CN113325192A - Frequency doubling method for shaft end Hall speed sensor - Google Patents
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
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Abstract
A frequency doubling method for a shaft end Hall speed sensor comprises the steps of enabling two paths of square wave signals with the same frequency output by two Hall elements to pass through an exclusive-OR gate to obtain one path of frequency doubled square wave signals, arranging the two Hall elements on the periphery of the outer side of a gear, and enabling the projection distance of a connecting line between induction points of the two Hall elements in the rotation direction of the gear to be m pi/4, so that the phase difference between the two paths of square wave signals with the same frequency is 90oAnd ensuring that the duty ratio of the frequency-doubled square wave signal is 50%, wherein m is the modulus of the gear. According to the invention, the positions of the two Hall elements at the periphery of the outer side of the gear are reasonably arranged, so that the phase difference between two paths of square signals with the same frequency before frequency multiplication is 90oAnd the duty ratio of the frequency-multiplied square wave signal is ensured to be 50%, so that the time of high level and low level in the output signal is maximized, and the output signal can be better identified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a frequency multiplication method of a sensor, in particular to a frequency multiplication method of a shaft end Hall speed sensor.
Background
At present, speed sensors of a part of subway traction systems all adopt speed sensors of a photoelectric principle, the failure rate of the photoelectric speed sensors which operate for about 3 years is up to 40% -50% according to failure statistics of a vehicle section, and failures are mainly concentrated on weak vibration and impact resistant parts such as a circuit module and a photointerrupter. And the Hall speed sensor for the braking system and the eddy current speed sensor for the signal system which have stronger shock resistance on other axial positions of the same vehicle have lower failure rate. Due to the particularity of the traction mode of the subway line and the vehicle, the sensor is directly connected to the end part of the wheel shaft, and the transmission shaft not only provides the rotating speed but also serves as a support for bearing the sensor in the running process of the train, so that the speed sensor arranged at the shaft end bears high-strength vibration and impact which are higher than the maximum values required by the standard (the maximum value of the standard: 30g of vibration and 100g of impact). And the photoelectric speed sensor has the transmission and the receipt of light, in order to guarantee that light can be the direct projection of nondestructive, need ensure not have the lens between luminotron and the receiver tube and block, therefore the module box can't accomplish full embedment, and the stress that high strength vibration, impact brought for electronic device is all born by pin and the solder joint of device, leads to electronic components itself and solder joint fatigue failure very easily under long-time stress effect. Still because there is rotary mechanism in the sensor, can't realize filling and sealing with gluing equally, for guaranteeing to bear higher withstand voltage value between sensor internal circuit and the shell, the module box generally adopts plastics material, under strong vibration environment, plastics are ageing easily, have the condition of module box fracture under the extreme condition. And hall speedtransmitter comprises the gear that tests the speed and the sensor body two parts of installing at the axle head, because the sensor body is induction magnetic field's change, consequently can with revolution mechanic separation (non-contact promptly), the sensor body can carry out whole embedment to sensor inside through the embedding glue simultaneously, has improved the stability of sensor structure so greatly for the shock resistance of this type of sensor is very superior, and in the actual test, 60 g's vibration and 200 g's impact can not lead to the fact the damage to the sensor body.
Therefore, it is necessary to replace the photoelectric speed sensor used at present with a hall speed sensor having a stronger shock resistance. However, because the installation space at the shaft end is limited, the number of channels for outputting signals is required to be large, the size of the gear of the hall speed sensor is further limited, the number of pulses output per revolution of the gear meets the requirement, the tooth spacing of the speed measuring gear needs to be reduced to increase the tooth number, and when the tooth spacing is too small, the processing requirement on the gear can be greatly improved, and the quality of the gear can be reduced. Therefore, in order to reduce the difficulty of machining the gear and ensure the quality of the gear, a frequency doubling method is needed to increase the number of pulses output per rotation of the gear without excessively reducing the tooth space. Although frequency doubling techniques are available in the prior art, such as CN201310153739.1, the document entitled "double-headed high-precision speed sensor and operating method" refers to physically and mathematically frequency doubling the signal; the document with application number CN201510393699.7, entitled "steering wheel angle sensor and method for processing angle signal" refers to the generation of quadruple frequency signal by quadruple frequency cable, but it does not mention how to make the signal frequency doubled and how to implement frequency doubling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a frequency doubling method of a shaft end Hall speed sensor, aiming at the problem that when a Hall speed sensor is required to replace a currently used photoelectric speed sensor in a part of subway traction system speed sensors with severe working conditions, the installation space of the sensor is limited, and the frequency of an output signal cannot meet the use requirement under the condition of ensuring the tooth spacing of gears, so that the output frequency can meet the use requirement, the processing difficulty of the gears cannot be improved, and the quality of the sensor can be ensured.
The technical means adopted by the invention to solve the problems are as follows: a frequency doubling method for a shaft end Hall speed sensor comprises the steps of enabling two paths of square wave signals with the same frequency output by two Hall elements to pass through an exclusive-OR gate to obtain one path of frequency doubled square wave signals, arranging the two Hall elements on the periphery of the outer side of a gear, and enabling the projection distance of a connecting line between induction points of the two Hall elements in the rotation direction of the gear to be (m pi/4) mm to enable the phase difference between the two paths of square wave signals with the same frequency to be 90 DEG CoAnd ensuring that the duty ratio of the frequency-doubled square wave signal is 50%, wherein m is the modulus of the gear.
Furthermore, the two Hall elements are packaged in one Hall device, the distance between two sensing points in the Hall device is d, the Hall device is arranged on the periphery of the outer side of the gear, and an included angle between a connecting line of the two sensing points in the Hall device and the rotation direction of the gear is acos ((m pi/4)/d), so that the projection distance of the connecting line between the sensing points of the two Hall elements in the rotation direction of the gear is (m pi/4) mm.
Furthermore, the two Hall devices are packaged in an induction assembly, two paths of frequency-doubled square wave signals are output, and when the induction assembly is arranged on the outer periphery of the gear, the included angle between the connecting line of the two induction points of the two Hall devices in the induction assembly and the rotation direction of the gear is the same.
Furthermore, two Hall devices in the induction assembly are arranged on the outer side periphery of the gear, and the phase difference between square wave signals output by the two Hall devices is n + 180 degrees +45 degrees, so that the phase difference of the two paths of frequency-doubled square wave signals is 90 degreesoWherein n is a natural number.
Furthermore, the projection distance of a midpoint connecting line between two respective sensing point connecting lines of two Hall devices in the sensing assembly in the rotation direction of the gear is (n × m π/2+ m π/8) mm, so that the phase difference between the square wave signals output by the two Hall devices is n × 180 ° +45 °.
Further, the gear module is set to be 1, the distance between two sensing points in one Hall device is 1.75mm, and the included angle between the connecting line of the two sensing points and the rotation direction of the gear is acos ((pi/4)/1.75).
Further, the projection distance of a midpoint connecting line between two respective connecting lines of the sensing points in the two Hall devices of one sensing assembly in the rotation direction of the gear is 8.24 mm.
Further, three sensing assemblies are arranged at the outer periphery of the gear and output six-channel signals.
Furthermore, the transmission shaft driving the gear to rotate is designed into an integral flange transmission shaft structure with a flange plate, and the flange plate is fixedly connected with the shaft end, so that the use safety factor of the transmission shaft is improved.
Furthermore, a limiting connecting rod is arranged to be connected with the sensor shell, and the sensor shell is prevented from synchronously rotating with the transmission shaft through the fixed connection of the limiting connecting rod and the bogie.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the positions of the two Hall elements at the periphery of the outer side of the gear are reasonably arranged, so that the phase difference between two paths of square signals with the same frequency before frequency multiplication is 90oAnd the duty ratio of the frequency-multiplied square wave signal is ensured to be 50%, so that the time of high level and low level in the output signal is maximized, and the output signal can be better identified.
2. According to the invention, two Hall devices are packaged in one induction assembly, and the distance between induction points of the two Hall devices is reasonably set, so that the phase difference of two paths of frequency-doubled square wave signals is 90 degrees for identifying the running direction of a vehicle.
3. According to the invention, the transmission shaft is designed into an integral flange transmission shaft structure with the flange plate, and the flange shaft is fixedly connected with the shaft end, so that the bearing support is provided for the whole sensor structure, and the service life of the flange transmission shaft is prolonged.
4. According to the invention, the limiting connecting rod fixedly connected with the bogie is connected with the sensor shell, so that the synchronous rotation of the sensor shell and the transmission shaft is avoided, and the signal induction of the induction component is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a Hall velocity sensor according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a Hall velocity sensor housing according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a single-channel frequency-multiplied signal according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a single Hall device and gear position according to one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a single sensing element and the rotational position of the gears according to one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of one or two frequency multiplication signals according to an embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the three Hall speed sensors of the embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a flange transmission shaft of the three Hall speed sensors of the embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of the present invention, wherein gears, bearings and bearing baffles are disposed on a transmission shaft;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a four Hall velocity sensor according to an embodiment;
in the figure: 1. the novel high-voltage power supply comprises a shell, 11 parts of a mounting base, 12 parts of an outer cover, 13 parts of a connector, 2 parts of a flange transmission shaft, 21 parts of a transmission shaft, 22 parts of a flange plate, 23 parts of a bearing, 24 parts of a bearing baffle plate, 3 parts of a cable, 4 parts of a gear, 5 parts of an induction component, 51 parts of a Hall device, 511 parts of a Hall element, 6 parts of an exclusive-OR gate, 7 parts of a comparator and 8 parts of a limiting connecting rod.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and are shown by way of illustration only and not in actual form, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
Example one
A frequency multiplication method for a shaft end Hall speed sensor is disclosed, as shown in figure 1, the shaft end Hall speed sensor comprises a shell 1 and a transmission shaft 21, as shown in figure 2, the shell 1 comprises a mounting seat 11, an outer cover 12 and a connector 13, the transmission shaft 21 is connected with the mounting seat 11 into a whole through a bearing 23, one end of the transmission shaft is positioned in the shell 1, a gear 4 is arranged at one end of the transmission shaft 21 positioned in the shell 1 and rotates synchronously with the transmission shaft 21, a Hall element 511 for receiving induction is arranged on the outer periphery of the gear 4 and positioned in the connector 13, and an induction signal is output through a cable 3.
Because the installation space is limited, the size of the gear 4 is further limited, and in order to meet the use requirement of the speed sensor, the number of pulses output by the gear per rotation cannot be too low, that is, the output signal needs to meet a certain frequency requirement, under the condition that the train speed is constant and the outer diameter of the gear 4 cannot be increased, in order to ensure the frequency of the output signal, the tooth pitch of the gear 4 is usually required to be reduced to increase the number of teeth of the gear, so as to improve the frequency of the output signal. However, the reduction in the tooth space increases the difficulty of machining the gear 4 and affects the service life of the gear 4. Therefore, this method is not the best choice, and the frequency doubling method is more feasible.
In the embodiment, the phase difference of two paths is 90 oThe frequency of the square wave signal is multiplied into a square wave signal with 50% duty ratio and the square wave signal is output. As shown in fig. 3, a hall device 51 is arranged on the outer periphery of the gear 4, two hall elements 511 are packaged in the hall device 51, each hall element 511 has a sensing point, and outputs a pulse signal CHA and CHA', which are respectively multiplied by frequency after passing through the xor gate 6 to form a square wave signal OUTA with a duty ratio of 50%. As shown in fig. 3, the exclusive-or multiplied signal OUTA and the reference voltage may be compared by the comparator 7 and then output, so as to suppress noise and increase the driving capability of the output signal. In order to enable the CHA and the CHA 'to be XOR-output signals with duty ratio of 50%, as shown in FIG. 4, when the distance between the sensing points of two Hall elements 511 packaged in a Hall device 51 is D and the gear module is m, the Hall device 51 is arranged at the outer periphery of the gear, and the included angle A between the connecting line of the sensing points of the two Hall elements 511 and the rotating direction V of the gear 4 is acos ((m pi/4)/D), at this time, the projection distance D of the connecting line of the sensing points of the two Hall elements 511 in the rotating direction of the gear 4 is (m pi/4) mm, and the phase difference between the CHA and the CHA' is 90% oAnd thus can be xored to a square wave signal with a duty ratio of 50%.
In order to enable the output frequency-doubled signal to identify the running direction of the vehicle, as shown in fig. 5, two hall devices 51 with the same structure are packaged into one sensing assembly 5, in this sensing assembly 5, the included angle a between the connecting line between the sensing points of the two hall elements 511 in each hall device 51 and the rotating direction V of the gear 4 is acos ((m pi/4)/D), the projection distance D ' of the midpoint connecting line between the connecting lines L1 and L2 of the sensing points in the two hall devices 51 in the rotating direction of the gear 4 is (n × m pi/2 + m pi/8) mm, where n is a natural number, assuming that the square wave signals output by the two hall elements 511 in one hall device 51 are CHA and CHA ', respectively, and the square wave signals output by the two hall elements 511 in the other hall device 51 are CHB and CHB ', respectively, as shown in fig. 6, the phase difference between CHA and CHB is n × 180 ° +45 °, the phase difference between CHA 'and CHB' is also n × 180 ° +45 °, where n is a natural number, and the phase difference between the frequency-multiplied square wave signal OUTA of CHA and CHA 'and the frequency-multiplied square wave signal OUTB of CHB and CHB' is 90 °, and thus can be used as a signal for identifying the vehicle running direction.
Example two
This embodiment is a specific use of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the module of the gear 4 is 1, that is, the tooth distance is pi mm, and the distance between the sensing points of the two hall elements 511 in the hall device 51 is 1.75mm, so the positions of the hall device 5 on the outer periphery of the gear 4 are: the angle between the line of the sensing points of the hall element 511 and the rotation direction of the gear 4 is acos ((pi/4)/1.75) and is about 63.346 °, and at this time, the projection distance of the line of the sensing points in the rotation direction of the gear 4 is (pi/4) mm, so that the phase difference between CHA and CHA 'and the phase difference between CHB and CHB' are both 90 °. According to the size of the shell 1 and the size of the hall devices 51, a natural number n is selected to be 5, namely, the projection distance D' of a midpoint connecting line between the sensing point connecting lines L1 and L2 in the two hall devices 51 in the rotation direction of the gear 4 is limited to be (5 pi/2 + pi/8) mm and is about 8.24mm, at the moment, the phase difference between the frequency-doubled square wave signals OUTA and OUTB is 90 degrees, and a pair of judgment signals for identifying the running direction of the vehicle is formed. The number of the sensing elements 5 is set to be three according to the use requirement, and the three sensing elements 5 output six-channel signals in total. Of course, the number of the sensing elements 5 can be different according to the requirement.
In the above embodiment, when determining the position between the sensing points of the hall element 511, the influence of the air gap between the hall element 511 and the gear 4 on the projection distance of the connecting line of the sensing points in the rotating direction V of the gear 4 is ignored, because the air gap value is generally not too large, for example, if the applicant selects a range of 0.8 ± 0.3mm when in use, the influence on the projection distance is smaller, and the influence on the sensing signal is smaller, so the solution in the above embodiment is feasible.
EXAMPLE III
The present embodiment is an improvement on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, in order to meet the requirement that the transmission shaft 21 not only transmits the rotation speed but also provides the support, a flange plate 22 is arranged at one end where the transmission shaft 21 is connected with the shaft end to form the flange transmission shaft 2, as shown in fig. 8, the flange transmission shaft 1 is an integral structure with the flange plate 22 and the transmission shaft 21 integrated, and through the connection of the flange plate 22 and the shaft end, the stress area of the transmission shaft 2 is greatly increased, and the service life of the transmission shaft is prolonged.
As shown in fig. 9, the gear 4 is disposed at one end of the flange transmission shaft 2 away from the flange 22, a bearing 23 is disposed outside the transmission shaft 21 between the gear 4 and the flange 22 to support the housing 1 to realize relative rotation between the gear 4 and the hall element 511, and the number of the bearings 23 is two to improve the bearing capacity of the bearing 23. A bearing guard 24 is provided between the bearing 23 and the flange 22 to protect the bearing 23. As shown in fig. 7, the bearing retainer 24 is screwed to the mounting seat 11 to separate the interior of the housing 1 from the outside.
Example four
As shown in fig. 10, in order to avoid synchronous rotation of the hall element 511 and the gear 4 in the present embodiment, a limit link 8 is provided on the housing 1, one end of the limit link 8 is fixedly connected to the vehicle bogie, and the other end is connected to the mounting seat 11 through a screw, so that relative rotation between the hall element 511 and the gear 4 is realized, and signal sensing and output are completed.
The above embodiments are provided for illustrative purposes only and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and therefore all equivalent technical solutions should fall within the scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The frequency multiplication method of the shaft end Hall speed sensor is characterized in that two paths of square wave signals with the same frequency output by two Hall elements (511) are processed by an exclusive-OR gate (6) to obtain one path of frequency-multiplied square wave signals, and the method comprises the following steps: two Hall elements (511) are arranged on the outer periphery of the gear (4), and the projection distance of a connecting line between sensing points of the two Hall elements (511) in the rotating direction of the gear (4) is (m pi/4)mm position, the phase difference between two square signals with the same frequency is 90oAnd the duty ratio of the square wave signal after frequency multiplication is ensured to be 50 percent, wherein m is the modulus of the gear (4).
2. The frequency doubling method for the shaft end Hall speed sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the two Hall elements (511) are packaged in one Hall device (51), the distance between two sensing points in the Hall device (51) is d, the Hall device (51) is arranged on the periphery of the outer side of the gear (4), and an included angle between a connecting line of the two sensing points in the Hall device (51) and the rotation direction of the gear (4) is a position of acos ((m pi/4)/d), so that the projection distance of the connecting line between the sensing points of the two Hall elements (511) on the rotation direction of the gear (4) is (m pi/4) mm.
3. The frequency doubling method for the shaft end Hall speed sensor according to claim 2, wherein: the two Hall devices (51) are packaged in an induction assembly (5), one induction assembly (5) outputs two paths of square wave signals after frequency multiplication, and when the induction assembly (5) is arranged on the outer periphery of the gear (4), the included angle between the connecting line of two induction points of the two Hall devices (511) in the induction assembly (5) and the rotation direction of the gear (4) is the same.
4. The frequency doubling method for the shaft end Hall speed sensor according to claim 3, wherein: two Hall devices (51) in the induction assembly (5) are arranged on the outer side periphery of the gear (4), and the phase difference between square wave signals output by the two Hall devices (51) is n x 180 degrees +45 degrees, so that the phase difference of the two frequency-doubled square wave signals is 90 degreesoWherein n is a natural number.
5. The frequency doubling method for the shaft end Hall speed sensor according to claim 4, wherein: the projection distance of a midpoint connecting line between two respective sensing point connecting lines of two Hall devices (51) in the sensing assembly (5) in the rotation direction of the gear (4) is (n x m pi/2 + m pi/8) mm, so that the phase difference between square wave signals output by the two Hall devices (51) is n x 180 degrees +45 degrees.
6. The frequency doubling method for the shaft end Hall speed sensor according to claim 5, wherein: the modulus of the gear (4) is 1, the distance between two sensing points in one Hall device (51) is 1.75mm, and the included angle between the connecting line of the two sensing points and the rotation direction of the gear (4) is acos ((pi/4)/1.75).
7. The frequency doubling method for the shaft end Hall speed sensor according to claim 6, wherein: the projection distance of a midpoint connecting line between two respective sensing point connecting lines of two Hall devices (51) in one sensing assembly (5) in the rotating direction of the gear (4) is 8.24 mm.
8. The frequency doubling method for the shaft end Hall speed sensor according to claim 3, wherein: three induction assemblies (5) are arranged on the outer periphery of the gear (4) and output six-channel signals.
9. The frequency doubling method for the shaft end Hall speed sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the transmission shaft (21) driving the gear (4) to rotate is designed into an integral flange transmission shaft (2) structure with a flange plate (22), and the flange plate (22) is fixedly connected with the end of a vehicle shaft, so that the use safety factor of the transmission shaft (21) is improved.
10. The frequency doubling method for the shaft end Hall speed sensor according to claim 1, wherein: a limiting connecting rod (8) is arranged to be connected with the sensor shell (1), and the sensor shell (1) is prevented from rotating synchronously with a transmission shaft (21) through the fixed connection of the limiting connecting rod (8) and a bogie.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116576933A (en) * | 2023-07-14 | 2023-08-11 | 微传智能科技（常州）有限公司 | Intelligent metering method for measuring flow and flow direction |
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