CN113324903B - Torsional type soil tangential adhesion stress testing device and method - Google Patents
Torsional type soil tangential adhesion stress testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a torsional soil tangential adhesion stress testing device and a method, comprising a pressurizing unit with a force sensor; the clamping unit is connected with the pressurizing unit; the soil containing disc is internally provided with soil; the sample to be tested is connected with the clamping unit; the controller is connected with the pressurizing unit and controls the pressurizing unit to drive the clamping unit to rotate at a preset speed at a constant speed; the controller also controls the pressurizing unit to pressurize the clamping unit, so that the surface of the sample to be tested is contacted with the soil under a preset normal load; the torque sensor is connected with the soil containing disc and used for measuring the torque of the soil containing disc; the torque sensor is also connected with the controller, and the controller calculates the tangential adhesion stress of the soil and the surface of the sample to be tested based on the torque and the preset normal load. The invention not only can solve the problem that the movement of the soil heap is blocked due to plastic deformation in the traditional horizontal dragging process, which causes larger measurement data, but also can realize the accurate test of the tangential adhesion of the soil to the surface of the material under high water content.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mechanical automation, and particularly relates to a torsional type soil tangential adhesion stress testing device and method.
Background
Soil contact equipment such as engineering machinery and agricultural machinery has the problems of poor operation quality, low construction efficiency, large operation resistance and the like due to adhesion of a soil medium to the surface of an operation machine in the long-term construction process aiming at the soil medium. Therefore, the adhesion of the soil to the surface of the operation machine is reduced, the efficient desorption of the soil is realized, and the key for improving the construction efficiency and quality is realized.
At present, the desorption process of soil comprises normal desorption and tangential desorption, and the normal adhesion force and the tangential adhesion force of the soil to a machine tool are important indexes for evaluating the adhesion of the soil respectively. Statistically, greater than 80% of the work implement's resistance to desorption is determined by the tangential adhesion, indicating that it is more important to reduce the tangential adhesion. At present, the device and the method for testing the normal adhesion of soil can refer to JTJ/T320-96 for accurate testing; however, the tangential adhesion of soil to machines and tools has not been accurately and reliably tested and evaluated, so that research on the visbreaking desorption technology and the process feasibility cannot be accurately evaluated, and the development of the visbreaking desorption technology is restricted. Therefore, it is important to develop a device and method for accurately measuring and evaluating the tangential adhesion of soil to a work implement.
The tangential adhesion of soil in the prior art is usually tested by an indirect method, and the specific test principle is as follows: f ═ Ca + Ntan Φ, where F is the horizontal pulling force, Ca is the soil tangential adhesion, N is the positive pressure applied to the metal surface perpendicular to the direction of motion, and Φ is the soil friction angle. By setting different positive pressures, a tension meter is adopted to pull the metal block to move at a uniform speed at an extremely low speed, the tension count value at the moment is measured, and the intercept on the Y axis is obtained by fitting more than four groups of N-F data, namely the tangential adhesive force Ca of the soil. It can be seen that the tangential adhesion of the soil at low water content can be effectively and accurately measured. However, when the water content of the soil is high (close to or exceeding the liquid limit) or the normal load is large, the soil is easy to deform, and the soil is easy to accumulate in the moving direction during horizontal uniform motion, so that the workpiece is subjected to the adhesion resistance of the bottom surface and the resistance of the soil accumulation on the side surface, and the test result is larger.
The Chinese patent publication No. CN 106996844B discloses a centrifugal soil tangential adhesion friction force testing device and a testing and calculating method thereof, soil is placed on a rotating disc controlled by a motor, the motor is started to enable the soil to do uniform-speed rotating motion along with the motor, the motor is rotated in a certain speed increasing mode by controlling the rotating speed of the motor, and when the rotating speed reaches N, the rotating speed reaches N i When the soil is just separated from the disc, the soil can be thrown out, and the rotating speed of the motor is recorded. At this time, the tangential adhesive friction force between the soil and the corresponding workpiece can be represented by the formula F ═ M pi R i N i 2 A/900; wherein F is tangential adhesion friction, M is the weight of the soil to be measured, and N i The rotation speed of the soil when it leaves the disc surface, R i The distance between the center of the workpiece and the center of the disc. Therefore, the tangential desorption resistance of the soil, namely the resultant force of the tangential adhesion force and the friction force between the soil and the workpiece, is calculated by measuring the critical centrifugal force when the soil flies out from the disc, but the tangential adhesion force of the soil to the surface of the workpiece cannot be measured independently; due to the rotation speed N i At a certain increase, but at the actual critical speed N a In N i-1 And N i In between, resulting in large actual measurement errors; when the water content of the soil is high (close to or exceeds the liquid limit), the viscosity of the soil is low at the moment, the soil cannot be formed on the surface of a workpiece, and the soil is not guaranteed to be separated from the soil-workpiece interface during rotation and flying, so that the tangential adhesion friction force cannot be measured; the soil is required to obtain an initial acceleration at high speed detachment, and thus the calculated critical centrifugal force is greater than the adhesive friction force, resulting in a larger calculated value.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a torsional type soil tangential adhesion stress testing device and method, which can not only solve the problem that the movement obstruction caused by soil piles in the traditional horizontal dragging process causes larger measurement data, but also realize the accurate test of the tangential adhesion of the soil with high water content to the surface of the material.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and achieve the technical effects, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a torsional soil tangential adhesion stress testing device, including:
a pressurizing unit with a force sensor;
the clamping unit is connected with the pressurizing unit;
the soil containing disc is internally provided with soil;
the sample to be tested is connected with the clamping unit;
the controller is connected with the pressurizing unit and controls the pressurizing unit to drive the clamping unit to rotate at a preset speed at a constant speed; the controller also controls the pressurizing unit to pressurize the clamping unit, so that the surface of the sample to be tested is in contact with soil under a preset normal load;
the torque sensor is connected with the soil containing disc and used for measuring the torque of the soil containing disc; the torque sensor is further connected with the controller, and the controller calculates the tangential adhesion stress of the soil and the surface of the sample to be tested based on the torque and the preset normal load.
Optionally, the pressurizing unit comprises a first link, a force sensor and a second link connected in sequence.
Optionally, the clamping unit comprises a pressing disc and a sample clamp which are oppositely arranged and are connected through threads; a gap is arranged on the pressing disc; the part of the sample to be tested is positioned in an accommodating cavity formed by the pressing disc and the sample clamp, and the part of the sample to be tested protrudes out of a notch on the pressing disc.
Optionally, the calculation process of the tangential adhesion stress is as follows:
based on the torque values corresponding to different preset normal loads, calculating corresponding soil tangential desorption resistance, wherein the calculation formula of the soil tangential desorption resistance is as follows:
wherein tau is the soil tangential desorption resistance, M is the torque value, and D is the diameter of the part of the sample to be tested, which protrudes out of the gap on the compaction disc;
and (3) calculating the compressive stress of unit area on the contact surface of the soil and the sample to be measured, wherein the calculation formula of the compressive stress is as follows:
wherein σ is the compressive stress, and N is the normal load;
drawing a tau-sigma scatter diagram by combining a formula tau which is Ca + sigma tan phi, and performing linear fitting on scatter points, wherein Ca is the soil tangential adhesion stress;
and obtaining a linear equation based on the linear fitting result, wherein a constant term of the linear equation is tangential adhesion stress of the soil to the surface of the sample.
Optionally, the different preset normal loads include N1, N2, N3 and N4, and N4 > N3 > N2 > N1, and ensure that the continuity of the soil surface is not damaged under N4, and N1 is the self weight of the sample to be tested.
Optionally, the diameter D of the protruding part to be tested is 30-80mm, and the protruding height h is more than or equal to 2 mm.
Optionally, one side of the soil containing disc far away from the soil is provided with a third connecting rod, and the torque sensor is arranged in the third connecting rod.
Optionally, the torsional soil tangential adhesion stress testing device further comprises a display, and the display is respectively connected with the force sensor and the torque sensor in the pressurizing unit and displays the normal load and the torque of the soil containing disc.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a testing method suitable for the torsional soil tangential adhesion stress testing apparatus according to any one of the first aspect, including:
fixing a sample to be tested by using a clamping unit;
placing soil in the soil containing disc and ensuring that the upper surface of the soil and the upper surface of the soil containing disc are positioned on the same plane;
setting a normal load;
the controller is used for controlling the pressurizing unit to pressurize the clamping unit, so that the surface of the sample to be tested is in contact with soil under a preset normal load;
the controller is used for controlling the pressurizing unit to drive the clamping unit to rotate at a preset speed at a constant speed;
recording the torque by using a torque sensor;
and calculating the tangential adhesion stress of the soil and the surface of the sample to be tested by using a controller based on the torque and a preset normal load.
Optionally, the calculation process of the tangential adhesion stress is as follows:
based on the torque values corresponding to different preset normal loads, calculating corresponding soil tangential desorption resistance, wherein the calculation formula of the soil tangential desorption resistance is as follows:
wherein tau is the soil tangential desorption resistance, M is the torque value, and D is the diameter of the part of the sample to be tested, which protrudes out of the gap on the compaction disc;
and (3) calculating the compressive stress of unit area on the contact surface of the soil and the sample to be measured, wherein the calculation formula of the compressive stress is as follows:
wherein σ is the compressive stress, and N is the normal load;
drawing a tau-sigma scatter diagram by combining a formula tau which is Ca + sigma tan phi, and performing linear fitting on scatter points, wherein Ca is the soil tangential adhesion stress;
and obtaining a linear equation based on the linear fitting result, wherein a constant term of the linear equation is tangential adhesion stress of the soil to the surface of the sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a torsional type soil tangential adhesion stress testing device and method, which can not only solve the problem that the movement of soil piles is blocked in the traditional horizontal dragging process to cause larger measurement data, but also realize the accurate test of the tangential adhesion of soil to the surface of a material under high water content.
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, reference is now made to the following detailed description of the present disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a torsional soil tangential adhesion stress testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sample installation according to one embodiment of the present invention;
wherein:
1. the device comprises a first connecting rod, a force sensor 2, a second connecting rod 3, a compaction disc 4, a sample clamp 5, a sample 6, soil 7, a soil containing disc 8, a third connecting rod 9, a controller 10 and a display 11.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.
The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a torsional soil tangential adhesion stress testing device, which is shown in figures 1-2 and comprises:
a pressure unit with a force sensor 2; in a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the pressurizing unit includes a first link 1, a force sensor 2, and a second link 3 connected in sequence;
the clamping unit is connected with the pressurizing unit; in a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the invention, the clamping unit comprises a pressing disc 4 and a sample clamp 5 which are oppositely arranged, and the pressing disc and the sample clamp are connected through threads, so that a sample 6 to be tested cannot shake in a testing process; a gap is arranged on the pressing disc 4; the part of the sample 6 to be tested is positioned in an accommodating cavity formed by the pressing disc 4 and the sample clamp 5, and the part of the sample 6 to be tested protrudes out of a notch on the pressing disc 4; in the specific implementation process, the diameter D of the protruding part of the test to be tested is 30-80mm, and the protruding height h is more than or equal to 2 mm;
the soil containing disc 8 is internally provided with soil 7; the soil containing disc 8 can contain the soil 7 with different water contents and different soil 7 properties, and ensures that the soil 7 can not flow when the water content is high;
the sample to be tested 6 is connected with the clamping unit;
the controller 10 is connected with the pressurizing unit and controls the pressurizing unit to drive the clamping unit to rotate at a preset speed at a constant speed; the controller 10 also controls the pressurizing unit to pressurize the clamping unit, so that the surface of the sample 6 to be tested is contacted with the soil 7 under a preset normal load; the control range of the rotating speed is 0-10r/min, the resolution is 0.1r/min, the maximum loading load is 0-500N, and the resolution of the force sensor 2 is 0.1N.
The torque sensor is connected with the soil containing disc 8 and used for measuring the torque of the soil containing disc 8; the torque sensor is also connected with the controller 10, and the controller 10 calculates the tangential adhesion stress of the soil 7 and the surface of the sample 6 to be tested based on the torque and the preset normal load; in a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the invention, a third connecting rod 9 is arranged on one side of the soil containing disc 8 far away from the soil 7, and the torque sensor is arranged in the third connecting rod 9;
and the display 11 is respectively connected with the force sensor and the torque sensor in the pressurizing unit, displays the normal load acting on the surface of the soil 7 and the torque of the third connecting rod 9, and can store data.
The calculation process of the tangential adhesion stress is as follows:
based on the torque values corresponding to different preset normal loads, calculating corresponding soil tangential desorption resistance, wherein the calculation formula of the soil tangential desorption resistance is as follows:
wherein tau is soil tangential desorption resistance, M is a torque value, and D is the diameter of the part of the sample 6 to be tested, which protrudes out of the gap on the compaction disc 4;
and (3) calculating the compressive stress of unit area on the contact surface of the soil 7 and the sample 6 to be measured, wherein the calculation formula of the compressive stress is as follows:
wherein σ is the compressive stress, and N is the normal load;
drawing a tau-sigma scatter diagram by combining a formula tau which is Ca + sigma tan phi, and performing linear fitting on scatter points, wherein Ca is the soil tangential adhesion stress;
and obtaining a linear equation based on the linear fitting result, wherein a constant term of the linear equation is tangential adhesion stress of the soil to the surface of the sample.
In the practical application process, the different preset normal loads comprise N1, N2, N3 and N4, N4 is larger than N3 is larger than N2 is larger than N1, the continuity of the surface of the soil 7 is guaranteed not to be damaged under the condition that N4 is used, and N1 is the dead weight of the sample 6 to be tested.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a testing method applicable to the torsional soil tangential adhesion stress testing device in embodiment 1, which specifically comprises the following steps:
fixing a sample 6 to be tested by using a clamping unit;
placing soil 7 in the soil containing disc 8 and ensuring that the upper surface of the soil 7 and the upper surface of the soil containing disc 8 are positioned on the same plane;
setting a normal load;
controlling a pressurizing unit to pressurize the clamping unit by using a controller 10, so that the surface of the sample 6 to be tested is contacted with the soil 7 under a preset normal load;
the controller 10 is used for controlling the pressurizing unit to drive the clamping unit to rotate at a preset speed at a constant speed;
recording the torque by using a torque sensor;
and calculating the tangential adhesion stress of the soil 7 and the surface of the sample 6 to be measured by using the controller 10 based on the torque and the preset normal load.
The following describes the test method in the examples of the present invention in detail with reference to a specific embodiment.
1. Installing a sample 6 to be tested to ensure that loosening and shaking do not occur; placing soil 7 in the soil containing disc 8, compacting and compacting, scraping redundant soil 7 by using a geotechnical cutter, and ensuring that the upper surface of the soil 7 and the upper surface of the soil containing disc 8 are in the same plane;
2. resetting the system to ensure that the pressure value and the torque value displayed on the display 11 are zero;
3. setting a normal load, wherein the initial normal load recommends the dead weight of the test sample 6 to be measured and is counted as N1;
4. the controller 10 controls the first connecting rod 1 and the second connecting rod 3 to drive the power sensor 2, the pressing disc 4, the sample clamp 5 and the sample 6 to be tested to move downwards, and when the pressure value displayed on the display 11 is the set normal load +/-0.5N, the downward movement is stopped;
5. setting any rotation speed (0-4r/min), controlling the first connecting rod 1, the second connecting rod 3, the driving force sensor 2, the pressing disc 4, the sample clamp 5 and the sample 6 to be tested to rotate at a constant speed through the controller 10, and stopping rotating when the torque displayed on the display 11 tends to be stable, wherein the displayed torque is marked as M1;
6. three normal loads of N2-N4 are arranged in a gradient manner as large as possible, so that N4 is more than N3 is more than N2 is more than N1, and the continuity of the surface of the soil 7 under N4 is not damaged; repeating the steps 3-5 based on different normal loads to obtain corresponding torque values under different normal loads, and marking as M2-M4;
the complete procedure for calculating the tangential adhesion of the soil 7, based on the 4 sets of data measured above, is as follows:
1. torque transmitted to the third link 9 through the soil 7:
calculating the tangential desorption resistance through a torque formula:
wherein tau is the soil tangential desorption resistance, M is the value displayed by the display 11 at the torque stabilization stage, and D is the diameter of the protruding part of the sample 6 to be tested;
2. substituting the measured M1-M4 torque value into a soil tangential desorption resistance calculation formula to obtain four groups of tangential desorption resistances of tau 1-tau 4;
3. when the reference soil 7 moves tangentially, the tangential desorption resistance tau is Ca + sigma tan phi, wherein Ca is the soil tangential adhesion stress, sigma is the pressure stress of unit area on the contact surface of the soil 7 and the sample, and the calculation method is that
Drawing a tau-sigma scatter diagram by adopting data analysis software, and performing linear fitting on the scatter diagram by using a data analysis tool; after fitting, confirming that the P value is less than or equal to 0.05, and ensuring the data validity; if the P value is more than or equal to 0.05, repeating the testing and calculating steps to obtain a new data combination, and removing abnormal data until the P value is less than or equal to 0.05;
4. based on the linear fitting result, the intercept of the straight line on the Y axis or the constant term of the linear equation is obtained to be the tangential adhesion stress of the soil 7 to the surface of the sample.
In conclusion, it can be seen that:
(1) according to the torsional soil tangential adhesion stress testing device, the traditional mode of horizontally measuring the tangential desorption resistance is replaced by the mode of calculating the tangential desorption resistance by using the rotation torque measurement, so that the experimental error is reduced, and the accuracy of data is ensured.
(2) The invention adopts the microcomputer to control the loading, can realize the normal continuous loading, has more uniform and stable loading stress and ensures that the data obtained by the experiment is more stable.
(3) The invention provides an arrangement method of a force sensor and a torque sensor, so that experimental errors are reduced to the maximum extent and equipment safety is guaranteed.
(4) The invention stipulates the selection standard of the normal load, can effectively reduce the experimental amount and ensure the data reliability.
(5) The invention provides a method for calculating tangential desorption resistance and obtaining tangential adhesion force based on a torque test, which ensures scientific reasonability of a calculation process, thereby ensuring the real effectiveness of the tangential adhesion force.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A torsional soil tangential adhesion stress testing device is characterized by comprising:
a pressurizing unit with a force sensor;
the clamping unit is connected with the pressurizing unit;
the soil containing disc is internally provided with soil;
the sample to be tested is connected with the clamping unit;
the controller is connected with the pressurizing unit and controls the pressurizing unit to drive the clamping unit to rotate at a preset speed at a constant speed;
the controller also controls the pressurizing unit to pressurize the clamping unit, so that the surface of the sample to be tested is in contact with soil under a preset normal load;
the torque sensor is connected with the soil containing disc and used for measuring the torque of the soil containing disc; the torque sensor is also connected with the controller, and the controller calculates the tangential adhesion stress of the soil and the surface of the sample to be tested based on the torque and a preset normal load;
the clamping unit comprises a pressing disc and a sample clamp which are oppositely arranged and are connected through threads; a gap is arranged on the pressing disc; the part of the sample to be tested is positioned in an accommodating cavity formed by the compaction disc and the sample clamp, and the part of the sample to be tested protrudes out of a notch on the compaction disc;
the calculation process of the tangential adhesion stress is as follows:
based on the torque values corresponding to different preset normal loads, calculating corresponding soil tangential desorption resistance, wherein the calculation formula of the soil tangential desorption resistance is as follows:
wherein tau is the soil tangential desorption resistance, M is the torque value, and D is the diameter of the part of the sample to be tested, which protrudes out of the gap on the compaction disc;
and (3) calculating the compressive stress of unit area on the contact surface of the soil and the sample to be measured, wherein the calculation formula of the compressive stress is as follows:
wherein σ is the compressive stress, and N is the normal load;
drawing a tau-sigma scatter diagram by combining a formula tau which is Ca + sigma tan phi, and performing linear fitting on scatter points, wherein Ca is the soil tangential adhesion stress;
and obtaining a linear equation based on the linear fitting result, wherein a constant term of the linear equation is tangential adhesion stress of the soil to the surface of the sample.
2. The torsional soil tangential adhesion stress testing device of claim 1, wherein: the pressurizing unit comprises a first connecting rod, a force sensor and a second connecting rod which are connected in sequence.
3. The torsional soil tangential adhesion stress testing device of claim 1, wherein: the different preset normal loads comprise N1, N2, N3 and N4, N4 is larger than N3 is larger than N2 is larger than N1, the continuity of the soil surface is guaranteed not to be damaged under N4, and N1 is the self weight of the sample to be tested.
4. The torsional soil tangential adhesion stress testing device of claim 1, wherein: the diameter D of the protruding part of the sample to be tested is 30-80mm, and the protruding height h is more than or equal to 2 mm.
5. The torsional soil tangential adhesion stress testing device of claim 1, wherein: one side of the soil containing disc far away from the soil is provided with a third connecting rod, and the torque sensor is arranged in the third connecting rod.
6. The torsional soil tangential adhesion stress testing device of claim 1, wherein: the torsional soil tangential adhesion stress testing device further comprises a display, wherein the display is respectively connected with the force sensor and the torque sensor in the pressurizing unit and displays the normal load and the torque of the soil containing disc.
7. A testing method suitable for the torsional soil tangential adhesion stress testing device of any one of claims 1-6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
fixing a sample to be tested by using a clamping unit;
placing soil in the soil containing disc and ensuring that the upper surface of the soil and the upper surface of the soil containing disc are positioned on the same plane;
setting a normal load;
the controller is used for controlling the pressurizing unit to pressurize the clamping unit, so that the surface of the sample to be tested is in contact with soil under a preset normal load;
the controller is used for controlling the pressurizing unit to drive the clamping unit to rotate at a preset speed at a constant speed;
recording the torque by using a torque sensor;
and calculating the tangential adhesion stress of the soil and the surface of the sample to be tested by using a controller based on the torque and a preset normal load.
8. The torsional soil tangential adhesion stress test method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the tangential adhesion stress is calculated by the following process:
based on the torque values corresponding to different preset normal loads, calculating corresponding soil tangential desorption resistance, wherein the calculation formula of the soil tangential desorption resistance is as follows:
wherein tau is the soil tangential desorption resistance, M is the torque value, and D is the diameter of the part of the sample to be tested, which protrudes out of the gap on the compaction disc;
and (3) calculating the compressive stress of unit area on the contact surface of the soil and the sample to be measured, wherein the calculation formula of the compressive stress is as follows:
wherein σ is the compressive stress, and N is the normal load;
drawing a tau-sigma scatter diagram by combining a formula tau which is Ca + sigma tan phi, and performing linear fitting on scatter points, wherein Ca is the soil tangential adhesion stress;
and obtaining a linear equation based on the linear fitting result, wherein a constant term of the linear equation is tangential adhesion stress of the soil to the surface of the sample.
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| CN114112902A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-01 | 株洲中车时代半导体有限公司 | Silicon gel interface adhesion strength testing device and quantitative testing method thereof |
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| CN117233085B (en) * | 2023-11-14 | 2024-01-12 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Ice layer adhesion force testing device and method |
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