CN113320443B - Fuel cell heat recovery system - Google Patents

Fuel cell heat recovery system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113320443B
CN113320443B CN202110462081.7A CN202110462081A CN113320443B CN 113320443 B CN113320443 B CN 113320443B CN 202110462081 A CN202110462081 A CN 202110462081A CN 113320443 B CN113320443 B CN 113320443B
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China
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fuel cell
interface
port
circulation loop
battery pack
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CN202110462081.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113320443A (en
Inventor
王森
杨天
朱仲文
李丞
江维海
王林波
赵坤
张宏超
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Caac Yangzhou Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co ltd
China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co Ltd
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Caac Yangzhou Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co ltd
China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
    • B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2221—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating an intermediate liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

The invention provides a fuel cell heat recovery system, which comprises a fuel cell water loop I, a passenger cabin water circulation loop I and a battery pack water circulation loop I, wherein the fuel cell water loop I is connected with a heat source; the battery pack water circulation loop I is connected with the passenger cabin water circulation loop I in parallel through the battery cooler I; the passenger cabin water circulation loop is connected with the fuel cell water loop in series; the external heating thermal management system comprises a battery water-in-water circulation loop II, the battery water-in-water circulation loop II comprises a battery cooler II, the battery water-in-water circulation loop II is connected with a passenger cabin water circulation loop II in parallel through the battery cooler II, and the passenger cabin water circulation loop II is connected with a fuel cell water circulation loop II in parallel through a fuel cell II. The invention can maximize the heat utilization of the cooling loop by changing the mode of the circulating flow path, thereby reducing the energy consumption and improving the integral energy utilization efficiency of the automobile.

Description

Fuel cell heat recovery system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cell automobile energy management, and particularly relates to a fuel cell heat recovery system.
Background
The cold start of the fuel cell under the low temperature condition, especially under zero degree, is an important factor restricting the wide application of the fuel cell, the fuel cell pile with the leading international technology improves the cathode drainage and water storage capacity by optimizing the membrane electrode assembly of the fuel cell cathode and adopting a 3D fine grid cathode plate, and the supplied gas does not need external humidification, thereby reducing the external water intake, and combining reasonable shutdown purge and parking purge strategies to strictly control the water content of the fuel cell, realizing that the fuel cell can still be warmed up with higher power and quickly reach the ideal working temperature under ultra-low temperature, and the realization of the functions provides extremely high requirements for the manufacturing process and the control technology of the fuel cell pile;
on the other hand, fuel cell vehicles, like other electric vehicles, suffer from problems such as deterioration of battery discharge performance at low temperatures and large heating power required in the passenger compartment, and therefore how to stably start the stack of the fuel cell vehicle under low temperature conditions, particularly in an environment below zero, and to ensure that the temperatures of the passenger compartment and the high-voltage battery pack are within reasonable ranges becomes an important issue for thermal management of the fuel cell vehicle. The difficulty in achieving the above object is to ensure both sufficient time for the fuel cell to start warm-up smoothly and to provide sufficient heating power to the passenger compartment and the high-voltage battery during warm-up of the fuel cell; thus, a need exists for a fuel cell heat recovery system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a heat recovery system for a fuel cell to solve the above problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a fuel cell heat recovery system comprises a self-heating configuration heat management system, wherein the self-heating configuration heat management system comprises a first fuel cell water loop, a first passenger cabin water circulation loop and a first battery pack water circulation loop;
the battery pack water circulation loop I is connected with the passenger cabin water circulation loop I in parallel through the battery cooler I;
the first passenger compartment water circulation loop is connected with the first fuel cell water loop in series.
Further, the first fuel cell water loop comprises a first fuel cell and a first fuel cell radiator communicated with the first fuel cell;
the battery pack water circulation loop I comprises a water pump I and a battery pack I which are communicated with the battery cooler I;
the first passenger cabin water circulation loop comprises a first fluid switching device and a second fluid switching device, wherein the first fluid switching device comprises a port A1, a port A1 is a normally open port, a port B1, a port C1 and a port D1;
the second fluid switching device comprises an interface E1, an interface F1 and an interface G1;
a second water pump and a first PTC heater are sequentially communicated between the interface A1 and the interface F1, and a first passenger compartment heat exchanger is communicated between the interface B1 and the interface E1;
the battery cooler is communicated between the interface D1 and the interface G1;
the fuel cell water loop comprises a first fuel cell and a first fuel cell radiator communicated with the first fuel cell, and the interface C1 and the interface D1 are respectively connected between the first fuel cell and the first fuel cell radiator.
Further, a first temperature sensor is connected to an inlet of the passenger compartment heat exchanger, and temperature information obtained at the inlet of the passenger compartment heat exchanger is T1;
the outlet of the first fuel cell is connected with a second temperature sensor, and the temperature information of the outlet of the first fuel cell is T2;
a third temperature sensor is connected at the outlet of the first battery pack, and the temperature information of the outlet of the first battery pack is T3;
the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the third temperature sensor are all connected with a controller and are used for controlling the opening and closing of the first fluid switching device and the second fluid switching device.
Further, the self-heating configuration thermal management system comprises a first working mode, wherein in the first working mode, the interface C1 is closed, the interface B1, the interface D1, the interface E1, the interface F1 and the interface G1 are opened, and the second water pump, the first PTC heater and the passenger compartment heat exchanger are communicated to form a passenger compartment thermal circulation loop;
the first water pump, the first PTC heater and the battery cooler are communicated to form a battery pack thermal circulation loop, and the battery pack exchanges heat with the first battery cooler through the first water pump.
Further, the self-heating configuration thermal management system comprises a second working mode, in the second working mode, the interface B1 is closed, the interface C1, the interface D1, the interface E1, the interface F1 and the interface G1 are opened, and the first fuel cell, the second water pump, the first PTC heater, the first passenger compartment heat exchanger and the first fuel cell radiator are communicated to form a passenger compartment thermal circulation loop;
the first fuel cell, the second water pump, the first PTC heater and the battery cooler are communicated to form a thermal circulation loop of the battery pack, and the battery pack exchanges heat with the first battery cooler through the first water pump;
the self-heating configuration thermal management system further comprises a third working mode, in the third working mode, the interface B1, the interface D1 and the interface G1 are closed, and the first fuel cell, the second water pump, the first PTC heater and the first passenger compartment heat exchanger are communicated with the fuel cell radiator to form a passenger compartment thermal circulation loop.
The battery pack water circulation loop II is connected with the passenger cabin water circulation loop II in parallel through the battery cooler II, and the passenger cabin water circulation loop II is connected with the fuel cell water circulation loop II in parallel through the fuel cell II.
Further, the passenger cabin water circulation loop two comprises a fluid switching device three and a fluid switching device four, the fluid switching device three comprises a port A2, the port A2 is a normally open port, a port B2, a port C2 and a port D2;
the fluid switching device IV comprises an interface E2, an interface F2 and an interface G2;
a second fuel cell is connected between the interface C2 and the interface E2, a second battery cooler is connected between the interface F2 and the interface G2, and a third water pump, a second PTC heater and a second passenger compartment heat exchanger are sequentially communicated between the interface F2 and the interface A2;
the fuel cell water loop II comprises a fuel cell radiator II and a water pump IV which are sequentially communicated, one end of the fuel cell radiator II is connected with the interface B2, the other end of the fuel cell radiator II is connected with one end of the water pump IV, and the other end of the water pump IV is connected with the interface E2;
the battery pack water circulation loop II also comprises a battery pack II and a water pump V which are sequentially communicated with two ends of the battery cooler II;
interface D2 is also connected to the outlet of fuel cell two.
Furthermore, a fourth temperature sensor is connected to an inlet of the second passenger compartment heat exchanger, and temperature information obtained at the inlet of the second passenger compartment heat exchanger is T1;
a fifth temperature sensor is connected to the outlet of the second fuel cell, and the temperature information of the outlet of the second fuel cell is T2;
a sixth temperature sensor is connected to the outlet of the second battery pack, and the temperature information of the outlet of the second battery pack is T3;
the fourth temperature sensor, the fifth temperature sensor and the sixth temperature sensor are all connected with a controller and are used for controlling the opening and closing of the third fluid switching device and the fourth fluid switching device.
Further, the external heating configuration thermal management system comprises a first working mode, in the first working mode, the interfaces B2 and D2 are closed, the interfaces A2, the interfaces C2, the interfaces E2, the interfaces F2 and the interfaces G2 are opened, and the second fuel cell, the third water pump, the second PTC heater and the second passenger compartment heat exchanger are communicated to form a passenger compartment thermal circulation loop;
and the water pump five, the battery pack II and the battery cooler II are communicated to form a battery pack thermal circulation loop, and the battery pack II exchanges heat with the battery cooler II through the water pump five.
Further, the external heating configuration thermal management system comprises a second working mode, on the basis of the first working mode, the interface D2 is started, and the heat of the second fuel cell is shunted by adjusting the flow value of the interface D2, so that the passenger compartment and the second battery pack are heated;
the external heating configuration thermal management system further includes a third mode of operation wherein, based on the second mode of operation, interface B2 is turned on and interface F2 is turned off for heating the passenger compartment.
Compared with the prior art, the fuel cell heat recovery system has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the fuel cell heat recovery system can realize the low-temperature cold start stage of a fuel cell automobile, sequentially starts the PTC to simultaneously heat the battery pack and the passenger compartment, simultaneously heats the battery pack and the passenger compartment by using the waste heat of the fuel cell, and independently heats the passenger compartment by using the waste heat of the fuel cell, so that the fuel cell, the battery pack and the passenger compartment are all in a proper temperature range in the low-temperature cold start process, the performances of the fuel cell and the battery pack are improved, simultaneously the waste heat of the fuel cell is recycled, the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell automobile is reduced, and the economical efficiency is effectively improved while the user feeling is ensured;
(2) the fuel cell heat recovery system can maximize the heat utilization of the cooling loop by changing the mode of the circulating flow path, thereby reducing the energy consumption and improving the integral energy utilization efficiency of the automobile;
(3) the fuel cell heat recovery system can be applied to a fuel cell system with a self-heating function and an external auxiliary heating device, so that the phenomenon of icing of the fuel cell can be avoided when the fuel cell is started in a below-zero environment.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coolant circulation path of a self-heating configured thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention in a first mode of operation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a coolant circulation path of a self-heating configured thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention in a second mode of operation;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a coolant circulation path of a self-heating configured thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention in a third mode of operation;
FIG. 4 is an internal structural view of a fluid switching device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a coolant circulation path of an externally heated configured thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention in a first mode of operation;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a coolant circulation path of an externally heated configured thermal management system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention in a second mode of operation;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a coolant circulation path of the externally heating configured thermal management system of an embodiment of the present invention in a third mode of operation;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a fluid switching apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating temperature variation during a low-temperature cold start process of a self-heating fuel cell vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating temperature changes during a low-temperature cold start process of an externally heated fuel cell vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a battery cooler one; 2, a first water pump; 3-battery pack one; 4-a fuel cell I; 5-a first fuel cell radiator; 6, a water pump II; 7-PTC heater one; 8, a first passenger compartment heat exchanger; 9-fluid switching means one; 10-fluid switching device two; 11-a temperature sensor I; 12-temperature sensor two; 13-temperature sensor three; 14-battery cooler two; 15-water pump III; 16-PTC heater two; 17-passenger cabin heat exchanger two; 18-fuel cell radiator two; 19-water pump four; 20-battery pack two; 21-water pump five; 22-fuel cell two; 23-fluid switching means three; 24-fluid switching means four; 25-temperature sensor four; 26-temperature sensor five; 27-temperature sensor six.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, a fuel cell heat recovery system comprises a self-heating configuration thermal management system, wherein the self-heating configuration thermal management system comprises a first fuel cell water loop, a first passenger cabin water circulation loop and a first battery pack water circulation loop;
the battery pack water circulation loop comprises a battery cooler I1, and the battery pack water circulation loop I is connected with the passenger cabin water circulation loop I in parallel through the battery cooler I1;
the first passenger compartment water circulation loop is connected in series with the first fuel cell water loop.
The fuel cell water loop I comprises a fuel cell I4 and a fuel cell radiator I5 communicated with the fuel cell I4;
the first battery pack water circulation loop comprises a first water pump 2 and a first battery pack 3 which are communicated with the first battery cooler 1;
the first passenger cabin water circulation loop comprises a first fluid switching device 9 and a second fluid switching device 10, wherein the first fluid switching device 9 comprises a port A1, a port A1 is a normally open port, a port B1, a port C1 and a port D1;
the second fluid switching device 10 comprises a port E1, a port F1 and a port G1; the first fluid switching device 9 adopted by the application is a four-way valve, and the second fluid switching device 10 is a three-way valve;
a second water pump 6 and a first PTC heater 7 are sequentially communicated between the interface A1 and the interface F1, and a first passenger compartment heat exchanger 8 is communicated between the interface B1 and the interface E1;
the first battery cooler 1 is communicated between the interface D1 and the interface G1;
the fuel cell water loop comprises a fuel cell one 4 and a fuel cell radiator one 5 communicated with the fuel cell one 4, and a port C1 and a port D1 are respectively connected between the fuel cell one 4 and the fuel cell radiator one 5.
A first temperature sensor 11 is connected to an inlet of the first passenger compartment heat exchanger 8, and temperature information of the inlet of the first passenger compartment heat exchanger 8 is T1;
the second temperature sensor 12 is connected to the outlet of the first fuel cell 4, and the temperature information of the outlet of the first fuel cell 4 is T2;
the outlet of the first battery pack 3 is connected with a third temperature sensor 13, and the temperature information of the outlet of the first battery pack 3 is T3;
the first temperature sensor 11, the second temperature sensor 12 and the third temperature sensor 13 are all connected with a controller for controlling the opening and closing of the first fluid switching device 9 and the second fluid switching device 10.
The self-heating configuration heat management system comprises a first working mode (when an automobile is just started), namely T2 is not more than T1+ T, wherein T is a set temperature difference, at the moment, a connector C1 is closed, a connector B1, a connector D1, a connector E1, a connector F1 and a connector G1 are opened, and a water pump II 6, a PTC heater I7 and a passenger compartment heat exchanger I8 are communicated to form a passenger compartment heat circulation loop;
the water pump I2, the PTC heater I7 and the battery cooler I1 are communicated to form a battery pack thermal circulation loop, and the battery pack I3 exchanges heat with the battery cooler I1 through the water pump I2; the heating power of the PTC can be ensured not to be lost to the cooling cycle of the first fuel cell 4, so that the heating requirements of the passenger compartment and the first battery pack 3 can be ensured.
The self-heating configuration thermal management system comprises a second working mode (the temperature of the fuel cell I4 is rapidly raised, and the temperature of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid circulation of the fuel cell I4 is gradually raised), namely when T2 is more than or equal to T1+ T, at the moment, the interface B1 is closed, the interface C1, the interface D1, the interface E1, the interface F1 and the interface G1 are opened, and the fuel cell I4, the water pump II 6, the PTC heater I7, the passenger compartment heat exchanger I8 and the fuel cell radiator I5 are communicated to form a passenger compartment thermal circulation loop;
the first fuel cell 4, the second water pump 6, the first PTC heater 7 and the first battery cooler 1 are communicated to form a first battery pack thermal circulation loop, the first battery pack 3 exchanges heat with the first battery cooler 1 through the first water pump 2, cooling liquid with slightly high temperature flowing out of the first fuel cell 4 can enter and exit the first passenger compartment water circulation loop, the heat of the cooling liquid can be used for heating the passenger compartment and the first battery pack 3, and the first PTC heater 7 and the first fuel cell 4 heat the passenger compartment and the first battery pack 3 together, so that the power of PTC is reduced;
the self-heating configuration thermal management system further comprises a third working mode (the temperature of the battery pack I3 reaches the ideal working temperature), the interface B1, the interface D1 and the interface G1 are closed, and the fuel cell I4, the water pump II 6, the PTC heater I7, the passenger compartment heat exchanger I8 and the fuel cell radiator I5 are communicated to form a passenger compartment thermal circulation loop; the temperature control method can be calibrated according to the control requirement of automobile heating, when T3 is greater than or equal to Tmax _ bat, wherein Tmax _ bat is the highest temperature of the cooling liquid of the first battery pack 3 in the calibrated ideal working range of the battery, the inlet of the interface D1 is closed, and a flow path flowing to the first battery cooler 1 through the three-way valve is cut off, so that the temperature of the first battery pack 3 is ensured not to be overheated; when T3 is less than or equal to Tmin _ bat, wherein Tmin _ bat is the lowest temperature of the cooling liquid of the battery pack I3 in the calibrated ideal working range of the battery, the D inlet is opened, the flow path of the three-way valve flowing to the battery cooler I1 is circulated, and the cooling heat is used for heating the battery through the battery cooler I1.
The external heating configuration thermal management system comprises a battery pack water circulation loop II, the battery pack water circulation loop II comprises a battery cooler II 14, the battery pack water circulation loop II is connected with a passenger cabin water circulation loop II in parallel through the battery cooler II 14, the passenger cabin water circulation loop II is connected with the fuel battery water circulation loop II in parallel through a fuel battery II 22 and a fuel battery water circulation loop II and comprises a fluid switching device III 23 and a fluid switching device IV 24, the fluid switching device III 23 comprises a port A2, the port A2 is a normally open port, a port B2, a port C2 and a port D2;
the fluid switching device four 24 comprises a port E2, a port F2 and a port G2; the third fluid switching device 23 adopted by the application is a four-way valve, and the fourth fluid switching device 24 is a three-way valve;
a second fuel cell 22 is connected between the interface C2 and the interface E2, a second battery cooler 14 is connected between the interface F2 and the interface G2, and a third water pump 15, a second PTC heater 16 and a second passenger compartment heat exchanger 17 are sequentially communicated between the interface F2 and the interface A2;
the fuel cell water loop II comprises a fuel cell radiator II 18 and a water pump IV 19 which are sequentially communicated, one end of the fuel cell radiator II 18 is connected with the interface B2, the other end of the fuel cell radiator II is connected with one end of the water pump IV 19, and the other end of the water pump IV 19 is connected with the interface E2;
the battery pack water circulation loop II also comprises a battery pack II 20 and a water pump V21 which are sequentially communicated with two ends of the battery cooler II 14;
interface D2 is also connected to the outlet of fuel cell two 22.
A fourth temperature sensor 25 is connected to an inlet of the second passenger compartment heat exchanger 17, and temperature information of the inlet of the second passenger compartment heat exchanger 17 is T1;
a fifth temperature sensor 26 is connected to the outlet of the second fuel cell 22, and the temperature information of the outlet of the second fuel cell 22 is T2;
a sixth temperature sensor 27 is connected to the outlet of the second battery pack 20, and the temperature information of the outlet of the second battery pack 20 is T3;
the fourth temperature sensor 25, the fifth temperature sensor 26 and the sixth temperature sensor 27 are connected with a controller for controlling the opening and closing of the third fluid switching device 23 and the fourth fluid switching device 24.
The external heating configuration thermal management system comprises a first working mode (when the automobile is just started), wherein the temperature of the second fuel cell 2221 is below zero, in order to ensure that the temperature of the second fuel cell 22 can rise rapidly, at the moment, the interfaces B2 and D2 are closed, the interface A2, the interface C2, the interface E2, the interface F2 and the interface G2 are opened, and the second fuel cell 22, the third water pump 15, the second PTC heater 16 and the second passenger compartment heat exchanger 17 are communicated to form a passenger compartment thermal circulation loop;
the water pump five 21, the battery pack two 20 and the battery cooler two 14 are communicated to form a battery pack thermal circulation loop, and the battery pack two 20 exchanges heat with the battery cooler two 14 through the water pump five 21.
The external heating configuration thermal management system comprises a second working mode (the temperature of the second fuel cell 22 is gradually increased), on the basis of the first working mode, the interface D2 is opened, the heat of the second fuel cell 22 is shunted by adjusting the flow value of the interface D2, so that the passenger compartment and the second battery pack 20 are heated, when the temperature T2 of the second fuel cell 22 is more than or equal to 0 ℃, the outlet of the bypass loop D2 is gradually opened to shunt the cooling liquid flowing to the second fuel cell 22, so that the heat for heating the second fuel cell 22 is reduced, the power of the second PTC heater 16 is reduced, more heating power is used for heating the passenger compartment and the second battery pack 20, and the cooling liquid at the three-way valve flows to the second battery cooler 14, so that the second battery pack 20 is heated;
with the gradual rise of the temperature of the second fuel cell 22, when the temperature T5 of the second fuel cell 22 is greater than or equal to T4+ T, the opening degree of the outlet of the bypass loop D2 is reduced, and the shunt of the outlet of the C2 is gradually increased, so that the heat of the second fuel cell 22 is used for heating the passenger compartment and the second battery pack 20, wherein T is a set temperature and can be calibrated according to the temperature control requirement; when the temperature T3 of the second battery pack 20 is greater than or equal to Tmax _ bat, wherein Tmax _ bat is the highest temperature of the cooling liquid of the second battery pack 20 in the calibrated ideal working range of the battery, the access to the second battery cooler 14 at the three-way valve is closed, so that the temperature of the second battery pack 20 is prevented from overheating; when T3 is less than or equal to Tmin _ bat, wherein Tmin _ bat is the lowest temperature of the cooling liquid of the second battery pack 20 in the calibrated ideal working range of the second battery pack 20, the access to the second battery cooler 14 at the three-way valve is opened, so that the second battery pack 20 is heated;
the external heating configuration thermal management system further comprises a third working mode (the fuel cell works normally), when the temperature of the second fuel cell 22 is higher and heat dissipation is needed, on the basis of the second working mode, the interface B2 is opened, the interface F2 is closed, the bypass outlet D2 can also be opened or closed according to heat dissipation requirements, when the temperature of the second fuel cell 22 is overheated, the flow of a bypass flow path is reduced to the minimum value, so that more flow is used for heat dissipation, when the temperature of the second fuel cell 22 is lower than an ideal working temperature, the heat dissipation value is reduced by increasing the bypass flow, so that the temperature T1min of a heating loop is not less than T1 and not more than T1max, the T1min and the T1max are the minimum and maximum temperatures calibrated by the second passenger compartment heat exchanger 17, and the temperature T2min of the second fuel cell 22 is not less than T2 and not more than T2max (the T2min and the T2max are the minimum and maximum values of the ideal working temperature of the second fuel cell 22); when the temperature T3 of the coolant of the second battery pack 20 is greater than or equal to Tmax _ bat under the working condition, the outlet of the three-way valve to the second battery cooler 14 is closed; when T3 is less than or equal to Tmin _ bat, the outlet of the three-way valve to the second battery cooler 14 is opened, so that the heating of the second battery pack 20 is realized.
In fig. 9, the PTC heater i in the fuel cell-coolant circulation system during the time period 0-t1 is mainly used for heating the passenger compartment and the battery pack i, and the battery pack i can rapidly increase its temperature by the PTC heater i. When the temperature of the first fuel cell is higher than the temperature T of the first cooling liquid of the heat exchanger of the passenger compartment at the time T1, the first cooling liquid of the first fuel cell is added into the passenger compartment for circularly heating so as to reduce the first power of the PTC heater, the temperature difference between the first fuel cell and the second fuel cell is gradually reduced in the time period T1-T2 until the first power of the PTC heater is 0, the heating of the passenger compartment only comes from the first fuel cell at the time T3, and the first temperature of the fuel cell reaches a stable state.
Fig. 10 shows a temperature curve of the second fuel cell requiring external heating, compared with a fuel cell vehicle having external heating, the power of the second fuel cell without external heating cannot be too high, otherwise, icing of the second fuel cell may occur, so that the second fuel cell heats up slowly, and the time of the second PTC heater increases after the time of the intervention heating reaches t 1', so that the starting stability of the fuel cell vehicle in the sub-zero environment can be effectively improved and the power consumption of the second PTC heater can be reduced by external heating.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (7)

1. A fuel cell heat recovery system characterized by: the system comprises a self-heating configuration heat management system, wherein the self-heating configuration heat management system comprises a first fuel cell water loop, a first passenger cabin water circulation loop and a first battery pack water circulation loop;
the battery pack water circulation loop I comprises a battery cooler I (1), and is connected with the passenger cabin water circulation loop I in parallel through the battery cooler I (1);
the passenger cabin water circulation loop I is connected with the fuel cell water loop I in series;
the first fuel cell water loop comprises a first fuel cell (4) and a first fuel cell radiator (5) communicated with the first fuel cell (4);
the first battery pack water circulation loop comprises a first water pump (2) and a first battery pack (3) which are communicated with the first battery cooler (1);
the first passenger cabin water circulation loop comprises a first fluid switching device (9) and a second fluid switching device (10), wherein the first fluid switching device (9) comprises a port A1, a port A1 is a normally open port, a port B1, a port C1 and a port D1;
the second fluid switching device (10) comprises an interface E1, an interface F1 and an interface G1;
a second water pump (6) and a first PTC heater (7) are sequentially communicated between the interface A1 and the interface F1, and a first passenger compartment heat exchanger (8) is communicated between the interface B1 and the interface E1;
the first battery cooler (1) is communicated between the interface D1 and the interface G1;
the fuel cell water loop comprises a first fuel cell (4) and a first fuel cell radiator (5) communicated with the first fuel cell (4), and a port C1 and a port B1 are respectively connected between the first fuel cell (4) and the first fuel cell radiator (5);
a first temperature sensor (11) is connected to an inlet of the first passenger compartment heat exchanger (8), and temperature information of the inlet of the first passenger compartment heat exchanger (8) is T1;
the outlet of the first fuel cell (4) is connected with a second temperature sensor (12) to acquire temperature information of the outlet of the first fuel cell (4) as T2;
the outlet of the battery pack I (3) is connected with a temperature sensor III (13), and the temperature information of the outlet of the battery pack I (3) is T3;
the first temperature sensor (11), the second temperature sensor (12) and the third temperature sensor (13) are connected with a controller and used for controlling the opening and closing of the first fluid switching device (9) and the second fluid switching device (10);
the self-heating configuration thermal management system comprises a first working mode, wherein in the first working mode, a port C1 is closed, a port B1, a port D1, a port E1, a port F1 and a port G1 are opened, and a water pump II (6), a PTC heater I (7) and a passenger compartment heat exchanger I (8) are communicated to form a passenger compartment thermal circulation loop;
the water pump I (2), the PTC heater I (7) and the battery cooler I (1) are communicated to form a battery pack thermal circulation loop, and the battery pack I (3) exchanges heat with the battery cooler I (1) through the water pump I (2).
2. A fuel cell heat recovery system according to claim 1, wherein: the self-heating configuration thermal management system comprises a second working mode, wherein in the second working mode, a port B1 is closed, a port C1, a port D1, a port E1, a port F1 and a port G1 are opened, and a first fuel cell (4), a second water pump (6), a first PTC heater (7), a first passenger compartment heat exchanger (8) and a first fuel cell radiator (5) are communicated to form a passenger compartment thermal circulation loop;
the fuel cell I (4), the water pump II (6), the PTC heater I (7) and the battery cooler I (1) are communicated to form a battery pack thermal circulation loop, and the battery pack I (3) exchanges heat with the battery cooler I (1) through the water pump I (2);
the self-heating configuration thermal management system further comprises a third working mode, and in the third working mode, the interface B1, the interface D1 and the interface G1 are closed, and the fuel cell I (4), the water pump II (6), the PTC heater I (7), the passenger compartment heat exchanger I (8) and the fuel cell radiator I (5) are communicated to form a passenger compartment thermal circulation loop.
3. A fuel cell heat recovery system according to claim 1, wherein: the system further comprises an external heating configuration thermal management system, the external heating configuration thermal management system comprises a battery water-in-water circulation loop II, the battery water-in-water circulation loop II comprises a battery cooler II (14), the battery water-in-water circulation loop II is connected with a passenger cabin water circulation loop II in parallel through the battery cooler II (14), and the passenger cabin water circulation loop II is connected with a fuel cell water circulation loop II in parallel through a fuel cell II (22).
4. A fuel cell heat recovery system according to claim 3, wherein: the passenger cabin water circulation loop II comprises a fluid switching device III (23) and a fluid switching device IV (24), wherein the fluid switching device III (23) comprises a port A2, a port A2 is a normally open port, a port B2, a port C2 and a port D2;
the fluid switching device four (24) comprises a port E2, a port F2 and a port G2;
a second fuel cell (22) is connected between the interface C2 and the interface E2, a second battery cooler (14) is connected between the interface F2 and the interface G2, and a third water pump (15), a second PTC heater (16) and a second passenger compartment heat exchanger (17) are sequentially communicated between the interface F2 and the interface A2;
the fuel cell water loop II comprises a fuel cell radiator II (18) and a water pump IV (19) which are sequentially communicated, one end of the fuel cell radiator II (18) is connected with the interface B2, the other end of the fuel cell radiator II is connected with one end of the water pump IV (19), and the other end of the water pump IV (19) is connected with the interface E2;
the battery pack water circulation loop II also comprises a battery pack II (20) and a water pump V (21) which are sequentially communicated with two ends of the battery cooler II (14);
interface D2 is also connected to the outlet of fuel cell two (22).
5. A fuel cell heat recovery system according to claim 4, wherein: a fourth temperature sensor (25) is connected to an inlet of the second passenger compartment heat exchanger (17), and temperature information of the inlet of the second passenger compartment heat exchanger (17) is acquired as T1;
a fifth temperature sensor (26) is connected to the outlet of the second fuel cell (22), and the temperature information of the outlet of the second fuel cell (22) is T2;
a sixth temperature sensor (27) is connected to the outlet of the second battery pack (20), and the temperature information of the outlet of the second battery pack (20) is T3;
the fourth temperature sensor (25), the fifth temperature sensor (26) and the sixth temperature sensor (27) are all connected with a controller for controlling the opening and closing of the third fluid switching device (23) and the fourth fluid switching device (24).
6. A fuel cell heat recovery system according to claim 5, wherein: the external heating configuration thermal management system comprises a first working mode, wherein in the first working mode, interfaces B2 and D2 are closed, an interface A2, an interface C2, an interface E2, an interface F2 and an interface G2 are opened, and a fuel cell II (22), a water pump III (15), a PTC heater II (16) and a passenger compartment heat exchanger II (17) are communicated to form a passenger compartment thermal circulation loop;
the water pump five (21), the battery pack two (20) and the battery cooler two (14) are communicated to form a battery pack heat circulation loop, and the battery pack two (20) exchanges heat with the battery cooler two (14) through the water pump five (21).
7. A fuel cell heat recovery system according to claim 6, wherein: the thermal management system with the external heating structure comprises a second working mode, wherein the interface D2 is started on the basis of the first working mode, and the heat of the second fuel cell (22) is shunted by adjusting the flow value of the interface D2 so as to heat the passenger compartment and the second battery pack (20);
the thermal management system further comprises a third operating mode, wherein the interface B2 is opened and the interface F2 is closed for heating the passenger compartment based on the second operating mode.
CN202110462081.7A 2021-04-27 2021-04-27 Fuel cell heat recovery system Active CN113320443B (en)

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