CN113314736B - Control method of fuel cell system integrated with alternating current impedance function - Google Patents
Control method of fuel cell system integrated with alternating current impedance function Download PDFInfo
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- CN113314736B CN113314736B CN202110872372.3A CN202110872372A CN113314736B CN 113314736 B CN113314736 B CN 113314736B CN 202110872372 A CN202110872372 A CN 202110872372A CN 113314736 B CN113314736 B CN 113314736B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04552—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04582—Current of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04634—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
- H01M8/04641—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04634—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
- H01M8/04649—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance of fuel cell stacks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a control method of a fuel cell system integrated with an alternating current impedance function, and relates to the technical field of fuel cells. The control method provided by the invention has the advantages that the disturbance of the fuel cell system is carried out by judging whether the environment is low temperature, the structure integration design realized by the heating of the protection end plate and the measurement of the alternating current impedance is realized, and the control strategy coupling optimization method of the heating of the protection end plate and the measurement of the alternating current impedance effectively solves the problems of low temperature adaptability and integration control of the fuel cell system, reduces the number of parts and components, and is simple and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a control method of a fuel cell system integrated with an alternating current impedance function.
Background
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell has the working principle that hydrogen and oxygen generate electrochemical reaction to generate water and output electric energy at the same time. Because the voltage of the fuel cell is usually less than 1V, in practical application, hundreds of single cells need to be connected in series to form a fuel cell stack and matched with corresponding peripheral accessories to form a fuel cell system.
The alternating current impedance function is a key method for monitoring the internal state of the fuel cell, and the existing scheme usually realizes the function in components such as DC/DC and the like; the end plate effect during cold start of the fuel cell is a key contributing factor and can generally be addressed by adding a heating plate at the end plate. However, the conventional fuel cell system does not sufficiently consider the problem of the end plate effect at low temperature and the function of measuring the ac impedance, and is not favorable for low-temperature adaptability, integrated design and control of the system.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a control method for a fuel cell system with integrated ac impedance function to solve the technical problems of integrated design and control of the ac impedance strategy and low temperature adaptability of the fuel cell system in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a control method of a fuel cell system integrating an alternating-current impedance function, which realizes the structural integration design of end plate heating and alternating-current impedance measurement and realizes the control strategy coupling optimization design of end plate heating and alternating-current impedance measurement.
In order to realize the purpose, the following technical scheme is provided:
the invention provides a control method of a fuel cell system integrated with an alternating current impedance function, which comprises the following steps:
s100: judging whether the fuel cell system is in a low-temperature mode, if so, turning to S200; if not, the step is switched to S600;
s200: closing the relay and keeping for a certain time;
s300: cold starting of the fuel cell system;
s400: performing a perturbation operation of the fuel cell system;
s500: judging whether the cold start of the fuel cell system is finished or not, if not, turning to S300; if yes, the process goes to S700;
s600: the fuel cell system is started normally;
s700: the system runs in a whole vehicle.
Further, S400 specifically includes the following steps:
s401: controlling the high-frequency switching device to disturb according to a preset frequency and continue for a certain time;
s402: acquiring voltage and current of a galvanic pile or a single chip by using an FCU (frequency control unit), and calculating corresponding impedance R under frequency f through FFT (fast Fourier transform);
s403: and adjusting the control strategy according to the impedance result.
Further, the specific method of determining whether the fuel cell system is in the low temperature mode in S100 includes: and judging that the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃ according to the ambient temperature, and determining the mode as the low-temperature mode.
Further, the fuel cell system integrating the alternating current impedance function comprises an electric pile, a power supply, a DC/DC system, a control switch, a main controller and a high-frequency switch device, wherein the electric pile comprises a heating sheet, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the heating sheet are connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the DC/DC system are connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electric pile, the control switch is connected on a loop formed by the battery and the heating sheet, the high-frequency switch device is connected on the loop formed by the DC/DC system and the electric pile, and the main controller is used for controlling the high-frequency switch device.
Further, the fuel cell system integrating the alternating current impedance function further comprises a diode, and the diode is connected to a loop formed by the battery and the heating sheet.
Further, the high frequency switching device is capable of generating high frequency or low frequency disturbances.
Further, the high frequency of the high frequency switch device is 1KHz, and the low frequency is 200 Hz.
Further, the high-frequency switch device is an insulated gate bipolar transistor.
Furthermore, the disturbance current generated by the high-frequency switching device is 5-10A.
Further, the galvanic pile further comprises an end plate, an insulating plate, a current collecting plate and a single sheet, wherein the outermost side of the galvanic pile is the end plate, the inner side of the end plate is the insulating plate, the inner side of the galvanic pile is the heating sheet, the insulating plate is arranged next to the heating sheet, the inner side of the galvanic pile is the current collecting plate, and the innermost side of the galvanic pile is the single sheet.
Compared with the prior art, the control method of the fuel cell system integrating the alternating-current impedance function, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the structural integration design of the heating of the protection end plate and the measurement of the alternating-current impedance is realized, and the control strategy coupling optimization method of the heating of the protection end plate and the measurement of the alternating-current impedance effectively solves the problems of low-temperature adaptability and integration control of the fuel cell system, reduces the number of parts, and is simple and reliable.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the disclosure.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of a fuel cell system integrating an ac impedance function according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural view showing a heater chip of a fuel cell system integrating an ac impedance function according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a flowchart of a control method of a fuel cell system integrating an ac impedance function of an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
10-DC/DC system; 20-a power supply; 30-a control switch;
40-electric pile; 41-heating plate; 42-an insulating plate; 43-a current collector plate; 44-a single sheet; 45-end plate;
50-a diode; 60-high frequency switching devices; 70-main controller.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The term "include" and variations thereof as used herein is meant to be inclusive in an open-ended manner, i.e., "including but not limited to". Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "or" means "and/or". The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment". The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first," "second," and the like may refer to different or the same object. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell system integrated with an ac impedance function, the fuel cell system includes a stack 40, a power supply 20, a DC/DC system 10, a control switch 30, a main controller 70, a diode 50, and a high frequency switching device 60, the stack 40 includes a heating sheet 41, the positive and negative electrodes of the heating sheet 41 are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply 20, the positive and negative electrodes of the DC/DC system 10 are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the stack 40, the control switch 30 and the diode 50 are connected to a circuit formed by the battery and the heating sheet 41, the high frequency switching device 60 is connected to the circuit formed by the DC/DC system 10 and the stack 40, and the main controller 70 is configured to control the high frequency switching device 60.
Wherein the heating plate 41 solves the effect that the temperature of the end plate 45 of the electric pile 40 is lower than the voltage temperature of the single sheet 44 by heating when the electric pile 40 is in cold start. Specifically, the power source 20 may be a 24V battery.
Further, the high frequency switching device 60 is capable of generating high frequency or low frequency disturbances. Specifically, the high-frequency switching device 60 is an insulated gate bipolar transistor, and the high frequency of the high-frequency switching device 60 is 1KHz and the low frequency is 200 Hz. In application, the impedance measurement and calculation of the cell stack 40 can be performed by applying a disturbance to the cell stack 40 of the fuel cell system by switching at a preset frequency of the high frequency switching device 60. More specifically, the high-frequency switching device 60 generates a disturbance current of 5 to 10A.
Further, the stack 40 further includes an end plate 45, an insulating plate 42, a current collecting plate 43 and a single sheet 44, the outermost side of the stack 40 is the end plate 45, the inner side of the end plate 45 is the insulating plate 42, the inner side is the heating sheet 41, the insulating plate 42 is the next, the inner side is the current collecting plate 43, and the innermost side is the single sheet 44, and the two sides of the above structure are symmetrically arranged to form the stack 40 structure.
The present invention also provides a control method of the fuel cell system integrating the ac impedance function, as shown in fig. 3, the control method includes the following steps:
s100: starting;
s200: judging whether the fuel cell system is in a low-temperature mode, specifically, judging according to the ambient temperature, if the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, determining that the fuel cell system is in the low-temperature mode, and if so, turning to S300; if not, the process goes to S700;
s300: closing the relay, and keeping for a certain time, specifically, the keeping time can be judged according to the temperature rise condition of the end plate 45, for example, the time when the temperature of the end plate 45 reaches above 0 ℃, and more specifically, for example, can be 30 s;
s400: cold starting of the fuel cell system;
s501: controlling the high-frequency switching device 60 to perturb according to a preset frequency and continue for a certain time, specifically, the preset frequency may be a high frequency such as 1kHz, or a low frequency such as 200Hz, and the duration may be determined according to the time for actually measuring the impedance, for example, may be 10s, or may be a full time;
s502: acquiring the voltage and current of the galvanic pile 40 or the single sheet 44 by using the FCU, and calculating the corresponding impedance R at the frequency f through FFT transformation, specifically, if the impedance of the whole pile is concerned, the voltage and current of the galvanic pile 40 is acquired here, and if the voltage and current of the single sheet 44 is concerned, the voltage and current of the single sheet 44 is acquired here;
s503: adjusting a control strategy according to the impedance result, specifically, for example, if the high-frequency impedance is high, it indicates that parameters of parts need to be adjusted, such as air pressure can be increased or air flow can be reduced;
s600: judging whether the cold start of the fuel cell system is finished, if so, turning to S800, and if not, turning to S400;
s700: the fuel cell system is started normally;
s800: the system runs in a whole vehicle.
In the embodiment, during the operation of the fuel cell system, the high-frequency or low-frequency disturbance through the first high-frequency switch, for example, the operating frequency may be a high frequency such as 1kHz, or a low frequency such as 200Hz, and a disturbance with a smaller amplitude is generated on the cell stack 40 of the fuel cell system, for example, the disturbance current may be about 5% of the operating current, and accordingly, an appropriate resistance value range of the resistor R1 may also be selected. Specifically, since the stack 40 of the fuel cell system has a capacitance characteristic, although the resistance and the switching device generate a square-wave disturbance signal, the signal will be approximately sinusoidal after passing through the stack 40, so that the requirement of the ac impedance can be satisfied.
The fuel cell system integrating the alternating-current impedance function and the control method thereof of the embodiment have the advantages that the structure integration design realized by the heating of the protection end plate 45 and the alternating-current impedance measurement is realized, the control strategy coupling optimization method of the heating of the protection end plate 45 and the alternating-current impedance measurement effectively solves the problems of low-temperature adaptability and integration control of the fuel cell system, reduces the number of parts, and is simple and reliable.
Having described embodiments of the present disclosure, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (4)
1. A control method of a fuel cell system integrating an AC impedance function, the fuel cell system integrating the alternating current impedance function comprises a galvanic pile (40), a power supply (20), a DC/DC system (10), a control switch (30), a main controller (70) and a high-frequency switching device (60), the electric pile (40) comprises a heating sheet (41), the positive and negative poles of the heating sheet (41) are connected with the positive and negative poles of the power supply (20), the positive and negative poles of the DC/DC system (10) are connected with the positive and negative poles of the electric pile (40), the control switch (30) is connected on a loop formed by the power supply (20) and the heating sheet (41), the high-frequency switching device (60) is connected to the DC/DC system (10) and to the circuit of the galvanic pile (40), the main controller (70) is used for controlling the high-frequency switching device (60);
the galvanic pile (40) further comprises an end plate (45), an insulating plate (42), a current collecting plate (43) and a single sheet (44), wherein the outermost side of the galvanic pile (40) is the end plate (45), the inner side of the end plate (45) is the insulating plate (42), the inner side is the heating sheet (41), the insulating plate (42), the inner side is the current collecting plate (43), and the innermost side is the single sheet (44);
the control method comprises the following steps:
s100: judging whether the fuel cell system is in a low-temperature mode, if so, turning to S200; if not, the step is switched to S600;
s200: closing the relay, and keeping for a certain time, wherein the keeping time is judged according to the temperature rise condition of the end plate (45);
s300: cold starting of the fuel cell system;
s400: performing a perturbation operation of the fuel cell system;
s500: judging whether the cold start of the fuel cell system is finished or not, if not, turning to S300; if yes, the process goes to S700;
s600: the fuel cell system is started normally;
s700: the whole vehicle of the system runs;
wherein, S400 specifically comprises the following steps:
s401: controlling the high-frequency switching device (60) to disturb according to a preset frequency and continue for a certain time;
s402: acquiring voltage and current of a galvanic pile (40) or a single chip (44) by using an FCU (fast Fourier transform), and calculating corresponding impedance R under frequency f through FFT (fast Fourier transform);
s403: adjusting a control strategy according to the impedance result;
the high-frequency switching device (60) can generate high-frequency or low-frequency disturbance, the high frequency of the high-frequency switching device (60) is 1KHz, and the low frequency is 200 Hz;
and the disturbance current generated by the high-frequency switching device (60) is 5-10A.
2. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of determining whether the fuel cell system is in the low temperature mode in S100 includes: and judging that the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃ according to the ambient temperature, and determining the mode as the low-temperature mode.
3. The control method according to claim 1, further comprising a diode (50), wherein the diode (50) is connected to a circuit formed by the battery and the heating sheet (41).
4. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the high frequency switching device (60) is an insulated gate bipolar transistor.
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| US8088523B2 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2012-01-03 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Startup reliability using HFR measurement |
| WO2017001909A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-05 | Daimler Ag | Freeze start-up method for fuel cell system |
| KR20180051746A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-17 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Controlling method for cold start of fuel cell |
| CN108172863A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2018-06-15 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Fuel cell system and its quick start method |
| CN109346745B (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-08-28 | 北京机械设备研究所 | Method and system for judging internal water state of fuel cell based on impedance |
| CN111162298A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-15 | 清华大学 | Power supply system and impedance measurement and cold start method thereof |
| CN111180758B (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2021-08-24 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Low-temperature starting device and method for fuel cell system |
| CN111916787B (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-08-09 | 浙江高成绿能科技有限公司 | Miniature fuel cell and low-temperature starting operation method thereof |
| CN112670541A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-16 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Method and system for judging membrane electrode icing in low-temperature starting process of fuel cell and storage medium |
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