CN113321564A - Method and device for separating products from olefin production by low-carbon alkane dehydrogenation - Google Patents
Method and device for separating products from olefin production by low-carbon alkane dehydrogenation Download PDFInfo
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- CN113321564A CN113321564A CN202110661634.1A CN202110661634A CN113321564A CN 113321564 A CN113321564 A CN 113321564A CN 202110661634 A CN202110661634 A CN 202110661634A CN 113321564 A CN113321564 A CN 113321564A
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- C07C7/005—Processes comprising at least two steps in series
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- C07C7/04—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by distillation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for preparing olefin by dehydrogenation and separation of low-carbon alkane, which mainly comprise a low-carbon alkane compressor system, a product separation tank, an absorption tower, a deethanizer, a fine propylene tower, a depropanizer, a hydrogen-rich gas separation tank, a deethanizer condenser, a deethanizer reflux tank, a deethanizer top condensation section, a deethanizer shallow cooling tank, a deethanizer top refrigerator, a propylene refrigeration system and an absorption tower top refrigerator; the absorption mode is adopted to separate propane dehydrogenation to prepare propylene reaction products by adopting a mode of arranging a tower top refrigerator on the absorption tower top and deethanizing process at a condensation section on the top of the deethanizer, then propylene is rectified and deethanized to obtain polymer grade fine propylene, the propane is used as reaction circulating material flow and returns to a reaction part to continue reaction, the absorption tower top is provided with the absorption tower top refrigerator and a hydrogen-rich gas separation tank, the propylene recovery rate can be improved, the deethanizer is in conventional operation and does not need to operate at low temperature, most of energy consumption can adopt conventional heat sources and cold sources, and the operation is convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of petrochemical industry or natural gas chemical industry, relates to a device and a method for preparing propylene, and particularly relates to a method and a device for separating products from low-carbon alkane dehydrogenation to olefin.
Background
Propylene is an important basic organic chemical raw material in the chemical industry. For a long time, the source of propylene at home and abroad mainly depends on naphtha cracking co-production and FCC by-products. Statistically, the global propylene demand is more than 15% in the Chinese market, and the consumption is about 5% to 6% per year, and the gap between the supply and demand of propylene is increasing in recent years due to the shortage of petroleum resources. Natural gas is cheaper than crude oil, and the C3 and C4 alkanes derived therefrom are also receiving increasing attention, among which propane catalytic dehydrogenation (PDH) is undoubtedly the focus of greatest interest in the field of C3 utilization.
With the attention of people on the utilization value of C3 and C4 chemical industry, enterprises investing and building propane dehydrogenation are like bamboo shoots in the spring after rain. Without the start-up of Methanol To Olefin (MTO) plants, the traditional FCC and ethylene cracking routes to olefins are impacted and the yields of propylene and isobutylene as by-products of FCC and ethylene cracking will be less and less. Therefore, the technology for preparing olefin by propane dehydrogenation faces a very good development opportunity and has huge market potential.
At present, the patent technologies for preparing propylene by propane dehydrogenation in the world are as follows: the Oleflex process from UOP, the Catofin process from ABB rum, the Star process from Corpfie (Uhde), the FBD-4 process from Snamprogetti/Yarsintz, and the PDH process from Linde/Pasteur. These processes generally employ cryogenic processes to separate the reaction product of propane dehydrogenation to propylene. The cryogenic separation process is a main method for separating naphtha steam cracking products, has mature technology and wide application, and almost all the carbon blue in reaction products is condensed due to low temperature of refrigerant, so that the yield of propylene is high.
Chinese patent CN102795956B discloses a separation method of a reaction product of propylene preparation by propane dehydrogenation, which adopts a mode of combining membrane separation and cryogenic separation to separate a reaction gas of propylene preparation by propane dehydrogenation. However, the recovery rate of the hydrogen-rich gas in the membrane separation is low, and if the hydrogen-rich gas is required to be sent out as a product and needs to be compressed separately, the total energy consumption is not reduced.
Basf corporation discloses a series of patents CN100567230C, CN101087740B, CN101137605A, CN101415661A, which include the entire process from propane dehydrogenation reaction to product separation. Because the reaction product contains H2O、CO2、CO、N2CN100567230C discloses the use of washing processes to remove part of the impurities, and CN101087740B, CN101137605A disclose the use of inert absorbents to separate the part of the impurities. CN101415661A discloses a method for separating propylene products by adopting pressure swing adsorption. However, the hydrogen-rich gas obtained by the methods has low hydrogen content and high hydrocarbon content and can only be used as fuel gas to be burnt.
Chinese patent CN102040445 discloses a process flow for producing propylene by dehydrogenation of propane-rich low-carbon hydrocarbon, which uses gasoline as an absorbent to separate light components and carbon three from propane dehydrogenation products. However, the propane dehydrogenation product has high hydrogen content, the required circulating amount of the absorbent is very large, and the energy consumption is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a separation method and a separation device for preparing olefin products by dehydrogenation of low-carbon alkanes, aiming at solving the problems of high hydrogen content and high energy consumption in the low-carbon alkane dehydrogenation products and combining the advantages of stable absorption and shallow cooling.
The invention provides a separation method for preparing olefin products by low-carbon alkane dehydrogenation, which comprises the following steps:
1) the reaction product of the dehydrogenation of the low-carbon alkane to prepare the alkene enters a product separation tank after being pressurized by a low-carbon alkane compressor system, the gas phase at the top of the tank is sent to an absorption tower, and the liquid phase is combined with the bottom liquid of the absorption tower and the bottom liquid of a hydrogen-rich gas separation tank and then enters a deethanizer;
2) condensing the gas at the top of the absorption tower by a refrigerator at the top of the absorption tower, then feeding the gas into a hydrogen-rich gas separation tank, feeding the hydrogen-rich gas at the top of the tank to a PSA (pressure swing adsorption) device, and merging the liquid at the bottom of the tank and the liquid at the bottom of the absorption tower, and then feeding the combined liquid into a deethanizer;
3) condensing the oil gas at the top of the deethanizer by a deethanizer condenser, then feeding the oil gas into a deethanizer reflux tank, returning all liquid at the bottom of the deethanizer reflux tank to the deethanizer, feeding the gas at the top of the deethanizer reflux tank into a condensing section at the top of the deethanizer, fractionating the gas at the top of the condensing section by a condensing section, refrigerating the gas at the top of the deethanizer by a deethanizer at the top, feeding the gas at the top of the deethanizer shallow cooling tank as fuel gas out of a device, returning all liquid at the bottom of the tank to the condensing section at the top of the deethanizer, and feeding the liquid at the bottom of the deethanizer into a fine propylene tower;
4) and distilling out a refined propylene product from the top of the refined propylene tower, feeding the liquid phase at the bottom of the refined propylene tower into a depropanizing tower, distilling out propane from the top of the depropanizing tower as a reaction circulating material flow, returning the reaction part for preparing propylene by propane dehydrogenation, sending part of the fraction of a product C4+ at the bottom of the depropanizing tower out of the device, and combining the rest part of the product with the absorbent and then sending the mixture to an absorption tower.
The propane compression system needs two to three stages of compression, and the compression is carried out to 0.5-1.5 MPa (gauge pressure).
The operation pressure at the top of the absorption tower is 0.5-1.5 MPa (gauge pressure), the gas at the top of the absorption tower is condensed to-10 to-15 ℃ by a gas refrigerator at the top of the absorption tower and is sent into a hydrogen-rich gas separation tank, the hydrogen-rich gas at the top of the tank is sent to a PSA device, and the liquid phase at the bottom of the tank is sent to a deethanizer, so that the recovery rate of propylene can be greatly improved.
The operation pressure at the top of the deethanizer is 2.4-2.6 MPa (gauge pressure), the operation temperature at the top of the deethanizer is 40-50 ℃, the operation temperature at the bottom of the deethanizer is 60-70 ℃, and the gas at the top of the deethanizer enters a reflux tank of the deethanizer after being condensed by a condenser of the deethanizer. Liquid at the bottom of the tank is totally returned to the deethanizer as reflux under the cascade of liquid level and flow, gas at the top of the tank enters a condensation section at the top of the deethanizer, is condensed to-25 to-30 ℃ by a refrigerator at the top of the deethanizer, and then enters a shallow cooling tank of the deethanizer. The gas at the top of the shallow cooling tank of the deethanizer is sent out of the device as fuel gas under the control of the pressure at the top of the deethanizer, and the liquid at the bottom of the tank returns to the condensing section at the top of the deethanizer. The liquid phase at the bottom of the deethanizer is sent to the fine propylene tower under the cascade of the liquid level and the flow rate of the tower kettle.
The deethanization top condensing section is provided with plate-type or filler tower trays, the number of theoretical tower trays is 5-15, and the deethanization top condenser adopts cold sources such as circulating water or air.
The fine propylene tower and the depropanizing tower adopt conventional processes.
The invention provides a separation device for preparing olefin products by low-carbon alkane dehydrogenation, which mainly comprises a low-carbon alkane compressor system, a product separation tank, an absorption tower, a deethanizer, a fine propylene tower, a depropanizer, a hydrogen-rich gas separation tank, a deethanizer condenser, a deethanizer reflux tank, a deethanizer top condensation section, a deethanizer shallow cooling tank, a deethanizer top refrigerator, a propylene refrigeration system and an absorption tower top refrigerator; the product separation tank is respectively connected with the low-carbon alkane compressor system and the absorption tower, and the absorption tower is sequentially connected with the absorption tower top refrigerator, the propylene refrigeration system, the absorption tower top refrigerator and the hydrogen-rich gas separation tank; the product separation tank, the absorption tower and the bottom of the hydrogen-rich gas separation tank are respectively connected with the deethanizer; the deethanizer condenser is respectively connected with the deethanizer and the deethanizer reflux tank, and the bottom of the deethanizer reflux tank is connected with the upper part of the deethanizer; a deethanizer top condensing section is arranged on the deethanizer reflux tank, the deethanizer top condensing section is connected with a deethanizer top refrigerator, the deethanizer shallow cooling tank and the deethanizer top condensing section are sequentially connected, and fuel gas is discharged through the deethanizer shallow cooling tank; the bottom liquid of the deethanizer enters a fine propylene tower, the bottom liquid of the fine propylene tower enters a depropanizer, part of C4+ fraction and an absorbent enter an absorption tower together, part of C4+ fraction passes through a depropanizer bottom outlet device, and the circulating propane passes through a depropanizer top outlet device.
The invention is applied to devices including but not limited to a device for preparing propylene by propane dehydrogenation, a device for preparing olefin by C3C4 dehydrogenation and a device for preparing butylene by C4 dehydrogenation.
The working principle of the separation method for preparing the olefin product by dehydrogenating the low-carbon alkane provided by the invention is as follows:
according to the separation method for preparing the olefin product through the dehydrogenation of the low-carbon alkane, a reaction product for preparing propylene through propane dehydrogenation is separated in an absorption mode in such a way that a tower top refrigerator is arranged on the top of an absorption tower and an ethane removal process is carried out on a condensation section on the top of a deethanizer, then the propylene is rectified and depropanized to obtain polymer-grade refined propylene, and the propane is returned to a reaction part as a reaction circulating material flow to continue to react.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention adopts the absorption tower top provided with the absorption tower top refrigerator and the hydrogen-rich gas separation tank, and can greatly improve the recovery rate of propylene.
2) The deethanizer is operated conventionally, and does not need to be operated at low temperature, most of energy consumption can adopt a conventional heat source and a conventional cold source, and the operation is convenient.
3) The overhead gas is condensed by a deethanizer condenser and then enters a deethanizer reflux tank. Liquid at the bottom of the tank is totally returned to the deethanizer as reflux under the cascade of liquid level and flow, gas at the top of the tank enters a condensation section at the top of the deethanizer, and the gas is condensed by a refrigerator at the top of the deethanizer and then enters a shallow cooling tank of the deethanizer. The non-condensable gas at the top of the shallow cooling tank of the deethanizer is sent to a fuel gas pipe network under the control of pressure, and the liquid phase is used as reflux and is completely returned to the condensing section of the deethanizer. The content of propylene in the non-condensable gas can be reduced so as to ensure the yield of the propylene.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: the system comprises a 1-light alkane dehydrogenation olefin reaction product, a 2-light alkane compressor system, a 3-product separation tank, a 4-absorption tower, a 5-deethanizer, a 6-fine propylene tower, a 7-depropanizer, an 8-hydrogen-rich gas separation tank, a 9-deethanizer condenser, a 10-deethanizer reflux tank, an 11-deethanizer top condensation section, a 12-deethanizer shallow cooling tank, a 13-deethanizer top refrigerator, a 14-propylene refrigeration system, a 15-absorption tower top refrigerator, a 16-fine propylene product, 17-recycle propane, 18-hydrogen-rich gas, 19-fuel gas, 20-C4+ fraction and 21-absorbent.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the separation device for producing olefin by dehydrogenation of light alkane provided by the present invention mainly comprises a light alkane compressor system 2, a product separation tank 3, an absorption tower 4, a deethanizer 5, a fine propene tower 6, a depropanizer 7, a hydrogen-rich gas separation tank 8, a deethanizer condenser 9, a deethanizer reflux tank 10, a deethanizer top condensation section 11, a deethanizer shallow cooling tank 12, a deethanizer top refrigerator 13, a propene refrigeration system 14, and an absorption tower top refrigerator 15; a reaction product 1 for propylene preparation by propane dehydrogenation enters a reaction product separation tank 3 after being pressurized to 1.0-2.0 MPa (gauge pressure) by a low-carbon alkane compressor system 2, a tank top gas enters an absorption tower 4, a tank bottom liquid and a tower bottom liquid of the absorption tower 4 are combined and then enter a deethanizer 5, a tower top hydrogen-rich gas of the absorption tower 4 is condensed to-10 to-15 ℃ by an absorption tower refrigerator 18 and then sent to a hydrogen-rich gas separation tank 8, the tank top hydrogen-rich gas 18 is sent to a PSA device, and a tank bottom liquid phase enters a deethanizer 5.
The operation pressure at the top of the deethanizer 5 is 2.4-2.6 MPa (gauge pressure), the operation temperature at the top of the deethanizer is 40-50 ℃, the operation temperature at the bottom of the deethanizer is 60-70 ℃, and the gas at the top of the deethanizer enters a deethanizer reflux tank 10 after being condensed by a deethanizer condenser 9. The liquid at the bottom of the tank is totally returned to the deethanizer 5 as reflux, the gas at the top of the tank enters a condensing section 11 at the top of the deethanizer, is condensed to-25 to-30 ℃ by a refrigerator 13 at the top of the deethanizer, and then enters a shallow cooling tank 12 of the deethanizer, the gas at the top of the tank 19 is taken as fuel gas to be sent out of the device, and the liquid at the bottom of the tank is returned to the condensing section 11 at the top of the deethanizer. The liquid phase at the bottom of the deethanizer is sent to a fine propylene tower 6.
Under the action of a fine propylene tower 6, a fine propylene product 16 is fractionated from the tower top, a liquid phase at the tower bottom enters a depropanizing tower 7, under the action of the depropanizing tower 7, a propane cycle 17 fractionated from the tower top of the depropanizing tower is used as a reaction material flow to return to a reaction part for continuous reaction, a part of C4+ fraction 20 of the products at the tower bottom of the depropanizing tower is sent out of the device, and the rest of the products are combined with an absorbent 21 and then sent to an absorption tower 4.
The absorbent is C5-C7 distillate oil, and the absorption tower top refrigerator and the deethanization tower top refrigerator are both refrigerated under the action of a propylene refrigeration system.
And a plate type tower tray is arranged at the top condensing section of the deethanizing tower, and the number of theoretical tower trays is 5-15.
The deethanizer can adopt a conventional heat source, and the overhead condenser adopts cold sources such as circulating water or air.
The fine propylene tower and the depropanizing tower can adopt conventional processes.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any person skilled in the art can make changes or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, unless departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A separation method for preparing olefin products by low-carbon alkane dehydrogenation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the reaction product of the dehydrogenation of the low-carbon alkane to prepare propylene enters a product separation tank after being pressurized by a low-carbon alkane compressor system, the gas phase at the top of the tank is sent to an absorption tower, and the liquid phase is combined with the bottom liquid of the absorption tower and the bottom liquid of a hydrogen-rich gas separation tank and then enters a deethanizer;
(2) condensing the gas at the top of the absorption tower by a refrigerator at the top of the absorption tower, then feeding the gas into a hydrogen-rich gas separation tank, feeding the hydrogen-rich gas at the top of the tank to a PSA (pressure swing adsorption) device, and merging the liquid at the bottom of the tank and the liquid at the bottom of the absorption tower, and then feeding the combined liquid into a deethanizer;
(3) condensing the oil gas at the top of the deethanizer by a deethanizer condenser, then feeding the oil gas into a deethanizer reflux tank, returning all liquid at the bottom of the deethanizer reflux tank to the deethanizer, feeding the gas at the top of the deethanizer reflux tank into a condensing section at the top of the deethanizer, fractionating the gas at the top of the condensing section by a condensing section, refrigerating the gas at the top of the deethanizer by a deethanizer at the top, feeding the gas at the top of the deethanizer shallow cooling tank as fuel gas out of a device, returning all liquid at the bottom of the tank to the condensing section at the top of the deethanizer, and feeding the liquid at the bottom of the deethanizer into a fine propylene tower;
(4) and distilling out a refined propylene product from the top of the refined propylene tower, feeding the liquid phase at the bottom of the refined propylene tower into a depropanizing tower, distilling out propane from the top of the depropanizing tower as a reaction circulating material flow, returning the reaction part for preparing propylene by propane dehydrogenation, sending part of the fraction of a product C4+ at the bottom of the depropanizing tower out of the device, and combining the rest part of the product with the absorbent and then sending the mixture to an absorption tower.
2. The method for separating the products of olefin production by dehydrogenation of light alkane according to claim 1, wherein: the low-carbon alkane compression system needs two to three stages of compression, and the compression is carried out to 0.5-1.5 MPa (gauge pressure).
3. The method for separating the products of olefin production by dehydrogenation of light alkane according to claim 1, wherein: the operation pressure at the top of the absorption tower is 0.5-1.5 MPa (gauge pressure), the gas at the top of the absorption tower is condensed to-10 to-15 ℃ by a gas refrigerator at the top of the absorption tower and is sent into a hydrogen-rich gas separation tank, the hydrogen-rich gas at the top of the tank is sent to a PSA device, and the liquid phase at the bottom of the tank is sent to a deethanizer.
4. The method for separating the products of olefin production by dehydrogenation of light alkane according to claim 1, wherein: the operation pressure at the top of the deethanizer is 2.4-2.6 MPa (gauge pressure), the operation temperature at the top of the deethanizer is 40-50 ℃, the operation temperature at the bottom of the deethanizer is 60-70 ℃, the gas at the top of the deethanizer is condensed by a deethanizer condenser and then enters a deethanizer reflux tank, the liquid at the bottom of the deethanizer is totally returned to the deethanizer as reflux under the cascade of liquid level and flow, the gas at the top of the deethanizer enters a deethanizer top condensing section, is condensed to-25-30 ℃ by a deethanizer top refrigerator, and then enters a deethanizer shallow cooling tank.
5. The method for separating the products of olefin production by dehydrogenation of light alkane according to claim 1, wherein: the gas at the top of the shallow cooling tank of the deethanizer is taken as fuel gas to be sent out of the device under the control of the pressure at the top of the tower, the liquid at the bottom of the deethanizer returns to the condensing section at the top of the deethanizer, and the liquid phase at the bottom of the deethanizer is sent into the fine propylene tower under the cascade of the liquid level and the flow rate of the tower kettle.
6. The method for separating the products of olefin production by dehydrogenation of light alkane according to claim 1, wherein: the deethanization top condensing section is provided with plate-type or filler tower trays, the number of theoretical tower trays is 5-15, and the deethanization top condenser adopts cold sources such as circulating water or air.
7. The method for separating the products of olefin production by dehydrogenation of light alkane according to claim 1, wherein: the fine propylene tower and the depropanizing tower adopt conventional processes.
8. The device applied to the method for separating the products of olefin production through dehydrogenation of the light alkane according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the device mainly comprises a low-carbon alkane compressor system, a product separation tank, an absorption tower, a deethanizer, a fine propylene tower, a depropanizer, a hydrogen-rich gas separation tank, a deethanizer condenser, a deethanizer reflux tank, a deethanizer top condensing section, a deethanizer shallow cooling tank, a deethanizer top refrigerator, a propylene refrigeration system and an absorption tower top refrigerator; the product separation tank is respectively connected with the low-carbon alkane compressor system and the absorption tower, and the absorption tower is sequentially connected with the absorption tower top refrigerator, the propylene refrigeration system, the absorption tower top refrigerator and the hydrogen-rich gas separation tank; the product separation tank, the absorption tower and the bottom of the hydrogen-rich gas separation tank are respectively connected with the deethanizer; the deethanizer condenser is respectively connected with the deethanizer and the deethanizer reflux tank, and the bottom of the deethanizer reflux tank is connected with the upper part of the deethanizer; a deethanizer top condensing section is arranged on the deethanizer reflux tank, the deethanizer top condensing section is connected with a deethanizer top refrigerator, the deethanizer shallow cooling tank and the deethanizer top condensing section are sequentially connected, and fuel gas is discharged through the deethanizer shallow cooling tank; the bottom liquid of the deethanizer enters a fine propylene tower, the bottom liquid of the fine propylene tower enters a depropanizer, one part of C4+ fraction coming out of the bottom of the depropanizer enters an absorption tower together with an absorbent, one part of the C4+ fraction is sent out of the device, and the circulating propane passes through the top of the depropanizer and then is discharged out of the device.
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