CN113314240A - Space stack thermal management system and working method - Google Patents
Space stack thermal management system and working method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113314240A CN113314240A CN202110554977.8A CN202110554977A CN113314240A CN 113314240 A CN113314240 A CN 113314240A CN 202110554977 A CN202110554977 A CN 202110554977A CN 113314240 A CN113314240 A CN 113314240A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/257—Promoting flow of the coolant using heat-pipes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/243—Promoting flow of the coolant for liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a space reactor thermal management system and a working method thereof, wherein the system comprises a reactor system and a folding heat pipe radiator system, wherein the reactor system comprises a space reactor core, a reactor core heat exporting system, an energy conversion system, a waste heat exporting system, a waste heat exchanger, a reactor core shield and the like, and the functions of generating, transmitting, converting, radiating and shielding the space reactor energy are realized; the folding heat pipe radiator system comprises an angle regulator, heat pipes, radiating fins and the like, and achieves dissipation of space stack waste heat. A waste heat exchange system in the reactor system is connected with a positioning frame in the folding heat pipe radiator system; the invention utilizes the passive characteristic of the heat pipe to omit pipeline equipment such as a circulating pump and the like, and meanwhile, the folding design greatly saves the occupied space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear reactor design, in particular to a space reactor thermal management system and a working method.
Background
The space heap provides a brand new means for exploring deep space mysteries, exploring deep sea resources and maintaining homeland security, and the key problem of developing the space heap technology is how to perform efficient and reliable thermal management. The heat pipe is a passive heat transfer device, which transfers heat by utilizing the phase change (evaporation and condensation) of a working medium and maintains the circulation of the working medium through the capillary force of a liquid absorption core and other actions. Compared with the traditional heat transfer equipment, the heat pipe has the characteristics of simple structure, high heat transfer efficiency, good isothermal property, passive property and the like. Especially, the heat pipe does not need the participation of a circulating pump and utilizes latent heat of vaporization to transfer heat, and compared with the traditional equipment, the heat transfer efficiency of the heat pipe is simplified in structure, improved in heat transfer efficiency and prevented from single-point failure. Meanwhile, different working media can be selected for the heat pipe to adapt to different temperature ranges, so that the heat dissipation equipment adopting the heat pipe for heat transfer has a simplified structure and improved safety. However, conventional heatpipe heatsinks are generally fixed and there is room for optimization of the structure. The design aims at a space reactor system, provides a space reactor thermal management system, and designs aiming at a reactor system and a heat dissipation system respectively to provide reference for thermal management of a space reactor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to meet the heat dissipation requirement in a limited space, the invention designs the space reactor heat management system and the working method thereof, the space reactor heat management system has a simplified structure, pipeline equipment such as a circulating pump and the like are omitted by utilizing the passive characteristic of a heat pipe, and meanwhile, the folding design greatly saves the occupied space, and the space reactor heat management system can be applied to the heat dissipation of equipment such as automobiles, spacecrafts and the like.
The invention adopts the following design scheme:
a space stack thermal management system, comprising: the reactor comprises a space reactor core 11, a reactor core heat exporting system 12 and an energy conversion system formed by sequentially connecting the energy conversion system 13, a waste heat exporting system 14 and a reactor waste heat discharging system formed by sequentially connecting the waste heat exchanger 15, wherein the waste heat exporting system 14 comprises a cooling water pipe, a circulating water pump and a cooling water tank, heat is conducted to the waste heat exchanger 15 from the energy conversion system 13 through the waste heat exporting system 14, reactor core shields 16 distributed at the axial and radial positions of the space reactor core 11, a reactor system 1 formed by the energy conversion system, the reactor waste heat exporting system and the reactor core shields 16, heat pipes 23 and heat radiating units formed by nesting radiating fins 24, heat pipe jackets 223 are fixed on angle scales 221, the two angle scales 221 are connected through a transmission shaft 222 and a connecting rod to realize meshing, and the two heat pipe clamp ends are connected through a heat transfer hose 224, the other end is provided with a heat pipe, an angle regulator 22 consisting of an angle scale 221, a transmission shaft 222, a connecting rod, a heat pipe jacket 223 and a heat transfer hose 224, and two ends of a plurality of radiating units are fixed by a positioning frame 21 to form a radiator fan; the folding heat pipe radiator system 2 formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of radiating fan blades through an angle adjuster 22 is arranged at two sides of the reactor system 1, and the waste heat exchanger 15 is connected with the positioning frame 21 to realize the connection of the reactor system 1 and the folding heat pipe radiator system 2; the energy generation and conversion system and the reactor waste heat discharge system are connected through the energy conversion system 13, so that the functions of generating, converting and discharging waste heat of the reactor are realized; the core heat export system 12 passes through the core shield 16 to realize the export and radiation shielding of the energy generated by the space reactor core 11.
The reactor core 11 of the space reactor adopts a fast neutron reactor, an ultra-thermal neutron reactor or a thermal neutron reactor, the reactor core adopts a moderating rod or a control rod, a burnable poison and a control drum to control the power of the reactor core of the space reactor, the material of the moderating rod or the control rod is silver-indium-chromium, stainless steel, oxido or boron carbide, the material of the burnable poison is gadolinium oxide or boron carbide, and the material of the control drum is the combination of boron carbide and beryllium.
The reactor core heat exporting system 12 adopts a loop type cooling scheme, and adopts water, sodium, lead bismuth, helium or xenon as a coolant; when the loop cooling scheme is adopted, the reactor core heat exporting system 12 is composed of a hot end, a cold end, a driving pump, a cooling water tank and connecting pipelines therebetween, the hot leg section is inserted into the reactor core, the working medium in the pipe absorbs the heat of the reactor core, the heat flows to the cold leg section connected with the energy conversion system 13 through the pipelines, and the heat is transmitted to the energy conversion system 13 through heat conduction and radiation and then returns to the cooling water tank under the action of the driving pump.
The reactor core heat exporting system 12 adopts a heat pipe cooling scheme, and the working medium of the heat pipe adopts propanol, ethanol, naphthalene, water, mercury, rubidium, cesium, potassium, sodium, lithium or silver as a working medium to realize the coverage from low temperature to high temperature; when the heat pipe cooling scheme is adopted, the reactor core heat exporting system 12 is composed of a plurality of heat pipes, the evaporation sections of the heat pipes are inserted into the reactor core to absorb energy released by the fission of the reactor core, and the condensation sections are connected with the energy conversion system 13 to conduct heat transfer by means of heat conduction.
The energy conversion system 13 is selected from a bismuth antimonide thermoelectric generator or a Stirling engine and a thermionic generator.
The reactor core shield 16 adopts a scheme that graphite, water, lead, lithium hydride, boron carbide material and tungsten layers are staggered layer by layer, and a water layer can not only moderate high-energy neutrons, but also cool the neutrons; the boron carbide layer is used to absorb neutrons and the tungsten layer is used to shield photons.
The heat dissipation fins 24 are made of metal with good heat conduction and good ductility, and the surface of the heat dissipation fins is etched to enhance the heat dissipation capacity; the heat pipe 23 and the radiating fins 24 constitute a basic radiating unit; the heat pipe 23 and the radiating fins 24 are integrally manufactured, so that the reliability is enhanced; or the heat pipe 23 and the radiating fins 24 are combined by adopting mechanical fixing modes such as welding, sleeving and the like.
The metal with good heat conduction and better ductility is copper or aluminum.
The angle regulator 22 is used as a heat transfer component, and heat is transferred through the heat pipe 23, the heat pipe jacket 223, the heat transfer hose 224, the heat pipe jacket 223 and the heat pipe 23; the heat pipe jacket 223 is made of a metal material with strong thermal conductivity to reduce heat transfer resistance; the heat pipe jacket 223 and the heat pipe 23 are lubricated and heat-transferred by adopting a material with good heat conduction and good lubricity; heat conducting media are filled in the heat transfer hose 224 for heat transfer, and the heat conducting media are selected from propanol, ethanol, naphthalene, heat conducting oil, water, mercury, rubidium, cesium, potassium, sodium or lithium according to the working temperature; the angle regulator 22 is used as a mechanical part, the transmission shaft 222 rotates to drive the angle discs 221 and the heat pipe jacket 223 to move, and the opening and closing angle between adjacent radiator fan blades is regulated by regulating the meshing angle of the two angle discs 221, so that the functions of changing and folding the radiating area of the heat pipe radiation radiator are realized; the heat exchanger can be completely extended to achieve the best heat exchange, or folded to reduce the occupied area, and the controllable heat dissipation is realized.
According to the working method of the space reactor thermal management system, energy released by nuclear fission in a reactor core 11 of the space reactor is led out to an energy conversion system 13 through a reactor core heat leading-out system 12, the heat in the energy conversion system 13 is converted into electric energy, and energy which can be directly utilized by mechanical energy is supplied to the space reactor for use, residual heat in the energy conversion system 13 is led into a residual heat exchanger 15 through a residual heat leading-out system 14, and the residual heat exchanger 15 transfers the heat to a folding heat pipe radiator system 2; in the folding heat pipe heat dissipation system 2, heat is transferred from the waste heat exchanger 15 to the angle regulator 22, the angle regulator 22 absorbs the heat and increases the temperature, then the heat is transferred to the heat pipe 23, and the heat pipe 23 and the heat dissipation fins 24 are combined to form a heat dissipation unit; because the heat pipe has high heat transfer efficiency and good isothermal property, heat is efficiently transferred to the radiating fins 24 through the heat pipe 23, and is transferred to the environment through radiation and convection on the radiating fins 24 to realize heat dissipation; when the heat dissipation power is small, the folding heat pipe radiator system 2 is folded through the angle adjuster 22, and the required space is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the reactor system has a simple structure, adopts a two-loop design, can select the combination of multiple energy transmission and conversion modes for one loop, is convenient for modular design, can realize the expansion and folding of the heat dissipation area for the two loops by adopting a folding heat pipe radiator, realizes the dynamic adjustment of the heat dissipation capacity, does not need an additional circulating pump due to the characteristics of passive, efficient heat transfer, good isothermal property and the like of the heat pipe, simplifies the structure, saves the space and is beneficial to realizing safe and efficient heat dissipation.
The invention provides a space reactor thermal management system which is compact in structure and light in weight, and can greatly improve the thermal management performance of a space reactor by adopting a passive design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a space stack thermal management system.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heat pipe cooled reactor system.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a loop cooled reactor system.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an angle adjuster.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a folded heatpipe heatsink fin.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a heat pipe and fin assembly.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples, and the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the spatial reactor thermal management system of the present invention comprises an energy generation and conversion system formed by sequentially connecting a spatial reactor core 11, a core heat export system 12, and an energy conversion system 13, a reactor residual heat removal system formed by sequentially connecting an energy conversion system 13, a residual heat export system 14, and a residual heat exchanger 15, wherein the residual heat export system 14 comprises a cooling water pipe, a circulating water pump, and a cooling water tank, heat is conducted from the energy conversion system 13 to the residual heat exchanger 15 through the residual heat export system 14, a reactor core shield 16 distributed at axial and radial positions of the spatial reactor core 11, a reactor system 1 formed by the energy generation and conversion system, the reactor residual heat removal system, and the reactor core shield 16, a heat dissipation unit formed by nesting heat pipes 23 and heat dissipation fins 24, a heat pipe jacket 223 is fixed on an angle scale 221, and the two angle scales 221 are connected through a transmission shaft 222 and a connecting rod to realize meshing, the two heat pipe clamping sleeve ends are connected through a heat transfer hose 224, the other end is provided with a heat pipe, an angle regulator 22 consisting of an angle scale 221, a transmission shaft 222, a connecting rod, a heat pipe clamping sleeve 223 and the heat transfer hose 224, and two ends of a plurality of radiating units are fixed through a positioning frame 21 to form a radiator fan sheet; a folding heat pipe radiator system 2 formed by connecting a plurality of radiating fan blades in sequence through an angle regulator 22; the energy generation and conversion system and the reactor waste heat discharge system are connected through the energy conversion system 13, so that the functions of generating, converting and discharging waste heat of the reactor are realized; the reactor core heat exporting system 12 penetrates through a reactor core shield 16 to realize the export and radiation shielding of energy generated by the reactor core 11 of the space reactor; the reactor system 1 consists of the energy generation conversion system, the reactor waste heat discharge system and the reactor core shield 16; the waste heat exchanger 15 is connected with the positioning frame 21, so that the reactor system 1 and the folding heat pipe radiator system 2 are connected.
As shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic diagram of a heat pipe cooled reactor system, energy released by nuclear fission in a spatial reactor core 11 is led out to an energy conversion system 13 through a heat pipe and a core heat lead-out system 12, heat in the energy conversion system 13 is converted into energy which can be directly utilized, such as electric energy and mechanical energy, for use by the spatial reactor, residual heat in the energy conversion system 13 is led into a residual heat exchanger 15 through a residual heat lead-out system 14, and the residual heat exchanger 15 transfers the heat to a folding heat pipe radiator system 2.
As shown in fig. 3, which is a schematic diagram of a loop-cooled reactor system, energy released by nuclear fission in a spatial reactor core 11 is led out to an energy conversion system 13 through a loop-type core heat export system 12, heat in the energy conversion system 13 is converted into energy which can be directly utilized, such as electric energy, mechanical energy, and the like, for use by the spatial reactor, residual heat in the energy conversion system 13 is led into a residual heat exchanger 15 through a residual heat export system 14, and the residual heat exchanger 15 transfers the heat to the folding heat pipe radiator system 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the angle adjuster, and the transmission shaft 222 transmits a rotation torque from the control mechanism to drive the angle scale 221 to rotate, and the rotation of the angle scale 221 moves the heat pipe jacket 223 fixed with the heat pipe 23, resulting in a change of an included angle between the two heat pipes 23. The heat transfer direction is heat pipe 23-heat pipe jacket 223-heat transfer hose 224-heat pipe jacket 223-heat pipe 23.
As shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic diagram of a folding heat pipe radiator fan, heat is transferred from the waste heat exchanger 15 to the positioning frame 21, the heat is sequentially transferred among the radiator fan according to the sequence of the collecting pipe 21, the angle adjuster 22, the heat pipe 23 and the fins 24, and the heat is finally transferred to the environment through radiation and convection on the heat radiating fins 24, so as to achieve heat radiation.
As shown in fig. 6, which is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the heat pipe and the fins, the heat pipe 23 and the heat dissipation fins 24 constitute a basic heat dissipation unit; the heat pipe 23 and the heat dissipating fins 24 are connected by a sleeve, and in order to improve heat transfer, high-heat-conductive material powder such as graphite can be selected as a gap between the heat pipe 23 and the heat dissipating fins 24.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spatial reactor core 11 may adopt a fast neutron reactor, an epithermal neutron reactor, or a thermal neutron reactor, the core adopts schemes such as a moderating rod or a control rod, a burnable poison, a control drum, etc. to perform power control on the spatial reactor core, the moderating rod or the control rod is made of materials such as silver-indium-chromium, stainless steel, oxido or boron carbide, the burnable poison is made of materials such as gadolinium oxide or boron carbide, and the control drum is made of materials such as boron carbide and beryllium.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the core heat removal system 12 may employ a loop cooling scheme using water, sodium, lead bismuth, helium, xenon, or the like as a coolant. .
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the core heat exporting system 12 may adopt a heat pipe cooling scheme, and the heat pipe working medium may be propanol, ethanol, naphthalene, water, mercury, rubidium, cesium, potassium, sodium, lithium, or silver, and the like, and may be used as a working medium to cover a region from a low temperature to a high temperature.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the energy conversion system 13 may be a bismuth antimonide thermoelectric generator, a stirling engine, or a thermionic generator.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the core shield 16 is formed by alternately arranging graphite, water, lead, lithium hydride, and boron carbide materials layer by layer.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat pipe 23 can adopt materials such as propanol, ethanol, naphthalene, water, mercury, rubidium, cesium, potassium, sodium, lithium or silver as working media according to the heat dissipation requirement and the working temperature of the heat pipe radiation heat sink, so as to realize the coverage from low temperature to high temperature; the heat dissipation fins 24 can be made of copper, aluminum and other metals with good heat conduction and good ductility, and the surface of the heat dissipation fins is etched to enhance the heat dissipation capacity; the heat pipe 23 and the radiating fins 24 constitute a basic radiating unit; the heat pipe 23 and the radiating fins 24 can be manufactured integrally, so that the reliability is enhanced; or the heat pipe 23 and the heat dissipation fins 24 may be combined by mechanical fixing methods such as welding, sleeving and the like.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the angle adjuster 22 comprises an angle scale 221, a transmission shaft 222, a connecting rod, a heat pipe jacket 223, and a heat transfer hose 224, wherein the two angle scales 221 are engaged by the connection of the transmission shaft 222 and the connecting rod, the heat pipe jackets 223 are respectively fixed on the angle scales 221, one ends of the two heat pipe jackets 224 are connected by the heat transfer hose 224, and the other ends are respectively inserted into the heat pipe 23; the plurality of radiating units are combined through a positioning frame 21 to form a radiator fan blade; the radiator fins are connected with each other by an angle adjuster 22; the angle regulator (22) is used as a heat transfer component, and heat is transferred through the heat pipe 23, the heat pipe jacket 223, the heat transfer hose 224, the heat pipe jacket 223 and the heat pipe 23; the heat pipe jacket 223 can be made of metal materials with strong thermal conductivity such as copper and aluminum to reduce heat transfer resistance; materials with good heat conduction and good lubricity, such as graphite, can be adopted between the heat pipe jacket 223 and the heat pipe 23 for lubrication and heat transfer; heat conducting media are filled in the heat transfer hose 224 for heat transfer, and the heat conducting media can be propanol, ethanol, naphthalene, heat conducting oil, water, mercury, rubidium, cesium, potassium, sodium or lithium according to the working temperature; the angle regulator 22 is used as a mechanical part, the transmission shaft 222 rotates to drive the angle discs 221 and the heat pipe jacket 223 to move, and the opening and closing angle between adjacent radiator fan blades is regulated by regulating the meshing angle of the two angle discs 221, so that the functions of changing and folding the radiating area of the heat pipe radiation radiator are realized; can be completely extended to achieve the best heat exchange, can also be folded to reduce the occupied area and realize controllable heat dissipation.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the energy released by nuclear fission in the reactor core 11 of the space reactor is led out to the energy conversion system 13 through the reactor core heat leading-out system 12, the heat in the energy conversion system 13 is converted into energy which can be directly utilized, such as electric energy, mechanical energy and the like, for the space reactor to use, the residual heat in the energy conversion system 13 is led into the residual heat exchanger 15 through the residual heat leading-out system 14, and the residual heat exchanger 15 transfers the heat to the folding heat pipe radiator system 2. In the folding heat pipe heat dissipation system 2, heat is transferred from the waste heat exchanger 15 to the angle adjuster 22, the angle adjuster 22 absorbs the heat and increases the temperature, and then transfers the heat to the heat pipe 23, and the heat pipe 23 and the heat dissipation fin 24 are combined to form a heat dissipation unit. Because the heat pipe has high heat transfer efficiency and good isothermal property, heat can be efficiently transferred to the radiating fins 24 through the heat pipe 23, and the heat is transferred to the environment through the radiation, convection and other actions on the radiating fins 24 to realize heat dissipation. Since the radiator fins 2 are flat and connected to each other by the angle adjuster 22, a plurality of folded heat pipe radiator systems 2 can be provided to obtain a large heat transfer area. When the heat dissipation power is small, the folding heat pipe radiator system 2 can be folded through the angle adjuster 22, and the required space is reduced. Through the design, the heat pipe radiation radiator can obtain large-scale heat dissipation power, meanwhile, the occupied space required by the storage of the heat pipe radiation radiator is also greatly reduced, a circulating pump and a pipeline are omitted, and the performance of the heat pipe radiation radiator is improved.
Claims (10)
1. A space stack thermal management system, comprising: comprises a space reactor core (11), a reactor core heat exporting system (12) and an energy generation and conversion system formed by sequentially connecting the energy conversion system (13), a residual heat exporting system (14) and a reactor residual heat discharging system formed by sequentially connecting a residual heat exchanger (15), wherein the residual heat exporting system (14) comprises a cooling water pipe, a circulating water pump and a cooling water tank, heat is conducted to the residual heat exchanger (15) from the energy conversion system (13) through the residual heat exporting system (14), reactor core shields (16) distributed at the axial and radial positions of the space reactor core (11), the energy generation and conversion system, the reactor residual heat discharging system and the reactor core shield (1) formed by the reactor core shields (16), heat pipes (23) and heat dissipation units formed by nesting heat dissipation fins (24), and a heat pipe jacket (223) is fixed on an angle disc (221), the two angle scales (221) are connected through a transmission shaft (222) and a connecting rod to realize meshing, the two heat pipe clamping sleeve ends are connected through a heat transfer hose (224), the other end of the two heat pipe clamping sleeve ends is provided with a heat pipe, an angle regulator (22) consisting of the angle scales (221), the transmission shaft (222), the connecting rod, a heat pipe clamping sleeve (223) and the heat transfer hose (224) is arranged, and two ends of a plurality of radiating units are fixed to form a radiator fan blade through a positioning frame (21); the folding heat pipe radiator system (2) formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of radiating fan blades through angle adjusters (22) is arranged at two sides of the reactor system (1), and the waste heat exchanger (15) is connected with the positioning frame (21) to realize the connection of the reactor system (1) and the folding heat pipe radiator system (2); the energy generation and conversion system and the reactor waste heat discharge system are connected through an energy conversion system (13), so that the functions of generating, converting and discharging the heat of the reactor are realized; the core heat exporting system (12) penetrates through a core shield (16) to realize the export and radiation shielding of energy generated by the space reactor core (11).
2. The space stack thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the reactor core (11) of the space reactor adopts a fast neutron reactor, an ultra-thermal neutron reactor or a thermal neutron reactor, the reactor core adopts a moderating rod or a control rod, a burnable poison and a control drum to carry out power control on the reactor core of the space reactor, the material of the moderating rod or the control rod is silver-indium-chromium, stainless steel, oxido or boron carbide, the material of the burnable poison is gadolinium oxide or boron carbide, and the material of the control drum is the combination of boron carbide and beryllium.
3. The space stack thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the reactor core heat exporting system (12) adopts a loop type cooling scheme, and adopts water, sodium, lead bismuth, helium or xenon as a coolant; when a loop type cooling scheme is adopted, the reactor core heat exporting system (12) is composed of a hot end, a cold end, a driving pump, a cooling water tank and connecting pipelines among the hot end, the cold end, the driving pump and the cooling water tank, the hot leg section is inserted into the reactor core, the working medium in the pipe absorbs the heat of the reactor core, the heat flows to the cold leg section connected with the energy conversion system (13) through the pipeline, and the heat is transferred to the energy conversion system (13) through heat conduction and radiation and then returns to the cooling water tank under the action of the driving pump.
4. The space stack thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the reactor core heat exporting system (12) adopts a heat pipe cooling scheme, and a heat pipe working medium selects propanol, ethanol, naphthalene, water, mercury, rubidium, cesium, potassium, sodium, lithium or silver materials as a working medium to realize coverage from a low temperature to a high temperature; when the heat pipe cooling scheme is adopted, the reactor core heat exporting system (12) is composed of a plurality of heat pipes, the evaporation section of each heat pipe is inserted into the reactor core to absorb the energy released by the fission of the reactor core, and the condensation section is connected with the energy conversion system (13) and conducts heat transfer by means of heat conduction.
5. The space stack thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the energy conversion system (13) is selected from a bismuth antimonide thermoelectric generator or a Stirling engine and a thermionic generator.
6. The space stack thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the reactor core shield (16) adopts a scheme that graphite, water, lead, lithium hydride, boron carbide materials and tungsten layers are staggered layer by layer, and a water layer can not only moderate high-energy neutrons, but also cool the neutrons; the boron carbide layer is used to absorb neutrons and the tungsten layer is used to shield photons.
7. The space stack thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the radiating fins (24) are made of metal with good heat conduction and good ductility, and the surface of the radiating fins is etched to enhance the radiating capacity; the heat pipe (23) and the radiating fin (24) form a basic radiating unit; the heat pipe (23) and the radiating fins (24) are integrally manufactured, so that the reliability is enhanced; or the heat pipe (23) and the radiating fins (24) are combined by adopting mechanical fixing modes such as welding, sleeve and the like.
8. The space stack thermal management system of claim 7, wherein: the metal with good heat conduction and better ductility is copper or aluminum.
9. The space stack thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the angle regulator (22) is used as a heat transfer component, and heat is transferred through the heat pipe (23), the heat pipe jacket (223), the heat transfer hose (224), the heat pipe jacket (223) and the heat pipe (23); the heat pipe jacket (223) is made of a metal material with strong heat conductivity so as to reduce heat transfer resistance; a material with good heat conduction and good lubricity is adopted between the heat pipe jacket (223) and the heat pipe (23) for lubrication and heat transfer; heat-conducting media are filled in the heat-conducting hose (224) for heat transfer, and the heat-conducting media are propanol, ethanol, naphthalene, heat-conducting oil, water, mercury, rubidium, cesium, potassium, sodium or lithium according to the working temperature; the angle regulator (22) is used as a mechanical part, the transmission shaft (222) rotates to drive the angle discs (221) and the heat pipe jacket (223) to move, and the opening and closing angle between adjacent radiator fins is regulated by regulating the meshing angle of the two angle discs (221), so that the functions of changing and folding the radiating area of the heat pipe radiation radiator are realized; the heat exchanger can be completely extended to achieve the best heat exchange, or folded to reduce the occupied area, and the controllable heat dissipation is realized.
10. A method of operating a space stack thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: energy released by nuclear fission in a reactor core (11) of the space reactor is led out to an energy conversion system (13) through a reactor core heat leading-out system (12), heat in the energy conversion system (13) is converted into electric energy, and energy which can be directly utilized by mechanical energy is used by the space reactor, residual heat in the energy conversion system (13) is led into a residual heat exchanger (15) through a residual heat leading-out system (14), and the residual heat exchanger (15) transfers the heat to a folding heat pipe radiator system (2); in the folding heat pipe heat dissipation system (2), heat is transferred to an angle regulator (22) through a waste heat exchanger (15), the angle regulator (22) absorbs the heat, the temperature of the heat rises, then the heat is transferred to a heat pipe (23), and the heat pipe (23) and a heat dissipation fin (24) are combined to form a heat dissipation unit; because the heat pipe has high heat transfer efficiency and good isothermal property, heat is efficiently transferred to the radiating fins (24) through the heat pipe (23), and is transferred to the environment through radiation and convection on the radiating fins (24) to realize heat dissipation; when the heat dissipation power is small, the folding heat pipe radiator system (2) is folded through the angle regulator (22), and the required space is reduced.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114060167A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-18 | 西安交通大学 | Dual-mode nuclear power propulsion device and working method |
| CN114121315A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-01 | 西安交通大学 | Heat management system for cooling reactor by pulsating heat pipe |
| CN115206569A (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2022-10-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Nuclear reactor dual-mode energy conversion system for underwater unmanned vehicle |
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| CN115206569A (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2022-10-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Nuclear reactor dual-mode energy conversion system for underwater unmanned vehicle |
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