CN113319110A - Method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil and increasing fertilizer by spraying waste mash of alcohol - Google Patents
Method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil and increasing fertilizer by spraying waste mash of alcohol Download PDFInfo
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- CN113319110A CN113319110A CN202110537384.0A CN202110537384A CN113319110A CN 113319110 A CN113319110 A CN 113319110A CN 202110537384 A CN202110537384 A CN 202110537384A CN 113319110 A CN113319110 A CN 113319110A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 102000004317 Lyases Human genes 0.000 claims description 11
- 108090000856 Lyases Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010051210 beta-Fructofuranosidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001573 invertase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011073 invertase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710145411 Acid beta-fructofuranosidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000658379 Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010043934 Sucrose synthase Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FGZBFIYFJUAETR-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;magnesium;silicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] FGZBFIYFJUAETR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002306 biochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010563 solid-state fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/02—Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching, flotation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil and increasing fertilizer by spraying alcohol waste mash, which improves heavy metal contaminated soil by using alcohol waste mash rich in various organic components in a spraying mode. The method has the advantages of simple operation and process flow, high practical value and low cost, fully utilizes solid wastes, realizes the resource utilization of the wastes, solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste mash of alcohol, achieves the aim of treating wastes with processes of wastes against one another, effectively removes heavy metals in soil, provides fertility for the soil, prevents pests from erosion and realizes soil chemical and vegetation reclamation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil and increasing fertility by spraying waste mash of alcohol.
Background
The molasses alcohol waste mash is obtained by fermenting molasses which is a byproduct of cane sugar preparation in a sugar refinery, 13-15 tons of waste mash can be generated every ton of alcohol, and the molasses alcohol waste mash is one of the most serious pollution discharge sources in the cane sugar industry. The method is acidic organic wastewater with high pollutant concentration, has large treatment investment and high difficulty, and can cause water eutrophication and destroy the ecological balance of the water body by direct discharge. Meanwhile, the waste mash contains a large amount of organic matters such as protein, fat, saccharides and cellulose, and also contains more N, P, K, organic matters, amino acids and other nutrient substances, so that the physical and chemical properties of soil can be changed, the soil fertility is improved, the growth of crops is promoted, and the waste mash can be used as a better fertilizer. At present, the treatment modes of waste mash at home and abroad mainly comprise an agricultural irrigation method, a fermentation method, a PSB biochemical method, a combustion method and the like, wherein the agricultural irrigation method can increase the soil fertility, is a resource utilization method and can save the treatment cost.
The soil remediation technology comprises physical remediation, chemical remediation and biological remediation, wherein a chemical leaching method is one of the more effective methods for removing heavy metal pollution. The traditional soil eluting agent is generally an organic/inorganic acid eluting agent, a complexing eluting agent, a surfactant and the like, has higher cost, has feasibility by replacing the traditional organic acid eluting agent with waste alcohol mash, has low economic cost, and can fully utilize solid wastes to achieve the aim of treating wastes with wastes.
CN 102503594A discloses a method for producing high-concentration organic fertilizer by using waste mash of alcohol in a sugar refinery. The method is simple to operate, the waste mash treatment cost is low, secondary pollution cannot be caused, but the used evaporator needs to be cleaned once within 8-24 hours, and the operation cost is increased. Therefore, it is very important to develop a soil conditioner which can wash the heavy metal contaminated soil and increase the soil fertility by sugar-making byproducts. The invention has simple process and operation, saves cost, can treat wastes with wastes, realizes the resource utilization of wastes, solves the treatment difficulty of waste mash, reduces environmental capacity and avoids environmental pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil and increasing fertilizer by spraying alcohol waste mash.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
s1, digging part of soil polluted by heavy metals on site, wherein the sampling depth is 0-20 cm, naturally air-drying a soil sample, removing impurities and gravels in the soil, and sieving the soil sample with a 2mm nylon sieve to obtain the soil to be treated;
s2, recovering waste alcohol mash produced by a sugar refinery, directly spraying the waste alcohol mash into soil to be treated, enabling the soil to be treated and the waste alcohol mash to realize solid-liquid separation, and leaching the soil to be treated by the waste alcohol mash to realize detoxification;
s3, adding sucrose lyase into the detoxified soil in the step S2, and sealing by using a film to perform solid anaerobic fermentation reaction;
and S4, adding alkaline substances into the soil after the reaction in the step S3, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.5, and naturally drying the soil in the shade.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the invention adopts the waste mash of alcohol which is a byproduct of a sugar refinery as an acid eluent, can effectively elute heavy metals in soil, reduce the heavy metals in the soil and change the physicochemical property of the soil, and waste residues in the waste mash of alcohol can be subjected to solid anaerobic fermentation reaction, thereby improving the soil fertility, realizing soil pollution remediation and achieving the purpose of treating wastes with processes of wastes.
2. The invention is easy to cause soil hardening because of over high sugar content in the waste mash of alcohol, so the sugar content can be decomposed into glucose and the like by adding the sucrose-decomposing enzyme, and under the action of soil microorganisms, nutrient substances are provided for plant growth.
3. The method has simple process, uses the waste in the sugar industry as the raw material, realizes resource utilization, has low cost, reduces the economic burden of industrial wastewater discharge of enterprises, and brings certain economic benefit for sugar enterprises.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-feeder, 2-spraying device, 3-heavy metal contaminated soil, 4-turnover stirrer, 5-pore plate, 6-leacheate receiving device, 7-lyase feeder, 8-fermentation barrel, 9-alkaline substance feeder and 10-stirring device.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any variations based on the teachings of the invention are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
The invention relates to a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil by spraying alcohol waste mash and increasing fertility, which comprises the following steps:
s1, digging part of soil polluted by heavy metals on site, wherein the sampling depth is 0-20 cm, naturally air-drying a soil sample, removing impurities and gravels in the soil, and sieving the soil sample with a 2mm nylon sieve to obtain the soil to be treated;
s2, recovering waste alcohol mash produced by a sugar refinery, directly spraying the waste alcohol mash into soil to be treated, enabling the soil to be treated and the waste alcohol mash to realize solid-liquid separation, and leaching the soil to be treated by the waste alcohol mash to realize detoxification;
s3, adding sucrose lyase into the detoxified soil in the step S2, and sealing by using a film to perform solid anaerobic fermentation reaction;
and S4, adding alkaline substances into the soil after the reaction in the step S3, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.5, and naturally drying the soil in the shade.
Preferably, the waste residue is mainly one or more crude fibers of cassava peel, bagasse and rhizomes.
Preferably, the liquid-solid ratio of the alcohol waste mash to the soil in the step S2 is 1: 10-60, and the spraying flow rate is 5 mL/min-1。
Preferably, the sucrose degrading enzyme in step S3 is one or more of sucrose synthase, cytoplasmic invertase, vacuolar invertase, and cell wall invertase.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the sucrose decomposition enzyme, the waste residue and the washed soil in the solid state fermentation reaction in the step S3 is 1-2: 0.1-1: 1 stirring uniformly.
Preferably, the solid anaerobic fermentation reaction in the step S3 is performed in a plastic barrel with a diameter of 35cm and a height of 40cm, and a high barrier film is sealed to ensure a strict anaerobic environment. The fermentation temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the fermentation time is 20-25 days.
Preferably, the alkaline substance in the step S4 is one or more of slaked lime, calcium silicate, calcium magnesium silicate and calcium carbonate, and the addition amount is 25 g/kg.
Preferably, the soil moisture after natural drying in the shade in the step of S4 is not less than 20%.
The device for repairing heavy metal polluted soil and increasing fertilizer by using the alcohol waste mash spraying method comprises a feeder 1, a spraying device 2, a leacheate bearing device 6, a decomposition enzyme feeder 7, a fermentation barrel 8, an alkaline substance feeder 9 and a stirring device 10, wherein the feeder 1 is connected with a spraying head arranged at the upper part of the spraying device 2, an overturning stirrer 4 and a pore plate 5 are sequentially arranged at the lower part of the spraying device 2, the decomposition enzyme feeder 7 is arranged on the fermentation barrel 8, the alkaline substance feeder 9 is arranged on the stirring device 10, and the leacheate bearing device 6 is connected below the bottom of the spraying device 2.
The working principle and the working process of the device are as follows: the invention utilizes the filtrate of the waste mash of alcohol as the soil eluting agent to react with the heavy metal in the soil polluted by the heavy metal to form soluble heavy metal ions or metal complexes, thereby reducing the toxicity of the soil polluted by the heavy metal and reducing the harm to the environment. The device comprises a feeder 1, a spraying device 2, a turnover stirrer 4, a pore plate 5, a leaching solution receiving barrel 6, a fermentation barrel 8, an alkaline substance feeder 9, a soil mixer 10, a sucrose decomposition enzyme, a soil mixer 10, a soil conditioner, a soil.
The present invention will be further described with reference to examples 1 to 8.
Example 1
The method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil and increasing fertilizer by spraying alcohol waste mash comprises the following steps:
s1, digging part of soil polluted by heavy metals on site, wherein the sampling depth is 0-20 cm, naturally air-drying a soil sample, removing impurities and gravels in the soil, and sieving the soil sample with a 2mm nylon sieve to obtain the soil to be treated;
s2, recovering waste alcohol mash produced by a sugar refinery, wherein the waste alcohol mash and the soil to be treated in the step S1 are mixed according to a liquid-solid ratio of 1: 10, the flow rate of leaching is 5 mL/min-1Directly spraying the aqueous solution into the soil to be treated to realize solid-liquid separation between the soil to be treated and the waste alcohol mash, and leaching the soil to be treated by the waste alcohol mash to realize detoxification;
s3, adding sucrose lyase, waste residues and the washed soil into the detoxified soil obtained in the step S2 according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.1: 1, sealing by using a film to perform solid anaerobic fermentation reaction;
s4, adding 25g/kg of alkaline substances into the soil after the reaction in the step S3, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.5, and naturally drying the soil in the shade, wherein the water content of the soil is not less than 20%.
Example 2
S1, digging part of soil polluted by heavy metals on site, wherein the sampling depth is 0-20 cm, naturally air-drying a soil sample, removing impurities and gravels in the soil, and sieving the soil sample with a 2mm nylon sieve to obtain the soil to be treated;
s2, recovering waste alcohol mash produced by a sugar refinery, wherein the waste alcohol mash and the soil to be treated in the step S1 are mixed according to a liquid-solid ratio of 1: 20, the flow rate of leaching is 5 mL/min-1Directly spraying the aqueous solution into the soil to be treated to realize solid-liquid separation between the soil to be treated and the waste alcohol mash, and leaching the soil to be treated by the waste alcohol mash to realize detoxification;
s3, adding sucrose lyase, waste residues and the washed soil into the detoxified soil obtained in the step S2 according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.2: 1, sealing by using a film to perform solid anaerobic fermentation reaction;
s4, adding 25g/kg of alkaline substances into the soil after the reaction in the step S3, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.5, and naturally drying the soil in the shade, wherein the water content of the soil is not less than 20%.
Example 3
S1, digging part of soil polluted by heavy metals on site, wherein the sampling depth is 0-20 cm, naturally air-drying a soil sample, removing impurities and gravels in the soil, and sieving the soil sample with a 2mm nylon sieve to obtain the soil to be treated;
s2, recovering waste alcohol mash produced by a sugar refinery, wherein the waste alcohol mash and the soil to be treated in the step S1 are mixed according to a liquid-solid ratio of 1: 30, the leaching flow rate is 5 mL/min-1Directly spraying the aqueous solution into the soil to be treated to realize solid-liquid separation between the soil to be treated and the waste alcohol mash, and leaching the soil to be treated by the waste alcohol mash to realize detoxification;
s3, adding sucrose lyase, waste residues and the washed soil into the detoxified soil obtained in the step S2 according to the mass ratio of 1.2: 0.3: 1, sealing by using a film to perform solid anaerobic fermentation reaction;
s4, adding 25g/kg of alkaline substances into the soil after the reaction in the step S3, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.5, and naturally drying the soil in the shade, wherein the water content of the soil is not less than 20%.
Example 4
S1, digging part of soil polluted by heavy metals on site, wherein the sampling depth is 0-20 cm, naturally air-drying a soil sample, removing impurities and gravels in the soil, and sieving the soil sample with a 2mm nylon sieve to obtain the soil to be treated;
s2, recovering waste alcohol mash produced by a sugar refinery, wherein the waste alcohol mash and the soil to be treated in the step S1 are mixed according to a liquid-solid ratio of 1: 40, the flow rate of leaching is 5 mL/min-1Directly spraying the aqueous solution into the soil to be treated to realize solid-liquid separation between the soil to be treated and the waste alcohol mash, and leaching the soil to be treated by the waste alcohol mash to realize detoxification;
s3, adding sucrose lyase, waste residues and the washed soil into the detoxified soil obtained in the step S2 according to the mass ratio of 1.4: 0.4: 1, sealing by using a film to perform solid anaerobic fermentation reaction;
s4, adding 25g/kg of alkaline substances into the soil after the reaction in the step S3, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.5, and naturally drying the soil in the shade, wherein the water content of the soil is not less than 20%.
Example 5
S1, digging part of soil polluted by heavy metals on site, wherein the sampling depth is 0-20 cm, naturally air-drying a soil sample, removing impurities and gravels in the soil, and sieving the soil sample with a 2mm nylon sieve to obtain the soil to be treated;
s2, recovering waste alcohol mash produced by a sugar refinery, wherein the waste alcohol mash and the soil to be treated in the step S1 are mixed according to a liquid-solid ratio of 1: 50, the flow rate of leaching is 5 mL/min-1Directly spraying the aqueous solution into the soil to be treated to realize solid-liquid separation between the soil to be treated and the waste alcohol mash, and leaching the soil to be treated by the waste alcohol mash to realize detoxification;
s3, adding sucrose lyase, waste residues and the washed soil into the detoxified soil obtained in the step S2 according to the mass ratio of 1.6: 0.5: 1, sealing by using a film to perform solid anaerobic fermentation reaction;
s4, adding 25g/kg of alkaline substances into the soil after the reaction in the step S3, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.5, and naturally drying the soil in the shade, wherein the water content of the soil is not less than 20%.
Example 6
S1, digging part of soil polluted by heavy metals on site, wherein the sampling depth is 0-20 cm, naturally air-drying a soil sample, removing impurities and gravels in the soil, and sieving the soil sample with a 2mm nylon sieve to obtain the soil to be treated;
s2, recovering waste alcohol mash produced by a sugar refinery, wherein the waste alcohol mash and the soil to be treated in the step S1 are mixed according to a liquid-solid ratio of 1: 60 and the leaching flow rate is 5 mL/min-1Directly spraying the aqueous solution into the soil to be treated to realize solid-liquid separation between the soil to be treated and the waste alcohol mash, and leaching the soil to be treated by the waste alcohol mash to realize detoxification;
s3, adding sucrose lyase, waste residues and the washed soil into the detoxified soil obtained in the step S2 according to the mass ratio of 1.8: 0.6: 1, sealing by using a film to perform solid anaerobic fermentation reaction;
s4, adding 25g/kg of alkaline substances into the soil after the reaction in the step S3, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.5, and naturally drying the soil in the shade, wherein the water content of the soil is not less than 20%.
Example 7
S1, digging part of soil polluted by heavy metals on site, wherein the sampling depth is 0-20 cm, naturally air-drying a soil sample, removing impurities and gravels in the soil, and sieving the soil sample with a 2mm nylon sieve to obtain the soil to be treated;
s2, recovering waste alcohol mash produced by a sugar refinery, wherein the waste alcohol mash and the soil to be treated in the step S1 are mixed according to a liquid-solid ratio of 1: 60 and the leaching flow rate is 5 mL/min-1Directly spraying the aqueous solution into the soil to be treated to realize solid-liquid separation between the soil to be treated and the waste alcohol mash, and leaching the soil to be treated by the waste alcohol mash to realize detoxification;
s3, adding sucrose lyase, waste residues and the washed soil into the detoxified soil obtained in the step S2 according to the mass ratio of 2: 0.8: 1, sealing by using a film to perform solid anaerobic fermentation reaction;
s4, adding 25g/kg of alkaline substances into the soil after the reaction in the step S3, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.5, and naturally drying the soil in the shade, wherein the water content of the soil is not less than 20%.
Example 8
S1, digging part of soil polluted by heavy metals on site, wherein the sampling depth is 0-20 cm, naturally air-drying a soil sample, removing impurities and gravels in the soil, and sieving the soil sample with a 2mm nylon sieve to obtain the soil to be treated;
s2, recovering waste alcohol mash produced by a sugar refinery, wherein the waste alcohol mash and the soil to be treated in the step S1 are mixed according to a liquid-solid ratio of 1: 60 and the leaching flow rate is 5 mL/min-1Directly spraying the aqueous solution into the soil to be treated to realize solid-liquid separation between the soil to be treated and the waste alcohol mash, and leaching the soil to be treated by the waste alcohol mash to realize detoxification;
s3, adding sucrose lyase, waste residues and the washed soil into the detoxified soil obtained in the step S2 according to the mass ratio of 2: 1: 1, sealing by using a film to perform solid anaerobic fermentation reaction;
s4, adding 25g/kg of alkaline substances into the soil after the reaction in the step S3, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.5, and naturally drying the soil in the shade, wherein the water content of the soil is not less than 20%.
Example 9: effect of alcohol waste mash on repairing heavy metal contaminated soil
Method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil and increasing fertilizer by spraying alcohol waste mash according to embodiments 1-8
The effects of removing heavy metals from the soil, improving the fertility of the soil and influencing the plants by the improved soil are achieved by conventional methods. The results are shown in tables 1 and 2;
TABLE 1 soil heavy metal removal Effect
TABLE 2 fertility Effect of improved soil
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the method adopts the waste mash of alcohol to spray and repair the heavy metal contaminated soil, and the removal rate of the heavy metal can reach about 80 percent at most. The invention can also reduce the volume weight of the soil, increase the soil fertility, improve the content of organic matters and provide a basis for returning the heavy metal contaminated soil of the farmland to the farmland.
Claims (9)
1. A method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil and increasing fertilizer by spraying alcohol waste mash is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, digging part of soil polluted by heavy metals on site, wherein the sampling depth is 0-20 cm, naturally air-drying a soil sample, removing impurities and gravels in the soil, and sieving the soil sample with a 2mm nylon sieve to obtain the soil to be treated;
s2, recovering waste alcohol mash produced by a sugar refinery, directly spraying the waste alcohol mash into soil to be treated, enabling the soil to be treated and the waste alcohol mash to realize solid-liquid separation, and leaching the soil to be treated by the waste alcohol mash to realize detoxification;
s3, adding sucrose lyase into the detoxified soil in the step S2, and sealing by using a film to perform solid anaerobic fermentation reaction;
and S4, adding alkaline substances into the soil after the reaction in the step S3, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.5, and naturally drying the soil in the shade.
2. The method for remedying the heavy metal contaminated soil by spraying alcohol waste mash according to claim 1, wherein the pH value of the alcohol waste mash in the step S2 is between 4.0 and 4.8, the COD is 100000 to 130000mg/L, the BOD is 57000 to 67000mg/L, and the SS is 10.8 to 82.4 mg/L.
3. The method for spraying and repairing heavy metal contaminated soil and increasing fertilizer by using alcohol waste mash according to claim 1, wherein the liquid-solid ratio of the soil in the step S2 to the alcohol waste mash is 1: 10-60, and the spraying flow rate is 5 mL/min-1。
4. The method for remedying the heavy metal contaminated soil by spraying alcoholic waste mash as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sucrose degrading enzyme in step S3 is one or more of sucrose synthase, cytoplasmic invertase, vacuolar invertase and cell wall invertase.
5. The method for remedying the heavy metal contaminated soil and increasing the fertilizer by spraying the waste mash of alcohol according to claim 1, wherein the waste mash of alcohol comprises waste residues, and the waste residues are mainly one or more crude fibers of cassava skin, bagasse and rhizomes; and (3) in the step S3, the mass ratio of the sucrose decomposition enzyme, the waste residues and the washed soil in the solid-state anaerobic fermentation reaction is 1-2: 0.1-1: 1 stirring uniformly.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solid anaerobic fermentation reaction in step S3 is performed in a plastic barrel with a diameter of 35cm and a height of 40cm, and a high barrier film is sealed to ensure a strict anaerobic environment; the fermentation temperature is 25-35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 20-25 days.
7. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil and increasing fertilizer by using the alcoholic waste mash spray method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alkaline substance in the step of S4 is one or more of slaked lime, calcium silicate, calcium magnesium silicate and calcium carbonate, and the addition amount is 25 g/kg.
8. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil and increasing fertilizer by alcohol waste mash spraying method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the soil naturally dried in the shade in the step of S4 is not less than 20%.
9. The device for restoring heavy metal polluted soil and increasing fertilizer according to the alcohol waste mash spraying method of any one of claims 1-8 is characterized by comprising a feeder (1), a spraying device (2), a leacheate receiving device (6), a decomposing enzyme feeder (7), a fermentation barrel (8), an alkaline substance feeder (9) and a stirring device (10), wherein the feeder (1) is connected with a spraying head arranged at the upper part of the spraying device (2), an overturning stirrer (4) and a pore plate (5) are sequentially arranged at the lower part of the spraying device (2), the decomposing enzyme feeder (7) is arranged on the fermentation barrel (8), the alkaline substance feeder (9) is arranged on the stirring device (10), and the leacheate receiving device (6) is connected below the bottom of the spraying device (2).
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