CN113326476A - Voltage sag type calculation method based on mixed criterion - Google Patents

Voltage sag type calculation method based on mixed criterion Download PDF

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CN113326476A
CN113326476A CN202110780407.0A CN202110780407A CN113326476A CN 113326476 A CN113326476 A CN 113326476A CN 202110780407 A CN202110780407 A CN 202110780407A CN 113326476 A CN113326476 A CN 113326476A
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杜培
林焱
赵耀
林芳
黄霆
张伟骏
方晓玲
汪颖
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Abstract

The invention provides a voltage sag type calculation method based on mixed criteria, which comprises the following steps: establishing a voltage sag type mode library according to the type of the voltage sag and the type conversion characteristic of the voltage sag transmitted by the transformer; constructing a voltage sag type mode library in a six-dimensional vector form; establishing a correlation coefficient matrix of each element in the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of the voltage sag to be calculated and a six-dimensional vector by applying a Pearson correlation coefficient, and measuring and calculating the similarity between the voltage to be matched and each characteristic voltage in the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of the six-dimensional vector; calculating a distance matrix of each vector in a voltage sag type mode library in a voltage sag and six-dimensional vector form to be calculated based on the Chebyshev distance; and constructing a voltage sag type correlation matrix, calculating the maximum correlation, and calculating the voltage sag type according to the maximum correlation. The invention can overcome the defect that the traditional method is sensitive to shallow sag and phase jump.

Description

一种基于混合判据的电压暂降类型计算方法A Calculation Method of Voltage Sag Types Based on Mixed Criteria

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及电能质量判断技术领域,特别是一种基于混合判据的电压暂降类型计算方法。The invention relates to the technical field of power quality judgment, in particular to a voltage sag type calculation method based on a mixed criterion.

背景技术Background technique

随着高新技术快速发展,高端制造业大量采用可编程控制器、交流接触器等精密设备,对电压暂降非常敏感。精密设备因电压暂降发生故障、报错、跳停等现象,造成用户巨大经济损失,用户抱怨严重,治理电压暂降问题成为工业界和学术界关注的热点。明确接入点的电压暂降类型是制定电网侧和用户侧治理决策的关键。With the rapid development of high-tech, the high-end manufacturing industry uses a large number of precision equipment such as programmable controllers and AC contactors, which are very sensitive to voltage sags. Due to voltage sags, precision equipment malfunctions, reports errors, and trips, causing huge economic losses to users, and users complain seriously. Identifying the type of voltage sag at the access point is the key to making grid-side and user-side governance decisions.

目前,工业界和学术界提出了多种电压暂降类型计算方法。但是,现有算法应用于相位跳变较大或幅值较高的暂降数据时,计算错误率较高,均以三相电压矢量作为输入值。六相法(SPA)和对称分量法(SCA)是最早提出且计算简便的算法,但是对浅暂降和较大相位跳变暂降的计算结果不理想。TP-TA法和TPA法对阈值敏感,且判据公式繁多。F-V法流程简单,但对较大相位跳变比较敏感。RMS法以三相电压有效值作为输入值,计算暂降类型(A-G类),SVA法以电压波形作为输入量,计算结果新增了H和I类暂升,分类更合理,但仍未解决大相位跳变影响的问题。为提升类型计算准确率,改善分类算法的适应性,应克服计算方法对暂降幅值和相位跳变的敏感性。At present, various calculation methods of voltage sag types have been proposed by industry and academia. However, when the existing algorithm is applied to sag data with large phase jump or high amplitude, the calculation error rate is high, and the three-phase voltage vector is used as the input value. The six-phase method (SPA) and the symmetric component method (SCA) are the earliest proposed and easy-to-calculate algorithms, but the results are not ideal for shallow sags and large phase-jump sags. The TP-TA method and the TPA method are sensitive to the threshold, and there are many criterion formulas. The F-V method has a simple process, but is sensitive to large phase jumps. The RMS method uses the effective value of the three-phase voltage as the input value to calculate the sag type (A-G type), the SVA method uses the voltage waveform as the input quantity, and the calculation results add the H and I types of swells. The classification is more reasonable, but it has not yet been solved. The problem of large phase jump effects. In order to improve the accuracy of type calculation and improve the adaptability of the classification algorithm, the sensitivity of the calculation method to the sag amplitude and phase jump should be overcome.

电网故障是引起电压暂降的最主要原因。电力系统运行过程中,天气、树枝搭接线路等原因都可能引起电网故障。故障发生时,系统汲出一个大电流,根据线路分压原理,故障附近的电压会大幅下降,产生电压暂降;故障清除后,附近区域电压恢复正常。三相短路故障是最严重的短路故障,导致三相电压幅值跌落基本相同;相间短路故障会造成故障两相电压跌落,非故障相电压幅值基本不变;两相接地短路故障导致故障相电压下降,非故障相电压不变或升高,非故障相电压变化情况主要取决于系统接地方式;单相故障的故障相电压降低,非故障相电压变化情况与系统接地等因素有关。Power grid faults are the main cause of voltage sags. During the operation of the power system, the weather, branches overlapping lines and other reasons may cause grid failures. When a fault occurs, the system draws a large current. According to the principle of line voltage division, the voltage near the fault will drop significantly, resulting in a voltage sag; after the fault is cleared, the voltage in the nearby area will return to normal. The three-phase short-circuit fault is the most serious short-circuit fault, which causes the three-phase voltage amplitude to drop basically the same; the inter-phase short-circuit fault will cause the faulted two-phase voltage to drop, and the non-faulty phase voltage amplitude is basically unchanged; the two-phase grounding short-circuit fault causes the fault The phase voltage decreases, the non-fault phase voltage remains unchanged or increases, and the non-fault phase voltage change mainly depends on the system grounding method; the fault phase voltage of a single-phase fault decreases, and the non-fault phase voltage changes are related to system grounding and other factors.

电压暂降类型根据三相电压幅值和相位的变化来定义。假设暂降前电源电动势标幺值为1p.u.,电压暂降/暂升的9种类型如图1所示,其中虚线代表暂降前电压向量,实线代表暂降期间的电压向量。暂升是系统特定接地条件下,伴随暂降发生的现象,一般以A-I类型统一描述。Voltage sag types are defined in terms of three-phase voltage amplitude and phase changes. Assuming that the per-unit value of the power supply electromotive force before the sag is 1p.u., the 9 types of voltage sag/swell are shown in Figure 1, where the dotted line represents the voltage vector before the sag, and the solid line represents the voltage vector during the sag. Swell is a phenomenon that occurs with sag under specific grounding conditions of the system, and is generally described in A-I types.

变压器有多种联结方式,电压从高压侧向低压侧传播,不同连接方式可能会导致暂降类型发生改变。根据暂降类型改变的效果,可将变压器分为三类:I类(YNyn),II类(Yy,Dd,Dz)和III类(Yd,Dy,Yz)。用传递矩阵描述变压器联结方式导致的暂降类型变化特性,如式(1)-(3)所示。Transformers can be connected in many ways, the voltage is propagated from the high voltage side to the low voltage side, and different connection methods may lead to changes in the type of sag. Transformers can be classified into three categories according to the effect of sag type change: Type I (YNyn), Type II (Yy, Dd, Dz) and Type III (Yd, Dy, Yz). The sag type change characteristics caused by the connection mode of the transformer are described by the transfer matrix, as shown in equations (1)-(3).

(1)I类:此类变压器不改变相电压和线电压的传递,传递矩阵为单位矩阵E,如式(1)。(1) Class I: This type of transformer does not change the transfer of phase voltage and line voltage, and the transfer matrix is the unit matrix E, such as formula (1).

Figure BDA0003157021700000021
Figure BDA0003157021700000021

(2)II类:此类变压器不传递零序电压,传递矩阵如式(2)。(2) Class II: This type of transformer does not transmit zero-sequence voltage, and the transfer matrix is as in formula (2).

Figure BDA0003157021700000022
Figure BDA0003157021700000022

(3)III类:等同于相电压向线电压的转换,转换后电压不含零序分量,且会发生相位变化,传递矩阵如式(3)。(3) Class III: It is equivalent to the conversion of phase voltage to line voltage. After conversion, the voltage does not contain zero-sequence components, and phase changes will occur. The transfer matrix is as shown in formula (3).

Figure BDA0003157021700000023
Figure BDA0003157021700000023

不同类型的电压暂降,经不同类型变压器传播,其暂降类型的变化规律如图2以及表1所示。Different types of voltage sags are propagated through different types of transformers, and the variation rules of the sag types are shown in Figure 2 and Table 1.

表1电压暂降类型传播规律Table 1 Propagation law of voltage sag types

Figure BDA0003157021700000024
Figure BDA0003157021700000024

Figure BDA0003157021700000031
Figure BDA0003157021700000031

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

有鉴于此,本发明的目的是提出一种基于混合判据的电压暂降类型计算方法,准确度高,能克服传统方法对浅暂降和相位跳变敏感的缺点。In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a voltage sag type calculation method based on mixed criteria, which has high accuracy and can overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods that are sensitive to shallow sags and phase jumps.

本发明采用以下方案实现:一种基于混合判据的电压暂降类型计算方法,具体包括以下步骤:The present invention adopts the following scheme to realize: a kind of voltage sag type calculation method based on mixed criterion, which specifically includes the following steps:

根据电压暂降的类型和其经变压器传播的类型变换特性,建立电压暂降类型模式库;According to the type of voltage sag and its type transformation characteristics propagating through the transformer, a voltage sag type pattern library is established;

提取三相电压的实部、虚部,构成六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库;Extract the real part and imaginary part of the three-phase voltage to form a voltage sag type pattern library in the form of a six-dimensional vector;

应用皮尔逊相关系数建立待计算电压暂降与六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库中各元素的相关系数矩阵,分别度量并计算待匹配电压与六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库每条特征电压之间的相似度;Use the Pearson correlation coefficient to establish the correlation coefficient matrix of each element in the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of a six-dimensional vector and the voltage sag to be calculated, respectively measure and calculate the voltage to be matched and the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of a six-dimensional vector The similarity between each characteristic voltage;

基于切比雪夫距离计算待计算电压暂降与六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库中各矢量的距离矩阵;Calculate the distance matrix of the voltage sag to be calculated and each vector in the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of a six-dimensional vector based on the Chebyshev distance;

构建电压暂降类型相关度矩阵,定义相关度指标,并计算最大相关度,根据最大相关度计算出电压暂降类型。Build the voltage sag type correlation matrix, define the correlation index, calculate the maximum correlation, and calculate the voltage sag type according to the maximum correlation.

进一步地,所述应用皮尔逊相关系数建立待计算电压暂降与六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库中各元素的相关系数矩阵,分别度量并计算待匹配电压与六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库每条特征电压之间的相似度具体为:Further, the Pearson correlation coefficient is used to establish the correlation coefficient matrix of each element in the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of a voltage sag to be calculated and a six-dimensional vector, and respectively measure and calculate the voltage to be matched and the voltage in the form of a six-dimensional vector. The similarity between each characteristic voltage of the sag type pattern library is as follows:

将六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库中的某一元素表示为:Represent an element in the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of a six-dimensional vector as:

Figure BDA0003157021700000041
Figure BDA0003157021700000041

式中,Vs1、Vs3、Vs5表示模式库中任一暂降数据s的三相电压实部,Vs2、Vs4、Vs6表示对应的三相电压虚部;In the formula, V s1 , V s3 , and V s5 represent the real part of the three-phase voltage of any sag data s in the model library, and V s2 , V s4 , and V s6 represent the corresponding imaginary part of the three-phase voltage;

将某一实测电压暂降向量

Figure BDA0003157021700000042
表示为:Convert a measured voltage sag vector to
Figure BDA0003157021700000042
Expressed as:

Figure BDA0003157021700000043
Figure BDA0003157021700000043

式中,Vm1、Vm3、Vm5表示该实测电压暂降数据m的三相电压实部,Vm2、Vm4、Vm6表示对应的三相电压虚部;In the formula, V m1 , V m3 , and V m5 represent the real part of the three-phase voltage of the measured voltage sag data m, and V m2 , V m4 , and V m6 represent the corresponding imaginary part of the three-phase voltage;

则该实测电压暂降向量

Figure BDA0003157021700000044
与该某一元素之间的相关系数为:Then the measured voltage sag vector
Figure BDA0003157021700000044
The correlation coefficient with this element is:

Figure BDA0003157021700000045
Figure BDA0003157021700000045

式中,

Figure BDA0003157021700000046
Figure BDA0003157021700000047
分别为两组向量的平均值;In the formula,
Figure BDA0003157021700000046
and
Figure BDA0003157021700000047
are the averages of the two sets of vectors, respectively;

采用如上方法计算得到待测电压与模式库的相关系数矩阵为:Using the above method to calculate the correlation coefficient matrix between the voltage to be measured and the mode library is:

Figure BDA0003157021700000048
Figure BDA0003157021700000048

式中,相关系数矩阵的下标X代表不同的暂降类型,ρX-i-j表示待计算的电压暂降与X类型模式库中幅值为、相位跳变为的电压暂降的相关性;相关系数越大,表示相关性越强,表明对应的待计算电压向量与模式库中对应向量的相似度越大。In the formula, the subscript X of the correlation coefficient matrix represents different sag types, and ρ Xij represents the correlation between the voltage sag to be calculated and the voltage sag of amplitude and phase jump in the X-type model library; the correlation coefficient The larger the value, the stronger the correlation, and the greater the similarity between the corresponding voltage vector to be calculated and the corresponding vector in the pattern library.

进一步地,所述基于切比雪夫距离计算待计算电压暂降与六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库中各矢量的距离矩阵具体为:Further, the distance matrix of each vector in the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of the voltage sag to be calculated and the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of a six-dimensional vector is specifically calculated based on the Chebyshev distance:

六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库中的某向量

Figure BDA0003157021700000051
和实测电压
Figure BDA0003157021700000052
的切比雪夫距离
Figure BDA0003157021700000053
的定义如下:A vector in the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of a six-dimensional vector
Figure BDA0003157021700000051
and measured voltage
Figure BDA0003157021700000052
Chebyshev distance
Figure BDA0003157021700000053
is defined as follows:

Figure BDA0003157021700000054
Figure BDA0003157021700000054

式中,k表示1,2,3...,∞;In the formula, k represents 1,2,3...,∞;

对于暂降类型X,待计算电压暂降与模式库的各矢量的切比雪夫距离矩阵为:For the sag type X, the Chebyshev distance matrix of the voltage sag to be calculated and each vector of the pattern library is:

Figure BDA0003157021700000055
Figure BDA0003157021700000055

式中,mX-i-j表示待计算的电压暂降与X类型模式库中幅值为|Vi|、相位为

Figure BDA0003157021700000056
的电压暂降的切比雪夫距离。In the formula, m Xij represents the voltage sag to be calculated and the amplitude of the X-type pattern library is |V i |, and the phase is
Figure BDA0003157021700000056
The Chebyshev distance of the voltage sag.

进一步地,所述构建电压暂降类型相关度矩阵,定义相关度指标,并计算最大相关度,根据最大相关度计算出电压暂降类型具体为:Further, constructing a voltage sag type correlation matrix, defining a correlation index, and calculating a maximum correlation, and calculating the voltage sag type according to the maximum correlation is specifically:

对于暂降类型X,定义暂降类型相关度矩阵KX,KX中各元素等于相关系数矩阵PX中各元素与距离矩阵MX中对应元素相除所得到的值,如下:For the sag type X, define the sag type correlation matrix K X , each element in K X is equal to the value obtained by dividing each element in the correlation coefficient matrix P X and the corresponding element in the distance matrix M X , as follows:

Figure BDA0003157021700000057
Figure BDA0003157021700000057

其中,in,

Figure BDA0003157021700000058
Figure BDA0003157021700000058

式中,kX-i-j表示待计算暂降与X类型模式库中幅值为|Vi|、相位跳变为

Figure BDA0003157021700000061
的电压暂降的相关度;相关系数ρ越大,切比雪夫距离m越小,相关度越大,表示待计算暂降与某向量的匹配度越高。In the formula, k Xij represents the amplitude of the sag to be calculated and the X type pattern library is |V i |, and the phase jump becomes
Figure BDA0003157021700000061
The correlation degree of the voltage sag; the larger the correlation coefficient ρ, the smaller the Chebyshev distance m, and the greater the correlation degree, indicating that the sag to be calculated has a higher matching degree with a certain vector.

求取待计算暂降与KX矩阵中各元素的最大相关度:Find the maximum correlation between the sag to be calculated and each element in the K X matrix:

kX-max=max(KX);k X-max =max(K X );

对每个暂降类型都求取其最大相关度,选取所有类型的最大相关度中的最大值kmax,并根据kmax匹配相关暂降类型。The maximum correlation degree is obtained for each dip type, the maximum value km max among the maximum correlation degrees of all types is selected, and the related dip types are matched according to km max .

本发明还提供了一种基于混合判据的电压暂降类型计算系统,包括存储器、处理器以及存储于存储器上并能够被处理器运行的计算机程序指令,当处理器运行该计算机程序指令时,能够实现如上文所述的方法步骤。The present invention also provides a voltage sag type computing system based on a hybrid criterion, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program instruction stored in the memory and capable of being executed by the processor. When the processor executes the computer program instruction, The method steps as described above can be implemented.

本发明还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有能够被处理器运行的计算机程序指令,当处理器运行该计算机程序指令时,能够实现如上文所述的方法步骤。The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which computer program instructions that can be executed by a processor are stored, and when the processor executes the computer program instructions, the method steps described above can be implemented.

与现有技术相比,本发明有以下有益效果:本发明经仿真数据和实测数据验证,对于实测数据,算法能精确计算出暂降类型,为分析暂降事件对敏感设备的影响提供依据。同时基于所构建的类型模式库,本发明的方法可实现毫秒级快速计算,适合应用于电压暂降监测系统或终端中,计算暂降类型实时信息,具有较大的应用价值。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention is verified by the simulation data and the measured data, for the measured data, the algorithm can accurately calculate the sag type, which provides a basis for analyzing the influence of the sag event on the sensitive equipment. At the same time, based on the constructed type pattern library, the method of the present invention can realize millisecond-level fast calculation, is suitable for application in voltage sag monitoring systems or terminals, and calculates real-time information of sag types, and has great application value.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明实施例的电压暂降/暂升的9种类型。FIG. 1 shows nine types of voltage sags/swells according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图2为本发明实施例的经变压器的电压暂降类型变换规律。FIG. 2 is a transformation law of voltage sag types through a transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图3为本发明实施例的方法流程示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图4为本发明实施例的IEEE14节点测试系统。FIG. 4 is an IEEE14 node testing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图5为本发明实施例的仿真电压暂降有效值。其中,(a)为暂降1有效值随时间变化曲线,(b)为暂降2有效值随时间变化曲线,(c)为暂降3有效值随时间变化曲线。FIG. 5 is a simulated voltage sag RMS according to an embodiment of the present invention. Among them, (a) is the curve of the RMS value of dip 1 over time, (b) is the curve of the RMS value of dip 2 over time, and (c) is the curve of the RMS value of dip 3 over time.

图6为本发明实施例的仿真数据电压向量示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a simulated data voltage vector according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图7为本发明实施例实测数据电压向量示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an actual measured data voltage vector according to an embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图及实施例对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

应该指出,以下详细说明都是示例性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural as well, furthermore, it is to be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates that There are features, steps, operations, devices, components and/or combinations thereof.

如图3所示,本实施例提供了一种基于混合判据的电压暂降类型计算方法,具体包括以下步骤:As shown in FIG. 3 , this embodiment provides a method for calculating a voltage sag type based on a mixed criterion, which specifically includes the following steps:

根据电压暂降的类型和其经变压器传播的类型变换特性,建立电压暂降类型模式库;电压暂降类型由特征电压V和各相相位跳变值共同决定,基于各类型基本定义,电压暂降数据库覆盖13万组电压特征。According to the type of voltage sag and its type transformation characteristics propagating through the transformer, a voltage sag type pattern library is established; the voltage sag type is determined by the characteristic voltage V and the phase jump value of each phase. The drop database covers 130,000 sets of voltage characteristics.

提取三相电压的实部、虚部,构成六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库;Extract the real part and imaginary part of the three-phase voltage to form a voltage sag type pattern library in the form of a six-dimensional vector;

应用皮尔逊相关系数建立待计算电压暂降与六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库中各元素的相关系数矩阵,分别度量并计算待匹配电压与六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库每条特征电压之间的相似度;Use the Pearson correlation coefficient to establish the correlation coefficient matrix of each element in the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of a six-dimensional vector and the voltage sag to be calculated, respectively measure and calculate the voltage to be matched and the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of a six-dimensional vector The similarity between each characteristic voltage;

基于切比雪夫距离计算待计算电压暂降与六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库中各矢量的距离矩阵;Calculate the distance matrix of the voltage sag to be calculated and each vector in the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of a six-dimensional vector based on the Chebyshev distance;

构建电压暂降类型相关度矩阵,定义相关度指标,并计算最大相关度,根据最大相关度计算出电压暂降类型。Build the voltage sag type correlation matrix, define the correlation index, calculate the maximum correlation, and calculate the voltage sag type according to the maximum correlation.

较佳的,为了准确识别电压暂降类型,分别计算其三相幅值和相位跳变值,构成6维向量。其中,F、G类型是C、D类的畸变形式;用户大多采用三角形接线方式接入电网,所以B、E类暂降一般不会传播到用户侧。因此,A、C、D、H、I类型为进行类型计算的目标。Preferably, in order to accurately identify the type of voltage sag, its three-phase amplitude and phase jump value are calculated respectively to form a 6-dimensional vector. Among them, types F and G are the distortion forms of types C and D; most users use delta connection to connect to the power grid, so type B and E sags generally do not propagate to the user side. Therefore, A, C, D, H, I types are the targets for type calculation.

(1)特征电压V(1) Characteristic voltage V

特征电压V是IEEE 1564-2014提出的电压暂降单次特征,用以描述电压跌落的程度和类型。不同于残余电压的定义,以六相电压的最低值来表示特征电压V。六相电压包括了三相降电压和三相线电压。V0(t)为零序电压随时间变化的曲线,可由式(4)得到。The characteristic voltage V is a single-shot characteristic of voltage sag proposed by IEEE 1564-2014 to describe the degree and type of voltage sag. Different from the definition of residual voltage, the characteristic voltage V is represented by the lowest value of the six-phase voltage. The six-phase voltage includes three-phase drop voltage and three-phase line voltage. The curve of V 0 (t) zero-sequence voltage changing with time can be obtained from equation (4).

Figure BDA0003157021700000081
Figure BDA0003157021700000081

其中Va(t)、Vb(t)、Vc分别为三相相电压随时间变化的曲线。定义降电压为相电压减去零序电压,可得三相降电压为:Among them, V a (t), V b (t), and V c are the curves of the three-phase phase voltages changing with time, respectively. Defining the drop voltage as the phase voltage minus the zero-sequence voltage, the three-phase drop voltage can be obtained as:

Figure BDA0003157021700000082
Figure BDA0003157021700000082

为使三相线电压的数量级与三相降电压保持一致,令三相线电压为:In order to keep the magnitude of the three-phase line voltage consistent with the three-phase drop voltage, let the three-phase line voltage be:

Figure BDA0003157021700000083
Figure BDA0003157021700000083

在(5)和(6)中,共六相电压,其中最低的一相电压即为特征电压V(t),以向量的形式表示该事件的特征电压V。定义正负序因子F,V和F可刻画电压暂降类型。以图1中Ca类型暂降为例,其电压表达式为:In (5) and (6), there are six-phase voltages in total, of which the lowest phase voltage is the characteristic voltage V(t), which represents the characteristic voltage V of the event in the form of a vector. Defining positive and negative sequence factors F, V and F can characterize the type of voltage sag. Taking the C a type sag in Figure 1 as an example, its voltage expression is:

Figure BDA0003157021700000084
Figure BDA0003157021700000084

在各种短路情况下,正负序因子F几乎都接近于1;电机启动造成的暂降,可能导致F低至0.7。考虑不同短路故障造成的暂降类型计算问题,因此,设置所有类型表达式中F的值均为1。Under various short-circuit conditions, the positive and negative sequence factors F are almost always close to 1; the sag caused by motor startup may cause F to be as low as 0.7. Consider the sag type calculation problem caused by different short-circuit faults, therefore, set the value of F in all type expressions to be 1.

为全面描述所有可能发生的电压暂降,构建特征电压V。暂降幅值范围从0.01到1,等间隔设置100个不同的幅值。相位跳变范围不必考虑-180°至+180°的全范围。当系统X/R阻抗比为10,馈线阻抗比X/R为0.5时,此时阻抗角有最大负值,大约为-60°。如果系统与馈线的X/R几乎相等时,此时阻抗角有最小正值,大约为10°。因此,在大多数情况下,实际阻抗角在-60°至+10°之间。基于上述原因,设置100个不同的相位,考虑20°的相位裕度,范围从-80°至+30°之间,步长间隔为110°/100,将幅值和相位一一组合,得到100*100个不同幅值和相位的特征电压,V的构成模型如下所示。To fully describe all possible voltage sags, the characteristic voltage V is constructed. The dip amplitude ranges from 0.01 to 1, and 100 different amplitudes are set at equal intervals. The phase jump range does not have to consider the full range of -180° to +180°. When the system X/R impedance ratio is 10 and the feeder impedance ratio X/R is 0.5, the impedance angle has a maximum negative value, which is about -60°. If the X/R of the system and the feeder are almost equal, the impedance angle has a minimum positive value, which is about 10°. Therefore, in most cases, the actual impedance angle is between -60° and +10°. Based on the above reasons, set 100 different phases, consider a phase margin of 20°, range from -80° to +30°, step size interval is 110°/100, and combine the amplitude and phase one by one to get 100*100 characteristic voltages of different amplitudes and phases, the composition model of V is shown below.

Figure BDA0003157021700000091
Figure BDA0003157021700000091

Figure BDA0003157021700000092
Figure BDA0003157021700000092

Figure BDA0003157021700000093
Figure BDA0003157021700000093

其中,i、j为各组的编号,式(9)和(10)表示特征电压的幅值和相位。Among them, i and j are the numbers of each group, and equations (9) and (10) represent the amplitude and phase of the characteristic voltage.

(2)类型模式库(2) Type Pattern Library

生成A、C、D、H、I类型电压暂降数据,以构建类型模式库。其中A类暂降为三相暂降;后四类为不对称暂降,每一类暂降可分别以a、b、c相为特征相,生成数据。基于前文所构建的特征电压,将特征电压代入图1中A、C、D、H、I类型电压暂降表达式,生成电压暂降数据,构建类型模式库。其中,A类型为一类暂降,C、D、H、I可分别以a、b、c三相为特征相构造12类暂降,形成13*10000组电压暂降数据。如式(11),提取每条暂降数据的实部和虚部,构成一组6维向量。Generate A, C, D, H, I type voltage sag data to build type pattern library. Among them, type A sags are three-phase sags; the last four types are asymmetric sags, and each type of sags can be characterized by phases a, b, and c to generate data. Based on the characteristic voltage constructed above, the characteristic voltage is substituted into the A, C, D, H, and I types of voltage sag expressions in Figure 1 to generate voltage sag data and build a type pattern library. Among them, type A is a type of sag, and C, D, H, and I can construct 12 types of sags with three phases a, b, and c as the characteristic phases, forming 13*10,000 sets of voltage sag data. As in formula (11), the real and imaginary parts of each sag data are extracted to form a set of 6-dimensional vectors.

Figure BDA0003157021700000094
Figure BDA0003157021700000094

式中Vs1、Vs3、Vs5表示实部,Vs2、Vs4、Vs6表示虚部。针对每类暂降,可形成100*100组6维向量。以类型Da为例,式(12)中每个元素代表一条暂降数据的6维向量,如VDa-1-2,就是幅值为0.01p.u.,相位为-78.89°时构成的特征电压V带入图1的Da类暂降公式,得到的三相电压的各相电压实部和虚部构成的6维向量。In the formula, V s1 , V s3 , and V s5 represent real parts, and V s2 , V s4 , and V s6 represent imaginary parts. For each type of dip, 100*100 sets of 6-dimensional vectors can be formed. Taking type D a as an example, each element in equation (12) represents a 6-dimensional vector of sag data, such as V Da-1-2 , which is the characteristic voltage formed when the amplitude is 0.01pu and the phase is -78.89° V is brought into the D a class sag formula in Figure 1, and the obtained 6-dimensional vector of the real part and imaginary part of each phase voltage of the three-phase voltage is obtained.

Figure BDA0003157021700000101
Figure BDA0003157021700000101

13种类型的电压暂降数据,共形成13万组6维向量,构成电压暂降类型模式库。13 types of voltage sag data, forming a total of 130,000 groups of 6-dimensional vectors, constitute a voltage sag type pattern library.

在本实施例中,识别某条电压暂降数据的类型,可以提取其6维特征,构成如式(11)的6维向量,比较该条数据6维向量与模式库中各向量的相似程度,判断其类型。本发明提出基于皮尔逊相关系数和切比雪夫距离的双重判据,度量待识别的电压暂降数据与模式库中的各条暂降数据的相似度,定义最大相关度指标,计算电压暂降类型。In this embodiment, to identify the type of a certain piece of voltage sag data, its 6-dimensional feature can be extracted to form a 6-dimensional vector such as formula (11), and the similarity of the 6-dimensional vector of the piece of data with each vector in the pattern library can be compared. , to determine its type. The invention proposes a dual criterion based on the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Chebyshev distance, measures the similarity between the voltage sag data to be identified and each sag data in the pattern library, defines the maximum correlation index, and calculates the voltage sag. type.

其中,皮尔逊相关系数,用于度量两个变量之间的相关程度,相关系数越大,两变量的相关性越强,反之相关性越弱。皮尔逊相关系数,用于度量两个变量之间的相关程度,相关系数越大,两变量的相关性越强,反之相关性越弱。Among them, the Pearson correlation coefficient is used to measure the degree of correlation between two variables. The larger the correlation coefficient, the stronger the correlation between the two variables, and vice versa. The Pearson correlation coefficient is used to measure the degree of correlation between two variables. The larger the correlation coefficient, the stronger the correlation between the two variables, and vice versa.

Figure BDA0003157021700000102
Figure BDA0003157021700000102

其中,

Figure BDA0003157021700000103
Figure BDA0003157021700000104
分别为变量X、Y的均值。in,
Figure BDA0003157021700000103
and
Figure BDA0003157021700000104
are the mean values of the variables X and Y, respectively.

在本实施例中,所述应用皮尔逊相关系数建立待计算电压暂降与六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库中各元素的相关系数矩阵,分别度量并计算待匹配电压与六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库每条特征电压之间的相似度具体为:In this embodiment, the Pearson correlation coefficient is used to establish the correlation coefficient matrix of the voltage sag to be calculated and each element in the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of a six-dimensional vector, and measure and calculate the voltage to be matched and the six-dimensional vector respectively. The similarity between each characteristic voltage of the voltage sag type pattern library of the form is as follows:

将六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库中的某一元素表示为:Represent an element in the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of a six-dimensional vector as:

Figure BDA0003157021700000105
Figure BDA0003157021700000105

式中,Vs1、Vs3、Vs5表示模式库中任一暂降数据s的三相电压实部,Vs2、Vs4、Vs6表示对应的三相电压虚部;In the formula, V s1 , V s3 , and V s5 represent the real part of the three-phase voltage of any sag data s in the model library, and V s2 , V s4 , and V s6 represent the corresponding imaginary part of the three-phase voltage;

将某一实测电压暂降向量

Figure BDA0003157021700000106
表示为:Convert a measured voltage sag vector to
Figure BDA0003157021700000106
Expressed as:

Figure BDA0003157021700000111
Figure BDA0003157021700000111

式中,Vm1、Vm3、Vm5表示该实测电压暂降数据m的三相电压实部,Vm2、Vm4、Vm6表示对应的三相电压虚部;In the formula, V m1 , V m3 , and V m5 represent the real part of the three-phase voltage of the measured voltage sag data m, and V m2 , V m4 , and V m6 represent the corresponding imaginary part of the three-phase voltage;

则该实测电压暂降向量

Figure BDA0003157021700000112
与该某一元素之间的相关系数为:Then the measured voltage sag vector
Figure BDA0003157021700000112
The correlation coefficient with this element is:

Figure BDA0003157021700000113
Figure BDA0003157021700000113

式中,

Figure BDA0003157021700000114
Figure BDA0003157021700000115
分别为两组向量的平均值;In the formula,
Figure BDA0003157021700000114
and
Figure BDA0003157021700000115
are the averages of the two sets of vectors, respectively;

采用如上方法计算得到待测电压与模式库的相关系数矩阵为:Using the above method to calculate the correlation coefficient matrix between the voltage to be measured and the mode library is:

Figure BDA0003157021700000116
Figure BDA0003157021700000116

式中,相关系数矩阵的下标X代表不同的暂降类型,即A、Ca、Cb、Cc、Da、Db、Dc、Ha、Hb、Hc、Ia、Ib、Ic类型。ρX-i-j表示待计算的电压暂降与X类型模式库中幅值为|Vi|、相位跳变为

Figure BDA0003157021700000117
的电压暂降的相关性;相关系数越大,表明对应的待计算电压向量与模式库中对应向量的相似度越大。In the formula, the subscript X of the correlation coefficient matrix represents different sag types, namely A, C a , C b , C c , D a , D b , D c , H a , H b , H c , I a , I b , I c type. ρ Xij represents the voltage sag to be calculated and the amplitude value in the X-type mode library is |V i |, and the phase jump becomes
Figure BDA0003157021700000117
The correlation of the voltage sag of , the larger the correlation coefficient, the greater the similarity between the corresponding to-be-calculated voltage vector and the corresponding vector in the pattern library.

此外,切比雪夫距离用以度量两个样本的相似程度,度量结果越大,说明两个样本越不相似;距离越小,则反之。在本实施例中,所述基于切比雪夫距离计算待计算电压暂降与六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库中各矢量的距离矩阵具体为:In addition, the Chebyshev distance is used to measure the similarity of two samples. The larger the measurement result, the less similar the two samples are; the smaller the distance, the opposite. In this embodiment, the distance matrix of each vector in the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of the voltage sag to be calculated and the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of a six-dimensional vector calculated based on the Chebyshev distance is specifically:

六维向量形式的电压暂降类型模式库中的某向量

Figure BDA0003157021700000118
和实测电压
Figure BDA0003157021700000119
的切比雪夫距离
Figure BDA00031570217000001110
的定义如下:A vector in the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of a six-dimensional vector
Figure BDA0003157021700000118
and measured voltage
Figure BDA0003157021700000119
Chebyshev distance
Figure BDA00031570217000001110
is defined as follows:

Figure BDA0003157021700000121
Figure BDA0003157021700000121

式中,k表示1,2,3...,∞;In the formula, k represents 1,2,3...,∞;

对于暂降类型X,待计算电压暂降与模式库的各矢量的切比雪夫距离矩阵为:For the sag type X, the Chebyshev distance matrix of the voltage sag to be calculated and each vector of the pattern library is:

Figure BDA0003157021700000122
Figure BDA0003157021700000122

式中,mX-i-j表示待计算的电压暂降与X类型模式库中幅值为|Vi|、相位为

Figure BDA0003157021700000123
的电压暂降的切比雪夫距离;例如mX-100-3表示待计算的电压暂降与X类型模式库中幅值为1、相位为-78°的电压暂降的切比雪夫距离。In the formula, m Xij represents the voltage sag to be calculated and the amplitude of the X-type pattern library is |V i |, and the phase is
Figure BDA0003157021700000123
The Chebyshev distance of the voltage sag; for example, m X-100-3 represents the Chebyshev distance between the voltage sag to be calculated and the voltage sag with an amplitude of 1 and a phase of -78° in the X-type pattern library.

切比雪夫距离越大,说明对应的待计算电压向量与模式库中对应向量的相似度越小。The larger the Chebyshev distance, the smaller the similarity between the corresponding voltage vector to be calculated and the corresponding vector in the pattern library.

利用上文所得相关系数矩阵PX和切比雪夫距离矩阵MX,相关度指标可定义为相关系数除以对应的切比雪夫距离,其优势在于降低单个判据所带来的不确定性,提高计算准确率。在本实施例中,所述构建电压暂降类型相关度矩阵,定义相关度指标,并计算最大相关度,根据最大相关度计算出电压暂降类型具体为:Using the correlation coefficient matrix P X and the Chebyshev distance matrix M X obtained above, the correlation index can be defined as the correlation coefficient divided by the corresponding Chebyshev distance, which has the advantage of reducing the uncertainty caused by a single criterion, Improve calculation accuracy. In this embodiment, the voltage sag type correlation matrix is constructed, the correlation index is defined, and the maximum correlation is calculated, and the voltage sag type calculated according to the maximum correlation is specifically:

对于暂降类型X,定义暂降类型相关度矩阵KX,KX中各元素等于相关系数矩阵PX中各元素与距离矩阵MX中对应元素相除所得到的值,如下:For the sag type X, define the sag type correlation matrix K X , each element in K X is equal to the value obtained by dividing each element in the correlation coefficient matrix P X and the corresponding element in the distance matrix M X , as follows:

Figure BDA0003157021700000124
Figure BDA0003157021700000124

其中,in,

Figure BDA0003157021700000131
Figure BDA0003157021700000131

式中,kX-i-j表示待计算暂降与X类型模式库中幅值为|Vi|、相位跳变为

Figure BDA0003157021700000132
的电压暂降的相关度;例如kX-100-3表示待计算暂降与X类型模式库中幅值为1、相位跳变为-78°的电压暂降的相关度。相关系数ρ越大,切比雪夫距离m越小,相关度越大,表示待计算暂降与某向量的匹配度越高。In the formula, k Xij represents the amplitude of the sag to be calculated and the X type pattern library is |V i |, and the phase jump becomes
Figure BDA0003157021700000132
For example, k X-100-3 represents the correlation between the sag to be calculated and the voltage sag whose amplitude is 1 and whose phase jump is -78° in the X-type pattern library. The larger the correlation coefficient ρ is, the smaller the Chebyshev distance m is, and the larger the correlation is, which means that the matching degree between the sag to be calculated and a certain vector is higher.

求取待计算暂降与KX矩阵中各元素的最大相关度:Find the maximum correlation between the sag to be calculated and each element in the K X matrix:

kX-max=max(KX);k X-max =max(K X );

对每个暂降类型都求取其最大相关度,选取所有类型的最大相关度中的最大值kmax,并根据kmax匹配相关暂降类型。应用到其余各个暂降类型,将每个暂降类型得到的kX-max记为kA,kCa,...,kIc共13个,提取出这13个相关度之中的最大值。The maximum correlation degree is obtained for each dip type, the maximum value km max among the maximum correlation degrees of all types is selected, and the related dip types are matched according to km max . Apply to the rest of the sag types, denote the k X-max obtained by each sag type as k A , k Ca ,..., k Ic a total of 13, and extract the maximum value among the 13 correlations .

kmax=max(kA,kBa,kBb,...,kIc) (23)k max =max(k A ,k Ba ,k Bb ,...,k Ic ) (23)

根据13个相关度之中的最大值,匹配相关暂降类型,匹配结果如下表2。According to the maximum value among the 13 correlations, the relevant dip types are matched, and the matching results are shown in Table 2 below.

表2电压暂降类型匹配结果Table 2 Voltage sag type matching results

Figure BDA0003157021700000133
Figure BDA0003157021700000133

本实施例还提供了一种基于混合判据的电压暂降类型计算系统,包括存储器、处理器以及存储于存储器上并能够被处理器运行的计算机程序指令,当处理器运行该计算机程序指令时,能够实现如上文所述的方法步骤。This embodiment also provides a hybrid criterion-based voltage sag type computing system, including a memory, a processor, and computer program instructions stored on the memory and capable of being executed by the processor, when the processor executes the computer program instructions , the method steps as described above can be implemented.

本实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有能够被处理器运行的计算机程序指令,当处理器运行该计算机程序指令时,能够实现如上文所述的方法步骤。This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which computer program instructions that can be executed by a processor are stored, and when the processor executes the computer program instructions, the method steps described above can be implemented.

接下来,本实施例进行仿真实验来进一步说明所提方法的有效性。Next, simulation experiments are carried out in this embodiment to further illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

首先本实施例对实验数据进行描述如下:First of all, this embodiment describes the experimental data as follows:

(1)仿真数据1。(1) Simulation data 1.

根据已知类型的电压暂降进行仿真,构造多个暂降数据,为避免仿真数据与模式库数据重复,对特征电压的幅值和相位调整为[0.1,0.9]和[-40,10],样本数为50*50,形成2500组仿真数据,同时考虑标准电压的变化,分别取F=1、F=0.9与F=0.8的情况进行验证。结果表明,所提算法具有较高的准确率。Perform simulation according to known types of voltage sags and construct multiple sag data. In order to avoid duplication of simulation data and pattern library data, the amplitude and phase of characteristic voltages are adjusted to [0.1, 0.9] and [-40, 10] , the number of samples is 50*50, and 2500 sets of simulation data are formed. At the same time, considering the change of the standard voltage, the cases of F=1, F=0.9 and F=0.8 are taken for verification. The results show that the proposed algorithm has high accuracy.

表3仿真数据1电压暂降类型计算结果Table 3 Simulation data 1 Calculation results of voltage sag types

Figure BDA0003157021700000141
Figure BDA0003157021700000141

为验证所提混合判据的效果,在仅考虑皮尔逊相关系数、仅考虑切比雪夫距离的单一判据下,进行电压暂降类型计算。对于前者,在相关系数矩阵中,受测电压暂降数据与某暂降类型相关系数最大,该次电压暂降即为相应类型。对于后者,在切比雪夫距离矩阵中,受测电压暂降数据与某暂降类型的切比雪夫距离最小,该次电压暂降即为相应类型。In order to verify the effect of the proposed hybrid criterion, the voltage sag type calculation is carried out under a single criterion that only considers the Pearson correlation coefficient and only the Chebyshev distance. For the former, in the correlation coefficient matrix, the correlation coefficient between the measured voltage sag data and a certain sag type is the largest, and this voltage sag is the corresponding type. For the latter, in the Chebyshev distance matrix, the Chebyshev distance between the measured voltage sag data and a certain sag type is the smallest, and this voltage sag is the corresponding type.

计算结果如表3所示,当正负序因子F为标准电压1时,对于所有仿真数据,所提方法正确率为100%。当正负序因子F不为标准电压0.9和0.8时,仍然具有较高识别准确率,准确率高于95%。考虑F=1和0.9的情况下,仅以皮尔逊相关系数或切比雪夫距离作为判据,电压暂降类型计算结果的准确率约为75%或80%,远低于混合判据的计算效果。The calculation results are shown in Table 3. When the positive and negative sequence factor F is the standard voltage of 1, for all simulation data, the correct rate of the proposed method is 100%. When the positive and negative sequence factor F is not the standard voltage of 0.9 and 0.8, it still has a high recognition accuracy, and the accuracy is higher than 95%. Considering the case of F = 1 and 0.9, only using the Pearson correlation coefficient or the Chebyshev distance as the criterion, the accuracy of the calculation result of the voltage sag type is about 75% or 80%, which is much lower than the calculation of the mixed criterion Effect.

(2)仿真数据2。(2) Simulation data 2.

在PSCAD/EMTDC平台上搭建IEEE 14节点网络(如图4所示),设置两种不同类型的电压暂降,在4号母线和9号母线之间设置两相故障和三相故障,故障1是在线路4-9之间发生的A、B两相接地短路故障,故障开始时刻为1s,故障清除时刻为4s;故障2是在线路4-9之间发生的三相接地短路故障,开始时刻为5.6s,故障清除时刻为6.8s;故障3是在线路4-9之间发生的A、C两相接地故障,开始时间为8.6s,结束时刻为10s。三个暂降波形有效值如图5所示。已知具体的故障类型,可推断所监测到的暂降类型分别为Cc类、A类和Ib类。Build an IEEE 14 node network (as shown in Figure 4) on the PSCAD/EMTDC platform, set two different types of voltage sags, set a two-phase fault and a three-phase fault between the No. 4 bus and No. 9 bus, fault 1 It is a two-phase grounding short-circuit fault of A and B between lines 4-9. The fault start time is 1s, and the fault clearing time is 4s; fault 2 is a three-phase grounding short-circuit fault that occurs between lines 4-9. , the start time is 5.6s, and the fault clearing time is 6.8s; fault 3 is a two-phase grounding fault of A and C between lines 4-9, the start time is 8.6s, and the end time is 10s. The RMS values of the three dip waveforms are shown in Figure 5. Knowing the specific fault types, it can be inferred that the monitored sag types are Class C , Class A, and Class I b , respectively.

其三相幅值和相位如图6所示:Its three-phase amplitude and phase are shown in Figure 6:

应用所提方法对图5的监测数据进行分类,计算其最大相关度,结果列于表4中。由计算结果可知,与暂降1、暂降2和暂降3最相关的暂降类型分别为Cc类、A类、Ib类。计算结果与实际结果一致,证明了所提方法的有效性。The monitoring data in Figure 5 was classified by the proposed method, and its maximum correlation was calculated. The results are listed in Table 4. It can be seen from the calculation results that the sag types most related to sag 1, sag 2, and sag 3 are Class C c , Class A, and Class I b , respectively. The calculated results are consistent with the actual results, proving the effectiveness of the proposed method.

表4仿真数据最大相关度计算结果Table 4 The calculation results of the maximum correlation degree of the simulation data

Figure BDA0003157021700000151
Figure BDA0003157021700000151

接下来,本实施例对实测数据进行验证。Next, this embodiment verifies the measured data.

选取福州市电能质量监测系统中2019年的4次暂降事件进行分析,验证所提方法。在MATLAB/Simulink平台进行计算,每次计算时长不超过1s。计算4次暂降的各相幅值和相位跳变值,其矢量图如图7所示。应用所提方法,计算4组实测电压暂降数据与模式库的各类暂降的相似度,结果如表5。Four sag events in 2019 in the Fuzhou power quality monitoring system were selected for analysis to verify the proposed method. The calculation is performed on the MATLAB/Simulink platform, and the duration of each calculation does not exceed 1s. Calculate the phase amplitude and phase jump value of the four dips, and the vector diagram is shown in Figure 7. The proposed method is used to calculate the similarity between the four groups of measured voltage sag data and various sags in the model library. The results are shown in Table 5.

表5实测数据最大相关度计算结果Table 5 Calculation results of maximum correlation degree of measured data

数据1data 1 数据2data 2 数据3data 3 数据4data 4 k<sub>A</sub>k<sub>A</sub> 0.9370.937 1.5351.535 2.0322.032 9.7889.788 k<sub>Ca</sub>k<sub>Ca</sub> 0.9100.910 1.9281.928 9.1079.107 3.6283.628 k<sub>Cb</sub>k<sub>Cb</sub> 1.1921.192 1.8051.805 1.3551.355 6.6396.639 k<sub>Cc</sub>k<sub>Cc</sub> 0.9160.916 1.0861.086 1.5381.538 4.2834.283 k<sub>Da</sub>k<sub>Da</sub> 1.1421.142 1.2031.203 1.2381.238 6.1766.176 k<sub>Db</sub>k<sub>Db</sub> 0.8860.886 1.2671.267 2.9522.952 3.5463.546 k<sub>Dc</sub>k<sub>Dc</sub> 1.0061.006 2.8682.868 2.2342.234 4.5894.589 k<sub>Ha</sub>k<sub>Ha</sub> 0.9330.933 1.1151.115 1.2301.230 3.2923.292 k<sub>Hb</sub>k<sub>Hb</sub> 0.9820.982 1.1191.119 1.2991.299 3.1783.178 k<sub>Hc</sub>k<sub>Hc</sub> 1.4631.463 1.5851.585 1.2811.281 3.2293.229 k<sub>Ia</sub>k<sub>Ia</sub> 1.0251.025 1.2141.214 1.4341.434 3.1783.178 k<sub>Ib</sub>k<sub>Ib</sub> 1.1291.129 1.2281.228 1.4861.486 3.1913.191 k<sub>Ic</sub>k<sub>Ic</sub> 0.8790.879 1.1001.100 1.3411.341 3.2683.268

根据计算结果,找出每一列的最大相关度,对应的暂降类型即为计算结果。According to the calculation result, find the maximum correlation of each column, and the corresponding dip type is the calculation result.

对于实测数据,目前并无标准算法在监测系列中进行计算,只能靠目测判断,估计其实际类型,并与计算结果进行对比。以数据2为例,b相未跌到标准规定的暂降阈值以下,a相几乎等于阈值,可以认为a,b相未跌落,c相明显跌落至0.274p.u.,目测判定波形2为典型的Dc类电压暂降,所提方法计算结果正确。对数据3也可进行类似判断,a相几乎无跌落,b、c相分别跌至0.682p.u.和0.513p.u.,b相发生较大相位跳变,目测判断其为Ca类暂降,计算结果符合目测判断。For the measured data, there is currently no standard algorithm for calculation in the monitoring series, and only visual judgment can be used to estimate the actual type and compare it with the calculation results. Taking data 2 as an example, phase b has not fallen below the sag threshold specified by the standard, phase a is almost equal to the threshold, it can be considered that phases a and b have not fallen, and phase c has dropped significantly to 0.274pu. Visually, waveform 2 is a typical D. Class c voltage sag, the calculation result of the proposed method is correct. Similar judgments can be made for data 3. The a phase has almost no drop, the b and c phases drop to 0.682pu and 0.513pu respectively, and the b phase has a large phase jump. Visual judgment.

为验证所提方法的先进性,将所提方法的计算结果,与国际上几种主流分类算法的计算结果进行对比。应用SCA法、SPA法、SVA法以及TP-TA法,计算数据1-数据4的暂降类型,对比结果如表6所示。In order to verify the advanced nature of the proposed method, the calculation results of the proposed method are compared with the calculation results of several mainstream classification algorithms in the world. Using the SCA method, the SPA method, the SVA method and the TP-TA method, the sag types of data 1-data 4 were calculated, and the comparison results are shown in Table 6.

表6实测数据电压暂降类型Table 6 Measured data Voltage sag types

暂降类型Sag Type 数据1data 1 数据2data 2 数据3data 3 数据4data 4 目测结果Visual results H<sub>c</sub>H<sub>c</sub> D<sub>c</sub>D<sub>c</sub> C<sub>a</sub>C<sub>a</sub> AA 所提方法The proposed method H<sub>c</sub>H<sub>c</sub> D<sub>c</sub>D<sub>c</sub> C<sub>a</sub>C<sub>a</sub> AA SCA法SCA Act -- D<sub>c</sub>D<sub>c</sub> C<sub>a</sub>C<sub>a</sub> -- SPA法SPA law -- C<sub>b</sub>C<sub>b</sub> D<sub>c</sub>D<sub>c</sub> -- SVA法SVA method I<sub>ac</sub>I<sub>ac</sub> C<sub>b</sub>C<sub>b</sub> D<sub>c</sub>D<sub>c</sub> AA TP-TA法TP-TA method -- D<sub>c</sub>D<sub>c</sub> C<sub>c</sub>C<sub>c</sub> --

由于SCA法、SPA法和TP-TA法没有将电压暂升和对称型暂降考虑在内,而数据1和4的实际类型分别为Hc型暂升和A型对称暂降,因此应用这三种方法无法计算数据1和4的暂降类型。应用SPA法和SVA法计算数据2的暂降类型,结果均为Cb型,明显错误;计算数据3的暂降类型,仅SCA法结果正确。数据2和数据3的相位跳变是导致现有方法错误的主要原因。由对比可知,本专利所提方法能够有效地克服相位跳变导致的误判,具有良好的应用前景。Since the SCA method, the SPA method and the TP-TA method do not take into account the voltage swell and the symmetric sag, and the actual types of the data 1 and 4 are the H c -type swell and the A-type symmetric sag, respectively, the Three methods cannot calculate the dip type for data 1 and 4. Using the SPA method and the SVA method to calculate the sag type of data 2, the results are all C b type, which is obviously wrong; the sag type of data 3 is calculated, only the result of the SCA method is correct. The phase jump of data 2 and data 3 is the main reason for the error of the existing method. It can be seen from the comparison that the method proposed in this patent can effectively overcome the misjudgment caused by the phase jump, and has a good application prospect.

综上,本实施例针对大电机启动和变压器激磁导致的电压暂降是缓慢恢复型暂降,暂降过程中电压幅值一直在发生变化,难以以ABC分类法对其进行定义等问题,提出了基于皮尔逊相关系数和切比雪夫距离的电压暂降类型计算方法,所提算法适用于因电网故障导致的矩形暂降。通过将包含幅值和相位信息的三相电压转化为易于计算的六维向量,建立6维向量模式库,计算向量最大相关度,识别电压暂降类型。本专利经仿真数据和实测数据验证,对于实测数据,算法能精确计算出暂降类型,为分析暂降事件对敏感设备的影响提供依据。当正负序因子F为标准电压时,对于所有仿真数据,所提方法正确率为100%。当正负序因子F不为标准电压时,仍然具有较高识别准确率,准确率高于95%。所提方法准确度较高,能克服传统方法对浅暂降和相位跳变敏感的缺点。In summary, in this embodiment, the voltage sag caused by the startup of the large motor and the excitation of the transformer is a slow recovery type sag, and the voltage amplitude is constantly changing during the sag process, and it is difficult to define it by the ABC classification method. A calculation method of voltage sag types based on Pearson correlation coefficient and Chebyshev distance is presented, and the proposed algorithm is suitable for rectangular sags caused by grid faults. By converting the three-phase voltage containing amplitude and phase information into a six-dimensional vector that is easy to calculate, a six-dimensional vector pattern library is established, the maximum correlation of the vectors is calculated, and the type of voltage sag is identified. This patent is verified by simulation data and measured data. For the measured data, the algorithm can accurately calculate the sag type, which provides a basis for analyzing the impact of sag events on sensitive equipment. When the positive and negative sequence factor F is the standard voltage, the accuracy of the proposed method is 100% for all simulation data. When the positive and negative sequence factor F is not a standard voltage, it still has a high recognition accuracy, and the accuracy is higher than 95%. The proposed method has high accuracy and can overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods that are sensitive to shallow dips and phase jumps.

本领域内的技术人员应明白,本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此,本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且,本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.

本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器,使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to the processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device produce Means for implementing the functions specified in a flow or flow of a flowchart and/or a block or blocks of a block diagram.

这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中,使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品,该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory result in an article of manufacture comprising instruction means, the instructions The apparatus implements the functions specified in the flow or flow of the flowcharts and/or the block or blocks of the block diagrams.

这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上,使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理,从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。These computer program instructions can also be loaded on a computer or other programmable data processing device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process such that The instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow or blocks of the flowcharts and/or the block or blocks of the block diagrams.

以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in other forms. Any person skilled in the art may use the technical content disclosed above to make changes or modifications to equivalent changes. Example. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solutions of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A voltage sag type calculation method based on a mixed criterion is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a voltage sag type mode library according to the type of the voltage sag and the type conversion characteristic of the voltage sag transmitted by the transformer;
extracting the real part and the imaginary part of the three-phase voltage to form a voltage sag type mode library in a six-dimensional vector form;
establishing a correlation coefficient matrix of each element in the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of the voltage sag to be calculated and a six-dimensional vector by applying a Pearson correlation coefficient, and measuring and calculating the similarity between the voltage to be matched and each characteristic voltage in the voltage sag type pattern library in the form of the six-dimensional vector;
calculating a distance matrix of each vector in a voltage sag type mode library in a voltage sag and six-dimensional vector form to be calculated based on the Chebyshev distance;
and constructing a voltage sag type correlation matrix, defining a correlation index, calculating the maximum correlation, and calculating the voltage sag type according to the maximum correlation.
2. The voltage sag type calculation method based on the mixing criterion according to claim 1, wherein the Pearson correlation coefficient is applied to establish a correlation coefficient matrix of each element in the voltage sag to be calculated and the voltage sag type pattern library in a six-dimensional vector form, and the similarity between the voltage to be matched and each characteristic voltage in the voltage sag type pattern library in the six-dimensional vector form is measured and calculated respectively as follows:
representing a certain element in the six-dimensional vector form voltage sag type pattern library as:
Figure FDA0003157021690000011
in the formula, Vs1、Vs3、Vs5Three-phase voltage real part, V, representing any sag data s in the pattern librarys2、Vs4、Vs6Representing the corresponding imaginary three-phase voltage components;
a certain measured voltage sag vector
Figure FDA0003157021690000012
Expressed as:
Figure FDA0003157021690000013
in the formula, Vm1、Vm3、Vm5Three-phase voltage real part, V, representing the measured voltage sag data mm2、Vm4、Vm6Representing the corresponding imaginary three-phase voltage components;
the measured voltage sag vector
Figure FDA0003157021690000021
The correlation coefficient with the certain element is:
Figure FDA0003157021690000022
in the formula,
Figure FDA0003157021690000023
and
Figure FDA0003157021690000024
respectively the average values of the two groups of vectors;
the correlation coefficient matrix of the voltage to be measured and the pattern library is obtained by calculation by adopting the method as follows:
Figure FDA0003157021690000025
in which the subscript X of the matrix of correlation coefficients represents the different dip types, pX-i-jRepresenting the voltage sag to be calculated and the magnitude of | V in the X-type pattern libraryiI, phase jump to
Figure FDA0003157021690000026
The voltage sag dependency of; the larger the correlation coefficient is, the stronger the correlation is, which indicates that the similarity between the corresponding voltage vector to be calculated and the corresponding vector in the pattern library is larger.
3. The voltage sag type calculation method based on the mixing criterion according to claim 1, wherein the distance matrix of each vector in the voltage sag type pattern library to be calculated based on the Chebyshev distance calculation and the six-dimensional vector form is specifically:
certain vector in voltage sag type pattern library in six-dimensional vector form
Figure FDA0003157021690000027
And a measured voltage
Figure FDA0003157021690000028
Chebyshev distance of
Figure FDA0003157021690000029
Is defined as follows:
Figure FDA00031570216900000210
wherein k represents 1,2,3., ∞;
for the sag type X, the chebyshev distance matrix of the voltage sag to be calculated and each vector of the pattern library is:
Figure FDA0003157021690000031
in the formula, mX-i-jThe representation represents the voltage sag to be calculated and the magnitude of | V in the X-type pattern libraryiIn phase of
Figure FDA0003157021690000032
The chebyshev distance of the voltage sag.
4. The voltage sag type calculation method based on the mixing criterion according to claim 1, wherein the step of constructing a voltage sag type correlation matrix, defining a correlation index, and calculating the maximum correlation comprises the following steps of:
for sag type X, a sag type correlation matrix K is definedX,KXEach element in (1) is equal to the moment of the correlation coefficientArray PXMatrix M of elements and distancesXThe value obtained by dividing the corresponding element in (1) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003157021690000033
wherein,
Figure FDA0003157021690000034
in the formula, kX-i-jRepresenting the sag to be calculated and the amplitude of | V in the X-type mode libraryiI, phase jump to
Figure FDA0003157021690000035
The correlation of voltage sag of; the larger the correlation coefficient rho is, the smaller the Chebyshev distance m is, the larger the correlation degree is, and the higher the matching degree of the sag to be calculated and a certain vector is;
calculating the sag and K to be calculatedXMaximum correlation of each element in the matrix:
kX-max=max(KX);
the maximum correlation degree of each sag type is obtained, and the maximum value k in the maximum correlation degrees of all types is selectedmaxAnd according to kmaxThe associated dip type is matched.
5. A voltage sag type calculation system based on a mixing criterion, comprising a memory, a processor and computer program instructions stored on the memory and executable by the processor, the computer program instructions, when executed by the processor, being capable of implementing the method steps of any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. A computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon computer program instructions executable by a processor, the computer program instructions, when executed by the processor, being capable of carrying out the method steps according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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