CN113324812A - Weak-adhesion controllable defect test piece and manufacturing technology and nondestructive testing method thereof - Google Patents
Weak-adhesion controllable defect test piece and manufacturing technology and nondestructive testing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001085205 Prenanthella exigua Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011157 advanced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Cu].CC(O)=CC(C)=O.CC(O)=CC(C)=O ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
- G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of composite material bonding, and particularly relates to a weak bonding controllable defect test piece, a manufacturing technology thereof and a nondestructive testing method. The technology comprises the steps of paving a clean auxiliary template on the upper surface of a lower laminated plate, and uniformly spraying a catalyst capable of accelerating the curing of an adhesive film on the auxiliary template; taking out the auxiliary template, uniformly paving an adhesive film on the upper surface of the lower laminated plate attached with the catalyst, and then adhering the upper laminated plate on the lower laminated plate to obtain a first preparation test piece; pre-curing the first preparation test piece to cure the adhesive film in contact with the catalyst to obtain a second preparation test piece; and the second preliminary test piece is subjected to integral curing of the adhesive film according to the curing system of the adhesive film to obtain the weak adhesive bonding controllable defect test piece. The method realizes the reliable and repeatable weak bonding defect in the bonding joint by utilizing the physical and chemical action of the catalyst and the adhesive film, and has guiding significance for developing a nondestructive evaluation technology capable of detecting the weak bonding defect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of composite material bonding, and particularly relates to a weak bonding controllable defect test piece, a manufacturing technology thereof and a nondestructive testing method.
Background
The adhesive joint is a common connecting mode of the composite material, has the advantages of keeping structural integrity, reducing joint weight, improving the sealing performance of a joint, avoiding stress concentration caused by drilling and the like, and is widely applied to aerospace structural members.
In the composite material bonding process, Weak bonding defects (Weak bond or Kissing bond) can occur on the bonded joint due to improper surface treatment or curing process and the like. The presence of these weak adhesion defects still ensures the contact between the substrate and the joint, but without the effect of adhesion, it is difficult to detect by conventional non-destructive testing methods, but it greatly reduces the mechanical properties of the joint. Experiments prove that when the porosity is lower than 5%, the interlaminar shear performance of the composite material is reduced by 6-10% and the bending strength is reduced by about 10% when the interlaminar shear performance is increased by 1%. This becomes a significant challenge for the safe service of advanced composites for aviation. Therefore, the fabrication of reliable and repeatable weak bond defects in bonded joints is of great interest in developing non-destructive evaluation techniques capable of detecting weak bond defects.
The traditional manufacturing method of different weak bonding defect test pieces is realized by changing a curing process, a built-in pollution layer and the like. However, the defects of the weak bonding manufactured by the methods are not uniformly distributed or have a large defect ratio, so that the real state of the weak bonding defect cannot be simulated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of uneven distribution and large occupation ratio of defects of the existing weak bonding method, and provides a weak bonding controllable defect test piece, a manufacturing technology thereof and a nondestructive testing method.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a manufacturing technology of a weak adhesion controllable defect test piece, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1: paving a clean auxiliary template on the upper surface of the lower laminated plate, and uniformly spraying a catalyst capable of accelerating the curing of the adhesive film on the auxiliary template, so that the catalyst is attached to the upper surface of the lower laminated plate through the preformed holes of the auxiliary template; the auxiliary template is provided with a plurality of through preformed holes according to design information;
s2: taking out the auxiliary template, uniformly paving an adhesive film on the upper surface of the lower laminated plate attached with the catalyst, and then adhering the upper laminated plate on the lower laminated plate to obtain a first preparation test piece;
s3: pre-curing the first preparation test piece to cure the adhesive film in contact with the catalyst to obtain a second preparation test piece;
s4: and the second preliminary test piece is subjected to integral curing of the adhesive film according to the curing system of the adhesive film to obtain the weak adhesive bonding controllable defect test piece.
Preferably, the upper laminate and the lower laminate are the same size and are both prepared by curing prepreg.
Preferably, the prepreg is a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin prepreg.
Preferably, the auxiliary template material is made of polytetrafluoroethylene with the thickness of 0.15 mm.
Preferably, the design information includes the size, shape, proportion and distribution of the prepared holes.
Preferably, the adhesive film is an epoxy/amine curing system.
Further, the catalyst comprises one or more of alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, tertiary amines, amides, lewis acids, polyamines, imidazoles and metal salts.
Preferably, in step S2, the upper laminate and the lower laminate are bonded by a double bonding process.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a weak bond controlled defect test piece manufactured according to the manufacturing technique of any one of the first aspect.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a nondestructive testing method for the weak-adhesion controllable defect test piece in the second aspect, namely, the CT nondestructive testing technology is used for carrying out nondestructive testing on the weak-adhesion controllable defect test piece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention realizes the uniform distribution of weak bonding defects on the bonding interface by the physical and chemical action of the catalyst and the adhesive film, and can manufacture reliable and repeatable weak bonding controllable defect test pieces which are close to the real state. The invention can manufacture the weak-adhesion controllable defect test piece with stable, repeatable and strong controllability defects, the defect size, the proportion, the shape, the distribution information and the like of the weak-adhesion controllable defect test piece can be flexibly adjusted according to the requirements, and the key first step is undoubtedly solved for the research of developing related mechanical properties and nondestructive testing methods.
On the other hand, the invention realizes the manufacture of the test piece with controllable properties such as the size, the distribution and the like of the known defects for the nondestructive detection in the defect detection of the weak bonding, the defects can not be mutually communicated, the real state of the weak bonding can be effectively simulated, and the invention has great significance for developing the nondestructive evaluation technology capable of detecting the defects of the weak bonding.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of preformed holes on an auxiliary template in the example;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the nondestructive testing results of the test piece with the controllable defects of weak adhesive bonding in the example.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated and described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. The technical features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without mutual conflict.
The invention provides a manufacturing technology of a weak adhesive bonding controllable defect test piece, which mainly utilizes the physical and chemical action between a catalyst and an adhesive film and generates the weak adhesive bonding defect of determined size, shape, proportion and distribution information in an adhesive joint by an auxiliary template, and the manufacturing technology is concretely as follows:
1) firstly, processing and manufacturing an auxiliary template according to the weak bonding defect design information to be obtained. Namely, a plurality of preformed holes are processed on the auxiliary template by utilizing a carving machine, and the preformed holes are used for determining the size, the shape, the proportion and the distribution condition of the weak adhesion defects. Wherein, the size refers to the size of the hole of each prepared hole; the shape refers to the opening shape of each prepared hole, such as a circle or a square; the occupation ratio refers to the ratio of the opening area of all the reserved holes to the area of the auxiliary template; the distribution condition refers to the opening position of each preformed hole, and all the preformed holes can be uniformly distributed or in a special arrangement mode. Fig. 1 shows an auxiliary template used in the present embodiment.
In practical application, the auxiliary template is made of a material which is thin, good in paving performance and not prone to deformation, for example, a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film can be used, and the thickness can be 0.15mm, so that the auxiliary template is guaranteed to have good paving performance while not deforming.
2) Subsequently, an upper laminate and a lower laminate are produced, and the upper laminate and the lower laminate are made of the same size, material and production method. The method comprises the steps of firstly designing the size and thickness of an upper laminated plate and a lower laminated plate according to different test requirements or standards, then cutting (size) and laying (thickness) a prepreg according to the design requirements, completing curing according to a curing system of the prepreg, and then machining the laminated plate obtained after curing by using a high-precision surface grinder to obtain the upper laminated plate and the lower laminated plate with the same size. The prepreg may be a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy prepreg or other suitable material.
In this embodiment, after cutting and laying the prepreg, laying peelable cloth, an isolation film and an air felt on the surface of the prepreg in sequence, packaging the prepreg in a tank by using a vacuum bag, and completing curing according to a curing system of the prepreg, wherein the cutting size of the prepreg is 100mm × 100 mm; the laminate obtained after curing was then machined by a high-precision surface grinder to obtain an upper laminate and a lower laminate of the same dimensions, the machined dimensions being 90mm × 90 mm.
3) Paving an auxiliary template which is cleaned by alcohol scrubbing on the lower laminated plate after surface treatment, and then uniformly spraying a catalyst on the auxiliary template to enable the catalyst to be attached to the upper surface of the lower laminated plate through the preformed holes of the auxiliary template. Then the auxiliary template is taken down, and the catalyst attached to the lower laminate is matched with the size, shape, proportion and distribution of the preformed holes on the auxiliary template.
4) And uniformly paving adhesive films on the upper surface of the lower laminated plate attached with the catalyst, covering the upper laminated plate subjected to surface treatment above the lower laminated plate, and adhering and fixing the upper laminated plate and the lower laminated plate through a secondary adhering process to obtain a first preliminary test piece. Because the catalyst can accelerate the curing of the adhesive film, compared with the adhesive film without the catalyst, the adhesive film can be cured in advance to achieve the effect of failure. Thus, a two-step curing process was performed, specifically as follows: firstly, pre-curing a first preliminary test piece, namely curing an adhesive film in contact with a catalyst at a certain temperature and time to obtain a second preliminary test piece, wherein the part of the adhesive film not in contact with the catalyst is not cured; and then, the second preliminary test piece is used for finishing the integral curing of the adhesive film according to the curing system of the adhesive film to obtain the weakly-bonded controllable defect test piece, and the adhesive film in the weakly-bonded controllable defect test piece is integrally cured at the moment. That is, the two-step curing process is to cure a part of the adhesive film in contact with the catalyst first, and then cure the entire adhesive film, and in the second-step curing process, the part of the adhesive film in contact with the catalyst fails in advance and forms a weak adhesive joint defect. The two-step curing process is used to better bond the laminate and the adhesive film, and if the autoclave curing (second curing) is directly performed without the first curing process, the voids of the test piece are increased.
In practical application, the material selection of the adhesive film and the catalyst should be adapted, for example, the adhesive film can adopt an epoxy resin/amine curing system, and the catalyst adapted to the adhesive film can adopt a series of accelerators suitable for the epoxy resin/amine system, such as alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, tertiary amines, amides, lewis acids, polyamines, imidazoles, metal salts and the like. Of course, other combinations of materials for the adhesive film and the catalyst may be used.
In this example, the adhesive film employs an epoxy resin/amine curing system, and the catalyst employs copper acetylacetonate; the first step of pre-curing is carried out by using an oven, the temperature is 60 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours; and secondly, curing by using an autoclave, wherein the curing system is specifically that the curing pressure is 6.5bar, the curing temperature is 120 ℃, and the curing time is 2 hours, namely, an isolation film and an air felt are sequentially paved on the surface of the second preliminary test piece, and are packaged into a tank by using a vacuum bag, so that the overall curing of the adhesive film is completed, and the weak adhesion controllable defect test piece is obtained.
The method is characterized in that the CT nondestructive testing technology is utilized to carry out nondestructive testing on the prepared weak-adhesion controllable defect test piece, and in order to facilitate the nondestructive testing, the high-precision surface grinding machine can be utilized to process the weak-adhesion controllable defect test piece into a panel with a certain size. In this example, the panel size obtained by machining was 40mm × 40mm, and the margin of the edge was not less than 10mm by machining each time. After the CT equipment carries out tomography scanning on the panel, a series of tomograms are generated, the obtained tomograms are overlapped to form images of a test piece (three-dimensional), and then weak adhesion defects are identified according to the images, so that nondestructive detection on the test piece with the weak adhesion controllable defects is completed. The test results obtained in this example are shown in fig. 2, in which the circular bright white area is the weak adhesive defect and the gray black portion is the laminate. The result shows that the weak bonding defects manufactured by the catalyst are all detected by CT, and the detectability of the simulated weak bonding defects is ensured.
The invention realizes the uniform distribution of the weak bonding defects on the bonding interface through the physical and chemical action of the catalyst and the adhesive film, and the manufactured weak bonding defects are stable, repeatable, highly controllable, simple and efficient in manufacturing process and low in cost. The defect proportion, the shape, the distribution information and the like of the test piece can be flexibly adjusted, the defects are not mutually communicated, the real state of the weak bonding defect can be simulated, and the critical first step is undoubtedly solved for the research of developing related mechanical properties and nondestructive testing methods. Researches show that the minimum size of the defect prepared by the method can reach 0.5mm, and the ratio can reach 1% at least.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scheme obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A manufacturing technology of a weak adhesion controllable defect test piece is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: paving a clean auxiliary template on the upper surface of the lower laminated plate, and uniformly spraying a catalyst capable of accelerating the curing of the adhesive film on the auxiliary template, so that the catalyst is attached to the upper surface of the lower laminated plate through the preformed holes of the auxiliary template; the auxiliary template is provided with a plurality of through preformed holes according to design information;
s2: taking out the auxiliary template, uniformly paving an adhesive film on the upper surface of the lower laminated plate attached with the catalyst, and then adhering the upper laminated plate on the lower laminated plate to obtain a first preparation test piece;
s3: pre-curing the first preparation test piece to cure the adhesive film in contact with the catalyst to obtain a second preparation test piece;
s4: and the second preliminary test piece is subjected to integral curing of the adhesive film according to the curing system of the adhesive film to obtain the weak adhesive bonding controllable defect test piece.
2. The technique of claim 1, wherein the upper and lower laminates are identical in size and are made by curing prepreg.
3. The manufacturing technology of the weak adhesion controllable defect test piece according to claim 1, wherein the prepreg is a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin prepreg.
4. The manufacturing technique of the weak adhesion controllable defect test piece as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auxiliary template material is polytetrafluoroethylene with a thickness of 0.15 mm.
5. The manufacturing technique of a weak adhesion controllable defect test piece according to claim 1, wherein the design information includes the size, shape, ratio and distribution of the prepared holes.
6. The manufacturing technique of the weak adhesion controllable defect test piece according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive film is an epoxy/amine curing system.
7. The manufacturing technique of the weak adhesive bonding controllable defect test piece according to claim 6, wherein the catalyst comprises one or more of alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, tertiary amines, amides, Lewis acids, polyamines, imidazoles and metal salts.
8. The technique of claim 1, wherein the upper laminate sheet and the lower laminate sheet are bonded by a double bonding process in step S2.
9. A weak-adhesion controllable defect test piece manufactured by the manufacturing technology according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A method for non-destructive testing of the controlled defect test piece of weak adhesive bonding according to claim 9, wherein the controlled defect test piece of weak adhesive bonding is non-destructively tested by CT non-destructive testing.
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| CN202110564392.4A CN113324812A (en) | 2021-05-24 | 2021-05-24 | Weak-adhesion controllable defect test piece and manufacturing technology and nondestructive testing method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140272324A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Cal Poly Corporation | Designed defects in laminate composites |
| US20190091947A1 (en) * | 2017-09-24 | 2019-03-28 | The Boeing Company | Partial curing of thermoset composites |
| CN111415877A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-07-14 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Manufacturing method and mold of solar cell bonding quality detection standard sample |
| CN112033874A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2020-12-04 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Method for obtaining porosity and interface strength of composite material cementing interface |
| CN112083304A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-12-15 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of sample for simulating layered defect of insulator insert |
| CN112248482A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-01-22 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | Preparation method of internal delamination defect of composite material |
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2021
- 2021-05-24 CN CN202110564392.4A patent/CN113324812A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140272324A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Cal Poly Corporation | Designed defects in laminate composites |
| US20190091947A1 (en) * | 2017-09-24 | 2019-03-28 | The Boeing Company | Partial curing of thermoset composites |
| CN112033874A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2020-12-04 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Method for obtaining porosity and interface strength of composite material cementing interface |
| CN111415877A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-07-14 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Manufacturing method and mold of solar cell bonding quality detection standard sample |
| CN112083304A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-12-15 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of sample for simulating layered defect of insulator insert |
| CN112248482A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-01-22 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | Preparation method of internal delamination defect of composite material |
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| Title |
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| 陈照峰: "《无损检测》", 31 August 2015 * |
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