realize the recycling of the nitric oxide tail gas absorption liquid, improve the nitric acid recycling rate and realize no new alkali consumption in tail gas absorption. The method has simple process, is easy to be applied in large scale in industrialization, does not introduce other impurity elements, realizes the comprehensive recycling of the sodium nitrate (sodium nitrite) alkaline wastewater, and reduces the wastewater treatment cost.

Description

Method for realizing alkali liquor regeneration by nitrogen oxide tail gas absorption through acid-base synchronous separation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nitric acid production and application, and relates to a method for realizing alkali liquor regeneration by nitrogen oxide tail gas absorption through acid-base synchronous separation.
Background
In the nitric acid production industry, nitric oxide gas with high concentration is oxidized and absorbed to produce nitric acid, the absorbed tail gas does not reach the emission standard, and partial enterprises adopt sodium hydroxide solution to absorb the tail gas again to reach the emission standard; or in some nitric acid application industries, such as the metallurgical industry using nitric acid as a leaching agent, laterite ore is leached by nitric acid, metal or metal sulfide is leached by nitric acid, in order to realize the recycling of nitric acid in the process, high-concentration nitric oxide flue gas produced in the leaching process is generally prepared into acid by adopting an oxidation-absorption method (the recycling of nitric acid is realized), the process also has the problem that the flue gas after the acid preparation reaches the standard and is discharged, and generally, sodium hydroxide solution is also adopted to absorb nitric oxide gas in the tail gas, so that the absorbed nitric oxide in the tail gas reaches the discharge standard. The main components of the alkali liquor after absorbing the nitrogen oxide tail gas (called nitrogen oxide tail gas absorbing alkali liquor for short) are sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite and a small amount of residual alkali.
At present, the nitric oxide tail gas absorption alkali liquor mostly adopts an evaporation crystallization process to obtain corresponding sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite, crystallization mother liquor is difficult to treat, two components in sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite crystals are mutually contained and difficult to be used as high-quality products for external sales, green terminal open circuits cannot be formed, and a large amount of alkali consumption is the main cost component for tail gas treatment. Meanwhile, by adopting an evaporative crystallization method, most of the nitrogen oxides in the tail gas enter nitrate, so that the loss of nitric acid in the whole process flow is caused, and the recovery rate (or the reuse rate) of the nitric acid is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the nitric oxide tail gas is difficult to comprehensively treat absorbed alkali liquor, the nitric acid recovery rate (the reuse rate) is reduced due to the loss of nitric oxide in the prior art, the alkali salt absorption is difficult to open a circuit and the like, and provides a method which is simple in process, easy to industrialize and realizes the regeneration of the nitric oxide tail gas absorbed alkali liquor through acid-base synchronous separation.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for realizing regeneration of nitric oxide tail gas absorption alkali liquor through acid-base synchronous separation is disclosed, wherein the nitric oxide tail gas absorption alkali liquor is the absorption alkali liquor of nitric oxide flue gas tail gas produced in the nitric acid production or nitric acid related application field, and the method for regenerating the absorption alkali liquor comprises the following steps:
a) absorbing alkali liquor by the nitrogen oxide tail gas, atomizing and pyrolyzing to produce solid alkali and pyrolysis flue gas;
b) cooling the produced high-temperature pyrolysis flue gas to below 60 ℃ through a heat exchanger to obtain condensed water and high-concentration nitric oxide flue gas, and sending the high-concentration nitric oxide flue gas into a nitric oxide flue gas acid making system to prepare nitric acid;
c) dissolving the solid alkali in the step a) by using the condensed water in the step b) to obtain sodium hydroxide alkali liquor, and returning the alkali liquor to the nitric oxide tail gas absorption system for recycling.
The main components of the nitric oxide tail gas absorption alkali liquor are as follows: na (Na)+ 105~120 g/L、NO3 -/NO2 - 200-250 g/L、OH- 15~20 g/L。
Further, in the step a), the pyrolysis temperature of the atomization pyrolysis is 600-800 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 3-5 min.
Further, in the step b), the volume fraction of the nitrogen oxides in the high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas is 55-60%.
The method is adopted to treat and absorb the alkali liquor, and the high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas and the sodium hydroxide alkali liquor can be regenerated in one step in an atomization pyrolysis mode, so that the acid-base synchronous separation and recycling are realized. The essence of the method is that: the nitric oxide gas in the tail gas enters absorption alkali liquor in the liquid alkali absorption process, the reverse reaction of the absorption process is carried out when the absorption alkali liquor is heated and decomposed, namely nitrate in the absorption alkali liquor is decomposed into alkali and nitric oxide gas, in the process of decomposing the nitrate and releasing the nitric oxide, the nitric oxide gas is cooled, and the volume fraction of the nitric oxide in the obtained cooled flue gas can reach 55-60 percent after water vapor is condensed into condensed water, so that the concentration requirement of absorbing and preparing nitric acid is met, and the flue gas can be merged into an absorption acid-making system so as to realize acid recycling; the alkali liquor obtained by dissolving the solid alkali generated by pyrolysis in the condensed water is returned to the absorption process for recycling, so that the regeneration and recycling of the alkali are realized, the generation of new wastewater is avoided, and the water balance of the system is realized.
In conclusion, the method can realize the separation of acid and alkali in the tail gas absorption liquid of the nitrogen oxides by one step, so that the absorption alkali sodium hydroxide is regenerated and reused, the nitrogen oxide gas in the tail gas is enriched, the nitric acid reuse rate is improved, and the comprehensive treatment of the tail gas absorption alkali liquid is realized. The method has simple process, is easy to be applied in large scale in industrialization, does not introduce any other impurity elements, realizes the comprehensive recycling of the sodium nitrate (sodium nitrite) alkaline wastewater, and has obvious cost benefit and environmental benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the method for regenerating the nitric oxide tail gas absorbing alkali liquor. The content in the dotted line frame in the figure is the core content of the process of the invention.
Detailed Description
The process of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are provided to aid in the understanding of the present invention and its advantages, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The components of the absorption lye of the nitrogen oxide tail gas in this example are shown in Table 1.
Conveying the nitrogen oxide tail gas absorbing alkali liquor to an atomization pyrolysis furnace, adjusting the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace to 600 ℃, and carrying out atomization pyrolysis for 5min to obtain solid alkali and pyrolysis flue gas; and cooling the pyrolysis flue gas to obtain condensed water and high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas. Mixing and stirring the solid alkali and the condensed water obtained in the cooling procedure in a reaction kettle for reaction to obtain regenerated sodium hydroxide alkali liquor, wherein the alkali liquor can be sent into a nitrogen oxide tail gas absorption system for recycling. And sending the high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas into a nitrogen oxide flue gas acid making system to prepare nitric acid.
The main components of the regenerated sodium hydroxide lye and the volume fraction of the nitrogen oxides in the regenerated high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas are shown in table 1.
Table 1 example 1 nitrogen oxide tail gas absorption lye, regenerated sodium hydroxide lye principal component (g/L) and regenerated nitrogen oxide gas concentration (%)
Figure 703976DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Example 2
The components of the absorption lye of the nitrogen oxide tail gas in this example are shown in Table 2.
Conveying the nitrogen oxide tail gas absorbing alkali liquor to an atomization pyrolysis furnace, adjusting the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace to 700 ℃, and carrying out atomization pyrolysis for 4min to obtain solid alkali and pyrolysis flue gas; and cooling the pyrolysis flue gas to obtain condensed water and high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas. Mixing and stirring the solid alkali and the condensed water obtained in the cooling procedure in a reaction kettle for reaction to obtain regenerated sodium hydroxide alkali liquor, wherein the alkali liquor can be sent into a nitrogen oxide tail gas absorption system for recycling. And sending the high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas into a nitrogen oxide flue gas acid making system to prepare nitric acid.
The main components of the regenerated sodium hydroxide lye and the volume fraction of the nitrogen oxides in the regenerated high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 example 2 nitrogen oxide tail gas absorption lye, main component of regenerated sodium hydroxide lye (g/L) and concentration of regenerated nitrogen oxide gas (%)
Figure 293220DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Example 3
The components of the absorption lye of the nitrogen oxide tail gas in this example are shown in Table 3.
Conveying the nitrogen oxide tail gas absorbing alkali liquor to an atomization pyrolysis furnace, adjusting the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace to 800 ℃, and carrying out atomization pyrolysis for 3min to obtain solid alkali and pyrolysis flue gas; and cooling the pyrolysis flue gas to obtain condensed water and high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas. Mixing and stirring the solid alkali and the condensed water obtained in the cooling procedure in a reaction kettle for reaction to obtain regenerated sodium hydroxide alkali liquor, wherein the alkali liquor can be sent into a nitrogen oxide tail gas absorption system for recycling. And sending the high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas into a nitrogen oxide flue gas acid making system to prepare nitric acid.
The main components of the regenerated sodium hydroxide lye and the volume fraction of the nitrogen oxides in the regenerated high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 example 3 nitric oxide tail gas absorption lye, main component of regenerated sodium hydroxide lye (g/L) and concentration of regenerated nitric oxide gas (%)
Figure 338537DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Example 4
The components of the absorption lye of the nitrogen oxide tail gas in this example are shown in Table 4.
Conveying the nitrogen oxide tail gas absorbing alkali liquor to an atomization pyrolysis furnace, adjusting the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace to 750 ℃, and carrying out atomization pyrolysis for 2min to obtain solid alkali and pyrolysis flue gas; and cooling the pyrolysis flue gas to obtain condensed water and high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas. Mixing and stirring the solid alkali and the condensed water obtained in the cooling procedure in a reaction kettle for reaction to obtain regenerated sodium hydroxide alkali liquor, wherein the alkali liquor can be sent into a nitrogen oxide tail gas absorption system for recycling. And sending the high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas into a nitrogen oxide flue gas acid making system to prepare nitric acid.
The main components of the regenerated sodium hydroxide lye and the volume fraction of the nitrogen oxides in the regenerated high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 example 4 nitric oxide tail gas absorption lye, regenerated sodium hydroxide lye principal component (g/L) and regenerated nitric oxide gas concentration (%)
Figure 950390DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
The method is characterized in that the alkali liquor absorbing the nitric oxide tail gas is atomized and pyrolyzed within a certain temperature range, sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite in the alkali liquor are decomposed and water is vaporized to obtain a pyrolyzed solid alkali product (a mixture, the main component of which is sodium oxide containing sodium hydroxide and a small amount of undecomposed nitric acid/sodium nitrite salt and the like) and pyrolyzed flue gas containing nitrogen oxide gas, and the pyrolyzed flue gas is cooled to obtain condensed water and high-concentration nitric oxide flue gas; and (3) enabling the high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas to enter a nitric acid preparation system, dissolving the pyrolyzed solid alkali product with condensed water to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution again, namely a circulating absorption liquid, and returning the circulating absorption liquid to a tail gas absorption process for use.
The process method avoids the problem of difficult separation treatment caused by the coexistence of sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite and residual alkali in the absorption alkali liquor, and adopts a high-temperature pyrolysis mode to decompose nitrate with different valence states to generate nitrogen oxide gas and alkali, the alkali is recycled, and the nitrogen oxide gas returns to an acid making system. The acid-base synchronous separation mode is a simple feasible route without secondary pollution products for realizing the regeneration of the absorption alkali liquor.

Claims (4)

1. The method for realizing the regeneration of the alkali liquor absorbed by the nitric oxide tail gas through acid-base synchronous separation is characterized in that the alkali liquor absorbed by the nitric oxide tail gas is the absorption alkali liquor generated by the absorption of the tail gas containing the nitric oxide by the liquid alkali in the nitric acid production or nitric acid related application field, and the method for regenerating the absorption alkali liquor comprises the following steps:
a) absorbing alkali liquor by the nitrogen oxide tail gas, atomizing and pyrolyzing to produce solid alkali and pyrolysis flue gas;
b) cooling the produced pyrolysis flue gas to obtain condensed water and high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas;
c) sending the high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas into a nitrogen oxide flue gas acid making system to prepare nitric acid;
d) dissolving the solid alkali in the step a) by using the condensed water in the step b) to obtain sodium hydroxide alkali liquor again, and returning the alkali liquor to the nitric oxide tail gas absorption system for recycling.
2. The method for realizing the regeneration of the nitric oxide tail gas absorption alkali liquor through acid-base synchronous separation according to claim 1, wherein the nitric oxide tail gas absorption alkali liquor comprises the following main components: na (Na)+ 105~120 g/L、NO3 -/NO2 - 200-250 g/L、OH- 15~20 g/L。
3. The method for realizing alkali liquor regeneration by nitrogen oxide tail gas absorption through acid-base synchronous separation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step a), the pyrolysis temperature of the atomization pyrolysis is 600-800 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 3-5 min.
4. The method for realizing alkali liquor regeneration by nitrogen oxide tail gas absorption through acid-base synchronous separation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step b), the volume fraction of nitrogen oxides in the high-concentration nitrogen oxide flue gas is 55-60%.
CN202110636093.7A 2021-06-08 2021-06-08 Method for realizing alkali liquor regeneration by nitrogen oxide tail gas absorption through acid-base synchronous separation Pending CN113332857A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115155287A (en) * 2022-06-16 2022-10-11 西安明时工程技术有限责任公司 Process for improving gas conversion efficiency in sodium sulfate production device

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1411330A (en) * 1973-09-19 1975-10-22 Tsukishima Kikai Co Process for desulphurisation of waste gas
JPH0523535A (en) * 1991-07-19 1993-02-02 Hitachi Ltd Removal of acidic gas from combustion exhaust gas
CN1362279A (en) * 2001-12-21 2002-08-07 四川师范大学 Recovery and utilization method of nitroxide in waste gas
CN103987443A (en) * 2011-08-22 2014-08-13 琳德股份公司 Improved nitric acid production
CN109721038A (en) * 2019-02-19 2019-05-07 眉山顺应动力电池材料有限公司 A kind of nitrate pyrolysis recycling method of nitric acid and apparatus system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1411330A (en) * 1973-09-19 1975-10-22 Tsukishima Kikai Co Process for desulphurisation of waste gas
JPH0523535A (en) * 1991-07-19 1993-02-02 Hitachi Ltd Removal of acidic gas from combustion exhaust gas
CN1362279A (en) * 2001-12-21 2002-08-07 四川师范大学 Recovery and utilization method of nitroxide in waste gas
CN103987443A (en) * 2011-08-22 2014-08-13 琳德股份公司 Improved nitric acid production
CN109721038A (en) * 2019-02-19 2019-05-07 眉山顺应动力电池材料有限公司 A kind of nitrate pyrolysis recycling method of nitric acid and apparatus system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115155287A (en) * 2022-06-16 2022-10-11 西安明时工程技术有限责任公司 Process for improving gas conversion efficiency in sodium sulfate production device

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Application publication date: 20210903