CN113328573A - Synchronous motor and method for starting synchronous motor - Google Patents
Synchronous motor and method for starting synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN113328573A CN113328573A CN202110597243.8A CN202110597243A CN113328573A CN 113328573 A CN113328573 A CN 113328573A CN 202110597243 A CN202110597243 A CN 202110597243A CN 113328573 A CN113328573 A CN 113328573A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/20—Structural association with auxiliary dynamo-electric machines, e.g. with electric starter motors or exciters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
- H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
- H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/46—Motors having additional short-circuited winding for starting as an asynchronous motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
- H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
- H02K9/06—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium with fans or impellers driven by the machine shaft
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/46—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor
- H02P1/50—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor by changing over from asynchronous to synchronous operation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/20—Arrangements for starting
- H02P6/21—Open loop start
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
- H02P2207/05—Synchronous machines, e.g. with permanent magnets or DC excitation
Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a synchronous motor and a method for starting the synchronous motor, wherein the synchronous motor comprises: the motor comprises a motor shell, a rotating shaft, a bearing, at least one synchronous motor unit and at least one asynchronous motor unit; the synchronous motor unit comprises a synchronous stator and a synchronous rotor provided with a permanent magnet, and the asynchronous motor unit comprises an asynchronous stator and an asynchronous rotor provided with a conducting bar; the synchronous stator and the asynchronous stator are arranged on the inner surface of the motor shell, the synchronous rotor and the asynchronous rotor are coaxially, concentrically and mutually arranged on the rotating shaft at intervals, the rotating shaft is arranged in the shell of the motor shell through a bearing, so that the synchronous rotor on the rotating shaft is aligned with the synchronous stator, and the asynchronous rotor is aligned with the asynchronous stator. Because the permanent magnet is arranged on the synchronous rotor and the conducting bar is arranged on the asynchronous rotor, the starting cage and the permanent magnet are not superposed on the same rotor, and therefore, the starting current and the torque can be reduced in the starting operation process of the synchronous motor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a synchronous motor and a starting method thereof.
Background
At present, the self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor is widely applied to a driving scene due to the advantages of high efficiency, high power density and the like. However, in the process of starting and running of the motor, because the rotor of the self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor is overlapped with the starting cage and the permanent magnet, the capacity of a power supply transformer is increased due to overlarge starting current, the coupling and the shaft extension key connection mechanism are easily damaged due to overlarge torque, and when a large-inertia load is driven, the motor with the structure is long in starting process or cannot be switched into synchronization, and the faults such as excessive heating and rotor permanent magnet demagnetization are caused due to long-time generation of large current.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a synchronous motor and a method for starting the synchronous motor, which can alleviate the above technical problems.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a synchronous motor, where the synchronous motor includes: the motor comprises a motor shell, a rotating shaft, a bearing, at least one synchronous motor unit and at least one asynchronous motor unit; the synchronous motor unit comprises a synchronous stator and a synchronous rotor provided with a permanent magnet, and the asynchronous motor unit comprises an asynchronous stator and an asynchronous rotor provided with a conducting bar; the synchronous stator and the asynchronous stator are arranged on the inner surface of the motor shell, the synchronous rotor and the asynchronous rotor are coaxially, concentrically and mutually arranged on the rotating shaft at intervals, the rotating shaft is arranged in a shell cavity of the motor shell through a bearing, so that the synchronous rotor on the rotating shaft is aligned with the synchronous stator, and the asynchronous rotor is aligned with the asynchronous stator.
The asynchronous stator and the synchronous stator adopt the same outer diameter, and the armature winding of the asynchronous stator and the armature winding of the synchronous stator have the same pole number and phase sequence; the synchronous rotor is connected by a three-phase star, and the asynchronous stator is connected by a three-phase star or a three-phase triangle; the synchronous rotor adopts a permanent magnet surface-mounted structure or a permanent magnet plug-in structure.
The difference between the no-load counter potential effective value and the power supply voltage effective value of the synchronous motor unit at the synchronous rotating speed is smaller than a preset voltage value.
The air gap between the synchronous stator and the synchronous rotor is larger than the air gap between the asynchronous stator and the asynchronous rotor; the thermal load of the synchronous motor unit is higher than that of the asynchronous motor unit; the stack length of the asynchronous motor unit is smaller than the stack length of the synchronous motor unit.
The winding end part of the asynchronous stator is higher than that of the synchronous stator, and the winding end parts close to the asynchronous stator and the synchronous stator are overlapped in the axial direction and are not overlapped in space.
The above-mentioned synchronous machine further includes: the cooling device is arranged at the non-shaft-extension end of the synchronous motor, the synchronous motor unit is close to the cooling device, and the asynchronous motor unit is far away from the cooling device; the cooling device comprises a fan which is coaxially and fixedly connected with the rotating shaft and a fan cover which is fixedly connected with the motor shell, or an independent fan which is fixedly connected with the motor shell.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for starting a synchronous motor, where the method is applied to a controller connected to the synchronous motor, where the synchronous motor includes: the motor comprises a motor shell, a rotating shaft, a bearing, at least one synchronous motor unit and at least one asynchronous motor unit; the method comprises the following steps: when a starting signal is received, a first connecting switch between a synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and the power grid is disconnected, and a second connecting switch between an asynchronous stator of the asynchronous motor unit and the power grid is closed, so that the asynchronous motor unit is connected to the power grid to operate; when the asynchronous motor unit stably runs, a first connecting switch between a synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and a power grid is closed, so that the synchronous motor unit is connected into the power grid to run.
The first connecting switch is a connecting switch; the step of closing a first connection switch between a synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and the grid comprises: acquiring instantaneous voltage of a power grid and instantaneous voltage of counter electromotive force of a synchronous stator; calculating a voltage difference based on the instantaneous voltage of the power grid and the instantaneous voltage of the back electromotive force of the synchronous stator to judge whether the voltage difference is smaller than a preset voltage value; if so, a connecting switch between the synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and the power grid is closed.
The first connection switch includes: a first switch and a second switch; the step of closing a first connection switch between a synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and the grid comprises: acquiring the counter potential of the synchronous stator; adjusting the effective value of the output voltage of a soft starter connected to a power grid to the effective value of the counter potential based on the counter potential; the input end of the soft starter is connected with a power grid, and the output end of the soft starter is connected with a first switch; acquiring the output voltage of the output end of the soft starter and the instantaneous voltage of the back electromotive force of the synchronous stator; calculating a voltage difference based on an instantaneous voltage of the output voltage and an instantaneous voltage of a back electromotive force of the synchronous stator; judging whether the voltage difference is smaller than a preset voltage value or not; if yes, closing the first switch; and when the output voltage of the soft starter is adjusted to the voltage of the power grid, the second switch is closed, and the first switch is disconnected.
After the first connection switch between the synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and the power grid is closed when the asynchronous motor unit operates stably so that the synchronous motor unit is connected to the power grid for operation, the method further comprises the following steps: the first connecting switch is disconnected firstly, and then the second connecting switch is disconnected; or simultaneously disconnecting the first connecting switch and the second connecting switch to stop the synchronous motor.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, where the electronic device includes a processor and a memory, where the memory stores computer-executable instructions that can be executed by the processor, and the processor executes the computer-executable instructions to implement the foregoing method.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the application provides a synchronous motor and a method for starting the synchronous motor, wherein the synchronous motor comprises: the motor comprises a motor shell, a rotating shaft, a bearing, at least one synchronous motor unit and at least one asynchronous motor unit; the synchronous motor unit comprises a synchronous stator and a synchronous rotor provided with a permanent magnet, and the asynchronous motor unit comprises an asynchronous stator and an asynchronous rotor provided with a conducting bar; the synchronous stator and the asynchronous stator are arranged on the inner surface of the motor shell, the synchronous rotor and the asynchronous rotor are coaxially, concentrically and mutually arranged on the rotating shaft at intervals, the rotating shaft is arranged in the shell of the motor shell through a bearing, so that the synchronous rotor on the rotating shaft is aligned with the synchronous stator, and the asynchronous rotor is aligned with the asynchronous stator. Because the permanent magnet is installed on synchronous rotor, the conducting bar is installed on asynchronous rotor for start cage and permanent magnet do not superpose and set up on same rotor, consequently, in synchronous machine start operation in-process, can effectively avoid causing power supply transformer capacity increase, the too big damage shaft coupling and the axle extension key connecting mechanism that causes of torque because of starting current is too big, and when driving big inertia load, because the motor start-up process of current structure is longer or can not cut into synchronous, produce the fault conditions such as heavy current leads to excessive heating and rotor permanent magnet to lose magnetism for a long time.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of an asynchronous motor unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a synchronous motor unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of another synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for starting a synchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a start-up circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another start-up circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon:
1-a motor casing; 2-a rotating shaft; 3-a bearing; 4-synchronous stator, 5-synchronous rotor; 6-an asynchronous stator; 7-an asynchronous rotor; 8-conducting bars; 9-a permanent magnet; 10-winding ends of asynchronous stators, 11-winding ends of synchronous stators; 12-a fan; 13-wind cover; 120-a memory; 121-a processor; 122-a bus; 123-a communication interface; 600-a controller.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to avoid the problems of large starting current, large torque and the like caused by the fact that a starting cage and a permanent magnet are arranged on a rotor of a motor in a superposed mode in the starting and running process of the motor, the permanent magnet is arranged on the synchronous rotor, and a guide strip is arranged on an asynchronous rotor, so that the starting cage and the permanent magnet are not superposed on the same rotor.
The present embodiment provides a synchronous machine, and referring to a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a synchronous machine shown in fig. 1, the synchronous machine includes: the device comprises a motor shell 1, a rotating shaft 2, a bearing 3, at least one synchronous motor unit and at least one asynchronous motor unit; the synchronous motor unit comprises a synchronous stator 4 and a synchronous rotor 5 provided with a permanent magnet, and the asynchronous motor unit comprises an asynchronous stator 6 and an asynchronous rotor 7 provided with a conducting bar; the synchronous stator 4 and the asynchronous stator 6 are arranged on the inner surface of the motor casing 1, the synchronous rotor 5 and the asynchronous rotor 7 are coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft 2 concentrically and at intervals, the rotating shaft 2 is installed in a casing cavity of the motor casing 1 through the bearing 3, so that the synchronous rotor 5 on the rotating shaft 2 is aligned with the synchronous stator 4, and the asynchronous rotor 7 is aligned with the asynchronous stator 6.
Fig. 1 shows only one synchronous motor unit and one asynchronous motor unit, the number of the synchronous motor units and the number of the asynchronous motor units can be set according to actual needs, and the number of the synchronous motor units and the number of the asynchronous motor units are not limited herein; furthermore, as can be seen from fig. 1, the synchronous motor unit and the asynchronous motor unit are separated by a certain axial gap.
In order to facilitate understanding of the structure of the asynchronous motor unit, fig. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure of the asynchronous motor unit, as shown in fig. 2, an asynchronous rotor 7 is arranged inside an asynchronous stator 6, and a conducting bar 8 is arranged on the asynchronous rotor 7, and in this embodiment, the asynchronous rotor 7 with the conducting bar 8 mounted thereon can be regarded as a rotor adopting a squirrel-cage rotor structure of the asynchronous motor.
In order to facilitate understanding of the structure of the synchronous motor unit, fig. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure of the synchronous motor unit, as shown in fig. 3, the synchronous rotor 5 is disposed inside the synchronous stator 4, and the permanent magnet 9 is disposed on the synchronous rotor 5, in this embodiment, the synchronous rotor 5 mounted with the permanent magnet 9 can be regarded as a rotor adopting a rotor structure of a variable-frequency speed-regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor.
The synchronous machine's that provides by this embodiment structure can know, because the permanent magnet is installed on synchronous rotor, the conducting bar is installed on asynchronous rotor, make start-up cage and permanent magnet not superpose and set up on same rotor, therefore, in synchronous machine start-up operation in-process, can effectively avoid causing power supply transformer capacity to increase because of starting current is too big, damage shaft coupling and the axle extension key connecting mechanism that the moment of torsion is too big to cause, and when driving big inertia load, because the motor start-up process of current structure is longer or can not cut into synchronous, produce the fault conditions such as heavy current leads to excessively generating heat and rotor permanent magnet to lose magnetism for a long time.
In practical use, the asynchronous stator and the synchronous stator adopt the same outer diameter, and the armature windings of the asynchronous stator and the synchronous stator have the same pole number and phase sequence; the synchronous rotor is connected by a three-phase star, and the asynchronous stator is connected by a three-phase star or a three-phase triangle; the synchronous rotor adopts a permanent magnet surface-mounted structure or a permanent magnet plug-in structure; the synchronous motor unit shown in fig. 3 is of a 4-pole permanent magnet insertion type structure, and synchronous motor units of other pole numbers and structures are not listed.
In order to shorten the total length of the motor, the winding end part of the asynchronous stator can be higher than the winding end part of the synchronous stator, and the adjacent winding end parts of the asynchronous stator and the synchronous stator are overlapped in the axial direction and are not overlapped in space.
For easy understanding, fig. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure of another synchronous motor, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the winding end 10 of the asynchronous stator is higher than the winding end 11 of the synchronous stator, which can effectively reduce the total axial length of the combination of the asynchronous stator and the synchronous stator, thereby reducing the axial length of the synchronous motor.
When the synchronous motor unit is actually used, the difference between the no-load counter potential effective value and the power supply voltage effective value of the synchronous motor unit at the synchronous rotating speed is smaller than a preset voltage value; the preset voltage value can be set to 25%, and when the voltage regulator is used specifically, the preset voltage value can be set according to actual needs, and is not limited herein.
Because the asynchronous motor unit has larger current only when being started and belongs to a short-time working system, the asynchronous motor unit can be designed and selected with higher thermal load, and therefore, the thermal load selected by the synchronous motor unit can be higher than the thermal load selected by the asynchronous motor unit when in design.
In actual use, the stack length of the asynchronous motor unit is smaller than that of the synchronous motor unit. The stack length is understood to be the length of the laminations constituting the rotor or stator, and the stack length of the asynchronous motor unit is set to a shorter length, thereby effectively reducing the overall cost of the synchronous motor. Furthermore, as can be seen from the characteristics of asynchronous and synchronous machines, the air gap between the synchronous stator and the synchronous rotor is generally larger than the air gap between the asynchronous stator and the asynchronous rotor.
In order to make synchronous machine can well dispel the heat when the operation, above-mentioned synchronous machine still includes: a cooling device; when the cooling device is arranged at the non-shaft-extension end, the synchronous motor unit is close to the cooling device, and the asynchronous motor unit is far away from the cooling device; as shown in fig. 4, the cooling device includes a combination of a fan 12 coaxially and fixedly connected to the rotating shaft and a fan housing 13 fixedly connected to the motor casing 1. When the synchronous motor is operated, the heat energy generated when the motor is operated is effectively reduced by the rotation of the fan 12. The shaft extension end refers to the end of the motor, which is connected with the load along the axial rotating shaft.
In practical use, the cooling device may be an independent fan fixedly connected to the motor casing, besides the combination device of the fan and the fan housing, or the cooling device may be a water-circulating cooling device, where the cooling device is not limited.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for starting a synchronous motor, where the method is applied to a controller connected to the synchronous motor, where the synchronous motor includes: the motor comprises a motor shell, a rotating shaft, a bearing, at least one synchronous motor unit and at least one asynchronous motor unit; referring to fig. 5, a flow chart of a method for starting a synchronous motor specifically includes the following steps:
step S502, when a starting signal is received, a first connecting switch between a synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and a power grid is disconnected, and a second connecting switch between an asynchronous stator of the asynchronous motor unit and the power grid is closed, so that the asynchronous motor unit is connected to the power grid to operate;
in practical use, the asynchronous stator and the synchronous stator of the synchronous motor of the embodiment are respectively and independently powered, so that the voltage reduction starting of the asynchronous motor unit and the grid-connected synchronous operation mainly based on the synchronous motor unit can be realized.
Generally, the windings of the asynchronous stator are connected to the power grid by directly connecting a switch with a power supply, a star-delta starting mode or a soft starter, and the torque generated by the asynchronous motor unit drives the synchronous rotor of the synchronous motor unit and the asynchronous rotor of the asynchronous motor unit.
And step S504, when the asynchronous motor unit stably runs, closing a first connecting switch between a synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and the power grid so as to enable the synchronous motor unit to be connected into the power grid to run.
When the asynchronous motor unit drives the synchronous rotor and the asynchronous rotor to a stable asynchronous operation state, the synchronous motor unit is connected to a power grid for operation, and after grid-connected operation, the synchronous motor unit mainly drives the synchronous motor to operate, so that the efficiency of the motor is improved; in the starting process, the synchronous motor with higher power can be started by reducing the voltage through a star triangle, a soft starter and the like, so that the current and the torque in the starting process are reduced, the capacity of a power transformer is reduced, the stress of a coupler and a shaft extension key is reduced, and the running reliability of the motor is improved; in the starting process, the synchronous rotor has no high temperature and large current, and the loss of field condition can not occur.
If the first connection switch is a connection switch, i.e. a switching device is arranged between the synchronous motor unit and the grid for connection, the above-mentioned process of closing the first connection switch between the synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and the grid can be realized by steps a1 to a 4:
step A1, acquiring instantaneous voltage of a power grid and instantaneous voltage of counter electromotive force of a synchronous stator;
for ease of understanding, fig. 6 shows a schematic configuration of a starting circuit, the three-phase windings of the asynchronous stator are U1, V1 and W1, and the three-phase windings of the synchronous stator are U2, V2 and W2, wherein the asynchronous stator can be connected to three-phase lines of a power grid through a soft starter a and a second connecting switch K1, and the synchronous stator can be connected to three-phase lines of the power grid through a connecting switch K2, wherein the controller 600 can be in control connection with the second connecting switch K1, the connecting switch K2 and the soft starter a, and the control connections are indicated by dashed lines in fig. 6.
As shown in fig. 6, the winding of the asynchronous stator is connected to the power grid by closing the second connection switch K1 and the soft starter a, and in the specific implementation, the winding of the asynchronous stator can be directly connected to the power grid through the second connection switch K1 under the condition that the power capacity allows (i.e. the soft starter a is not provided); or the windings of the asynchronous stator are designed to be in triangular connection during operation, and can be connected with the windings of the asynchronous stator through a star-triangle starting circuit, so that the voltage reduction starting of the asynchronous motor unit is realized; or the output end voltage is gradually increased from low to high by adopting the soft starter, and after the asynchronous motor unit is started to enter a stable asynchronous running state, the asynchronous motor unit is directly merged into the power grid by adopting a bypass circuit. The way in which the windings of the asynchronous stator are connected to the power grid is not limited here.
As shown in fig. 6, since the grid phase line and the synchronous stator winding are three-phase, the instantaneous voltage of each phase of the grid and the instantaneous voltage of the counter potential of the corresponding phase of the synchronous stator are respectively obtained.
Step A2, calculating a voltage difference based on the instantaneous voltage of the grid and the instantaneous voltage of the back emf of the synchronous stator;
step A3, judging whether the voltage difference is less than a preset voltage value;
and calculating each corresponding voltage difference according to each corresponding voltage and instantaneous voltage, and judging whether each corresponding voltage difference is smaller than a preset voltage value, wherein the preset voltage value can be set according to actual needs, and is not limited herein.
Step a4, if yes, closes the connection switch between the synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and the grid.
If the voltage difference of each phase is less than the preset voltage value, the connecting switch K2 is closed, so that the three-phase winding of the synchronous stator is connected to the power grid, and the synchronous rotor and the asynchronous rotor are drawn into synchronization. Because the grid voltage is close to the back electromotive force on the synchronous stator winding when the connecting switch K2 is closed, the current on the synchronous stator winding is small after the connecting switch K2 is closed, and no large impact current exists; and after the grid-connected operation, the armature of the asynchronous stator still keeps the original state and is connected to the power grid, and the asynchronous rotor plays a damping role, so that the dynamic stability of the synchronous motor is effectively improved, and the synchronous motor can stably operate.
When the synchronous motor stops being used, the synchronous motor unit and the asynchronous motor unit need to be disconnected from the power grid, and the method can be realized in one of the following two ways in the embodiment: the first connecting switch is disconnected firstly, and then the second connecting switch is disconnected; or simultaneously disconnecting the first connecting switch and the second connecting switch to stop the synchronous motor.
As shown in fig. 6, the first stop mode: firstly, disconnecting a connecting switch K2 to cut off a power grid of the synchronous stator; then the second connecting switch K1 is disconnected, and the power grid of the asynchronous stator is cut off;
and a second stopping mode: the connecting switch K2 and the second connecting switch K1 are simultaneously disconnected, while the network of the synchronous stator and the asynchronous stator is disconnected.
The stopping method ensures that the synchronous motor unit does not suddenly lose step to generate larger current due to the absence of the damping action of the asynchronous motor unit, thereby ensuring that the permanent magnet on the synchronous rotor does not lose magnetism.
If the first connection switch includes: fig. 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of another starting circuit for facilitating understanding, as shown in fig. 7, three-phase windings of an asynchronous stator are U1, V1 and W1, three-phase windings of a synchronous stator are U2, V2 and W2, wherein the asynchronous stator can be connected to three-phase lines of a power grid through a soft starter a and a second connecting switch K1, the synchronous stator can be connected to three-phase lines of the power grid through a soft starter B and a first switch K2, and can also be connected to three-phase lines of the power grid through a second switch K3, and the second switch K3 is a bypass switch of the soft starter B. The controller 600 may be in control connection with a second connection switch K1, a first switch K2, a second switch K3, a soft starter a and a soft starter B, the control connections being indicated by dashed lines in fig. 7.
In the above step S502, the first connection switch between the synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and the power grid is disconnected, that is, the first switch K2 and the second switch K3 in fig. 7 are disconnected, and the three-phase winding of the asynchronous stator is connected to the power grid by closing the second connection switch K1 and the soft starter a; or after the asynchronous motor unit is started by the soft starter A and enters a stable asynchronous running state, the asynchronous motor unit is directly merged into the power grid by a bypass circuit built in the soft starter A, and the mode of connecting the asynchronous stator into the power grid is not limited.
Based on the structure of the starting circuit of fig. 7, the above-described process of closing the first connection switch between the synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and the grid can be realized by steps B1 to B7:
step B1, acquiring the counter electromotive force of the synchronous stator;
because the windings of the synchronous stator are three-phase, the back electromotive force of each phase of the windings of the synchronous stator needs to be acquired respectively.
Step B2, adjusting the effective value of the output voltage of the soft starter connected to the power grid to the effective value of the counter potential based on the counter potential, namely, the effective value of the output voltage of the soft starter is equal to the effective value of the counter potential; the input end of the soft starter is connected with a power grid, and the output end of the soft starter is connected with a first switch K2;
step B3, acquiring the instantaneous voltage of the output end of the soft starter and the instantaneous voltage of the back electromotive force of the synchronous stator;
as shown in fig. 7, the instantaneous voltage of the output voltage of each phase of soft starter B and the instantaneous voltage of the back electromotive force of the corresponding phase of the synchronous stator are obtained.
Step B4, calculating a voltage difference based on the instantaneous voltage of the output voltage and the instantaneous voltage of the counter potential of the corresponding phase of the synchronous stator;
step B5, judging whether the voltage difference is smaller than a preset voltage value;
and calculating each corresponding voltage difference according to each corresponding output voltage and instantaneous voltage, and judging whether each corresponding voltage difference is smaller than a preset voltage value, wherein the preset voltage value can be a small voltage value close to zero because the minimum voltage difference is zero, and the preset voltage value is set according to actual needs and is not limited herein.
Step B6, if yes, closing the first switch;
when the voltage difference of each phase is smaller than the preset voltage value, a first switch K2 between the output end of the soft starter B and the synchronous stator is closed, the synchronous rotor and the asynchronous rotor are drawn to be synchronous, as the grid voltage and the back electromotive force on the synchronous stator winding are basically the same when the first switch K2 is closed, the instantaneous current of closing is close to zero, and the current on the stator winding after closing is small and has no large impact current.
And step B7, when the output voltage of the soft starter is adjusted to the power grid voltage, the second switch is closed, and the first switch is disconnected.
When the synchronous motor is actually used, the output voltage of the soft starter B is gradually increased or decreased, and when the effective value of the output voltage of the soft starter B is equal to the effective value of the voltage of the power grid, the second switch K3 is closed firstly, and then the first switch K2 is opened immediately, so that the synchronous motor is connected to the power grid to stably operate.
As shown in fig. 7, when the synchronous motor is not used, the synchronous motor unit and the asynchronous motor unit need to be disconnected from the power grid, which can be implemented in one of the following two ways in this embodiment:
the first stopping mode is as follows: the second switch K3 is firstly switched off to cut off the power supply of the synchronous stator; the second connecting switch K1 is then opened to cut off the power supply to the asynchronous stator.
And a second stopping mode: the second connection switch K1 and the second switch K3 are simultaneously turned off, and the power supply of the synchronous stator and the asynchronous stator is cut off. The synchronous motor can be stopped by adopting any mode.
The method for starting the synchronous motor provided by the embodiment of the invention has the same technical characteristics as the synchronous motor provided by the embodiment, so that the same technical problems can be solved, and the same technical effects can be achieved.
An electronic device is further provided in the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 8, which is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic device, where the electronic device includes a processor 121 and a memory 120, the memory 120 stores computer-executable instructions that can be executed by the processor 121, and the processor 121 executes the computer-executable instructions to implement the above-mentioned method for starting the synchronous motor.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 8, the electronic device further comprises a bus 122 and a communication interface 123, wherein the processor 121, the communication interface 123 and the memory 120 are connected by the bus 122.
The Memory 120 may include a high-speed Random Access Memory (RAM) and may also include a non-volatile Memory (non-volatile Memory), such as at least one disk Memory. The communication connection between the network element of the system and at least one other network element is realized through at least one communication interface 123 (which may be wired or wireless), and the internet, a wide area network, a local network, a metropolitan area network, and the like may be used. The bus 122 may be an ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus, a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus, an EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus, or the like. The bus 122 may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of illustration, only one double-headed arrow is shown in FIG. 8, but that does not indicate only one bus or one type of bus.
The processor 121 may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities. In implementation, the steps of the above method may be performed by integrated logic circuits of hardware or instructions in the form of software in the processor 121. The Processor 121 may be a general-purpose Processor, and includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), and the like; the device can also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, a discrete Gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present application may be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module may be located in ram, flash memory, rom, prom, or eprom, registers, etc. storage media as is well known in the art. The storage medium is located in a memory, and the processor 121 reads information in the memory and completes the steps of the method for starting the synchronous motor of the foregoing embodiment in combination with hardware thereof.
The embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, and when the computer-executable instructions are called and executed by a processor, the computer-executable instructions cause the processor to implement the method for starting the synchronous motor, and specific implementation may refer to the foregoing method embodiment, and is not described herein again.
The synchronous motor and the computer program product of the method for starting the synchronous motor provided in the embodiment of the present application include a computer readable storage medium storing a program code, where instructions included in the program code may be used to execute the method described in the foregoing method embodiment, and specific implementation may refer to the method embodiment, and will not be described herein again.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, the relative steps, numerical expressions, and values of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium executable by a processor. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application or portions thereof that substantially contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present application, and are used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, but not limiting the same, and the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and although the present application is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutes for some technical features within the technical scope disclosed in the present application; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present application, and are intended to be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A synchronous machine, characterized in that it comprises: the motor comprises a motor shell, a rotating shaft, a bearing, at least one synchronous motor unit and at least one asynchronous motor unit;
the synchronous motor unit comprises a synchronous stator and a synchronous rotor provided with a permanent magnet, and the asynchronous motor unit comprises an asynchronous stator and an asynchronous rotor provided with a conducting bar;
the synchronous stator and the asynchronous stator are arranged on the inner surface of a motor shell, the synchronous rotor and the asynchronous rotor are coaxially concentric and are arranged on the rotating shaft at intervals, the rotating shaft is arranged in a shell cavity of the motor shell through the bearing, so that the synchronous rotor on the rotating shaft is aligned with the synchronous stator, and the asynchronous rotor is aligned with the asynchronous stator.
2. The synchronous machine according to claim 1, wherein the asynchronous stator and the synchronous stator employ the same outer diameter, and the armature windings of the asynchronous stator and the armature windings of the synchronous stator have the same number of poles and phase sequence;
the synchronous rotor is connected by a three-phase star, and the asynchronous stator is connected by a three-phase star or a three-phase triangle; the synchronous rotor adopts a permanent magnet surface-mounted structure or a permanent magnet plug-in structure.
3. The synchronous machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the difference between the effective value of no-load back emf and the effective value of the supply voltage of the synchronous machine unit at synchronous speed is smaller than a preset voltage value.
4. The synchronous machine of claim 1, wherein an air gap between the synchronous stator and the synchronous rotor is greater than an air gap between the asynchronous stator and the asynchronous rotor;
the thermal load of the synchronous motor unit is higher than that of the asynchronous motor unit;
the stack length of the asynchronous motor unit is smaller than the stack length of the synchronous motor unit.
5. The synchronous machine of claim 1, wherein the winding overhang of the asynchronous stator is higher than the winding overhang of the synchronous stator, and wherein the adjacent winding overhangs of the asynchronous stator and the synchronous stator have an overlap in the axial direction and no overlap in space.
6. The synchronous machine of claim 1, further comprising: the cooling device is arranged at the non-shaft-extension end of the synchronous motor, the synchronous motor unit is close to the cooling device, and the asynchronous motor unit is far away from the cooling device;
the cooling device comprises a fan which is coaxially and fixedly connected with the rotating shaft and a fan cover which is fixedly connected with the motor shell, or an independent fan which is fixedly connected with the motor shell.
7. A method for starting a synchronous machine, characterized in that the method is applied to a controller connected to a synchronous machine according to any of claims 1-6, wherein the synchronous machine comprises: the motor comprises a motor shell, a rotating shaft, a bearing, at least one synchronous motor unit and at least one asynchronous motor unit; the method comprises the following steps:
when a starting signal is received, a first connecting switch between a synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and a power grid is disconnected, and a second connecting switch between an asynchronous stator of the asynchronous motor unit and the power grid is closed, so that the asynchronous motor unit is connected to the power grid to operate;
and when the asynchronous motor unit stably runs, closing a first connecting switch between a synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and a power grid so that the synchronous motor unit is connected to the power grid to run.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first connection switch is a connection switch;
the step of closing a first connection switch between a synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and the grid comprises:
acquiring an instantaneous voltage of the power grid and an instantaneous voltage of a back emf of the synchronous stator;
calculating a voltage difference based on the instantaneous voltage of the grid and the instantaneous voltage of the back emf of the synchronous stator;
judging whether the voltage difference is smaller than a preset voltage value or not;
if so, a connecting switch between the synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and the power grid is closed.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the first connection switch comprises: a first switch and a second switch;
the step of closing a first connection switch between a synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and the grid comprises:
acquiring the counter potential of the synchronous stator;
adjusting the effective value of the output voltage of a soft starter connected into a power grid to the effective value of the counter potential based on the counter potential; the input end of the soft starter is connected with the power grid, and the output end of the soft starter is connected with the first switch;
acquiring an instantaneous voltage of an output end of the soft starter and an instantaneous voltage of a back electromotive force of the synchronous stator;
calculating a voltage difference based on an instantaneous voltage of the output voltage and an instantaneous voltage of a back emf of the synchronous stator;
judging whether the voltage difference is smaller than a preset voltage value or not;
if yes, closing the first switch;
and when the output voltage of the soft starter is adjusted to the power grid voltage, the second switch is closed, and the first switch is disconnected.
10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that after closing a first connection switch between a synchronous stator of the synchronous motor unit and a power grid for switching the synchronous motor unit into operation on the power grid when the asynchronous motor unit is operating steadily, the method further comprises:
disconnecting the first connecting switch and then disconnecting the second connecting switch; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
and simultaneously disconnecting the first connecting switch and the second connecting switch to stop the synchronous motor from running.
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