CN113316155B - Coexistence method based on unauthorized spectrum sharing - Google Patents

Coexistence method based on unauthorized spectrum sharing Download PDF

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CN113316155B
CN113316155B CN202110577708.3A CN202110577708A CN113316155B CN 113316155 B CN113316155 B CN 113316155B CN 202110577708 A CN202110577708 A CN 202110577708A CN 113316155 B CN113316155 B CN 113316155B
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裴二荣
宋珈锐
黄一格
陶凯
徐成义
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Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunications
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/06Testing, supervising or monitoring using simulated traffic
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0215Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on user or device properties, e.g. MTC-capable devices
    • H04W28/0221Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on user or device properties, e.g. MTC-capable devices power availability or consumption
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0231Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions
    • H04W28/0236Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions radio quality, e.g. interference, losses or delay

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Abstract

The invention relates to a coexistence method based on unauthorized frequency spectrum sharing, belonging to the field of wireless communication. Based on a single-cell network of a single BS and a single AP, a coexistence scene of a D2D-U user and a WiFi user, the method comprises the following steps: s1: establishing a WiFi system interference weight model; s2: calculating the throughput of the D2D-U user; s3: establishing a system performance evaluation model and constructing an evaluation function Vp,ψ(ii) a S4: two sub-problems of sub-channel selection and power distribution are constructed, and an optimization problem Max (V) is solvedp,ψ). The invention can find a scheme for maximizing a system evaluation function by selecting the D2D user allowed to communicate in the unauthorized frequency band on the premise of ensuring the basic communication of the D2D-U and the WiFi user and combining the sub-channel selection and the power allocation, thereby obtaining the coexistence method based on the unauthorized frequency spectrum sharing.

Description

Coexistence method based on unauthorized spectrum sharing
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and relates to a coexistence method based on unauthorized spectrum sharing.
Background
In order to meet the future demand of data traffic of the fifth generation (5G) wireless network, research on offloading traffic to an unlicensed frequency band is increasing while trying to find a method for improving spectrum efficiency. Due to different transmission mechanisms, when the coexistence problem of LTE and WiFi users on an unlicensed frequency band is considered, two orthogonal Access modes, namely a Duty Cycle Muting (DCM) mode and a Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) mode, are mainly used. And the way of spectrum sharing is often too much to cause interference between LTE and WiFi users. Device-to-device (D2D) communication is a promising technique in 5G systems to improve spectrum utilization by allowing two nearby end users to communicate directly rather than through a Base Station (BS). The flexibility of the position of the D2D short-distance communication user and the energy-saving characteristic thereof perfectly solve the problem of excessive interference. In practical application, the transmission range of D2D communication is short, and the transmission power is low, so that the unlicensed spectrum can be shared with WiFi users in the full time period.
In the case of spectrum sharing, the interference caused by the communication of the D2D-U user to the WiFi user cannot be directly acquired by the BS. Ideally, it is desirable that when the interference on the WiFi communication reaches a threshold, the WiFi system transmits a signal to the BS, and the BS receives the signal to properly control the D2D-U communication. Also in a practical scenario, the throughput for an accurate WiFi system is difficult to achieve. Therefore, the invention designs an interference penalty model, improves the throughput of the system and simultaneously enlarges the capacity of the system by controlling the transmitting power of the D2D-U.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a coexistence method based on unlicensed spectrum sharing, which maximizes system throughput of an unlicensed spectrum sharing network by analyzing problems of D2D user selection and power control of an unlicensed spectrum on the premise of ensuring basic communication conditions of D2D-U and WiFi users, thereby improving spectrum utilization of an unlicensed band.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a coexistence method based on unlicensed spectrum sharing, comprising the steps of:
s1: establishing a WiFi system interference weight model;
s2: calculating the throughput of the D2D-U user;
s3: establishing a system performance evaluation model and constructing an evaluation function Vp,ψ
S4: two sub-problems of sub-channel selection and power distribution are constructed, and an optimization problem Max (V) is solvedp,ψ)。
Further, in step S1, a WiFi system interference weight model is established to quantify the system performance degradation brought by the D2D-U users. When the D2D-U user occupies an unauthorized band, the performance of the WiFi system is severely affected, and WiFi users who are close to the D2D-U user cannot access the occupied band. And constructing a WiFi system interference weight model by researching the change of the interference area caused by increasing the D2D-U users.
Interference radius d using WiFi usersWAnd interference radius D of D2D-U userDTo determine the interference area S (where dW>dD) The interference area is related to the number and location of D2D-U users. With SDIndicates the total interference area, S, with the original D2D communication pair m after increasing the D2D communication pair iDExpressed as:
Figure BDA0003084931860000021
wherein,
Figure BDA0003084931860000022
is the area of the overlapping portion, dm,iIs the distance between the D2D communication pair.
Similarly, the total interference area S formed by the D2D communication pair m and the WiFi user kWExpressed as:
Figure BDA0003084931860000023
wherein,
Figure BDA0003084931860000024
is the area of the overlapping portion, dk,mIs the distance between the D2D communication pair and the WiFi user.
By the area of interference SDAnd SWThe interference weight generated by the added D2D communication pair i to the original D2D communication pair m and the D2D communication pair m to the WiFi user k is respectively constructed into an interference weight function fDAnd fW
Figure BDA0003084931860000025
Figure BDA0003084931860000026
Further, in step 2, the throughput of the D2D-U user is calculated. Dividing an unlicensed frequency band into N bands with bandwidth of BNThe sub-channel, D2D-U user, communicates by occupying a portion of the sub-channel. To describe the assignment of the M-to-D2D communication pairs to the N sub-channels, settings are made
Figure BDA0003084931860000031
And allocating a matrix for the unlicensed frequency band sub-channels.
The receiving end signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio of D2D communication to m on the unlicensed subchannel n is:
Figure BDA0003084931860000032
wherein,
Figure BDA0003084931860000033
the transmission power of the D2D communication pair m on any subchannel.
Figure BDA0003084931860000034
And
Figure BDA0003084931860000035
channel gains, σ, from the transmitting end of D2D communication pairs m and i to the receiving end of D2D communication pair m, respectively2To satisfy the noise variance of the gaussian distribution with a mean of 0,
Figure BDA0003084931860000036
interference to D2D receiver m for the WiFi system.
The throughput of D2D-U user m on unlicensed band subchannel n is thus obtained as:
Rm,n=BNlog2(1+SINRm,n)
further, in step 3, a system performance evaluation model is established. The BS does not contain the interference generated by the D2D-U user to the WiFi systemInformation, and the throughput of the WiFi system is difficult to accurately calculate, so an interference penalty term F is introducedmEvaluation of WiFi System Performance, FmExpressed as:
Figure BDA0003084931860000037
where i ∈ {1, …, M-1, M +1, …, M }, K ∈ {1,2, …, K }, sgn (·) is a sign function.
Constructing an evaluation function V according to throughput of D2D-U users and WiFi network performance interference penalty termsp,ψEvaluation of System Performance, Vp,ψExpressed as:
Figure BDA0003084931860000038
wherein, p is the set of the transmitting power of the transmitting terminal D2D, and mu is the sensitivity factor of the WiFi network, and is more than or equal to 0.
Further, in step 4, the optimization problem Max (V) is solvedp,ψ). Constructing a problem that improves system performance as a solution to a system evaluation function Vp,ψThe maximum value of (2). Will evaluate the function Vp,ψAs an objective function, in combination with the constraint of the basic communication requirement of the system user, the following optimization problem can be obtained:
Max(Vp,ψ)
Figure BDA0003084931860000041
wherein M is a value of M belonging to {1,2, …, M }, and a constraint condition c1Is the data rate requirement for ensuring D2D communication, c2Is a constraint on the power of the power,
Figure BDA0003084931860000042
maximum transmit power of D2D user m, c3Ensuring that one D2D communication pair occupies most CsSub-channels, c4Ensuring that a sub-channel is maximally CdA D2D communication pair occupation.
To reduce the optimization problem Max (V)p,ψ) The computational complexity of (2) is decomposed into two sub-problems: subchannel selection problems and power allocation problems.
The sub-channel selection problem is structured as a many-to-many bilateral matching problem that matches sub-channels to D2D-U users and constrains the number of D2D-U users in the sub-channels that are allowed to communicate. Therefore, the D2D-U user needs to consider not only the status of the sub-channel but also the status of other D2D-U users when selecting the sub-channel.
After the problem of sub-channel selection is solved, power distribution is carried out on different D2D-U user pairs, and finally V is foundp,ψIs measured.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: an interference punishment model is constructed to evaluate the interference of the D2D-U user on the WiFi system, and the problem that the performance of the WiFi system is difficult to evaluate because the accurate WiFi user throughput cannot be obtained is solved. On the basis, a system evaluation function is constructed, the D2D users at proper positions are selected to communicate in an unauthorized frequency band, power distribution is carried out to obtain the optimal solution of the system evaluation function, and finally the system throughput is maximized under the condition that basic communication requirements of WiFi users and D2D users are guaranteed, so that the spectrum utilization rate of the LTE-U heterogeneous system is improved.
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In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention better clear, the invention provides the following drawings for illustration:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram of an LTE-U heterogeneous network model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an interference weight model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a coexistence method based on unauthorized spectrum sharing, aiming at the problem that D2D users transmit in an unauthorized frequency band in an LTE-U network. A WiFi system interference weight model based on an interference area is created, a system interference penalty term is constructed based on the model, and interference brought to an LTE-U network by adding D2D users in an unauthorized frequency band is obtained under the condition that the complex problem of calculating accurate WiFi system throughput is avoided. In order to evaluate the system, a system evaluation function is constructed, and the performance of the system is improved by solving the problems of sub-channel selection and power distribution on the basis of ensuring the basic transmission requirements of all users in the system. A flow chart of a coexistence method based on unlicensed spectrum sharing is shown in fig. 1.
A diagram of a coexistence system based on unlicensed spectrum sharing is shown in fig. 2. In a single-cell network with one BS and one AP, a D2D user at the edge of a cellular network uses an unlicensed frequency band to cause less interference to users in a WiFi system. Wherein the D2D-U user shares the unlicensed spectrum with WiFi users for the full time period since the D2D communication is a short range communication with low transmission power. The specific positions of the BS and the AP in the system model are fixed, the position of the WiFi user is randomly generated within the range of the WiFi network, and similarly, the position of the D2D communication pair is also randomly generated.
As shown in fig. 1, a coexistence method for finding an unlicensed spectrum share in a system in which D2D-U and WiFi networks coexist based on a single-cell network having a single BS and a single AP, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: establishing a WiFi system interference weight model;
s2: calculating the throughput of the D2D-U user;
s3: establishing a system performance evaluation model and constructing an evaluation function Vp,ψ
S4: two sub-problems of sub-channel selection and power distribution are constructed, and an optimization problem Max (V) is solvedp,ψ)。
And establishing a WiFi system interference weight model, and quantifying system performance reduction brought by D2D-U users. And constructing a WiFi system interference weight model by researching the change of the interference area caused by adding D2D-U users. Interference radius d using WiFi usersWAnd interference radius D of D2D-U userDTo determine the interference area S (where dW>dD) The interference area is related to the number and location of D2D-U users. With SDThe total interference area formed by the communication pair m and the original D2D after the communication pair i of the D2D is added is shown; sWRepresenting the total interference area of D2D communication pair m with WiFi user k. SDAnd SWRespectively as follows:
Figure BDA0003084931860000061
Figure BDA0003084931860000062
wherein,
Figure BDA0003084931860000063
and
Figure BDA0003084931860000064
is the area of the overlap.
Further, by SDAnd SWDefining the interference weight function f of increasing D2D communication pair i to the original D2D communication pair m respectivelyDAnd D2D interference weight function f generated by communication pair m to WiFi user kW
Figure BDA0003084931860000065
Figure BDA0003084931860000066
The unauthorized band is divided into B bandwidthNN subchannels from an unlicensed band subchannel allocation matrix
Figure BDA0003084931860000067
Obtaining the receiving end signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio of the D2D communication to m on the unlicensed sub-channel n:
Figure BDA0003084931860000068
this results in a throughput for D2D-U user m on unlicensed band subchannel n:
Rm,n=BNlog2(1+SINRm,n)
wherein,
Figure BDA0003084931860000069
the transmit power for the transmitting end of D2D communication pair m on the subchannel,
Figure BDA00030849318600000610
and
Figure BDA00030849318600000611
channel gains, σ, from the transmitting end of D2D communication pairs m and i to the receiving end of D2D communication pair m, respectively2To satisfy the noise variance of the gaussian distribution with a mean of 0,
Figure BDA00030849318600000612
interference to D2D receiver m for the WiFi system.
Construction of an interference penalty term F from an interference weight functionmComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA00030849318600000613
wherein i ∈ {1, …, M-1, M +1, …, M }, K ∈ {1,2, …, K }, sgn (·) is a sign function.
Then, a system evaluation function V is constructedp,ψ
Figure BDA0003084931860000071
Wherein, p is the set of the transmitting power of the transmitting terminal D2D, and mu is the sensitivity factor of the WiFi network, and is more than or equal to 0.
The objective function to optimize system performance is Max (V)p,ψ) Considering the limiting conditions in the system scenario, the following optimization problem is obtained:
Max(Vp,ψ)
Figure BDA0003084931860000072
wherein M is equal to M e {1,2, …, M },
Figure BDA0003084931860000073
for the maximum transmit power of D2D user m, constraints guarantee data rate requirements and power constraints for D2D communication pairs, constrain the number of subchannels that a D2D communication pair occupies at most, and a subchannel is occupied by several pairs of D2D communication pairs at most. Optimization problem Max (V)p,ψ) The method belongs to NP difficult problem, and is divided into two sub-problems of sub-channel selection and power distribution, wherein the sub-channel selection problem is solved by using a many-to-many bilateral matching problem, after the matching problem is solved, power distribution is carried out on all D2D-U users, and finally V is foundp,ψIs measured.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. A coexistence method based on unlicensed spectrum sharing, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a WiFi system interference weight model: quantifying system performance degradation by D2D-U users, using interference radius D of WiFi usersWAnd interference radius D of D2D-U userDTo determine the interference area S (where dW>dD) The interference area is related to the number and location of D2D-U users, SDIndicating an increase in D2D communication pairsi, communicating with original D2D to form a total interference area for m; sWRepresenting the total interference area, S, formed by the D2D communication pair m and the WiFi user kDAnd SWRespectively as follows:
Figure FDA0003527373990000011
Figure FDA0003527373990000012
wherein,
Figure FDA0003527373990000013
and
Figure FDA0003527373990000014
is the area of the overlapping portion, dm,iDistance between D2D communication pairs, Dk,mFor the distance between the D2D communication pair and the WiFi user, the interference weight function f for increasing the interference of the D2D communication pair i to the original D2D communication pair m is obtainedDAnd D2D interference weight function f generated by communication pair m to WiFi user kW
Figure FDA0003527373990000015
Figure FDA0003527373990000016
S2: calculate the throughput of D2D-U user: dividing an unlicensed frequency band into N bands with bandwidth of BND2D-U users communicate by occupying part of the sub-channels, and for describing the distribution of D2D communication pairs on the sub-channels, settings are made
Figure FDA0003527373990000017
For unlicensed frequency bandsAnd (3) a channel allocation matrix, wherein the receiving end signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio of D2D communication to m on the unlicensed subchannel n is as follows:
Figure FDA0003527373990000018
wherein,
Figure FDA0003527373990000019
the transmit power of the D2D communication pair m's transmitting end on any one subchannel,
Figure FDA00035273739900000110
and
Figure FDA0003527373990000021
channel gains, σ, from the transmitting end of D2D communication pairs m and i to the receiving end of D2D communication pair m, respectively2To satisfy the noise variance of the gaussian distribution with a mean of 0,
Figure FDA0003527373990000022
for the interference of the WiFi system to the D2D receiving end m, the throughput of D2D-U user m on the unlicensed band subchannel n is obtained as follows:
Rm,n=BNlog2(1+SINRm,n)
s3: establishing a system performance evaluation model and constructing an evaluation function Vp,ψ: since the BS does not contain the interference information generated by the D2D-U user to the WiFi system and the throughput of the WiFi system is difficult to be accurately calculated, an interference penalty term F is introducedmEvaluating WiFi system performance:
Figure FDA0003527373990000023
wherein i belongs to {1, …, M-1, M +1, …, M }, K belongs to {1,2, …, K }, sgn (·) is a sign function, p is a set of transmitting power of a transmitting terminal D2D, and μ ≧ 0 is that of the WiFi networkA sensitivity factor, an evaluation function V is constructed according to the throughput of the D2D-U user and the WiFi network performance interference penalty termp,ψEvaluating the system performance:
Figure FDA0003527373990000024
s4: two sub-problems of sub-channel selection and power distribution are constructed, and an optimization problem Max (V) is solvedp,ψ): constructing a problem that improves system performance as a solution to a system evaluation function Vp,ψWill evaluate the function Vp,ψAs an objective function, in combination with the constraint of the basic communication requirement of the system user, the following optimization problem can be obtained:
Max(Vp,ψ)
Figure FDA0003527373990000025
wherein M is a value of M belonging to {1,2, …, M }, and a constraint condition c1Is the data rate requirement for ensuring D2D communication, c2Is a constraint on the power of the power,
Figure FDA0003527373990000026
maximum transmit power of D2D user m, c3Ensuring that one D2D communication pair occupies most CsSub-channels, c4Ensuring that a sub-channel is maximally CdOccupation of D2D communication pair for reducing optimization problem Max (V)p,ψ) The computational complexity of (2) is decomposed into two sub-problems: sub-channel selection problem and power distribution problem, wherein the sub-channel selection problem is constructed into a many-to-many bilateral matching problem, after the sub-channel selection problem is solved, power distribution is carried out on different D2D-U user pairs, and finally V is foundp,ψIs measured.
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