CN113323796A - Bionic leading edge wind power blade and optimal design method - Google Patents
Bionic leading edge wind power blade and optimal design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113323796A CN113323796A CN202110731521.4A CN202110731521A CN113323796A CN 113323796 A CN113323796 A CN 113323796A CN 202110731521 A CN202110731521 A CN 202110731521A CN 113323796 A CN113323796 A CN 113323796A
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- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 241000283153 Cetacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000030279 gene silencing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
- F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/28—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
The invention provides a bionic leading edge wind power blade, wherein the leading edge of the blade is a bionic leading edge which is a raised leading edge which is periodically distributed on the leading edge of the blade and changes in a sine rule. The blades with the convex front edges improve the aerodynamic performance of the wind power blades and reduce the generation of aerodynamic noise of the blades. The problems of aerodynamic performance reduction and significant aerodynamic noise of the large wind power blade caused by flow separation are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering application, and particularly relates to a bionic leading edge wind power blade.
Background
In recent years, the advantages of wind power generation are accepted by more and more people, but different wind resources have different climatic characteristics due to the reasons of landform and topography, the environment difference of a wind power plant is large, the operation environment of a large wind turbine generator is complex and changeable, and the actual inflow wind speed changes constantly. In the operation process of the wind turbine generator, the local attack angle of the blade is changed unstably, so that the flow separation on the surface of the blade is serious. In addition, with the great development of the wind power industry, in order to improve the wind energy utilization rate and reduce the power generation cost, the large-scale wind power blade is the main development trend. However, the increase of the length of the blade further aggravates the increase of the three-dimensional separation effect of the surface of the blade, so that the aerodynamic performance of the blade is seriously deteriorated, and the power generation effect of the wind turbine generator is remarkably reduced. Meanwhile, in the high-speed rotating operation process of the wind power blade, the blade aerodynamic noise caused by flow separation can obviously affect the surrounding environment, and the development of the wind power industry is restricted to a great extent. How to effectively inhibit the generation of the flow separation on the surface of the wind power blade, improve the power generation power of the wind power blade, and reduce the generation of aerodynamic noise becomes a key for promoting the large-scale and high-quality development of the wind power industry.
The prior art flow separation control techniques mainly include active control and passive control. The active control method is characterized in that external energy is introduced into fluid on the surface of the blade to keep the fluid from being separated, and common active control methods comprise methods such as circulation control, synthetic jet flow, blowing and sucking gas flow control and plasma disturbance. In addition, due to the severe and changeable operating environment of the wind power blades, the cost of later-stage operation and maintenance is increased to a great extent by the device system with a complicated active control method; secondly, the active control method needs external energy supply, so that extra energy loss is caused, and the overall economic benefit of the control method can be reduced by realizing flow control through a large amount of external energy supply based on the purpose of improving the power generation efficiency of the large-scale wind power blade; finally, the working environment of the large-scale wind turbine blade is complex and changeable, the incoming wind speed and the incoming wind direction of the wind turbine generator change constantly, and the response speed of the active control method to the wind condition and the transmission precision of the system signal are difficult to meet the working requirement of the wind turbine blade.
The passive control method promotes the boundary layer to keep adhering flow by changing the external shape and structure of the blade or adding aerodynamic accessories on the surface of the blade, so as to realize flow separation inhibition. Compared with an active control method, the passive control method has the advantages of low production cost, no complex control system and signal transmission device, low cost and good economical efficiency. And for the wind power blade, the simple structure of the passive control method enables the installation and the disassembly to be more convenient, and the later maintenance is not needed. However, most of the passive control methods studied at present aim at improving the aerodynamic performance of the blade, the noise reduction effect is not obvious, and the requirements of the wind power blade on the aerodynamic performance and the noise performance cannot be well met.
Therefore, a bionic leading edge wind power blade is needed to be provided for controlling the flow separation of the wind power blade, so that the problems of reduced aerodynamic performance and serious aerodynamic noise of the wind power blade caused by the flow separation are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a bionic leading edge wind power blade, wherein the leading edge of the blade is a bionic leading edge, and the bionic leading edge is a raised leading edge which is periodically distributed on the leading edge of the blade and changes in a sinusoidal manner.
The bionic leading edge wind power blade provided by the invention also has the characteristic that the amplitude and the wavelength of the convex leading edge are determined based on the aerodynamic performance and the aerodynamic noise level of the wind power wing profile.
The amplitude and wavelength of the convex leading edge are determined based on aerodynamic performance and aerodynamic noise level of the wind turbine airfoil.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide an optimal design method for a bionic leading edge wind turbine blade as described in any one of the above, the method comprising the following steps:
s1: testing the performance of the front edge airfoil of the bionic front edge wind power blade;
s2: optimizing and designing pneumatic and noise performance;
s3: and designing the bionic front edge wind power blade.
The optimal design method of the bionic leading edge wind power blade provided by the invention is also characterized in that S1 comprises the following steps:
s1.1: aiming at blade sections of different spanwise positions of a wind power blade, extracting an original wind turbine airfoil profile of aerodynamic core elements, and performing modification design on the wind turbine airfoil profile;
s1.2: the modified wind turbine airfoil is changed into a bionic wind turbine airfoil with a convex front edge structure, and the aerodynamic performance and the aerodynamic noise level of the bionic front edge wind turbine airfoil are obtained through means of experimental tests and numerical calculation.
The optimal design method of the bionic leading edge wind power blade provided by the invention is also characterized in that the S2 comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of combining an optimization design platform of a wind turbine airfoil to improve aerodynamic performance of the airfoil and reduce aerodynamic noise as optimization targets, carrying out optimization design on a convex leading edge structure to obtain a size parameter of the convex leading edge structure when the airfoil performance of the wind turbine is optimal, determining the height and the width of the convex leading edge with optimal airfoil aerodynamic-noise performance, wherein the height of a convex leading edge line is the amplitude of the bionic convex leading edge, and the width of the convex leading edge line is the wavelength of the bionic convex leading edge.
The optimal design method of the bionic leading edge wind power blade provided by the invention is also characterized in that the S3 comprises the following steps: and combining a wind power blade design platform, taking the bionic leading edge wing section obtained by design as a basic wing section, carrying out pneumatic and structural design on the bionic leading edge wind power blade, finishing checking, and finally obtaining the bionic leading edge wind power blade.
Has the advantages that:
the bionic leading edge wind power blade provided by the invention achieves the purpose of flow separation control, improves the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine airfoil and reduces the aerodynamic noise of the airfoil.
According to the optimal design method of the bionic leading edge wind power blade, the modification and design development of the bionic leading edge wind power blade are completed through a wind turbine airfoil design program and a blade optimal design platform, and the obtained bionic leading edge wind power blade has the effects of increasing the power generation power and reducing the aerodynamic noise.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a design drawing of a bionic leading edge wind power blade provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of a bionic leading edge airfoil structure of the bionic leading edge wind power blade provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is an analysis diagram of the aerodynamic performance improvement effect of a bionic leading edge wind turbine airfoil provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an analysis diagram of the control effect of the noise level of the airfoil of the wind turbine with the bionic leading edge.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the following embodiments specifically describe the bionic leading edge wind power blade provided by the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "central", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only used for convenience in describing and simplifying the description of the present invention, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicit to a number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specified.
The terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally coupled; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the creation of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1-2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a wind turbine blade with a bionic leading edge, where the blade leading edge is a bionic leading edge, and the bionic leading edge is a raised leading edge that is periodically distributed on the blade leading edge and changes in a sinusoidal manner. The amplitude and wavelength of the convex leading edge are determined based on aerodynamic performance and aerodynamic noise level of the wind turbine airfoil. The bionic structure is characterized in that the bionic structure is a protrusion imitating the front edge of a whale fin, and the shape of the bionic front edge is a protrusion structure with a curved surface transition and smooth connection with the surface of a blade. And (3) combining an airfoil design program (Xfoil and Rfoil) and an airfoil aerodynamic and noise calculation formula, performing aerodynamic and noise performance calculation evaluation on the airfoils with the convex leading edges with different size parameters, and performing multiple optimization and optimization on the size parameters of the convex leading edges according to evaluation results by using an optimization design platform (Isight), so as to finally determine the convex leading edge size parameters with optimal aerodynamic performance and noise level.
The design method of the bionic leading edge wind power blade comprises the following steps:
s1: testing the wing section performance of the bionic leading edge wind power blade:
s1.1: extracting an original wind turbine airfoil profile of aerodynamic core elements aiming at blade sections of different spanwise positions of the bionic front edge wind power blade, and performing modification design on the wind turbine airfoil profile;
the wind power blade is large in size and obvious in three-dimension, has an obvious torsion angle from a blade root to a blade tip, and also has obvious changes in thickness and chord length (width). Therefore, the flow control effects of the bionic leading edge at different spanwise positions are obviously different, so that the optimization results of the size parameters of the protruding leading edge at different spanwise positions are different, and the blade sections of the wind power blade with the bionic leading edge at different spanwise positions are respectively optimized. The wind power blade is characterized in that a base airfoil profile is determined firstly in the design process, a plurality of sections of base airfoil profiles are arranged from the blade tip to the blade root along the blade span direction to obtain the appearance of the whole blade in an interpolation mode, therefore, each base airfoil profile corresponding to the base airfoil profile is arranged at each blade span position, and the extracted original wind turbine airfoil profile is the base airfoil profile determined in the design process of the wind power blade. The modified design means that after the size parameters of the front edge of the bulge are determined through design, the front edge of the existing wind power blade is directly bonded without surface damage to the original blade.
S1.2: the modified wind turbine airfoil is changed into a bionic wind turbine airfoil with a convex front edge structure, and the aerodynamic performance and the aerodynamic noise level of the bionic front edge wind turbine airfoil are obtained through means of experimental tests and numerical calculation.
The experimental test refers to that aerodynamic force data generated by the wing profile is obtained by using a force transducer, and aerodynamic noise generated by the wing profile is obtained through a silencing wind tunnel experimental test. The numerical calculation adopts a CFD numerical calculation method and adopts a Transition SST turbulence model considering Transition. The aerodynamic performance of the wind power blade is directly determined by the aerodynamic performance of the basic airfoil profile; at the same time, the noise level of the airfoil directly affects the aerodynamic noise level of the blade. Therefore, the aerodynamic performance and the aerodynamic noise level of the airfoil are evaluated, so that the power generation efficiency of the blade can be improved better, and the noise level of the blade can be reduced.
S2: and (3) aerodynamic and noise performance optimization design: the method comprises the steps of combining an optimization design platform of a wind turbine airfoil to improve aerodynamic performance of the airfoil and reduce aerodynamic noise as optimization targets, carrying out optimization design on a convex leading edge structure to obtain a size parameter of the convex leading edge structure when the airfoil performance of the wind turbine is optimal, determining the height and the width of the convex leading edge with optimal airfoil aerodynamic-noise performance, wherein the height of a convex leading edge line is the amplitude A of the bionic convex leading edge, and the width of the convex leading edge line is the wavelength lambda of the bionic convex leading edge.
The optimal design platform comprises an Isight optimal design platform. The optimization design of the convex front edge is that the aerodynamic performance and the noise level of the airfoil are calculated by changing the size parameter amplitude A and the wavelength lambda of the convex front edge, an optimization target and a boundary condition are set, iteration and optimization are continuously carried out in the boundary condition, and the size parameter of the convex front edge with the optimal aerodynamic performance and noise performance is obtained according to the calculation result.
S3: designing a bionic front edge wind power blade; and combining a wind power blade design platform, taking the bionic leading edge wing section obtained by design as a basic wing section, carrying out pneumatic and structural design on the bionic leading edge wind power blade, finishing checking, and finally obtaining the bionic leading edge wind power blade. The design platform includes a bladed platform.
In order to verify the improvement effect and the noise reduction effect of the bionic front edge wind power blade on the aerodynamic performance, the blade tip section wing profile of the wind power blade is extracted, and test verification is carried out. The wind energy utilization rate of the blade tip of the wind power blade is a key factor influencing the generating efficiency of the wind turbine generator, the improvement of the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil at the blade tip section is important for increasing the generating power of the blade, and the ratio (lift-drag ratio) of the aerodynamic lift force of the airfoil to the resistance is a main parameter for measuring the generating efficiency. Therefore, the result shown in fig. 3 is obtained through an aerodynamic force test experiment, and compared with a high attack angle region (α is 20-40 °) with a more serious blade flow separation, the bionic leading edge airfoil has a higher lift-drag ratio compared with the original wind turbine airfoil, which indicates that the bionic leading edge method can effectively improve the lift-drag ratio of the wind turbine airfoil and has a promoting effect on increasing the power generation power of the wind turbine blade. In addition, the aerodynamic sound pressure level result generated by the wind turbine airfoil is obtained through a microphone test experiment, as shown in fig. 4, the bionic leading edge airfoil does not generate obvious noise in a test frequency band, while the original wind turbine airfoil generates obvious noise in a range of 1000-2000 Hz, which shows that the bionic leading edge method can effectively reduce the aerodynamic noise of the wind turbine airfoil.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a bionical leading edge wind-powered electricity generation blade which characterized in that, the blade leading edge is bionical leading edge, bionical leading edge is at the protruding leading edge of the sinusoidal law change of blade leading edge periodic type distribution.
2. The bionic leading edge wind blade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amplitude and wavelength of the convex leading edge are determined based on aerodynamic performance and aerodynamic noise level of a wind turbine airfoil.
3. The optimal design method of the bionic leading edge wind power blade as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: testing the performance of the front edge airfoil of the bionic front edge wind power blade;
s2: optimizing and designing pneumatic and noise performance;
s3: and designing the bionic front edge wind power blade.
4. The optimal design method of the bionic leading edge wind power blade as claimed in claim 3, wherein the S1 comprises the following steps:
s1.1: extracting original wind power blade wing profiles of aerodynamic core elements aiming at blade sections of different spanwise positions of a wind power blade, and carrying out modification design on the wind power blade wing profiles;
s1.2: the modified wind turbine airfoil profile is changed into a bionic wind turbine airfoil profile with a convex front edge, and the aerodynamic performance and the aerodynamic noise level of the bionic front edge wind turbine airfoil profile are obtained through experimental tests and numerical calculation.
5. The optimal design method of the bionic leading edge wind power blade as claimed in claim 3, wherein the S2 comprises: the method comprises the steps of combining a wind turbine airfoil optimization design platform to improve airfoil aerodynamic performance and reduce aerodynamic noise as optimization targets, optimally designing a convex leading edge structure to obtain a convex leading edge structure size parameter when the wind turbine airfoil performance is optimal, determining the convex leading edge height and width with optimal airfoil aerodynamic-noise performance, wherein the convex leading edge line height is the amplitude of the bionic convex leading edge, and the convex leading edge line width is the wavelength of the bionic convex leading edge.
6. The optimal design method of the bionic leading edge wind power blade as claimed in claim 3, wherein the S3 comprises: and combining a wind power blade design platform, taking the bionic leading edge wing section obtained by design as a basic wing section, carrying out pneumatic and structural design on the bionic leading edge wind power blade, finishing checking, and finally obtaining the bionic leading edge wind power blade.
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