CN113316397A - Quality control of rod-shaped products of the tobacco processing industry - Google Patents

Quality control of rod-shaped products of the tobacco processing industry Download PDF

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CN113316397A
CN113316397A CN201980090179.5A CN201980090179A CN113316397A CN 113316397 A CN113316397 A CN 113316397A CN 201980090179 A CN201980090179 A CN 201980090179A CN 113316397 A CN113316397 A CN 113316397A
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rod
shaped products
shaped
receiving
products
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CN113316397B (en
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D·巴倫
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Koerber Technologies GmbH
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Hauni Maschinenbau GmbH
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24CMACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/32Separating, ordering, counting or examining cigarettes; Regulating the feeding of tobacco according to rod or cigarette condition
    • A24C5/34Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes
    • A24C5/3412Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes by means of light, radiation or electrostatic fields

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a measuring device and a method for measuring at least one quality parameter of a rod-shaped product (10) of the tobacco processing industry. The method according to the invention is characterized in that the rod-shaped products (10) are conveyed transversely to the longitudinal axis (11) of the rod-shaped products (10) and X-ray radiation (12) is passed through the rod-shaped products (10) during the conveyance, wherein the transmitted X-ray radiation (12) is recorded by means of a flat detector (13) and a transmission image of the respective rod-shaped product (10) is generated by means of time delay integration.

Description

Quality control of rod-shaped products of the tobacco processing industry
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring at least one quality parameter of a rod-shaped product, in particular a heated, non-combustible product, of the tobacco processing industry, wherein the rod-shaped product is transported transversely to the longitudinal axis of the rod-shaped product. The invention further relates to a measuring device of the tobacco processing industry, comprising a conveying device for conveying rod-shaped products of the tobacco processing industry, in particular heated non-combustible products, wherein the conveying device has a receiving groove for receiving the rod-shaped products, wherein the conveying device is designed to convey the rod-shaped products in a direction transverse to a longitudinal axis of the receiving groove.
Background
In the tobacco processing industry, it is important to study not only the quality of the rod-shaped products produced, such as, for example, filter cigarettes or filter rods or multi-segment filter rods, but also the quality of the heat-not-burn products, in order to exclude the rod-shaped products that do not meet the quality requirements from further production processes or to influence the production machine, preferably with regard to control or regulation technology, in such a way that quality parameters are observed or the quality of the rod-shaped products is improved in continuous operation. For this purpose, prior art documents are known, such as, for example, WO 2015/138440 a1 or DE 102014213244 a 1. In both of the cited patent applications, measuring devices are described, by means of which the properties of rod-shaped products of the tobacco processing industry can be investigated.
In the context of the present patent application or patent, quality parameters refer to the diameter, roundness, position of the segments, the shape of the segments, the inner diameter of the tubules, the presence and/or position of additional elements, such as, for example, a shell filled with liquid, the length of the rod-shaped product and the like. There are in particular products for which the conventional measuring methods fail, because materials are used which are unsuitable for the conventional measuring methods. In particular heat not burn products have an aluminium foil which is wound around a rod-shaped product or is arranged as one of the outermost or outer layers of such a rod-shaped product. Transmission images in the optical or infrared range cannot be realized with these products. The use of X-ray radiation is also hardly suitable for such products per se, since sufficient contrast of the transmission image cannot be expected even when X-ray radiation is used when such products are transported rapidly in the machines of the tobacco processing industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the invention is to enable reliable and highly accurate measurement of quality parameters also for rod-shaped products of the tobacco processing industry, which have components that make conventional transmission measurements difficult.
The object is achieved by a method for measuring at least one quality parameter, in particular the length of one or more segments or the type of at least one segment, of a rod-shaped product, in particular a heated non-combustible product, of the tobacco processing industry, wherein the rod-shaped product is transported transversely to its longitudinal axis and X-ray radiation penetrates the rod-shaped product during the transport, wherein the transmitted X-ray radiation is recorded by means of a flat detector and a transmission image of the respective rod-shaped product is generated by means of time delay integration.
By the method according to the invention and the resulting longer exposure times, a significantly higher contrast and thus a higher image quality result. The evaluation of the transmission image by means of, in particular, digital image processing is therefore simplified and has a higher degree of accuracy. It is particularly preferred to synchronize the time delay integral with the conveying speed of the rod-shaped products. In this case, the control device, which controls the recording of the transmission images by the flat panel detector, is preferably supplied with a speed signal, so that the time delay integration is preferably synchronized with the transport speed of the rod-shaped articles.
Preferably, the transmission images of the respective rod-shaped products are integrated (aufintegrieren) in synchronism with the conveying movement of the rod-shaped products or the transmission images are integrated. This enables very precise transmission images and thus also significantly increases the contrast.
Furthermore, a very precise image with a low amount of jitter can be achieved when the rod-shaped products are each arranged completely during the measurement in the receiving channel of the conveying device. Preferably, the rod-shaped articles are sucked into the receiving grooves during the measurement in order to fix the rod-shaped articles in a stationary manner in the receiving grooves.
Preferably, at least one section of the receiving groove is transparent to X-ray radiation. Within the scope of the present invention, "radiation-transparent" means an absorption of less than 50%, particularly preferably less than 40%, particularly preferably less than 30%, particularly preferably less than 20%, particularly preferably less than 10%. It can also be provided that, for example, if a recess or a slot is provided in the receiving channel, through which the X-ray radiation can pass and more precisely enter directly into the rod-shaped product, at least one section of the receiving channel does not provide for absorption of the X-ray radiation.
Preferably, the conveying device has at least one section which is substantially or completely impermeable to X-rays laterally to the longitudinal axis of the rod-shaped articles or of the receiving container next to the receiving container. In this region, which is substantially or completely opaque to X-rays, adjacent to the receiving channel, preferably a material is used which has a high absorption coefficient for the X-ray radiation used and/or a sufficient material thickness is provided.
According to one embodiment of the method, the transmission image of the rod-shaped product is formed by: when the X-ray radiation penetrating the rod-shaped articles passes over the flat detector, successively different rows or groups of rows of the flat detector are taken into account for the integration of the signals in synchronism with the transport speed of the rod-shaped articles in the transport direction. For the case that the X-ray radiation falling to the side of the receiving slots or the rod-shaped articles does not or only insignificantly contribute to the transmission image, the imaging is very precise during the entire time that the imaging of the rod-shaped articles falls on the flat detector. In the case of interference radiation falling together on the flat detector via the adjacent regions of the receiving channel or the corresponding rod-shaped article, preferably only one region contributes to the integral, which region shows the transmission image of the rod-shaped article at a certain time. The background radiation can be calculated by measuring and subtracting intensities outside the region in which the image of the rod-shaped product falls on the flat detector. This can be achieved with corresponding control and image processing.
Furthermore, as an alternative, the time delay integration can be carried out such that, for example, the identification of the imaged contour determines exactly where the imaging of the rod-shaped product is located on the flat detector at each time. Only pixels within the image can then be considered for integration. The imaging is assigned, so to speak, a pixel matrix, in which the position of the individual pixels relative to the imaging is shifted together with the movement of the imaging.
The rod-shaped product is preferably measured over the entire length of the rod-shaped product. It is particularly preferred to measure the rod-shaped product over the entire diameter of the rod-shaped product.
Furthermore, it can be taken into account by image processing that the edge regions of the receiving groove may contribute somewhat more to the absorption of the X-ray radiation, since there is somewhat more material contributing to the absorption in the direction of the radiation of the X-ray radiation. This can be taken into account in the image processing.
The basic principle of time delay integration is shown in EP 2088763 a 2. As a suitable flat detector, a CCD image sensor of the CCD 5061 type, for example, of the BAE system imaging solution, can be chosen. This relates to a CCD sensor with 6.144 pixels by 128 lines. This can be read out at 80 MHz with line rates up to 12 KHz.
Instead of a CCD as a flat detector, a line CCD or an array of line detectors arranged in an array can also be used.
At a scanning frequency of, for example, 10 KHz, a scanning between 50 μm and 500 μm can be achieved depending on the size of the pixels and the size and conveying speed of the rod-shaped product to be measured.
The object is also achieved by a measuring device of the tobacco processing industry, comprising a conveying device for conveying rod-shaped products of the tobacco processing industry, in particular for heating non-combustible products, wherein the conveying device has a receiving channel for receiving the rod-shaped products, wherein the conveying device is designed for conveying the rod-shaped products in a direction transverse to a longitudinal axis of the receiving channel, wherein an X-ray radiation source is provided and a flat detector is provided, which is arranged in such a way that it detects X-ray radiation penetrating from the receiving channel and the rod-shaped products received in the receiving channel, wherein a control device is provided, which is designed for generating a transmission image of the rod-shaped products while they are being conveyed by means of time delay integration.
Preferably, the flat panel detector has an extent in the conveying direction which is greater than the diameter of the rod-shaped product or greater than the diameter of the receiving groove.
Preferably, the line of the line or plane detector of pixels is perpendicular to the transport direction or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the receiving volume.
Particularly preferably, the extension of the flat panel detector in the transport direction is between two and five times the diameter of the rod-shaped product or of the receiving channel.
If the extent of the plane detector transversely to the transport direction corresponds at least to the length of the rod-shaped product or the length of the receiving channel, it is preferably possible to measure complete rod-shaped products.
Preferably, the receiving groove is at least partially transparent to X-ray radiation in the region provided for receiving the rod-shaped article. Preferably, the entire receiving volume is transparent to X-ray radiation.
Within the scope of the present invention, "transparent to X-ray radiation" means that the thickness of the material and/or the material selection is arranged such that less than 50%, in particular less than 40%, in particular less than 30%, in particular less than 20%, in particular less than 10% of the X-ray radiation is absorbed by the material when penetrating the receiving volume. Preferably, the receiving slot is partially provided with a slit, so that no absorption of X-ray radiation takes place there at all. The receiving groove is therefore free of material in the region of the slot.
Preferably, the material thickness of the receiving groove is at least partially less than or equal to 1 mm. Particularly preferably, the material of the receiving groove is at least partially aluminum or comprises aluminum. In order to achieve a corresponding stabilization of the transport device, an annular frame is preferably provided at the end of the receiving groove, which serves to stabilize the receiving groove.
In order to measure quality parameters of rod-shaped products of the tobacco processing industry, in particular of products which are not burned by heating, it is proposed to use X-rays. Since the products which do not burn when heated are often completely wrapped in aluminum paper, the usual sensor methods cannot be used or are only of limited use. The measured quality parameters include, inter alia, the position of the segments, the length of the segments, the pitch of the segments and the material of the segments.
The products to be examined are guided through X-rays on a transverse axial conveyor, for example a conveyor drum, a star wheel (spine) held on one side, or a conveyor belt. Especially in dynamic processes, line detectors with the so-called time delay integration technique or the time delay integration or the TDI technique of time delay and integration are suitable. The imaging is integrated, in particular analog (analog), in synchronization with a linear object movement along the scanning direction within the TDI sensor or the flat panel detector. A significantly higher image quality is obtained by the resulting longer exposure time. Furthermore, the evaluation by means of digital image processing is simplified and has a higher degree of accuracy. In particular for the measuring method and measuring device, a thin-walled transport mechanism is preferred, which attenuates the X-ray signal only slightly.
With the invention it is also possible to determine precisely for complex products of the tobacco processing industry whether the segments used are in the correct position, whether the correct segments are inserted or even missing segments and whether these have the correct length. Furthermore, conclusions can be drawn about, for example, the correct positioning of the inserted material, such as yarn, casing and strips.
The X-ray radiation is preferably generated with a conventional X-ray tube, wherein the X-ray tube has a suitable focal point. The tube voltage of a commonly used X-ray tube should be between 5 keV and 450 keV. The X-rays are preferably collimated to the region to be examined or correspondingly shielded in order to avoid or reduce the possibly parasitic scattering effects and the resulting artifacts in the imaging.
Depending on the material density, different absorption and scattering effects of the X-ray radiation occur for different materials. The transmitted radiation is output to a receiver. The receiver is preferably a flat detector, which preferably has a scintillation layer and can preferably be a CMOS or CCD. Furthermore, a line detector or a flat detector with TDI technology is preferably used. The imaging is integrated analogously in synchronization with the linear object motion in the scanning direction within the TDI sensor. The resulting longer exposure times enable significantly higher image quality. The resulting high-resolution images can be analyzed well by algorithms of digital image processing.
According to the Lambert-beer law of attenuation
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
(wherein I = intensity, I)0= base intensity, μ = absorption coefficient and d = thickness)
It is significant that no material that is still more strongly absorbing, i.e. a dense material, is additionally provided in the beam path for the material to be measured. For this reason, it is expedient to use a conveyor device which has little material in the region of the rod-shaped products received. For example, thin plate grooves (Blechmulde) or thin receiving grooves are provided, which in the groove region, i.e. in the bearing region of the rod-shaped product, consist exclusively of thin sheet metal with a wall thickness of less than or equal to 1 mm. The material is preferably aluminum, since aluminum is well transparent to X-ray radiation. In this case, the thin wall thickness should preferably be achieved over the entire length of the rod-shaped product.
In order to increase the rigidity of the conveying device, for example of the conveying drum, a solid ring is provided on the end face, into which the wall of the receiving groove is embedded. Furthermore, the control flange should be adjusted such that no material is present in the beam path between the X-ray tube and the flat panel detector. The walls of the receiving groove can also be made of other materials, such as plastic, composite materials or other materials with a low X-ray absorption. Instead of the conveyor rollers, conveyor belts can also be provided, which are conveyed by means of corresponding conveyor belt rollers.
Further features of the invention can be seen from the description of an embodiment according to the invention in conjunction with the claims and the drawings. Embodiments according to the invention can implement individual features or a combination of features.
Drawings
Without limiting the general inventive concept, the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of example, wherein reference is explicitly made to the accompanying drawings with regard to all details according to the invention which are not explained in detail in the description. Shown here are:
figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a part of a measuring device according to the invention in a first embodiment,
figure 2 shows a schematic cross-section of a part of a transport cylinder,
figure 3 shows a schematic view of a measuring device according to the invention in another embodiment,
fig. 4 shows a schematic top view of a cut-out of a transport drum.
Detailed Description
In the figures, identical or similar elements and/or components are provided with the same reference symbols, respectively, so that a repeated description is not provided accordingly.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a part of a measuring device according to the invention. Receiving grooves 15 are introduced on the transport drum 16, in which the rod-shaped products 10 are clamped. The transport cylinder 16 rotates or moves in a transport direction 14.
X-ray radiation 12 is generated by means of an X-ray radiation source 20 and emitted in the direction of a planar detector 13. While the rod-shaped product 10 is being passed through the X-ray radiation 12, which is here embodied in the form of a cone, a transmission image of the rod-shaped product is recorded by means of a flat detector 13. The transmission image is moved during the movement of the rod-shaped products 10 along the conveying direction 14. In fig. 1, the transmission image is shifted from right to left on the flat panel detector 13. The transmission image is integrated accordingly, so that a very high contrast transmission image is produced by means of time delay integration. The regions between the receiving grooves 15 have a comparatively high wall thickness, so that comparatively little X-ray radiation penetrates there. The material can be stainless steel, for example, so that the X-ray radiation is absorbed well. The receiving groove 15 can be made at least partially of aluminum or completely of aluminum and is relatively thin-walled, so that X-rays are better transmitted there, in order to achieve the best possible imaging from the material of the rod-shaped product 10.
Fig. 2 shows a section through a transport cylinder 16 in a further embodiment in a schematic sectional view. The receiving groove 15 has a section made of one material and otherwise has a material-free region 18 or gap 18, so that in this region no X-ray radiation is absorbed at all by other materials which are not part of the rod-shaped product.
Fig. 3 schematically shows another embodiment of a measuring device according to the invention. The conveyor belt 17 is diverted by two rollers 25. The conveyor belt 17 is conveyed in the conveying direction 14. A receiving groove 15 is applied to the conveyor belt 17, into which the rod-shaped products 10 are introduced. For better illustration, the receiving slots 15 and the rod-shaped products 10 are only partially shown. Between the two rollers 25, an X-ray radiation source 20 is arranged, which radiates X-ray radiation 12 in the direction of the flat panel detector 13. Here too, a time delay integration can be used to achieve precise imaging of the respective rod-shaped product 10.
In order to be able to synchronize the time delay integral with the transport speed of the rod-shaped products 10, both in the exemplary embodiment according to fig. 1 and in the exemplary embodiment according to fig. 3, a control device 21 is provided, which controls the recording or reading of the flat detector 13 via a control line 24. The control device 21 receives the speed signal from the machine control and processes this signal in such a way that, depending on the geometry, it converts the speed signal into a signal which represents the imaging speed of the rod-shaped product 10 on the flat panel detector 13, in order to be able to carry out a synchronous integration of the signals.
Fig. 4 shows a cut-out of the transport cylinder 16 in a further embodiment. Three receiving pockets 15 are shown, wherein two receiving pockets are provided with a rod-shaped product 10 and one receiving pocket is left empty in order to show the properties of the receiving pocket 15. The receiving groove 15 is substantially thin-walled and has a gap 18 in the central region, i.e. a region in which no material is arranged. In order to stabilize the receiving channels, in particular in the edge region, a frame 23 is provided, which is also connected to the material arranged between the receiving channels 15 of the transport cylinder 16. The rod-shaped product represents a plurality of segments. Typically, however, an aluminum foil, for example, is wound around these sections, so that the different sections themselves are not visible in top view.
Instead of the beam cone shown in the figures, parallel or substantially parallel X-rays can also be used.
Features identified as "particularly" or "preferred" within the scope of the invention should be taken to mean optional features.
All the mentioned features, including also features which can be seen only from the drawings, and individual features which are disclosed in combination with other features, are considered individually and in combination as features which are essential to the invention. Embodiments according to the present invention can be realized by any combination of individual features or a plurality of features.
List of reference numerals
10 stick-shaped product
11 longitudinal axis
12X-ray radiation
13 plane detector
14 direction of conveyance
15 receiving groove
16 conveying roller
17 conveyer belt
18 gap
20X-ray radiation source
21 control device
22 end side
23 rims
24 electric connection and control circuit
25 rollers.

Claims (16)

1. A method for measuring at least one quality parameter of rod-shaped products (10) of the tobacco processing industry, in particular of the length of one or more segments or the type of at least one segment of a heated non-combustible product, wherein the rod-shaped products (10) are conveyed transversely to the longitudinal axis (11) of the rod-shaped products (10) and X-ray radiation (12) is passed through the rod-shaped products (10) during the conveyance, wherein the transmitted X-ray radiation (12) is recorded by means of a plane detector (13) and a transmission image of the respective rod-shaped products (10) is generated by means of time delay integration.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the time-delay integration is synchronized with the transport speed of the rod-shaped products (10), wherein in particular the transmission images of the respective rod-shaped products (10) are integrated in synchronization with the transport movement of the rod-shaped products (10).
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rod-shaped products (10) are each arranged completely during the measurement in a receiving groove (15) of a conveying device (16, 17).
4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one section of the receiving groove (15) is radiation-transparent for the X-ray radiation (12).
5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the conveying device (16, 17) has at least one section which is substantially or completely impermeable to X-rays next to the receiving slot (15) transversely to the longitudinal axis (11) of the rod-shaped products (10) or of the receiving slot (15).
6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the rod-shaped products (10) are measured over the entire length of the rod-shaped products (10).
7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the rod-shaped products (10) are measured over the entire diameter of the rod-shaped products (10).
8. A measuring device in the tobacco processing industry, comprising a conveying device (16, 17) for conveying rod-shaped products (10) of the tobacco processing industry, in particular for heating non-combustible products, wherein the conveying device (16, 17) has a receiving channel (15) for receiving the rod-shaped products (10), wherein the conveying device (16, 17) is designed for conveying the rod-shaped products (10) in a direction transverse to a longitudinal axis (11) of the receiving channel (15), wherein an X-ray radiation source (20) is provided and a flat detector (13) is provided, which is arranged in such a way that the flat detector (13) detects X-ray radiation (12) passing through the receiving channel (15) and the rod-shaped products (10) received in the receiving channel (15), wherein a control device (21) is provided, which is designed in such a way as to generate the rod-shaped products (10) by means of time delay integration during the conveying of the rod-shaped products (10) Transmission image of a rod-shaped product (10).
9. Measuring device according to claim 8, characterized in that the plane detector (13) has an extension in the conveying direction (14) which is greater than the diameter of the rod-shaped product (10) or greater than the diameter of the receiving groove (15).
10. Measuring device according to claim 9, characterized in that the extension of the plane probe (13) in the conveying direction (14) is between two and five times the diameter of the rod-shaped products (10) or of the receiving pockets (15).
11. A measuring device as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the extent of the plane probe (13) transversely to the conveying direction (14) corresponds at least to the length of the rod-shaped products (10).
12. Measuring device according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the receiving groove (15) is at least partially transparent to X-ray radiation in the region provided for receiving a rod-shaped product (10).
13. Measuring device according to claim 12, characterized in that the receiving groove (15) is at least partially provided with a slit (18).
14. Measuring device according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the material thickness of the receiving groove (15) is at least partially smaller than or equal to 1 mm.
15. Measuring device according to one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the material of the receiving groove (15) is at least partially aluminium.
16. Measuring device according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that an annular frame (23) for stabilizing the receiving groove (15) is provided at the end side (22) of the receiving groove (15).
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