CN113321191B - Sulfuric acid concentration equipment - Google Patents

Sulfuric acid concentration equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113321191B
CN113321191B CN202010127283.1A CN202010127283A CN113321191B CN 113321191 B CN113321191 B CN 113321191B CN 202010127283 A CN202010127283 A CN 202010127283A CN 113321191 B CN113321191 B CN 113321191B
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acid
tube
sulfuric acid
feed
concentration
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CN113321191A (en
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马克斯·霍斯特勒
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BERTRAMS CHEMIEANLAGEN AG
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BERTRAMS CHEMIEANLAGEN AG
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Priority to CN202010127283.1A priority patent/CN113321191B/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/69Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
    • C01B17/88Concentration of sulfuric acid

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for concentrating sulfuric acid. The apparatus comprises: the device comprises a feed line, a rectifying column, at least one concentration unit, an acid cooling and discharging device, a condensation unit, a product line and a vacuum system, and is characterized in that at least one electric heating device is arranged in each concentration unit, each heating device comprises a plurality of heating elements, each heating element is surrounded by a ceramic sheath, the heating elements are arranged in a glass tube for isolating surrounding hot sulfuric acid, and the quartz tube is closed at the bottom end of the quartz tube.

Description

Sulfuric acid concentration equipment
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a device for concentrating sulfuric acid, in particular for concentrating sulfuric acid produced by drying a humid gas, such as chlorine produced by electrolysis of an aqueous NaCl solution.
Background
Sulfuric acid is used as a dehydration desiccant in many processes to remove water from other liquids or gases. The spent acid needs to be concentrated before it can be reused in the process. Examples of drying treatments with high concentration sulfuric acid are chlorine drying and chemical dehydration, to name just two. Highly complex recovery equipment allows nearly 100% recovery.
The possibilities of releasing the spent acid into the environment are increasingly limited and more expensive. Recycling the spent sulfuric acid avoids the high costs of waste and waste disposal. The recovered sulfuric acid can be recycled completely to the process from which it originated.
Concentrated sulfuric acid is a highly corrosive liquid. The recycling equipment must take this into account and need to be made of corrosion resistant materials. This applies in particular to devices which come into contact with hot concentrated sulfuric acid, such as pumps, heating elements, mixing devices and storage tanks, among others.
It is therefore important to improve both the recovery process/conditions and the equipment to achieve an extended lifetime and reduced costs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a device for concentrating sulfuric acid, comprising: a feed line, a rectifying column, at least one concentration unit, an acid cooling and discharge unit, a condensation unit, a product line with a product acid cooling system, and a vacuum system, wherein in each concentration unit there is at least one electric heating device, each heating device comprising a plurality of heating elements, each heating element comprising a heating wire surrounded by a ceramic sheath, the heating elements being included in a tube made of a suitable corrosion resistant glass, preferably quartz glass, for insulating the surrounding hot sulfuric acid, the glass tube being closed at its bottom end.
The concentrating device comprises conventional units as used in many existing devices. Some of the units are modified as described in detail below. These improvements may each be used in the device individually, all together, or in any combination.
Of most importance and of particular interest is the design of the one or more electric heating devices used in the concentrating unit. Electrical heating devices are commonly used in equipment where high pressure steam cannot be obtained and only the necessary temperatures of more than 200 ℃ can be reached by electrical heating. Since the heating means is surrounded by hot high-concentration sulfuric acid, a specific design of the heating means is necessary.
According to the invention, at least one heating device is present in each concentration unit, each heating device being constituted by a closed glass body, preferably made of quartz glass, comprising one or more heating wires. The heater wire is positioned and secured within the glass body with a ceramic sheath or insulator to ensure electrical insulation while the heat radiation is provided by the heater wire and ceramic insulator to ensure adequate heat transfer to the sulfuric acid solution. The insulator is made of a ceramic material.
The heating element is included in a glass tube immersed in sulfuric acid to be heated. Quartz is particularly suitable for the transfer of heat radiation and thus allows for efficient heat transfer into the surrounding sulfuric acid. Of course, the tube has a closed bottom end, and is electrically connected to the top end of the tube into the tube.
Very preferably a quartz tube is used.
Preferably, the tube has a surrounding flange for support and better handling, the flange being located above the sulfuric acid level. Furthermore, the part of the tube not immersed in sulfuric acid comprises an insulating material, such as glass, stone or ceramic wool.
Another improvement relates to a rectifying column in which the conventionally used ceramic packing is replaced by a packing made of a corrosion resistant plastic material, preferably PFA (perfluoroalkoxy polymer). Conventional ceramic packing has proven to be prone to breakage, with debris affecting the performance of the column and pre-concentration unit. Requiring frequent replacement. Although PFA fillers are relatively expensive, PFA fillers have a much longer lifetime, thus compensating for higher costs. Frequent maintenance of the unit is avoided.
Furthermore, the rectification column has a newly developed support grid for the packing, which is made of ferrosilicon. Such materials are stronger and more stable than conventionally used glass, ceramic or PTFE grids. Ferrosilicon is highly acid and temperature resistant.
At its top, the rectifying column comprises a feed device for distributing preheated feed acid onto the packing. According to one aspect of the invention, the feed device is in the form of an acid-resistant tube comprising a plurality of holes or openings for spraying the feed acid onto the packing of the rectifying column. Suitable materials are quartz, ceramics and high alloy steels, preferably glass fibre reinforced PTFE. For an even distribution of the feed, the holes of the feed device are arranged at well-defined angles with respect to the vertical, for example at 0 °, ±14° and ±26°.
According to another aspect of the invention, the apparatus comprises a mixing device wherein the hot product acid is cooled by injecting it into the cold product acid before being passed to a heat exchanger for heat transfer with the feed acid. The mixing means is preferably a syringe in which the hot product acid is mixed with and injected into the stream of cold product acid.
Although residence tanks are typically used to mix and cool the concentrated product acid at very high temperatures of about 200 ℃, the present invention utilizes mixing tubes to avoid such residence tanks. Stay tanks are expensive because they are made of highly corrosion resistant materials, mainly enamel steel.
The mixing tube mixes the cold product acid with the hot acid from the concentrating unit so that the hot acid is fed into the center of the cold acid stream. This avoids thermal stress. Permanent recycling allows cooling of the hot product acid from about 200 ℃ to typically less than 70 ℃. As a result, all components downstream of the mixing tube, particularly pumps made of corrosion resistant materials (e.g., hastelloy), are used to transfer the product acid to subsequent heat exchangers without contact with hot acid, avoiding a residence tank.
Another improvement relates to neutralization of corrosive compounds in the exhaust gas. Sulfuric acid from a chlorine production facility always contains a certain amount of chlorine. Like sulfuric acid, chlorine is highly corrosive. Thus, it is desirable to neutralize the chlorine released from sulfuric acid during concentration.
Since the acid is used to dry chlorine, it contains dissolved chlorine. During the acid concentration, chlorine gas is released. As a result, the vapor from the rectifying column contains chlorine. Because of the high chlorine content, the vacuum pump downstream of the rectification column should be made of chlorine-resistant materials such as expensive titanium. To optimize the cost and lifetime of the vacuum pump, a neutralization unit in the vapor line is preferred.
In order to neutralize the chlorine released during the acid recovery, the vapor vent line comprises a neutralization unit equipped with an injection device for injecting a dilute sodium hydroxide solution. The sodium hydroxide solution is injected in a controlled manner depending on the acid and/or chlorine content determined by analysis of the condensate of the vacuum pump downstream of the rectification column. The neutralization unit is designed as a scrubber.
In the neutralization unit, dilute sodium hydroxide solution and cold water are injected into the vapor, which produces a scrubbing effect. The solution unit is mixed with cold water, which will further optimize the pump performance. Sodium hydroxide will react with chlorine to form NaCl and NaOCl. Small amounts of chlorine and sodium hydroxide will remain but in such low amounts that standard vacuum pumps made of steel, preferably stainless steel, can be used.
Drawings
The details of the invention are given in the accompanying drawings and the description related thereto. In the drawings, there is shown
Figure 1 is a general schematic diagram of a sulfuric acid concentration plant,
Figure 2 is a quartz tube for use in a concentrating unit,
Figure 3 is a rectifying column for a pre-concentration unit,
Figure 4 is a mixing device for cooling the product acid,
Fig. 5 is a general schematic of an exhaust unit.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a general schematic diagram of a sulfuric acid concentration device, for example, for use in accordance with the present invention. Such a concentrating device is used, for example, in combination with a chlorine drying facility in a caustic soda production plant.
The feed acid line 1 passes through a heat exchanger 2 where it exchanges heat with the product acid from the product line 3 and supplies the feed acid to a rectification column 4. The feed acid is sprayed onto the packing of packing ring 5 for pre-concentration. The heat is supplied by steam. For pre-concentration, the feed acid, which typically has a concentration of 70% to 80%, is collected entirely in the horizontal evaporator 6. The off-gas rich in chlorine leaves the rectification column 4 via line 7 b. The overflow of pre-concentrated sulfuric acid from evaporator 6 is passed via line 8 to concentration units 9 and 10. The concentrated product acid leaves the apparatus through product line 3 to heat exchanger 2 and cooling unit 11. The offgas leaves the concentration units 9 and 10 via line 7a and is fed to the bottom of the rectification column 4.
The rectifying column 4, the horizontal evaporator 6, the concentration units 9 and 10 and the offgas lines 7a and 7b are operated under vacuum, for example at an absolute pressure of less than 100 mbar, to ensure removal of gases such as water and chlorine.
The concentration units 9 and 10 comprise heating elements 12 for additional heat transfer. This is necessary if there is no hot steam supply at temperatures exceeding 200 ℃. The heating element 12 is preferably composed of a quartz glass tube comprising a heating rod. The quartz tube is immersed in sulfuric acid supplied from a horizontal evaporator 6. Details are given below.
Fig. 2 shows a heating device for use in a concentration unit according to the invention. The quartz tube 12 comprises a plurality of electrical heating elements 13, four shown, which are fed by thyristor units via insulated feed cables 14 a. The electric heating rod has a ceramic sheath 14b composed of a plurality of ceramic elements. The portion of the quartz tube 12 not immersed in the hot sulfuric acid is filled with an insulating material 14c to minimize heat loss. The distance elements 15 ensure the correct distance between the individual heating rods and also prevent short circuits. Heat is transferred to the sulfuric acid by radiation.
Fig. 3 shows a rectifying column 4 with packing 5 of packing rings (which are made of a sulfuric acid resistant plastic material, preferably PFA), an inlet 16 at the bottom for the off-gas from the horizontal evaporator 6, an inlet 17 for the off-gas from the concentrating units 9 and 10 via line 7a, and an outlet 19 for the off-gas into line 7 b. The feed acid is fed through line 1 and perforated pipe 20 and sprayed onto packing ring packing 5, flowing down counter-current to the exhaust gas fed from line 7a and produced in horizontal evaporator 6. The porous tube 20 is constructed of a corrosion resistant material such as quartz glass, ceramic and high alloy steel, preferably fiberglass reinforced PTFE. The packing ring packing 5 is preferably composed of a plastic material such as PFA and is supported by a grid 21 made of a metal material, preferably ferrosilicon.
Fig. 4 shows a mixing device 22 arranged in the product line 3 to cool the product acid from the concentration units 9 and 10 to protect downstream equipment from contact with hot concentrated sulfuric acid. This allows the use of standard equipment, such as pumps made of corrosion resistant materials, such as Hastelloy (Hastelloy), and avoids a residence tank for cooling the product acid.
Mixing device 22 provides a cold concentrated sulfuric acid stream (arrow) from cooling device 11 into which hot product acid from line 3 is injected. This provides an initial flow of hot product acid surrounded by cold product acid. Upon mixing, the temperature was reduced to below 70 ℃.
The mixing device 22 comprises a pipe of the hot acid line 3, an inlet pipe 24 for cold concentrated acid, the pipe 24 leading to a wide pipe 25 surrounding the hot acid line 3. A semicircular wall 28 at the inlet to the tube 24 separates the flow of cold acid into an upward flow around the tube 26 and a downward flow that further dilutes the product acid flow with cold acid. Longitudinal baffles 27 on the tube 26 support the mixing and cooling process.
Fig. 4a is a cross-sectional view along line A-A' of fig. 4, showing the semi-circular wall 28 at the inlet of the inlet tube 26 and the arrangement of the longitudinal baffles 27.
Fig. 5 shows a neutralization unit 28 with an offgas line 7b from the rectification column 4, which line passes on its way through condenser units 30a and 30b. The condenser units 30a and 30b form a condensing system together with a tank 35 collecting wastewater and condensate. The neutralization unit 28 serves as a scrubber injecting dilute sodium hydroxide solution through line 32 and cold water through line 33 for neutralizing the corrosive components of the exhaust gases. Chlorine reacts to form NaCl and NaOCl. The vacuum pump 31, which is arranged downstream of the neutralization unit, also together with the pump 34 provides vacuum to the evacuated units 4, 6, 9 and 10 of the apparatus, so that the vacuum pump 31 is protected from contact with corrosive gases, which allows the use of conventional materials for the pump instead of, for example, titanium.
The amount of dilute NaOH injected into the neutralization unit 28 via line 32 is calculated from the measured chlorine content in the condensate by established techniques. A feed pump (not shown) provides the correct volumetric flow.

Claims (10)

1. An apparatus for concentrating sulfuric acid, comprising:
a feed line is arranged in the feeding pipe,
A rectifying tower, a rectifying tower and a rectifying device,
At least one of the concentration units is provided with a concentration unit,
An acid cooling and discharging device is provided, which comprises a cooling device, a discharging device and a cooling device,
A condensing unit, which is arranged on the bottom of the condensing unit,
Product pipeline, and
A vacuum system, a vacuum system and a vacuum system,
Characterized in that in each concentration unit there is at least one electric heating device, each heating device comprising a plurality of heating elements, each heating element being surrounded by a ceramic jacket, the heating elements being comprised in a glass tube for insulating surrounding hot sulfuric acid, a quartz tube being closed at its bottom end, wherein the hot product acid is cooled by the cold product acid in a pre-cooling step in a mixing device before entering a heat exchanger for heat transfer to the feed acid, and wherein the hot product acid passes through an injection device for injection into the cold product acid, and wherein the mixing device comprises a mixing tube surrounding a discharge tube for the hot product acid and a feed tube for the cold product acid, the feed tube injecting the cold product acid into the mixing tube and into the acid stream exiting from the mixing tube, and wherein the apparatus further comprises a vapour discharge line, wherein the discharge line is provided with a neutralization unit comprising an injection apparatus for injecting a low concentration sodium hydroxide solution and cold water into the discharge vapour for neutralization.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the heating element is a wire embedded in a plurality of ceramic elements.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the quartz tube comprises an insulating material in its portion protruding from the sulfuric acid level in the concentration unit.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rectifying column comprises a packing made of PFA.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the rectifying column comprises a packed support grid made of ferrosilicon.
6. The apparatus of claim 4 or 5, wherein the rectifying column comprises in its top portion a feed pipe with evenly distributed holes for feeding acid.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the feed tube is made of fiberglass reinforced PTFE.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the exhaust line comprises a vacuum pump.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the chlorine content in the vent vapor is neutralized in a controlled manner.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the exhaust vapour condensing system is provided with measuring means for determining the acid and/or chlorine content, the measurement being used as a basis for a controlled injection of sodium hydroxide solution.
CN202010127283.1A 2020-02-28 2020-02-28 Sulfuric acid concentration equipment Active CN113321191B (en)

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CN202410372815.6A CN118267734A (en) 2020-02-28 2020-02-28 Sulfuric acid concentration equipment
CN202010127283.1A CN113321191B (en) 2020-02-28 2020-02-28 Sulfuric acid concentration equipment

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CN113321191B true CN113321191B (en) 2024-04-16

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CN115212598B (en) * 2022-08-01 2024-02-23 辽阳环亚废酸再生科技有限公司 Fractionating tower for pot-type sulfuric acid concentration device

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0891811A (en) * 1994-07-22 1996-04-09 Nippon Sanso Kk Device for purifying waste sulfuric acid and method thereof
CN102344125A (en) * 2010-08-05 2012-02-08 钱尉兵 Technology for concentrating dilute sulfuric acid with multi-effect evaporation
CN107963616A (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-04-27 无锡英罗唯森科技有限公司 A kind of evaporator for sulphuric acid concentration
CN108358176A (en) * 2018-05-15 2018-08-03 杭州东日节能技术有限公司 A kind of dilute sulfuric acid vacuum concentrating apparatus and method
CN108726490A (en) * 2017-04-20 2018-11-02 何庆勇 A kind of Waste Sulfuric Acid extracting and concentrating technology using fume afterheat
CN209392757U (en) * 2018-11-22 2019-09-17 乳源东阳光电化厂 A kind of dilute sulfuric acid concentration purifying plant
CN210078872U (en) * 2019-05-23 2020-02-18 胡平 Dilute sulfuric acid concentration device

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0891811A (en) * 1994-07-22 1996-04-09 Nippon Sanso Kk Device for purifying waste sulfuric acid and method thereof
CN102344125A (en) * 2010-08-05 2012-02-08 钱尉兵 Technology for concentrating dilute sulfuric acid with multi-effect evaporation
CN108726490A (en) * 2017-04-20 2018-11-02 何庆勇 A kind of Waste Sulfuric Acid extracting and concentrating technology using fume afterheat
CN107963616A (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-04-27 无锡英罗唯森科技有限公司 A kind of evaporator for sulphuric acid concentration
CN108358176A (en) * 2018-05-15 2018-08-03 杭州东日节能技术有限公司 A kind of dilute sulfuric acid vacuum concentrating apparatus and method
CN209392757U (en) * 2018-11-22 2019-09-17 乳源东阳光电化厂 A kind of dilute sulfuric acid concentration purifying plant
CN210078872U (en) * 2019-05-23 2020-02-18 胡平 Dilute sulfuric acid concentration device

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CN113321191A (en) 2021-08-31

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