CN113319980A

CN113319980A - Equipment for manufacturing structural ceramic body

Info

Publication number: CN113319980A
Application number: CN202110705054.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱胜利
Original assignee: Foshan Xingjiyuan Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Foshan Xingjiyuan Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-24
Filing date: 2021-06-24
Publication date: 2021-08-31
Anticipated expiration: 2041-06-24
Also published as: CN113319980B

Abstract

The invention provides equipment for manufacturing a structural ceramic blank, which solves the problem that when a structural ceramic tube, rod or strip plate product is manufactured, the blank is deformed due to gravity, or microcracks are generated due to the difference of curing rates in the blank, so that the rejection rate of the product is higher. The equipment comprises a molding machine head and a fixed cavity arranged right below an outlet of the molding machine head; the shaping cavity is internally provided with a shaping channel, and the shaping channel is internally provided with a re-shaping eliminating liquid flowing from bottom to top and used for generating an external force which offsets the gravity borne by the structural ceramic body upwards. When the equipment is used for vertically producing structural blanks, as the sizing cavity is internally provided with the re-shaping eliminating liquid flowing from bottom to top, the re-shaping eliminating liquid has the function of generating an upward acting force on the continuously elongated blanks extruded by the forming machine head, so that the downward gravity borne by the blanks is counteracted, and the structural blanks with higher precision, smaller error and straightness and roundness are produced.

Description

Equipment for manufacturing structural ceramic body

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of equipment for manufacturing structural ceramic products, and particularly relates to equipment for manufacturing a structural ceramic blank.

Background

In the development of modern industry, the use of structural ceramic articles has prompted the rapid development of modern industry; especially, the use amount of various types of pipes, rods and strip plates in the industries of high-temperature materials, chemical industry, metallurgy, mines, energy sources, military industry and the like is increasing, for example: a silicon carbide and aluminum oxide transmission rolling bar used for the high-temperature kiln; chemical raw material conveying pipelines; the ore sand is conveyed to the anti-abrasion pipeline; a silicon carbon rod heating tube (rod), etc. The raw material grain powder for making the structural ceramic product is relatively cheap, but the cost for making the structural ceramic product is very high, which is caused by a large amount of waste products generated in the process of making the product. The cause of the waste products is mainly the following two aspects:

one aspect thereof is as follows: the structural ceramic tubes, rods, and laths required by the industry are relatively long in length, and the extruded (extruded) shaped structural ceramic bodies cannot be cured (hardened) immediately, requiring additional conditions and/or being cured (hardened) over time.

The manufacturing method of the structural ceramic tube, rod and strip plate blank comprises two modes of horizontal manufacturing and vertical manufacturing.

1. When the structural ceramic tube, rod and strip plate blanks are horizontally and transversely manufactured, the horizontally placed tube, rod and strip plate blanks are easy to bend and deform before solidification (hardening) due to the action of gravity, and especially, thick tubes, thin-wall tubes and square tubes are easy to deform, so that the precision of products is greatly reduced, and the rejection rate is increased. Specifically to be exemplified are: when the silicon carbide and alumina rolling bars are arranged in a high-temperature kiln for conveying sintered products (mainly used for lithium battery material sintering furnaces, boron nitride sintering furnaces, daily ceramic sintering furnaces and the like), the precision requirements on the silicon carbide and alumina rolling bars are particularly high. When the baked products are conveyed on the conveying plane formed by the arrangement of the driving rollers, the weight of each baked product is equally shared by the plurality of driving rollers. If the straightness and the roundness of the transmission rolling bars do not reach the standards, a conveying plane formed by the arrangement of the transmission rolling bars is uneven and fluctuated, when the baked products are conveyed on the transmission rolling bars, the transmission rolling bars are away from the baked products sometimes and jack up the baked products sometimes, when the transmission rolling bars jack up the baked products, most of the weight of the baked products are pressed on a few transmission rolling bars, and at the moment, the transmission rolling bars are extremely easy to damage, so that the production line is stopped. Because the precision of the currently produced silicon carbide and alumina rolling bars is limited, in order to realize stable production of a high-temperature kiln in industry, the width of the high-temperature kiln can only be reduced, and the weight of a fired product is reduced, so that the cost of the manufactured fired product is higher;

2. when the structural ceramic tube, rod and strip plate blank are vertically produced, although the blank has a certain protection effect on the shape of the blank, the blank is particularly easy to break due to the weight of the tube, rod and strip plate blank under the action of gravity. Therefore, only short pipe, bar and strip plate blanks can be manufactured in vertical production. In addition, when a structural ceramic tube, rod, or lath blank is produced vertically, if rapid and uniform curing (hardening) is not achieved, the blank is more likely to bend and deform when placed horizontally after being removed from the forming machine.

On the other hand: the extruded structural ceramic tube, rod and strip board blank is not cured (hardened) immediately, needs to be placed for a period of time and is cured (hardened) under certain additional conditions. During this period, because the environmental conditions (temperature difference, heating surface, air flow difference, etc.) to which each part of the blank is subjected are different, the curing (hardening) rate in the blank will be different (for example, the hardening rate of the upper part of the horizontally placed tube is faster than that of the lower part), so that the internal stress generated by the curing (hardening) and the gravity deformation will cause microcracks to be generated in the blank, the performance of the blank is reduced, and the bending strength of the final structural ceramic tube, rod and strip product is greatly reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides equipment for manufacturing a structural ceramic blank, and aims to solve the technical problem that when the structural ceramic tube, rod and strip plate products are manufactured in the prior art, the blank is deformed due to gravity, or microcracks are generated due to the difference of curing (hardening) rates in the blank, so that the rejection rate of the products is higher.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

an apparatus for making a structural ceramic body, characterized in that: comprises a molding machine head and a fixed cavity arranged right below an outlet of the molding machine head;

and a shaping channel is arranged in the shaping cavity, and a bottom-up flowing de-reshaping liquid is arranged in the shaping channel and used for generating an external force which upwards counteracts the gravity borne by the structural ceramic blank.

Further, the reforming liquid is water or a liquid having viscosity.

Further, the de-reforming liquid is hydrophobic liquid or acidic liquid or alkaline liquid or organic liquid or liquid added with curing agent or liquid added with initiator or liquid added with accelerator;

the reforming liquid is a liquid with adjustable temperature and flow rate.

Further, the shaping cavity comprises a shaping cavity outer sleeve and a cavity bottom plate;

the upper end of the outer sleeve of the shaping cavity is butted with an interface at an extrusion outlet of a structural ceramic blank on a forming machine head, and the lower end of the outer sleeve of the shaping cavity is connected with a cavity bottom plate;

an outer pipe liquid leading-out hole is formed in the upper end of the outer sleeve of the fixed cavity;

and the lower end of the outer sleeve of the shaping cavity and/or the cavity bottom plate are/is provided with an outer pipe liquid guide hole.

Furthermore, an outer pipe liquid adjusting hole is formed in the middle of the outer sleeve of the fixed cavity.

Furthermore, an external guide straightening structure is arranged in the outer sleeve of the fixed cavity and is used for guiding and straightening the outer wall of the structural ceramic blank from the periphery.

Further, the outer guide straightening structure comprises an outer annular frame and a plurality of outer straightening rods, the outer straightening rods are distributed in the outer sleeve of the shaping cavity along the circumferential direction and are fixed through the outer annular frame, the lower ends of the outer straightening rods are connected with the cavity bottom plate or the outer annular frame is connected with the outer sleeve of the shaping cavity or the outer annular frame is connected with the cavity bottom plate, the side wall of each outer straightening rod, close to the structural ceramic blank body, is in clearance fit with the outer wall of the design standard blank body of the structural ceramic blank body, and the size of the clearance is the maximum error value allowed by the outward protrusion of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank body;

or the outer guide straightening structure comprises an outer straightening sleeve coaxially arranged in an outer sleeve of the shaping cavity and a plurality of outer straightening hollow columns which are axially arranged on the inner wall of the outer straightening sleeve and are circumferentially distributed, the outer straightening hollow columns are in clearance fit with the outer wall of a design standard blank of the structural ceramic blank close to the side wall of the structural ceramic blank, the size of the clearance is the maximum value of an allowed error of the outward bulge of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank, and the outer straightening sleeve is provided with an outer radial through hole; the outer straightening sleeve is connected with the cavity bottom plate or the outer straightening sleeve is connected with the shaping cavity outer sleeve or the outer straightening hollow column is connected with the cavity bottom plate;

or the outer guide straightening structure comprises a plurality of strip-shaped convex edges which are axially arranged on the inner wall of the outer sleeve of the shaping cavity and are circumferentially distributed, the surfaces of the plurality of strip-shaped convex edges, which are close to the structural ceramic blank, are in clearance fit with the outer wall of the structural ceramic blank according to the design standard blank, and the size of the clearance is the maximum error value allowed by the outward protrusion of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank;

or the outer guide straightening structure comprises a plurality of hollow outer straightening rods distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer sleeve of the shaping cavity, one side of the outer wall of each hollow outer straightening rod is fixed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve of the shaping cavity, the other side of the outer wall of each hollow outer straightening rod is in clearance fit with the outer wall of a design standard blank of the structural ceramic blank, and the size of each clearance is the maximum error value allowed by the outward protrusion of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank.

Furthermore, the shaping cavity comprises a shaping cavity outer sleeve, a shaping cavity inner sleeve and a cavity bottom plate;

the sizing cavity inner sleeve is positioned in the sizing cavity outer sleeve and is vertically fixed on the cavity bottom plate;

the upper ends of the fixed cavity outer sleeve and the fixed cavity inner sleeve are butted with an interface at an extrusion outlet of a structural ceramic blank on a molding machine head;

the shaping channel is formed between the outer sleeve of the shaping cavity and the inner sleeve of the shaping cavity, and a ceramic blank body with a structure to be shaped, which is manufactured at the outlet of the forming machine head, is positioned in the shaping channel;

the inner part of the inner sleeve of the fixed cavity is used as an inner channel, the upper end of the inner channel is communicated with the upper end of the fixed channel, and the inner channel is an inner channel for discharging the fixed liquid;

the lower end of the shaping cavity outer sleeve and/or the cavity bottom plate are/is provided with an outer tube liquid leading-in hole communicated with the shaping channel, and the upper end of the shaping cavity outer sleeve is provided with an outer tube liquid leading-out hole communicated with the shaping channel;

an inner pipe liquid lower part outlet hole communicated with the inner channel is formed in the cavity bottom plate;

the liquid flows from bottom to top in the shaping channel and from top to bottom in the inner channel.

Furthermore, an outer pipe liquid adjusting hole is formed in the middle of the fixed-cavity outer sleeve;

an inner pipe liquid adjusting hole is formed in the middle of the inner sleeve of the fixed cavity;

and an inner tube liquid upper part leading-out hole is formed in the upper part of the inner sleeve of the fixed cavity.

Furthermore, an outer guide straightening structure and/or an inner guide straightening structure are/is arranged in the outer sleeve of the fixed cavity and are/is respectively used for carrying out guide straightening on the outer wall of the structural ceramic blank from the outer periphery and/or carrying out guide straightening on the inner wall of the structural ceramic blank from the inner periphery.

Further, the fixed-cavity inner sleeve and the fixed-cavity outer sleeve are coaxially arranged;

the outer guide straightening structure comprises an outer annular frame and a plurality of outer straightening rods, the outer straightening rods are distributed in an outer sleeve of the shaping cavity along the circumferential direction and are fixed through an outer annular frame, the lower ends of the outer straightening rods are connected with the cavity bottom plate or the outer annular frame is connected with the outer sleeve of the shaping cavity or the outer annular frame is connected with the cavity bottom plate, the side wall of each outer straightening rod, close to the structural ceramic blank body, is in clearance fit with the outer wall of the design standard blank body of the structural ceramic blank body, and the size of the clearance is the maximum error value allowed by the outward protrusion of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank body;

or the outer guide straightening structure comprises an outer straightening sleeve coaxially arranged in an outer sleeve of the shaping cavity and a plurality of outer straightening hollow columns which are axially arranged on the inner wall of the outer straightening sleeve and are circumferentially distributed, the outer straightening hollow columns are in clearance fit with the outer wall of a design standard blank of the structural ceramic blank close to the side wall of the structural ceramic blank, the size of the clearance is the maximum value of an allowed error of the outward bulge of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank, and the outer straightening sleeve is provided with an outer radial through hole; the outer straightening sleeve is connected with the cavity bottom plate or the lower end of the outer straightening hollow column is connected with the cavity bottom plate or the outer straightening sleeve is connected with the shaping cavity outer sleeve;

or the outer guide straightening structure comprises a plurality of hollow outer straightening rods distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer sleeve of the shaping cavity, one side of the outer wall of each hollow outer straightening rod is fixed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve of the shaping cavity, the other side of the outer wall of each hollow outer straightening rod is in clearance fit with the outer wall of a design standard blank of the structural ceramic blank, and the size of the clearance is the maximum error value allowed by the outward protrusion of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank;

the inner guide straightening structure comprises an inner guide sleeve arranged on the outer side of an inner sleeve of the fixed cavity and an inner straightening ring coaxially arranged on the outer wall of the inner guide sleeve, the inner guide sleeve or/and the inner straightening ring are connected with the cavity bottom plate, the inner straightening ring is in clearance fit with the inner wall of a design standard blank of a structural ceramic blank, the size of the clearance is the maximum error value allowed by the inward protrusion of the inner surface of the structural ceramic blank, and an inner radial through hole is formed in the inner guide sleeve;

or the inner guide straightening structure comprises an inner guide sleeve coaxially arranged on the outer side of the outer sleeve of the sizing cavity and a spiral piece spirally wound on the outer wall of the inner guide sleeve at intervals, the inner guide sleeve is connected with the cavity bottom plate, the outer circular surface of the spiral piece is in clearance fit with the inner wall of a design standard blank of a structural ceramic blank, and the size of the clearance is the maximum error value allowed by the inward protrusion of the inner surface of the structural ceramic blank; an inner radial through hole is formed in the inner guide sleeve;

or the inner guide straightening structure is a spiral piece spirally wound on the outer wall of the sleeve in the shaping cavity at intervals, the outer circular surface of the spiral piece is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the design standard blank of the structural ceramic blank, and the size of the clearance is the maximum error value allowed by the inward protrusion of the inner surface of the structural ceramic blank;

or the inner guide straightening structure comprises an inner straightening sleeve coaxially arranged on the outer side of the inner sleeve of the fixed cavity, the inner straightening sleeve is connected with the cavity bottom plate, the outer contour of the radial section of the inner straightening sleeve is polygonal or polygonal and is in clearance fit with the inner wall of a design standard blank of a structural ceramic blank, and the size of the clearance is the maximum error value allowed by the inward protrusion of the inner surface of the structural ceramic blank;

or the inner guide straightening structure is an inner straightening piece which is axially arranged on the outer wall of the sleeve in the shaping cavity, the outer contour of the radial section of the inner straightening piece is polygonal or polygonal, the inner straightening piece is in clearance fit with the inner wall of a design standard blank of the structural ceramic blank, and the size of the clearance is the maximum error value allowed by the inward protrusion of the inner surface of the structural ceramic blank.

Furthermore, the liquid regulating device also comprises a liquid regulating pipe arranged in the inner channel, one end of the liquid regulating pipe is connected with the liquid regulating hole of the inner pipe, and the other end of the liquid regulating pipe penetrates out of the leading-out hole at the lower part of the liquid of the inner pipe.

Further, the molding machine head and the shaping cavity are detachably connected.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the device is provided with a fixed cavity right below the outlet of the forming head, and when the device vertically produces the structural blank, as the fixed cavity is internally provided with the re-shaping eliminating liquid which flows from bottom to top, the re-shaping eliminating liquid has the function of generating upward acting force on the continuously elongated blank extruded (extruded) by the forming head, thereby counteracting the downward gravity borne by the blank and producing the structural blank with higher precision and smaller error in straightness and roundness.

2. The re-shaping liquid is viscous liquid, generates upward buoyancy and viscous force at the same time, and the upward buoyancy and the viscous force act together, so that the downward gravity borne by the blank is completely counteracted. Wherein: buoyancy can counteract one-half to one-third of the gravity, and the rest gravity can counteract viscous force generated by the upward flow of the liquid. The viscosity force depends on the factors such as viscosity coefficient, liquid flow rate and action area; in the process of continuous extension of a blank extruded (extruded) by a forming head, the weight of the blank is increased along with the increase of the blank, the gravity borne by the blank is increased, and the acting area of viscous force acting on the blank is also increased simultaneously, so that the upward buoyancy and viscous force borne by the blank counteract the downward gravity, the resultant force acting on the blank is close to zero, and the blank is ensured not to deform under the action of external force in the manufacturing process.

3. If the resultant force acting on the blank is far away from the balance zero point, the invention can adjust the resultant force acting on the blank to the balance zero point by adjusting the flow rate or the temperature of the reshaping liquid.

4. The structural ceramic tube, rod and strip plate blanks manufactured by the equipment are very excellent. However, if the blank cannot be cured (hardened) and shaped in the shaping cavity, the blank still bends and deforms during the curing (hardening) process after being taken out. Therefore, the re-shaping eliminating liquid used in the shaping cavity of the present invention can be prepared according to the curing requirement of the blank, and has the curing (hardening) conditions and the curing (hardening) environment (for example, the curing temperature, the curing agent, the temperature slightly higher than the boiling point of the binder solvent of the blank, etc.) which can provide the blank with the required curing (hardening) conditions, and the blank can be completely cured in the re-shaping eliminating liquid. The solidified (hardened) blank taken out from the reshaping liquid has extremely high precision, and the errors of the straightness and the roundness (the section of the blank) of the blank are ensured to be in an extremely small range; therefore, the blank manufactured by the equipment has extremely low rejection rate. Particularly, when a thin-wall thick pipe is manufactured, the problem of pipe wall collapse and deformation is avoided, and the yield is greatly improved; particularly, the transmission rolling rod manufactured by the equipment greatly improves the multi-aspect performance of the high-temperature kiln, delays the service life of the high-temperature kiln and reduces the production cost.

5. When the device is used for producing the structural ceramic tube, rod and strip plate blank, the reshaping liquid in the shaping cavity surrounds the structural ceramic tube (tube), rod and strip plate blank, and provides an environment which has the same condition and can promote solidification (hardening). When the blank body in the environment is cured, the curing (hardening) speed of the blank body is almost the same, so that the internal stress generated by the curing of the blank body is very little, microcracks cannot be generated in the blank body, the internal performance of the blank body is greatly improved, the bending strength of the finally produced structural ceramic tube, rod and strip plate finished products is greatly improved, and the yield is greatly improved.

6. The equipment of the invention is provided with a guide straightening structure (an outer guide straightening structure and/or an inner guide straightening structure) in the outer sleeve of the shaping cavity, and straightens and guides the structural ceramic blank body generated by the forming machine head, so that the structural ceramic blank body can keep better straightness.

7. According to the equipment, the middle part of the outer sleeve of the shaping cavity is provided with the outer pipe liquid adjusting hole, the middle part of the inner sleeve of the shaping cavity is provided with the inner pipe liquid adjusting hole, so that the temperature and the flow rate of the weight-eliminating shaping liquid in the shaping cavity can be adjusted, and a structural ceramic blank body with a longer axial length can be manufactured.

8. The apparatus of the present invention further includes a liquid regulating tube disposed within the inner passage to control the flow rate of the reshaping liquid within the shaping passage.

9. When the equipment is used for producing structural ceramic tube, rod and strip plate blanks, the blanks can be realized in a reshaping liquid from forming to complete solidification. The working procedures of manual bent frame assembling, curing chamber assembling, temperature rise control curing and the like are omitted, the intermediate working procedures are greatly shortened, the labor is reduced, the production field is saved, the production frequency is improved, intermediate damage is eliminated, and the like, and the production cost is saved.

10. When the equipment is adopted to produce the structural ceramic tube, rod and strip plate blank, the blank is molded in the de-molding liquid to be completely cured, then is taken out and is filled into a sintering furnace, and no manual contact exists between the blank and the sintering furnace, so that semi-automatic continuous production is realized in the industry, and the key technical problem of realizing a numerical control full-automatic production line in the future is solved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a fourth embodiment of the apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a fifth embodiment of the apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to the present invention;

FIG. 6a is a radial cross-sectional view of an outer guide straightening structure in a sixth embodiment of the apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to the invention;

FIG. 6b is an axial cross-sectional view of an outer guide straightening structure in a sixth embodiment of the apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to the invention;

FIG. 6c is a radial cross-sectional view of another external guide straightening structure in a sixth embodiment of the apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to the invention;

FIG. 6d is an axial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to the present invention showing an outer guide straightening structure;

FIG. 7a is a schematic structural diagram of an outer guide straightening structure in a seventh embodiment of the apparatus for manufacturing a structural ceramic body according to the present invention;

FIG. 7b is a radial cross-sectional view of FIG. 7 a;

FIG. 8a is a schematic structural view of an outer guide straightening structure in an eighth embodiment of the apparatus for manufacturing a structural ceramic body according to the present invention;

FIG. 8b is a radial cross-sectional view of FIG. 8 a;

FIG. 9a is a schematic structural view of an outer guide straightening structure in a ninth embodiment of the apparatus for manufacturing a structural ceramic body according to the present invention;

FIG. 9b is a radial cross-sectional view of FIG. 9 a;

FIG. 9c is a schematic structural view of another external guide straightening structure in the ninth embodiment of the apparatus for manufacturing a structural ceramic body according to the present invention;

FIG. 9d is a radial cross-sectional view of FIG. 9 c;

FIG. 10a is a schematic structural view of an inner guide straightening structure in an embodiment of the apparatus for manufacturing a structural ceramic body according to the present invention;

FIG. 10b is a radial cross-sectional view of FIG. 10 a;

FIG. 11a is a schematic structural view of an internal guide straightening structure in an eleventh embodiment of the apparatus for manufacturing a structural ceramic body according to the present invention;

FIG. 11b is a radial cross-sectional view of FIG. 11 a;

FIG. 12a is a schematic structural view of an inner guide straightening structure in twelve embodiments of the apparatus for manufacturing a structural ceramic body according to the present invention;

FIG. 12b is a radial cross-sectional view of FIG. 12 a;

FIG. 13a is a schematic structural view of an inner guide straightening structure in thirteen embodiments of the apparatus for manufacturing a structural ceramic body according to the present invention;

FIG. 13b is a radial cross-sectional view of FIG. 13 b;

FIG. 14a is a schematic structural view of an inner guide straightening structure in a fourteenth embodiment of the apparatus for manufacturing a structural ceramic body according to the present invention;

FIG. 14b is an axial cross-sectional view of an inner guide straightening structure in a fourteenth embodiment of the apparatus for manufacturing a structural ceramic body according to the invention;

FIG. 14c is an axial cross-sectional view of another internal guide straightening structure in a fourteenth embodiment of the apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to the invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing a fifteenth embodiment of an apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to the present invention;

wherein the reference numbers are as follows:

1-a forming machine head and 2-a fixed cavity; 3-shaping cavity outer sleeve, 31-outer tube liquid leading-out hole, 32-outer tube liquid leading-in hole, 33-outer tube liquid adjusting hole, 312-shaping cavity outer sleeve inner wall; 4-shaping the cavity inner sleeve, 41-an inner tube liquid upper part outlet, 42-an inner tube liquid lower part outlet, 43-an inner tube liquid adjusting hole, 412-shaping the cavity inner sleeve outer wall; 5-removing reshaping liquid, 6-structural ceramic blank, 7-cavity bottom plate, 8-supporting column, 9-liquid adjusting tube and 10-supporting table; 11-external guide straightening structure, 111-external ring frame, 112-external straightening rod, 113-strip convex edge, 114-hollow external straightening rod, 115-external straightening sleeve, 1151-external radial through hole, 116-external straightening hollow column; 12-internal guide straightening structure, 121-internal guide sleeve, 1211-internal radial through hole, 122-internal straightening ring, 123-screw element, 124-internal straightening element and 125-internal straightening sleeve.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.

Example one

In this embodiment, taking an apparatus for manufacturing a structural ceramic blank with a sleeve structure as an example, as shown in fig. 1, an apparatus for manufacturing a structural ceramic blank 6 includes an upper molding head 1 and a lower molding cavity 2, where the molding cavity 2 is disposed right below an outlet of the molding head 1; a shaping channel is arranged in the shaping cavity 2, and a bottom-up flowing de-shaping liquid 5 is arranged in the shaping channel and used for generating an external force which offsets the gravity borne by the structural ceramic blank 6 upwards.

The fixed cavity 2 comprises a fixed cavity outer sleeve 3, a fixed cavity inner sleeve 4 and a cavity bottom plate 7; the fixed-cavity outer sleeve 3 and the fixed-cavity inner sleeve 4 are arranged in the same direction and are vertically and hermetically fixed on the cavity bottom plate 7; the upper ends of the outer sleeve 3 of the fixed cavity and the inner sleeve 4 of the fixed cavity are butted with a port at the extrusion outlet of a structural ceramic blank 6 on the molding machine head 1. The inner diameter of the outer sleeve 3 of the fixed cavity is larger than the outer diameter of the structural ceramic blank 6 (sleeve) to be manufactured, the outer diameter of the inner sleeve 4 of the fixed cavity is smaller than the inner diameter of the structural ceramic blank 6 (sleeve) to be manufactured, a fixed channel is formed between the outer sleeve 3 of the fixed cavity and the inner sleeve 4 of the fixed cavity, and the structural ceramic blank 6 to be fixed manufactured at the outlet of the molding machine head 1 is positioned in the fixed channel; the inner part of the inner sleeve 4 of the fixed cavity is used as an inner channel; a liquid discharge channel is reserved at the joint of the upper end of the inner sleeve 4 of the fixed cavity and the molding machine head 1, so that the upper end of the fixed cavity is communicated with the upper end of the inner channel, and the inner channel is used as an inner channel for discharging the fixed cavity liquid 5; the liquid 5 flows from bottom to top in the shaping channel and from top to bottom in the inner channel.

In the embodiment, the cavity bottom plate 7 is provided with an outer tube liquid leading-in hole 32 communicated with the shaping channel; in other embodiments, the outer tube liquid introducing hole 32 may also be provided at the lower end of the sizing cavity outer sleeve 3, or both the cavity bottom plate 7 and the lower end of the sizing cavity outer sleeve 3 may be provided with the outer tube liquid introducing hole 32. An outer pipe liquid outlet hole 31 is formed in the upper end of the fixed-cavity outer sleeve 3; the cavity bottom plate 7 is provided with an inner tube liquid lower leading-out hole 42 communicated with the inner channel.

The fixed cavity 2 and the molding machine head 1 can be butted together to form integral equipment for manufacturing a structural ceramic blank 6, and a split structure can also be adopted; the cavity 2 is decided to this embodiment and is adopted split type to be dismantled with forming head 1 and is connected, and forming head 1 realizes supporting through a plurality of support columns 8 that circumference was arranged.

This embodiment equipment still includes a supporting bench 10, a supporting bench 10 wears to establish on support column 8, and be located the below of chamber bottom plate 7, a supporting bench 10 can be followed 8 axial relative movements of support column, realize the location and the support of chamber bottom plate 7, also can be connected a supporting bench 10 and chamber bottom plate 7 simultaneously, a supporting bench 10 that has die cavity 2 reciprocates relatively to support column 8 promptly, be convenient for have the design chamber 2 of structure ceramic body 6 separate from forming head 1, then another die cavity 2 of deciding of reinstallation on forming head 1, in order to realize fast production and numerical control automated production.

In order to realize the automatic replacement of the fixed cavity 2, an externally-matched fixed cavity replacing mechanism is arranged below the molding machine head 1 and comprises a platform, a plurality of fixed cavities 2 arranged on the platform side by side and a driving piece driving the platform to do linear motion, and the fixed cavities 2 are matched with the molding machine head 1 to be replaced through the linear motion of the driving piece driving platform. In other embodiments, the external matching shaping cavity replacing mechanism comprises a platform, a plurality of shaping cavities 2 circumferentially arranged on the platform and a driving piece for driving the platform to rotate, and the platform is driven to rotate by the driving piece to replace the shaping cavities 2 matched with the molding machine head 1; or the external matching shaping cavity replacing mechanism is a manipulator, and the manipulator is used for replacing the shaping cavity 2 matched with the molding machine head 1.

The re-shaping eliminating liquid 5 is filled between the outer sleeve 3 and the inner sleeve 4, and the re-shaping eliminating liquid 5 is liquid with certain viscosity in the fixed cavity 2 and is injected from the outer pipe liquid introducing hole 32 in the lower part, then flows from bottom to top in the fixed cavity 2, and finally flows out from the outer pipe liquid introducing hole 31 in the upper part of the fixed cavity 2 and the inner channel of the inner sleeve 4 in the fixed cavity from the inner pipe liquid lower part introducing hole 42.

The main constituents of the reforming liquid 5 are determined by using the binder in the formulation when the structural ceramic body 6 is made; the reforming liquid 5 has: water, hydrophobic liquid, acidic liquid, alkaline liquid, organic liquid, liquid to which a thermosetting resin curing agent is added, liquid to which an initiator is added, or liquid to which an accelerator is added.

The temperature of the reforming liquid 5 is determined according to the optimum curing (hardening) temperature required for the adhesive, the temperature and flow rate of the reforming liquid 5 can be adjusted, and the temperature of the reforming liquid 5 is adjusted within a range of 30 to 120 °.

The function of the component parts of the equipment for manufacturing the structural ceramic body of the embodiment is as follows:

a) molding machine head 1

The forming machine head 1 is used for preparing a structural ceramic blank material by using structural ceramic powder, an adhesive and auxiliary materials according to a formula, extruding the structural ceramic blank material by the forming machine head 1 to prepare a structural ceramic blank 6, and extruding the structural ceramic blank from an outlet at the lower part of the forming machine head 1;

b) fixed cavity 2

The fixed cavity 2 mainly serves as a container for containing the re-shaping liquid 5, and the outer pipe liquid leading-out hole 31 and the outer pipe liquid leading-in hole 32 on the fixed cavity 2 are used for leading out or injecting the re-shaping liquid 5;

c) reforming-eliminating liquid 5

When the structural ceramic blank 6 is immersed in the re-shaping eliminating liquid 5, the re-shaping eliminating liquid 5 in the shaping cavity 2 generates upward buoyancy on the structural ceramic blank 6, and the buoyancy can counteract the gravity of the blank from one half to one third;

when the structural ceramic body 6 is immersed in the upward flowing de-reshaping liquid 5, the viscosity of the de-reshaping liquid 5 will generate an upward viscous force on the structural ceramic body 6, the magnitude of which depends on the viscosity coefficient, the liquid flow rate, the acting area, and other factors; in the embodiment, the flow velocity of the reshaping liquid 5 is adjusted to adjust the viscosity force, so that the rest part of the gravity borne by the blank body is offset; in other embodiments, besides adjusting the flow rate of the reshaping liquid 5, the size of the viscous force can be changed by adjusting the factors such as the viscosity coefficient and the acting area, so as to offset the rest of the gravity borne by the blank body; when buoyancy and viscous force generated by the re-shaping liquid 5 are eliminated and act on the structural ceramic blank 6, the upward buoyancy and the viscous force borne by the blank counteract the downward gravity, and the resultant force acting on the structural ceramic blank 6 is nearly zero, so that the blank is ensured not to deform under the action of external force in the manufacturing process;

when the structural ceramic body 6 is immersed in the reforming liquid 5, the water, the hydrophobic liquid, the acidic liquid, the alkaline liquid, the organic liquid, the liquid to which the thermosetting resin curing agent is added, the liquid to which the initiator is added, the liquid to which the accelerator is added, or the like in the reforming liquid 5 that promotes curing (hardening) of the structural ceramic body 6, and the temperature of the reforming liquid 5 can accelerate the curing (hardening) speed of the structural ceramic body 6.

The process flow of the equipment for manufacturing the structural ceramic body in the embodiment when manufacturing the structural ceramic body 6 is as follows:

1) butting the molding machine head 1 with the shaping cavity 2;

2) injecting the prepared re-shaping liquid 5 reaching the temperature requirement from the outer pipe liquid leading-in hole 32 until the fixed cavity 2 is filled, and then adjusting and maintaining the flow rate of the re-shaping liquid 5 according to the design requirement;

3) placing the prepared blank material for manufacturing the structural ceramic blank 6 into the molding machine head 1 which is started to operate, carrying out extrusion molding through the molding machine head 1, and then extruding the molded structural ceramic blank 6 from an outlet at the lower part of the molding machine head 1;

4) during the continuous downward elongation of the extruded structural ceramic body 6, the upward flow of the reshaping liquid 5 is eliminated;

when the structural ceramic blank 6 is a round pipe or a square pipe and the length of the pipe is relatively short, the elimination secondary molding liquid 5 injected from the outer pipe liquid introduction hole 32 at the bottom of the shaping cavity 2 enters the space between the structural ceramic blank 6 and the outer sleeve 3 of the shaping cavity to accelerate to flow upwards after encountering the structural ceramic blank 6, is discharged from the outer pipe liquid guide hole 31 after reaching the upper part of the shaping cavity 2, and enters the space between the structural ceramic blank 6 and the inner sleeve 4 of the shaping cavity to accelerate to flow upwards, and flows through the central hole (inner channel) of the inner sleeve 4 of the shaping cavity after reaching the upper part of the shaping cavity 2 and is discharged from the inner pipe liquid lower part guide hole 42;

5) when the structural ceramic body 6 extends to a set length, closing the molding machine head 1 and cutting off the structural ceramic body 6;

6) separating the molding machine head 1 from the shaping cavity 2, and butting the molding machine head 1 with the next shaping cavity 2 to form a continuous production flow;

7) and (3) continuously keeping the temperature and the flow rate of the re-shaping liquid 5 in the shaping cavity 2 at reasonable values in the shaping cavity 2 filled with the structural ceramic blank 6 until the structural ceramic blank 6 is completely cured (hardened), and then taking out the structural ceramic blank 6 to finish the manufacturing of the structural ceramic blank 6.

Example two

The difference from the first embodiment: as shown in fig. 2, when the axial length of the sleeve-type structural ceramic blank 6 to be manufactured is long and the binder is sensitive to temperature, the middle of the outer sleeve 3 of the shaping cavity is provided with a plurality of outer pipe liquid adjusting holes 33 and the middle of the inner sleeve 4 of the shaping cavity is provided with a plurality of inner pipe liquid adjusting holes 43.

The elimination reshaping liquid 5 is injected from the outer tube liquid leading-in hole 32 at the lower part, then flows from bottom to top in the reshaping cavity 2, and finally flows out from the outer tube liquid leading-out hole 31 at the upper part of the reshaping cavity 2; meanwhile, the re-shaping eliminating liquid 5 can be injected into the shaping channel through the outer tube liquid adjusting hole 33 and the inner tube liquid adjusting hole 43, and the re-shaping eliminating liquid 5 in the shaping channel can also be led out so as to control the flow rate and the temperature of the whole re-shaping eliminating liquid 5; thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting and controlling the flow rate, temperature and direction of the whole or the segments of the reshaped liquid 5.

EXAMPLE III

The difference from the second embodiment is that: as shown in fig. 3, the upper end of the inner sleeve 4 of the shaping chamber is connected to the molding machine head 1, and the upper part of the inner sleeve 4 of the shaping chamber is provided with an inner tube liquid upper outlet 41 for communicating the shaping channel and the inner channel.

Example four

The difference from the first embodiment is that: as shown in fig. 4, when the structural ceramic body 6 is a solid rod, a plate or an ultra-fine tube, the shaping cavity 2 comprises a shaping cavity outer sleeve 3 and a cavity bottom plate 7 (the shaping cavity inner sleeve 4 is removed); the upper end of the fixed-cavity outer sleeve 3 is butted with an outlet of the molding machine head 1, and the lower end is hermetically connected with a cavity bottom plate 7; an outer pipe liquid leading-out hole 31 is arranged at the upper end of the fixed cavity outer sleeve 3, and an outer pipe liquid leading-in hole 32 is arranged at the lower end of the fixed cavity outer sleeve 3 or on the cavity bottom plate 7. The cavity bottom plate 7 does not need to be provided with an inner tube liquid lower part outlet hole 42, and the elimination reshaping liquid 5 injected from the outer tube liquid inlet hole 32 at the bottom of the shaping cavity 2 enters the space between the structural ceramic blank 6 and the shaping cavity outer sleeve 3 to flow upwards at an accelerated speed after encountering the structural ceramic blank 6, and is discharged from the outer tube liquid outlet hole 31 after reaching the upper part of the shaping cavity 2.

EXAMPLE five

The difference from the fourth embodiment is that: as shown in fig. 5, when the structural ceramic body 6 to be manufactured has a long axial length and the binder is sensitive to temperature, the middle of the outer sleeve 3 of the shaping cavity is provided with a plurality of outer-tube liquid adjusting holes 33.

The liquid 5 for removing reshaping is injected from the liquid leading-in hole 32 of the outer tube at the lower part, then flows from bottom to top in the shaping cavity 2, finally flows out from the liquid leading-out hole 31 of the outer tube at the upper part of the shaping cavity 2, and simultaneously can inject the liquid 5 for removing reshaping into the shaping channel through the liquid adjusting hole 33 of the outer tube, and also can lead out the liquid 5 for removing reshaping in the shaping channel, so as to control the flow rate and the temperature of the whole liquid 5 for removing reshaping; thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting and controlling the flow rate, temperature and direction of the whole or the segments of the reshaped liquid 5.

EXAMPLE six

The difference from the first to the third embodiments: an external guide straightening structure 11 is arranged in the fixed cavity 2 and used for providing guide straightening for the outer wall of the structural ceramic blank 6 from the periphery in the downward extension process of the structural ceramic blank 6. As shown in fig. 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d, the outer guiding straightening structure 11 includes an outer annular frame 111 and a plurality of outer straightening rods 112, the plurality of outer straightening rods 112 are uniformly distributed in the sizing cavity outer sleeve 3 along the circumferential direction and are fixed by the outer annular frame 111, the lower ends of the outer straightening rods 112 are connected with the cavity bottom plate 7 or the lower ends of the outer straightening rods 112 are connected with the sizing cavity outer sleeve 3 or the outer annular frame 111 is connected with the sizing cavity outer sleeve 3, the outer annular frame 111 is a plurality of outer straightening rods 112 axially distributed, the side wall of the outer straightening rod 112 close to the structural ceramic blank 6 is in clearance fit with the outer wall of the design standard blank of the structural ceramic blank 6, and the size of the clearance is the maximum error allowed by the outward bulge of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank 6. In this embodiment, the outer straightening rod 112 may be a round rod or a round tube, as shown in fig. 6a and 6 b; the outer straightening rods 112 may also be square rods or tubes, as shown in fig. 6c and 6 d.

EXAMPLE seven

The difference from the first to the third embodiments: an external guide straightening structure 11 is arranged in the fixed cavity 2 and used for providing guide straightening for the outer wall of the structural ceramic blank 6 from the periphery in the downward extension process of the structural ceramic blank 6. As shown in fig. 7a and 7b, the outer guide straightening structure 11 includes an outer straightening sleeve 115 coaxially disposed in the sizing cavity outer sleeve 3 and a plurality of outer straightening hollow columns 116 axially disposed on the inner wall of the outer straightening sleeve 115 and circumferentially distributed, the outer straightening sleeve 115 is connected to the cavity bottom plate 7 or the lower ends of the outer straightening hollow columns 116 are connected to the cavity bottom plate 7 or the outer straightening sleeve 116 is connected to the sizing cavity outer sleeve 3, the outer straightening hollow columns 116 close to the side wall of the structural ceramic blank 6 are in clearance fit with the outer wall of the design standard blank of the structural ceramic blank 6, the size of the clearance is the maximum error allowed by the outward protrusion of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank 6, the outer straightening sleeve 115 is provided with an outer radial through hole 1151, and the outer straightening hollow columns 116 in this embodiment are hollow straightening circular tubes. In other embodiments, the outer straightening hollow column 116 may be a hollow square tube structure or a solid rod structure.

Example eight

The difference from the first to the third embodiments: an external guide straightening structure 11 is arranged in the fixed cavity 2 and used for guiding and straightening the outer wall of the structural ceramic blank body 6 from the periphery in the downward extension process of the structural ceramic blank body 6. As shown in fig. 8a and 8b, the outer guide straightening structure 11 includes a plurality of strip-shaped protruding ribs 113 axially disposed on the inner wall 312 of the outer sleeve of the sizing cavity and uniformly distributed circumferentially, the surfaces of the plurality of strip-shaped protruding ribs 113 close to the structural ceramic blank 6 are in clearance fit with the outer wall of the design standard blank of the structural ceramic blank 6, and the size of the clearance is the maximum error allowed by the outward protrusion of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank 6. In other embodiments, the strip-shaped raised ribs 113 and the sizing-cavity outer sleeve 3 may be an integral structure.

Example nine

The difference from the first to the third embodiments: an external guide straightening structure 11 is arranged in the fixed cavity 2 and used for providing guide straightening for the outer wall of the structural ceramic blank 6 from the periphery in the downward extension process of the structural ceramic blank 6. As shown in fig. 9a, 9b, 9c and 9d, the outer guiding straightening structure 11 includes a plurality of hollow outer straightening rods 114 distributed along the circumference of the outer sleeve 3 of the sizing chamber, one side of the hollow outer straightening rods 114 is fixed on the inner wall 312 of the outer sleeve of the sizing chamber, and the other side of the hollow outer straightening rods 114 is in clearance fit with the outer wall of the design standard blank of the structural ceramic blank 6, and the size of the clearance is the maximum error allowed by the outward protrusion of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank 6. In this embodiment, the hollow outer straightening rod 114 can be a round tube, as shown in FIGS. 9a and 9 b; the hollow outer straightening rod 114 may also be a square tube, as shown in fig. 9c and 9 d.

Example ten

The differences from the first embodiment to the third embodiment and the sixth embodiment to the ninth embodiment are as follows: in order to further improve the straightness of the structural ceramic blank 6 in the extending process, an inner guide straightening structure 12 is also arranged between the outer sleeve 3 of the shaping cavity and the inner sleeve 4 of the shaping cavity, and the inner wall of the structural ceramic blank 6 is provided with guide straightening from the inner periphery; as shown in fig. 10a, 10b and 6b, the inner guide straightening structure 12 is an inner straightening sleeve 125 arranged outside the inner sleeve 4 of the sizing cavity, the inner straightening sleeve 125 is connected with the cavity bottom plate 7, the outer contour of the radial section of the inner straightening sleeve 125 is polygonal or polygonal, the outer contour of the radial section of the inner straightening sleeve 125 of the embodiment is regular hexagon and is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the design standard blank of the structural ceramic blank 6, and the size of the clearance is the maximum error allowed by the inward protrusion of the inner surface of the structural ceramic blank 6; an inner radial through hole 1121 is formed in the inner straightening sleeve 125.

EXAMPLE eleven

The differences from the first embodiment to the third embodiment and the sixth embodiment to the ninth embodiment are as follows: in order to further improve the straightness of the structural ceramic blank 6 in the extending process, an inner guide straightening structure 12 is also arranged between the outer sleeve 3 of the shaping cavity and the inner sleeve 4 of the shaping cavity, and the inner wall of the structural ceramic blank 6 is provided with guide straightening from the inner periphery; as shown in fig. 11a and 11b, the inner guide straightening structure 12 includes an inner guide sleeve 121 coaxially disposed outside the inner sleeve 4 of the fixed cavity and an inner straightening ring 122 coaxially disposed on the outer wall of the inner guide sleeve 121, the inner guide sleeve 121 or/and the inner straightening ring 122 are connected to the cavity bottom plate 7, the outer profile of the radial cross section of the inner straightening ring 122 is polygonal or polygonal, the outer circumferential surface of the inner straightening ring 122 is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the design standard blank of the structural ceramic blank 6, the size of the clearance is the maximum error allowed by the inward protrusion of the inner surface of the structural ceramic blank 6, the inner straightening ring 122 is disposed at intervals along the axial direction of the inner guide sleeve 121, and the inner straightening ring 122 and the inner guide sleeve 121 are provided with inner radial through holes 1121 communicating with each other.

Example twelve

The differences from the first embodiment to the third embodiment and the sixth embodiment to the ninth embodiment are as follows: in order to further improve the straightness of the structural ceramic blank 6 in the extending process, an inner guide straightening structure 12 is also arranged between the outer sleeve 3 of the shaping cavity and the inner sleeve 4 of the shaping cavity, and the inner wall of the structural ceramic blank 6 is provided with guide straightening from the inner periphery; as shown in fig. 12a and 12b, the inner guide straightening structure 12 includes an inner guide sleeve 121 coaxially disposed outside the inner sleeve 4 of the fixed-cavity and a spiral member 123 spirally wound around the outer wall of the inner guide sleeve 121 at intervals, the outer circumferential surface of the spiral member 123 is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the standard blank of the structural ceramic blank 6, and the size of the clearance is the maximum value of the error allowed by the inward protrusion of the inner surface of the structural ceramic blank 6; the inner guide sleeve 121 is provided with an inner radial through hole 1121.

EXAMPLE thirteen

The differences from the first embodiment to the third embodiment and the sixth embodiment to the ninth embodiment are as follows: in order to further improve the straightness of the structural ceramic blank 6 in the extending process, an inner guide straightening structure 12 is also arranged between the outer sleeve 3 of the shaping cavity and the inner sleeve 4 of the shaping cavity, and the inner wall of the structural ceramic blank 6 is provided with guide straightening from the inner periphery; as shown in fig. 13a and 13b, the inner guiding and straightening structure 12 is a spiral element 123 spirally wound on the outer wall 412 of the sleeve in the sizing chamber at intervals, the outer circular surface of the spiral element 123 is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the standard blank for designing the structural ceramic blank 6, and the size of the clearance is the maximum value of the error allowed by the inward protrusion of the inner surface of the structural ceramic blank 6.

Example fourteen

The differences from the first embodiment to the third embodiment and the sixth embodiment to the ninth embodiment are as follows: in order to further improve the straightness of the structural ceramic blank 6 in the extending process, an inner guide straightening structure 12 is further arranged between the outer sleeve 3 of the shaping cavity and the inner sleeve 4 of the shaping cavity, and guide straightening is provided for the inner wall of the structural ceramic blank 6 from the inner periphery. As shown in fig. 14a, the inner guide straightening structure 12 is an inner straightening member 124 axially disposed on the outer wall 412 of the sleeve 4 in the sizing chamber, the inner straightening member 124 and the sleeve 4 in the sizing chamber are a single member, the outer contour of the radial section of the inner straightening member 124 is polygonal or polygonal, and is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the standard blank of the structural ceramic blank 6, and the size of the clearance is the maximum error allowed by the inward protrusion of the inner surface of the structural ceramic blank 6. As shown in fig. 14b, the inner straightening member 124 has a cylindrical structure, and the outer profile of the radial cross section is a regular hexagon. As shown in fig. 14c, the inner straightening elements 124 may be a plurality of positioning rings arranged at intervals along the axial direction, and the outer contour of the radial section of each positioning ring is polygonal or polygonal and is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the structural ceramic body 6, which is the maximum error allowed by the inward protrusion of the inner surface of the structural ceramic body 6.

Example fifteen

The difference from the first embodiment: as shown in fig. 15, the inner tube liquid adjusting hole 43 of the inner tube 4 of the shaping cavity is connected with the liquid adjusting tube 9, the liquid adjusting tube 9 is arranged in the inner channel, one end of the liquid adjusting tube 9 is connected with the inner tube liquid adjusting hole 43, and the other end of the liquid adjusting tube passes through the inner tube liquid lower leading-out hole 42 to be communicated with the external elimination reshaping liquid 5 supply unit and/or the external elimination reshaping liquid 5 collection unit, so as to adjust the flow rate and temperature of the whole elimination reshaping liquid 5 in the shaping cavity.

Example sixteen

The difference between the fourth embodiment and the fifth embodiment is that: an external guide straightening structure 11 is arranged in the fixed cavity 2 and used for providing guide straightening for the outer wall of the structural ceramic blank 6 from the periphery in the downward extension process of the structural ceramic blank 6. The outer guide straightening structure 11 of the sixth embodiment to the ninth embodiment can be adopted as the outer guide straightening structure 11 of the present embodiment.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the technical solution of the present invention, and any modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the main technical idea of the present invention belong to the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for making a structural ceramic body, comprising: comprises a molding machine head (1) and a fixed cavity (2) arranged right below an outlet of the molding machine head (1);

and a shaping channel is arranged in the shaping cavity (2), and a re-shaping eliminating liquid (5) flowing from bottom to top is arranged in the shaping channel and used for generating an external force which upwards counteracts the gravity borne by the structural ceramic blank (6).

2. The apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to claim 1, wherein: the detritus liquid (5) is water or a liquid with a viscosity.

3. The apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to claim 1, wherein: the de-reforming liquid (5) is hydrophobic liquid or acidic liquid or alkaline liquid or organic liquid or liquid added with curing agent or liquid added with initiator or liquid added with accelerator;

the reforming liquid (5) is a liquid with adjustable temperature and flow rate.

4. The apparatus for making a structural ceramic body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the shaping cavity (2) comprises a shaping cavity outer sleeve (3) and a cavity bottom plate (7);

the upper end of the shaping cavity outer sleeve (3) is butted with a port at an extrusion outlet of a structural ceramic blank (6) on a molding machine head (1), and the lower end of the shaping cavity outer sleeve is connected with a cavity bottom plate (7);

the upper end of the shaping cavity outer sleeve (3) is provided with an outer tube liquid outlet hole (31);

the lower end of the shaping cavity outer sleeve (3) and/or the cavity bottom plate (7) are/is provided with an outer pipe liquid leading-in hole (32).

5. The apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to claim 4, wherein: the middle part of the shaping cavity outer sleeve (3) is provided with an outer tube liquid adjusting hole (33).

6. The apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to claim 5, wherein: an external guide straightening structure (11) is arranged in the shaping cavity outer sleeve (3) and is used for guiding and straightening the outer wall of the structural ceramic blank body (6) from the periphery.

7. The apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to claim 6, wherein:

the outer guide straightening structure (11) comprises an outer annular frame (111) and a plurality of outer straightening rods (112), the outer straightening rods (112) are distributed in the sizing cavity outer sleeve (3) along the circumferential direction and are fixed through the outer annular frame (111), the lower ends of the outer straightening rods (112) are connected with the cavity bottom plate (7) or the outer annular frame (111) is connected with the sizing cavity outer sleeve (3) or the outer annular frame (111) is connected with the cavity bottom plate (7), the outer straightening rods (112) close to the side wall of the structural ceramic blank (6) are in clearance fit with the outer wall of the design standard blank of the structural ceramic blank (6), and the size of the clearance is the maximum error allowed by the outward protrusion of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank (6);

or the outer guide straightening structure (11) comprises an outer straightening sleeve (115) coaxially arranged in the outer sleeve (3) of the shaping cavity and a plurality of outer straightening hollow columns (116) which are axially arranged on the inner wall of the outer straightening sleeve (115) and are circumferentially distributed, the side wall of each outer straightening hollow column (116), close to the structural ceramic blank body (6), is in clearance fit with the outer wall of the structural ceramic blank body (6) according to the design standard blank body, the size of the clearance is the maximum error value allowed by the outward bulge of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank body (6), and an outer radial through hole (1151) is formed in the outer straightening sleeve (115); the outer straightening sleeve (115) is connected with the cavity bottom plate (7), or the outer straightening sleeve (115) is connected with the shaping cavity outer sleeve (3), or the outer straightening hollow column (116) is connected with the cavity bottom plate (7);

or the outer guide straightening structure (11) comprises a plurality of strip-shaped protruding edges (113) which are axially arranged on the inner wall of the outer sleeve (3) of the shaping cavity and are circumferentially distributed, the surfaces of the strip-shaped protruding edges (113) close to the structural ceramic blank body (6) are in clearance fit with the outer wall of the design standard blank body of the structural ceramic blank body (6), and the size of the clearance is the maximum error value allowed by the outward protrusion of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank body (6);

or the outer guide straightening structure (11) comprises a plurality of hollow outer straightening rods (114) distributed along the circumferential direction of the shaping cavity outer sleeve (3), one side of the outer wall of each hollow outer straightening rod (114) is fixed on the inner wall of the shaping cavity outer sleeve (3), the other side of the outer wall of each hollow outer straightening rod is in clearance fit with the outer wall of a design standard blank of the structural ceramic blank (6), and the size of each clearance is the maximum error allowed by the outward protrusion of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank (6).

8. The apparatus for making a structural ceramic body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the fixed cavity (2) comprises a fixed cavity outer sleeve (3), a fixed cavity inner sleeve (4) and a cavity bottom plate (7);

the fixed-cavity inner sleeve (4) is positioned in the fixed-cavity outer sleeve (3) and is vertically fixed on the cavity bottom plate (7);

the upper ends of the fixed-cavity outer sleeve (3) and the fixed-cavity inner sleeve (4) are butted with an interface at an extrusion outlet of a structural ceramic blank (6) on the molding machine head (1);

the shaping channel is formed between the fixed-cavity outer sleeve (3) and the fixed-cavity inner sleeve (4), and a ceramic blank (6) with a structure to be shaped, which is manufactured at the outlet of the molding machine head (1), is positioned in the shaping channel;

the inner part of the fixed-cavity inner sleeve (4) is used as an inner channel, the upper end of the inner channel is communicated with the upper end of the fixed-cavity channel, and the inner channel is an inner channel for discharging the fixed-cavity liquid (5);

the lower end of the shaping cavity outer sleeve (3) and/or the cavity bottom plate (7) are/is provided with an outer tube liquid leading-in hole (32) communicated with the shaping channel, and the upper end of the shaping cavity outer sleeve (3) is provided with an outer tube liquid leading-out hole (31) communicated with the shaping channel;

an inner pipe liquid lower part leading-out hole (42) communicated with the inner channel is formed in the cavity bottom plate (7);

the liquid (5) flows from bottom to top in the shaping channel and from top to bottom in the inner channel.

9. The apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to claim 8, wherein: the middle part of the shaping cavity outer sleeve (3) is provided with an outer tube liquid adjusting hole (33);

an inner pipe liquid adjusting hole (43) is formed in the middle of the fixed-cavity inner sleeve (4);

an inner tube liquid upper part leading-out hole (41) is formed in the upper part of the fixed-cavity inner sleeve (4).

10. The apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to claim 9, wherein: an outer guide straightening structure (11) and/or an inner guide straightening structure (12) are arranged in the outer sleeve (3) of the shaping cavity and are respectively used for carrying out guide straightening on the outer wall of the structural ceramic blank body (6) from the outer periphery and/or carrying out guide straightening on the inner wall of the structural ceramic blank body (6) from the inner periphery.

11. The apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to claim 10, wherein: the fixed-cavity inner sleeve (4) and the fixed-cavity outer sleeve (3) are arranged in the same axial direction;

or the outer guide straightening structure (11) comprises an outer straightening sleeve (115) coaxially arranged in the outer sleeve (3) of the sizing cavity and a plurality of outer straightening hollow columns (116) which are axially arranged on the inner wall of the outer straightening sleeve (115) and are circumferentially distributed, the side wall of each outer straightening hollow column (116), close to the structural ceramic blank body (6), is in clearance fit with the outer wall of the design standard blank body of the structural ceramic blank body (6), the size of the clearance is the maximum value of an error allowed by the outward bulge of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank body (6), and an outer radial through hole (1151) is formed in the outer straightening sleeve (115); the outer straightening sleeve (115) is connected with the cavity bottom plate (7), the lower end of the outer straightening hollow column (116) is connected with the cavity bottom plate (7), or the outer straightening sleeve (115) is connected with the shaping cavity outer sleeve (3);

or the outer guide straightening structure (11) comprises a plurality of strip-shaped protruding edges (113) which are axially arranged on the inner wall of the outer sleeve (3) of the shaping cavity and are circumferentially distributed, the surfaces, close to the structural ceramic blank body (6), of the plurality of strip-shaped protruding edges (113) are in clearance fit with the outer wall of the design standard blank body of the structural ceramic blank body (6), and the size of the clearance is the maximum error value allowed by the outward protrusion of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank body (6);

or the outer guide straightening structure (11) comprises a plurality of hollow outer straightening rods (114) distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer sleeve (3) of the shaping cavity, one side of the outer wall of each hollow outer straightening rod (114) is fixed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve (3) of the shaping cavity, the other side of the outer wall of each hollow outer straightening rod is in clearance fit with the outer wall of a design standard blank of the structural ceramic blank (6), and the size of each clearance is the maximum error allowed by the outward protrusion of the outer surface of the structural ceramic blank (6);

the inner guide straightening structure (12) comprises an inner guide sleeve (121) arranged on the outer side of the inner sleeve (4) with a fixed cavity and an inner straightening ring (122) coaxially arranged on the outer wall of the inner guide sleeve (121), the inner guide sleeve (121) or/and the inner straightening ring (122) are connected with the cavity bottom plate (7), the inner straightening ring (122) is in clearance fit with the inner wall of a design standard blank of the structural ceramic blank (6), the size of the clearance is the maximum error value allowed by inward protrusion of the inner surface of the structural ceramic blank (6), and an inner radial through hole (1121) is formed in the inner guide sleeve (121);

or the inner guide straightening structure (12) comprises an inner guide sleeve (121) coaxially arranged on the outer side of the inner sleeve (4) in the fixed cavity and a spiral piece (123) spirally wound on the outer wall of the inner guide sleeve (121) at intervals, the inner guide sleeve (121) is connected with the cavity bottom plate (7), the outer circular surface of the spiral piece (123) is in clearance fit with the inner wall of a design standard blank of the structural ceramic blank (6), and the size of the clearance is the maximum error allowed by the inward protrusion of the inner surface of the structural ceramic blank (6); an inner radial through hole (1121) is formed in the inner guide sleeve (121);

or the inner guide straightening structure (12) is a spiral piece (123) spirally wound on the outer wall of the inner sleeve (4) of the fixed cavity at intervals, the outer circular surface of the spiral piece (123) is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the structural ceramic blank (6) in the design standard blank, and the size of the clearance is the maximum error value allowed by the inward protrusion of the inner surface of the structural ceramic blank (6);

or the inner guide straightening structure (12) comprises an inner straightening sleeve (125) coaxially arranged on the outer side of the inner sleeve (4) in the fixed cavity, the inner straightening sleeve (125) is connected with the cavity bottom plate (7), the outer contour of the radial section of the inner straightening sleeve (125) is polygonal or polygonal, the outer contour of the radial section of the inner straightening sleeve is in clearance fit with the inner wall of a standard blank designed for the structural ceramic blank (6), and the size of the clearance is the maximum error allowed by the inward protrusion of the inner surface of the structural ceramic blank (6);

or the inner guide straightening structure (12) is an inner straightening piece (124) which is axially arranged on the outer wall of the inner sleeve (4) in the fixed cavity, the outer contour of the radial section of the inner straightening piece (124) is polygonal or polygonal, and is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the structural ceramic blank (6) in the design standard blank, and the size of the clearance is the maximum error allowed by the inward protrusion of the inner surface of the structural ceramic blank (6).

12. The apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to claim 11, wherein: the liquid regulating device further comprises a liquid regulating pipe (9) arranged in the inner channel, one end of the liquid regulating pipe (9) is connected with the inner pipe liquid regulating hole (43), and the other end of the liquid regulating pipe penetrates out of the inner pipe liquid lower part leading-out hole (42).

13. The apparatus for making a structural ceramic body according to claim 1, wherein: the molding machine head (1) and the shaping cavity (2) are detachably connected.