CN113324164A - 一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐及其制造工艺 - Google Patents

一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐及其制造工艺 Download PDF

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CN113324164A
CN113324164A CN202110772907.XA CN202110772907A CN113324164A CN 113324164 A CN113324164 A CN 113324164A CN 202110772907 A CN202110772907 A CN 202110772907A CN 113324164 A CN113324164 A CN 113324164A
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carbon fiber
fiber composite
tank body
hydrogen storage
storage tank
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王梦君
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Individual
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Priority to CN202110772907.XA priority Critical patent/CN113324164A/zh
Priority to JP2022580141A priority patent/JP2023536046A/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2021/109584 priority patent/WO2023279458A1/zh
Priority to EP21940003.3A priority patent/EP4137736A4/en
Publication of CN113324164A publication Critical patent/CN113324164A/zh
Priority to US17/993,947 priority patent/US20230092930A1/en
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J12/00—Pressure vessels in general
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
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    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C53/58—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
    • B29C53/60—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using internal forming surfaces, e.g. mandrels
    • B29C53/602—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using internal forming surfaces, e.g. mandrels for tubular articles having closed or nearly closed ends, e.g. vessels, tanks, containers
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐，包括罐体，所述罐体一侧开设有导气口，所述罐体的内腔设有用于提高罐体强度的加强件，所述加强件的侧端与罐体的内壁固定连接，所述罐体和加强件均采用碳纤维复合材料。本发明还公开一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐的制造工艺。本发明提供储氢罐的罐体的内腔设有连接支撑罐体的内壁两端的加强件，且罐体的内壁沿周向设有加强环，提升储氢罐的整体强度及刚性，保证储氢罐在高压下更加安全可靠。

Description

一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐及其制造工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及氢能技术领域，具体涉及一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐及其制造工艺。
背景技术
氢气的储存是氢能应用的关键环节之一，要想高效率稳定的存储氢，就要使得同样的存储空间装下更多的氢，也就是要高密度存储氢，并且要保证存储过程中的稳定与安全。
现有的储氢罐类型主要分为纯钢制金属瓶(I型)、钢制内胆纤维缠绕瓶(II型)、铝内胆纤维缠绕瓶(III型)及塑料内胆纤维缠绕瓶(IV型)4个类型。I型、II型瓶储氢密度低、安全性能较差，难以满足车载储氢密度要求。而III型、IV型瓶有提高安全性、减轻重量、提高质量储氢密度等优势，因此应用已经较为广泛，其中国外多为IV型瓶，国内则多为III型瓶；相比于III型瓶，IV型瓶凭借优异的抗氢脆腐蚀性、更轻的质量、更低的成本及更高的质量储氢密度与循环寿命，成为引领国际氢能汽车高压储氢容器发展方向的“新宠”。但是IV型瓶也还存在如其塑料内胆与金属瓶口如何密封，塑料内胆在气瓶全寿命周期内是否还能满足使用要求等诸多问题。
现提出一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐，强度高、质量轻，且相比传统的储氢罐有不同材料结合问题，其罐体均采用碳纤维复合材料，具有更好的层间结合及密封性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐及其制造工艺，罐体的内腔设有连接支撑罐体的内壁两端的加强件，且罐体的内壁沿周向设有加强环，提升储氢罐的整体强度及刚性，保证储氢罐在高压下更加安全可靠。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐，包括罐体，所述罐体一侧开设有导气口，所述罐体的内腔设有用于提高罐体强度的加强件，所述加强件的侧端与罐体的内壁固定连接，所述罐体和加强件均采用碳纤维复合材料。
优选地，所述加强件包括若干块加强板配合，与罐体一体成型。
优选地，所述加强板数量为四块，且所述加强件的截面呈十字形。
优选地，所述加强件的底端延伸至所述罐体的内壁底部。
优选地，所述罐体包括预型层和包覆于所述预型层的外表面的外缠绕层。
优选地，所述预型层包括第一预型层和第二预型层，所述第二预型层贴附与所述外缠绕层的内表面，所述加强件的端部与所述第二预型层固定连接将所述罐体的内腔分为若干型腔，所述型腔内设有贴合于所述第二预型层和加强件的第一预型层。
优选地，所述罐体的内壁沿周向设有若干加强环。
优选地，所述罐体位于导气口处埋设有金属导气管。
优选地，所述金属导气管位于拐角处与所述罐体间填设有密封垫。
优选地，所述金属导气管的外侧位于拐角前端开设有若干凹陷部，所述罐体的内壁设有与所述凹陷部相适应的凸起部。
一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐的制造工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、加工固化一用于提高罐体强度的加强件，加强件上形成有若干型腔预型槽；
S2、往硅胶气袋中充入高压空气并持续保压，使硅胶气袋膨胀起并在其表面采用碳纤维复合材料一次包纱形成第一预型层，从而制成罐体的型腔预型件；
S3、将若干步骤S2制成的所述型腔预型件组合预型到S1中所述加强件的型腔预型槽形成罐体预型件；
S4、在步骤S3制成的罐体预型件表面采用碳纤维复合材料进行二次包纱形成第二预型层，并在所述罐体预型件的导气口处，且位于所述第一预型层和所述第二预型层间埋设金属导气管；
S5、对步骤S4中二次包纱完的罐体预型件进行烘烤固化后降至室温，在第二预型层表面采用碳纤维复合材料进行缠绕形成外缠绕层，且外缠绕层延伸至所述金属导气管的外表面；
S6、对步骤S5中缠绕完的罐体预型件进行烘烤固化后降至室温，放出硅胶气袋的气体并将其取出，对制成的罐体进行修整加工。
优选地，步骤S2中所述硅胶气袋位于型腔预型件的外侧表面横向设有凹槽，所述第一预型层向所述凹槽内延伸形成加强环。
优选地，步骤S4中所述金属导气管位于拐角处与第二预型层间填设有密封垫。
优选地，步骤S5中所述金属导气管位于拐角处前端的外侧开设有若干凹陷部，所述外缠绕层的内壁设有与所述凹陷部相适应的凸起部。
采用上述技术方案后，本发明与背景技术相比，具有如下优点：
1、本发明一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐及其制造工艺，储氢罐采用内层中空吹气、外层缠绕的多工艺共固化成型技术，可让内外层纤维致密、顺畅，提升产品强度；罐体的内腔设有连接支撑罐体内壁两端的加强件，且罐体的内壁沿周向设置有加强环，更进一步的提升储氢罐的整体强度及刚性，保证储氢罐在高压下更加安全可靠。
2、本发明一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐及其制造工艺，储氢罐除金属导气管部分均采用高端碳纤维复合材料，不但解决了现有罐体多种不同材料之间的层间结合问题，且碳纤维复合材料质量轻，更进一步减轻储氢罐的重量，便于运输。
3、本发明一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐及其制造工艺，金属导气管位于拐角处和罐体间填设有密封垫，且外缠绕层设有卡入金属导气管上凹陷部的凸起部，增强罐体和金属导气管密封性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图2为本发明加强件结构示意图；
图3为本发明纵面剖视图；
图4为本发明图3中A部位局部放大图；
图5为本发明图3中B部位局部放大图；
图6为本发明图3中C部位局部放大图；
图7为本发明横面剖视图；
图8为本发明硅胶气袋结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
在本发明中需要说明的是，术语“上”“下”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“内”“外”等均为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示本发明的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例
请参考图1至图8所示，本发明公开了一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐，包括罐体1，罐体1一侧开设有导气口11，罐体1的内腔设有用于提高罐体1强度的加强件2，加强件2的侧端与罐体1的内壁固定连接，罐体1和加强件2均采用碳纤维复合材料。
加强件2包括若干块加强板配合，与罐体1一体成型，若干块加强板配合形成的加强件2将罐体1的内腔分为若干型腔，本实施例中加强板数量为四块，且加强件2的截面呈十字形，加强件2的底端延伸至罐体1的内壁底部，将罐体1的内腔均分为四个型腔。
罐体包括预型层12和包覆于预型层12的外表面的外缠绕层13。预型层12包括第一预型层121和第二预型层122，第二预型层122贴附与外缠绕层13的内表面，加强件2的端部与第二预型层122固定连接将罐体1内腔形成上述的四个型腔，型腔内设有贴合于第二预型层122和加强件2的第一预型层121。
第一预型层121位于第二预型层122的两端位置在向加强件2延伸时，形成弧形拐角，由于该弧形拐角，第一预型层121、第二预型层122及加强件2形成的间隙，该间隙中内填充有碳纤维填充纱14。
罐体1内壁沿周向设有若干加强环15，本实施例中加强环15包括四个，且每个加强环15分为四段，每段分别设置在四个型腔内壁位于第一预型层121的内表面。
罐体1位于导气口11处埋设有金属导气管3用于进气和排气，该金属导管3底部设有预埋部31，罐体1的导气口11处位于第一预型层121和第二预型层122间设用用于插设预埋部31的预埋槽，外缠绕层13延伸至金属导气管3的外表面。
金属导气管3位于拐角处与第二预型层122间填设有密封垫4，密封垫4采用橡胶材质，金属导气管3位于拐角处前端的外侧开设有若干凹陷部32，外缠绕层13的内壁设有与凹陷部32相适应的凸起部131，增强罐体和金属导气管间的密封性能。
罐体1的第一预型层121、第二预型层122、外缠绕层13及加强件2均采用碳纤维复合材料，层层纤维致密、顺畅，提升产品强度。
一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐的制造工艺，包括以下步骤：
S1、加工固化一用于提高罐体强度的加强件2，加强件2上形成有四个型腔预型槽21；
S2、往硅胶气袋4中充入高压空气并持续保压，使硅胶气袋4膨胀起并在其表面采用碳纤维复合材料一次包纱形成第一预型层121，从而制成罐体1的型腔预型件，硅胶气袋4位于型腔预型件的外侧表面横向设有凹槽，第一预型层121向凹槽内延伸形成加强环15；
S3、将四个步骤S2制成的型腔预型件组合预型到S1中加强件2的型腔预型槽21形成罐体预型件，且在加强件2和型腔预型件的组合间隙中填充碳纤维填充纱14；
S4、在步骤S3制成的罐体预型件表面采用碳纤维复合材料进行二次包纱形成第二预型层233，并在罐体预型件的导气口11处，且位于第一预型层121和第二预型层122间埋设金属导气管3，且在金属导气管3位于拐角处与第二预型层122间填设有密封垫4；
S5、对步骤S4中二次包纱完的罐体预型件进行烘烤固化后降至室温，在第二预型层122表面采用碳纤维复合材料进行缠绕形成外缠绕层13，且外缠绕层13延伸至金属导气管3的外表面，其中金属导气管3位于拐角处前端的外侧开设有若干凹陷部32，外缠绕层13的内壁设有与凹陷部32相适应的凸起部131；
S6、对步骤S5中缠绕完的罐体预型件进行烘烤固化后降至室温，放出硅胶气袋4的气体并将其取出，对制成的罐体1进行修整加工最终形成储氢罐成品。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (14)

1.一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐，包括罐体，所述罐体一侧开设有导气口，其特征在于：所述罐体的内腔设有用于提高罐体强度的加强件，所述加强件的侧端与罐体的内壁固定连接，所述罐体和加强件均采用碳纤维复合材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐，其特征在于：所述加强件包括若干块加强板配合，与罐体一体成型。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐，其特征在于：所述加强板数量为四块，且所述加强件的截面呈十字形。
4.如权利要求2所述的一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐，其特征在于：所述加强件的底端延伸至所述罐体的内壁底部。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐，其特征在于：所述罐体包括预型层和包覆于所述预型层的外表面的外缠绕层。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐，其特征在于：所述预型层包括第一预型层和第二预型层，所述第二预型层贴附与所述外缠绕层的内表面，所述加强件的端部与所述第二预型层固定连接将所述罐体的内腔分为若干型腔，所述型腔内设有贴合于所述第二预型层和加强件的第一预型层。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐，其特征在于：所述罐体的内壁沿周向设有若干加强环。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐，其特征在于：所述罐体位于导气口处埋设有金属导气管。
9.如权利要求8所述的一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐，其特征在于：所述金属导气管位于拐角处与所述罐体间填设有密封垫。
10.如权利要求9所述的一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐，其特征在于：所述金属导气管的外侧位于拐角前端开设有若干凹陷部，所述罐体的内壁设有与所述凹陷部相适应的凸起部。
11.如权利要求1-10任一项所述的一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐的制造工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、加工固化一用于提高罐体强度的加强件，加强件上形成有若干型腔预型槽；
S2、往硅胶气袋中充入高压空气并持续保压，使硅胶气袋膨胀起并在其表面采用碳纤维复合材料一次包纱形成第一预型层，从而制成罐体的型腔预型件；
S3、将若干步骤S2制成的所述型腔预型件组合预型到S1中所述加强件的型腔预型槽形成罐体预型件；
S4、在步骤S3制成的罐体预型件表面采用碳纤维复合材料进行二次包纱形成第二预型层，并在所述罐体预型件的导气口处，且位于所述第一预型层和所述第二预型层间埋设金属导气管；
S5、对步骤S4中二次包纱完的罐体预型件进行烘烤固化后降至室温，在第二预型层表面采用碳纤维复合材料进行缠绕形成外缠绕层，且外缠绕层延伸至所述金属导气管的外表面；
S6、对步骤S5中缠绕完的罐体预型件进行烘烤固化后降至室温，放出硅胶气袋的气体并将其取出，对制成的罐体进行修整加工。
12.如权利要求11所述的一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐的制造工艺，其特征在于：步骤S2中所述硅胶气袋位于型腔预型件的外侧表面横向设有凹槽，所述第一预型层向所述凹槽内延伸形成加强环。
13.如权利要求11所述的一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐的制造工艺，其特征在于：步骤S4中所述金属导气管位于拐角处与第二预型层间填设有密封垫。
14.如权利要求11所述的一种碳纤维复合材料高压储氢罐的制造工艺，其特征在于：步骤S5中所述金属导气管位于拐角处前端的外侧开设有若干凹陷部，所述外缠绕层的内壁设有与所述凹陷部相适应的凸起部。
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CN112762356A (zh) * 2021-01-19 2021-05-07 同济大学 适用于高压塑料内胆碳纤维全缠绕气瓶的密封结构及应用

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