CN113324538B - Cooperative target remote high-precision six-degree-of-freedom pose measurement method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a remote high-precision six-degree-of-freedom pose measurement method for a cooperative target, which comprises the following steps of: (1) Acquiring an initial six-degree-of-freedom pose and an initial depth value of a cooperative target; (2) calculating a laser spot circular equation; (3) Solving an equation of a space straight line determined by two three-dimensional space points of the initial position and the optical center of the camera; (4) Solving the intersection point of the facula circle and the space straight line, and correcting the initial pose; (5) And further optimizing the correction result by using a nonlinear optimization method. According to the method, the large error in the monocular vision pose measuring sight direction is corrected by means of the accurate depth value provided by the laser range finder, and meanwhile, the interference error caused by laser spot dispersion of the laser range finder can be eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pose measurement based on multi-sensor fusion, in particular to a cooperative target long-distance high-precision six-degree-of-freedom pose measurement method.
Background
The target high-precision pose measurement with six degrees of freedom is beneficial to realizing precise and efficient machine operation, so that the method is widely applied to the fields of autonomous robots, precision machining, spacecraft docking and the like. Monocular vision is a non-contact six-degree-of-freedom attitude measurement method, has the advantages of low hardware complexity, high precision, wide measurement range and the like, and is one of the most common six-degree-of-freedom attitude measurement methods at present. However, due to the limitations of the model itself, the measurement accuracy along the optical axis of the camera is usually much lower than the measurement accuracy along the other two directions, and according to Zhao Lianjun et al, "single-eye three-point position measurement accuracy analysis" (see "optical precision engineering", vol 2014 22 (5)), the measurement accuracy along the optical axis of the camera is only one twentieth of that along the other two directions.
According to the position and pose measuring system of monocular camera-laser ranging sensor (see optical journal, volume 31 (3) pages 85-91) of Chaozhi et al, the depth value provided by the laser range finder is utilized to directly replace the displacement value in the visual line direction in the monocular vision position and pose measuring result, and the error caused by laser spot dispersion is not considered, so that the correction effect is limited and only millimeter-level precision can be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cooperative target remote high-precision six-degree-of-freedom pose measurement method, which is a solution based on multi-sensor fusion, aiming at the problem of large measurement error along the optical axis direction of a camera in the existing monocular vision measurement. The method can correct the initial pose measured by the camera by using the accurate depth information obtained by the laser range finder, and can eliminate the measurement error caused by laser spot dispersion. The method establishes a light spot diffusion circle, determines a straight line where an initial measurement position and a camera light center point are located, and then converts the fusion problem of two sensors into a geometric problem of solving the intersection point of a space circular surface and a space straight line. The calculated intersection point is the corrected measurement pose, and after correction, the displacement measurement precision along the sight line direction is higher than that of the other two directions.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a cooperative target remote high-precision six-degree-of-freedom pose measurement method comprises the following steps:
step (1) obtaining a cooperative target image, and resolving an initial pose T of the cooperative target according to a PnP algorithm i ＝[R i |t i ]Where R represents attitude information, t represents displacement information, and subscript i represents that this is the initial result;
the specific process of the step (1) is as follows:
step (11), a camera is used for imaging to obtain a cooperation target image, and then the sub-pixel coordinates of the feature imaging center point of the cooperation target are extracted based on a gray scale gravity center method
And performing a 3D cooperation feature point P on the cooperation target i T (i =1,2,3,4) and corresponding 2D imaging point on picture
Matching;
step (12) based on a PnP algorithm, performing pose calculation on the 2D-3D matching points by using the 4 pairs in the step (11) to obtain a pose transformation relation T of a cooperative target coordinate system relative to a camera optical center coordinate system i ＝[R i |t i ]。
Step (2), measuring accurate depth information D by using laser range finder a 。
Step (3) utilizing the accurate depth information in the step (2)D a Correcting the initial pose T in the step (1) i ＝[R i |t i ]Obtaining the corrected pose T a ＝[R a |t a ]Wherein the subscript a represents that this is the corrected result;
the specific process of the step (3) is as follows:
step (31), in a camera coordinate system, measuring the initial position coordinates through a camera
And origin O = [0 0 ] of optical center coordinate system of camera] T A straight line L can be determined OT The equation is
Where the superscript i represents this is the initial result, { l, m, n } denotes the parameters of the straight line;
step (32), the conversion relation between the laser range finder coordinate system and the camera optical center coordinate system is calibrated in advance, and can be represented by a space three-dimensional point and a space direction vector:
O LO ＝[x L ,y L ,z L ] T
n LO ＝[n xL ,n yL ,n zL ] T
wherein x is L 、y L 、z L The coordinate values of the origin position of the coordinate system of the laser range finder in the X, Y and Z directions of the camera coordinate system, n xL 、n yL 、n zL Euler rotation angle from the camera coordinate system to the laser rangefinder coordinate system.
Because the tail end of the laser has certain dispersion, the laser spot is not an accurate point but has certain size, and the laser spot is assumed to be dispersed into a circle with the radius of r without loss of generality. Since we know the representation of the laser range finder coordinate system in the camera coordinate system and the measured distance value of the laser range finder, we can find the coordinate P = [ x ] of the laser spot face center point r ,y r ,z r ] T And then solve through the above conditionsEquation of circle of confusion:
step (33) of obtaining the straight line L determined in step (31) OT And (4) intersecting the circular surface determined in the step (32), wherein the obtained coordinates of the intersection point are the corrected cooperative target position. The joint equation is as follows:
solving the equation will obtain the corrected coordinates of the position of the cooperative target
Wherein the superscript a represents that this is the corrected result; by t a Updating T i ＝[R i |t i ]Obtaining the pose T after primary correction by the displacement component in a ＝[R a |t a ]。
Step (4) of utilizing a nonlinear optimization method to correct pose T obtained in the step (3) a ＝[R a |t a ]Further optimization is carried out, and a specific optimization model is as follows:
wherein,
for 2D imaged points on the picture, pro (P) i T ) A reprojection function representing the feature points on the spatial cooperative target, λ is a weighting factor, typically set to 5,
indicating the value of the Z-direction displacement after correction,
representing the initial Z-direction displacement value, minimizing the above formula can obtain a more accurate pose T' a ＝[R′ a |t′ a ]。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The invention solves the problem of larger error in the direction of the sight line in the existing monocular pose measuring method;
(2) The invention eliminates the error caused by laser spot dispersion in the existing method for fusing the camera and the laser range finder;
(3) The invention has the advantages of extremely high precision, small calculated amount and high stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a detailed flow chart of a remote high-precision six-degree-of-freedom pose measurement method for a cooperative target according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a target coordinate layout of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an image point of a cooperative target feature of the present invention in the camera plane;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the fusion method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The specific flow chart of the remote high-precision six-degree-of-freedom pose measurement method for the cooperative target is shown in figure 1, and the test distance is set to be 10 meters. The cooperative target design is shown in fig. 2, and the accurate coordinates of the six LEDs calibrated by the three-coordinate measuring machine are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 exact coordinates of six LEDs
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step (1) obtaining a cooperative target image, and resolving an initial pose T of the cooperative target according to a PnP algorithm i ＝[R i |t i ]The specific process of the step (1) is as follows:
step (11), camera imaging is carried out, and then the sub-pixel coordinates of the imaging center point of the feature of the cooperative target are extracted based on a gray scale gravity center method
(FIG. 3 is the image of the cooperative target feature in a certain experiment, and Table 2 is the sub-pixel image coordinates of the imaging point), and proceeds to the 3D cooperative feature point P on the cooperative target i T (i =1,2,3,4) and corresponding 2D imaging point on picture
Matching;
TABLE 2 sub-Pixel coordinates of imaging points
Step (12) based on a PnP algorithm, performing pose calculation on the 2D-3D matching points by using the 4 pairs in the step (11) to obtain a pose transformation relation T of a cooperative target coordinate system relative to a camera optical center coordinate system i ＝[R i |t i ]. Table 3 shows the initial pose obtained for this measurement.
TABLE 3 initial pose measured
Step (2), measuring accurate depth information D by using laser range finder a 。
Step (3) of utilizing the accurate depth information D in the step (2) a Correcting the initial pose T in the step (1) i ＝[R i |t i ]Obtaining corrected accurate pose T a ＝[R a |t a ]The specific process of the step (3) is as follows:
step (31), in a camera coordinate system, measuring the initial position coordinates through a camera
And origin O = [0 0 ] of optical center coordinate system of camera] T A straight line L can be determined OT The equation is
Step (32), the conversion relation between the coordinate system of the laser range finder and the coordinate system of the optical center of the camera is calibrated in advance, and can be represented by a space three-dimensional point and a space direction vector:
O LO ＝[x L ,y L ,z L ] T
n LO ＝[n xL ,n yL ,n zL ] T
wherein x is L 、y L 、z L Respectively the coordinate value n of the origin position of the coordinate system of the laser range finder in the X, Y and Z directions of the camera coordinate system xL 、n yL 、n zL Euler rotation angle from the camera coordinate system to the laser rangefinder coordinate system.
Because the tail end of the laser has certain dispersion, the laser spot is not an accurate point but has certain size, and the generality is not lost, and the laser spot is assumed to be dispersed into a circle with the radius of r. Since the representation of the rangefinder coordinate system in the camera coordinate system and the measured distance length of the laser rangefinder are known, the coordinate P = (x) of the laser spot center point can be found r ,y r ,z r ) And then solving the equation of the diffusion circle through the conditions:
step (33) of obtaining the straight line L determined in step (31) OT And (4) intersecting the circular surface determined in the step (32), wherein the obtained coordinates of the intersecting point are corrected coordinates of the cooperative target position. The joint equation is as follows:
solving this equation will result in corrected coordinates of the cooperative target location
By t a Updating T i ＝[R i |t i ]Obtaining the pose T after primary correction by the displacement component in a ＝[R a |t a ]. Table 4 shows the pose corrected by this measurement value.
TABLE 4 pose obtained by correcting measured values
Step (4) of utilizing a nonlinear optimization method to correct pose T obtained in the step (3) a ＝[R a |t a ]The precision is further optimized and improved, and the specific optimization model is as follows:
minimizing the upper formula will result in a more accurate pose T' a ＝[R′ a |t′ a ]. Table 5 shows the pose obtained by further optimizing the correction result AT this time, the pose measured by the AT460 laser range finder (which can be regarded as the true value), and the measurement error AT this time.
Table 5 pose obtained by further optimizing the correction result
The details of the present invention are not described in detail in the prior art. The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A cooperative target remote high-precision six-degree-of-freedom pose measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), obtaining a cooperative target image, and resolving an initial pose T of the cooperative target according to a PnP algorithm i ＝[R i |t i ]Where R represents attitude information, t represents displacement information, and the subscript i represents that this is the initial result; the specific process of the step (1) is as follows:
step (11), a camera is used for imaging to obtain a cooperation target image, and then the sub-pixel coordinates of the feature imaging center point of the cooperation target are extracted based on a gray scale gravity center method
Matching the 2D-3D points;
step (12) based on a PnP algorithm, performing pose calculation on the 2D-3D matching points by using 4 pairs in the step (11) to obtain an initial pose T of the cooperative target i ＝[R i |t i ]；
Step (2) measuring accurate depth information D by using a laser range finder a ；
Step (3) of utilizing the accurate depth information D in the step (2) a Correcting the initial pose T in the step (1) i ＝[R i |t i ]Obtaining the corrected pose T a ＝[R a |t a ]Wherein the subscript a represents that this is the corrected result;
the specific process of the step (3) is as follows:
step (31), in a camera coordinate system, measuring the initial position coordinates through a camera
And origin O = [0 0 ] of optical center coordinate system of camera] T A straight line L can be determined OT The equation is
Where the superscript i represents this is the initial result, { l, m, n } denotes the parameters of the straight line;
step (32), the conversion relation between the laser range finder coordinate system and the camera optical center coordinate system is calibrated in advance, and can be represented by a space three-dimensional point and a space direction vector:
O LO ＝[x L ,y L ,z L ] T
n LO ＝[n xL ,n yL ,n zL ] T
wherein x is L 、y L 、z L The coordinate values of the origin position of the coordinate system of the laser range finder in the X, Y and Z directions of the camera coordinate system, n xL 、n yL 、n zL The Euler rotation angle from the camera coordinate system to the laser range finder coordinate system is obtained;
assuming that the laser spot is dispersed into a circle with the radius of r, knowing the representation of the laser ray in the camera coordinate system and the measured distance value of the laser range finder, the coordinate P = [ x ] of the center point of the laser spot surface is obtained r ,y r ,z r ] T And then solving the equation of the diffusion circle through the conditions:
wherein, X, Y and Z respectively represent coordinate values of points on the space circle in X, Y and Z directions of the camera coordinate system;
step (33) of obtaining the straight line L determined in step (31) OT The intersection point of the corrected cooperative target position and the circular surface determined in the step (32) is obtained
By t a Updating T i ＝[R i |t i ]Obtaining the pose T after primary correction by the displacement component in a ＝[R a |t a ]；
Step (4) of utilizing a nonlinear optimization methodThe corrected pose T obtained in the step (3) is corrected a ＝[R a |t a ]Further optimization is carried out, and a specific optimization model is as follows:
wherein,
for 2D imaged points on the picture, pro (P) i T ) Representing a re-projection function of feature points on the spatial cooperative target, lambda is a weighting factor, set to 5,
indicating the corrected Z-direction displacement value,
representing the initial Z-direction displacement value, minimizing the above formula can obtain a more accurate pose T' a ＝[R′ a |t′ a ]。
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