CN113312805B - Method for evaluating melting point quality of high-power fiber laser - Google Patents

Method for evaluating melting point quality of high-power fiber laser Download PDF

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CN113312805B
CN113312805B CN202110866327.7A CN202110866327A CN113312805B CN 113312805 B CN113312805 B CN 113312805B CN 202110866327 A CN202110866327 A CN 202110866327A CN 113312805 B CN113312805 B CN 113312805B
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melting point
power
optical fiber
fiber
signal light
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CN113312805A (en
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韩凯
娄兆凯
崔文达
许晓军
马鹏飞
奚小明
史尘
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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Abstract

The application relates to a method for evaluating the melting point quality of a high-power optical fiber laser. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of establishing a melting point temperature rise model of an optical fiber according to parameters of a high-power optical fiber laser model, setting different pumping powers in a pre-established fiber core temperature measurement platform to obtain multiple groups of corresponding measured values of melting point temperature and signal light power, solving the melting point temperature rise model to obtain multiple groups of calculation data about the melting point temperature and the melting point signal light power, and obtaining a heating factor through data fitting according to the multiple groups of calculation data and the measured values of the melting point temperature and the signal light power for evaluating the melting point quality of the optical fiber. The invention describes the melting point temperature characteristic through the pyrogenicity factor and reflects the melting point fusion quality, realizes the quantitative evaluation of the melting point fusion quality, and provides theoretical and experimental means for the melting point temperature analysis and the reliability study and judgment when the power of the high-power optical fiber laser is further improved.

Description

Method for evaluating melting point quality of high-power fiber laser
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fiber lasers, in particular to a method for evaluating the melting point quality of a high-power fiber laser.
Background
The welding quality of the melting point has great influence on the overall performance of the high-power laser, and is a weak link for the stable operation of the laser. The melting point loss with good welding quality is small, and the temperature rise is small in the high-power operation process of the laser, so that the laser is not easy to damage, the melting point with poor welding quality is easy to generate higher temperature rise, and the laser is easy to fuse when in high-power operation. There have been some studies on melting point quality, but these studies have focused mainly on the effect of splice offset on the higher-order modes and beam quality, and a few have focused on the splice loss of the fiber core. This type of core fusion loss measurement is mainly concerned with the loss of signal light, which is mostly entered into the cladding, leaked from the pump dump after being transmitted through the cladding, and not completely converted into a heat source at the melting point, so that the damage to the laser is small. At the melting point, a small part of laser energy is converted into heat load, so that the temperature at the melting point is too high, and the safe operation of the laser is damaged. Therefore, the ratio of converting laser energy into heat load by a melting point is more important from the perspective of safe operation of the laser, however, in practical application, a heat source at the melting point is difficult to accurately measure, which hinders establishment of a melting point temperature model and evaluation of melting point welding quality, and at present, there is no reliable method for quantitatively evaluating the welding quality of the melting point, which results in that the maximum power which can be borne by the melting point of the fiber laser cannot be evaluated, and the laser is easily damaged in a high-power operation process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a method, an apparatus, a computer device and a storage medium for evaluating the melting point quality of a high power fiber laser, which can calculate the melting point and convert laser energy into heat load rate.
A method of evaluating melting point quality of a high power fiber laser, the method comprising:
obtaining model parameters of a high-power optical fiber laser;
establishing a melting point temperature rise model of the optical fiber according to the model parameters; the melting point temperature rise model comprises a rate equation theoretical model and a gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model; the gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model comprises a pyrogenicity factor; the thermal factor represents the ratio of the signal light to the pump light at the melting point to convert the laser energy into the thermal load;
different pumping powers are set in a pre-built fiber core temperature measuring platform to obtain a plurality of groups of corresponding measured values of melting point temperature and signal light power;
solving the melting point temperature rise model to obtain multiple groups of calculation data about melting point temperature and melting point signal light power, and obtaining the pyrogenic factor through data fitting according to the multiple groups of calculation data and the measured values of the melting point temperature and the signal light power;
and evaluating the melting point quality of the optical fiber according to the pyrogenicity factor.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: the fiber laser rate equation of the fiber laser in the rate equation theoretical model is as follows:
Figure 305215DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
(1)
Figure 372528DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
(2)
Figure 186901DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
(3)
Figure 681467DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
(4)
Figure 214079DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
(5)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 678559DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
and
Figure 488383DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
representing a plurality of pump wavelengths and signal wavelengths, respectively, in the integral term of equation (1)
Figure 12905DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
、
Figure 298393DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
、
Figure 176350DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
And
Figure 230894DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
the start or end wavelength corresponding to the pump wavelength or signal wavelength;
Figure 67263DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
and
Figure 308888DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
represents the power of the pump light and the signal light, respectively, wherein the + -numbers represent the propagation direction along the optical fiber;
Figure 380750DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
and
Figure 165166DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
representing the absorption and emission cross-section of the pump light,
Figure 765912DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
and
Figure 25992DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
representing the absorption and emission cross-section of the signal light,
Figure 245752DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
and
Figure 9308DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
representing the overlap factor between the doped region and the optical field modes of the pump light and the signal light respectively,
Figure 780955DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
and
Figure 403698DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
representing the transmission loss of the pump light and the signal light respectively,Nis the concentration of the ion doping and is,
Figure 551782DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
in order to have an effective mode field area,cin order to obtain the light speed in vacuum,
Figure 169845DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
equation (5) represents the contribution of the spontaneous emission term to the power increase for the planck constant.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: when the high-power optical fiber laser is bi-directional pumped, the boundary conditions of the oscillator of the bi-directional pump in the rate equation theoretical model are as follows:
Figure 518918DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
(6)
Figure 222432DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
(7)
Figure 174207DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
(8)
Figure 787723DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
(9)
wherein
Figure 166751DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
And
Figure 357561DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
respectively the wavelength dependent reflectivity of the high reflection grating and the low reflection grating,
Figure 988394DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
and
Figure 581049DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
respectively representing forward injection pump power and reverse injection pump power; for the forward pump of the bi-directional pump,
Figure 130979DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
is 0; for the backward pumping in the bi-directional pumping,
Figure 684451DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
is 0.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: the gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model is as follows:
Figure 978029DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
(10)
Figure 425191DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
(11)
Figure 21389DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
(12)
Figure 186791DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
(13)
wherein, the maleThe equation (10) is a heat conduction equation,
Figure 18481DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
which represents the amount of change in the temperature of the optical fiber,
Figure 461095DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
the coordinate parameters in the coordinates of the columns are represented,
Figure 352827DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
subscripts in the formula representing the coefficient of thermal conductivityi = 1, 2, 3, representing the parameters of the core, inner cladding and cladding respectively, Qthe heat generated in the optical fiber is represented, and the left side of the equal sign represents the heat exchanged between the optical fiber and the outside; formula (11) shows the heat source distributed longitudinally along the interior of the coreQ
Figure 5525DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
，
Figure 375327DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
Representing the radius of the core of the fiber,
Figure 938026DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
is the gain fiber length;
Figure 660DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
in order to obtain a convective heat transfer coefficient,
Figure 875075DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
respectively, the thermal conductivities of the core, the inner cladding and the coating of the optical fiber, T0Is at the temperature of the surroundings and is,N 0 is the doping concentration of the rare earth ions,N 2 in order to dope the ion concentration in the excited state,A p in order to be the area of the cladding region,P p for pumping power, IsIs the signal light power density; equation (12) is the boundary condition of the fiber side,
Figure 189513DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
is light ofThe normal vector of the side of the fiber,
Figure 465774DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
radius, temperature of coating layerT am The refrigerating temperature of the water cooling plate is 20 ℃ in a model verification experimentTWhich is representative of the temperature of the side of the coating layer,hrepresents the heat transfer coefficient of the refrigeration system; equation (13) is the boundary condition of the melting-point end face of the optical fiber,
Figure 699309DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
is the normal vector of the melting point end face of the fiber,
Figure 201966DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
represents the radius of the inner cladding layer and,P p representing the pump power at the melting point,P s representing the signal light power at the melting point,
Figure 913570DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
represents the end surface area of the inner cladding,
Figure 309916DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
representing the area of the end face of the core,STFis the pyrogenicity factor.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: and obtaining the pyrogenicity factor by least square fitting.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: by the formula
Figure 714352DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Calculating parameters used on the right side of the formula (11), and calculating the heat source longitudinally distributed along the inner part of the fiber core through the formula (11)Q
Figure 438726DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
A value of (d);
the heat source is longitudinally distributed along the inner part of the fiber coreQ
Figure 954021DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
As the heat on the right side of equation (10);
solving the formula (10) according to the boundary condition formula (12) and the formula (12) to obtain multiple groups of calculation data about the melting point temperature and the melting point signal light power; the specific values of the calculated data are affected by the pyrogenicity factor.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: pump power at the melting pointP p Is a specific value set in the injection laser.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: the smaller the value of the pyrogenicity factor, the better the temperature behavior of the melting point.
An apparatus for evaluating melting point quality of a high power fiber laser, the apparatus comprising:
the model parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring model parameters of the high-power optical fiber laser;
the melting point temperature rise model establishing module is used for establishing a melting point temperature rise model of the optical fiber according to the model parameters; the melting point temperature rise model comprises a rate equation theoretical model and a gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model; the gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model comprises a pyrogenicity factor; the thermal factor represents the ratio of the signal light to the pump light at the melting point to convert the laser energy into the thermal load;
the data fitting module is used for setting different pumping powers in a pre-built fiber core temperature measuring platform to obtain a plurality of groups of corresponding measured values of melting point temperature and signal light power;
the heating factor calculation module is used for solving the melting point temperature rise model to obtain multiple groups of calculation data about melting point temperature and melting point signal light power, and obtaining the heating factor through data fitting according to the multiple groups of calculation data and the measured values of the melting point temperature and the signal light power;
and the melting point quality evaluating module is used for evaluating the melting point quality of the optical fiber according to the pyrogenicity factor.
A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, the processor implementing the following steps when executing the computer program:
obtaining model parameters of a high-power optical fiber laser;
establishing a melting point temperature rise model of the optical fiber according to the model parameters; the melting point temperature rise model comprises a rate equation theoretical model and a gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model; the gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model comprises a pyrogenicity factor; the thermal factor represents the ratio of the signal light to the pump light at the melting point to convert the laser energy into the thermal load;
different pumping powers are set in a pre-built fiber core temperature measuring platform to obtain a plurality of groups of corresponding measured values of melting point temperature and signal light power;
solving the melting point temperature rise model to obtain multiple groups of calculation data about melting point temperature and melting point signal light power, and obtaining the pyrogenic factor through data fitting according to the multiple groups of calculation data and the measured values of the melting point temperature and the signal light power;
and evaluating the melting point quality of the optical fiber according to the pyrogenicity factor.
A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when executed by a processor, carries out the steps of:
obtaining model parameters of a high-power optical fiber laser;
establishing a melting point temperature rise model of the optical fiber according to the model parameters; the melting point temperature rise model comprises a rate equation theoretical model and a gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model; the gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model comprises a pyrogenicity factor; the thermal factor represents the ratio of the signal light to the pump light at the melting point to convert the laser energy into the thermal load;
different pumping powers are set in a pre-built fiber core temperature measuring platform to obtain a plurality of groups of corresponding measured values of melting point temperature and signal light power;
solving the melting point temperature rise model to obtain multiple groups of calculation data about melting point temperature and melting point signal light power, and obtaining the pyrogenic factor through data fitting according to the multiple groups of calculation data and the measured values of the melting point temperature and the signal light power;
and evaluating the melting point quality of the optical fiber according to the pyrogenicity factor.
According to the method, the device, the computer equipment and the storage medium for evaluating the melting point quality of the high-power fiber laser, the melting point temperature rise model of the optical fiber is established according to the model parameters of the high-power fiber laser; the melting point temperature rise model comprises a rate equation theoretical model and a gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model, the gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model comprises a heating factor which represents the ratio of converting laser energy into heat load at a melting point of signal light and pump light, and a plurality of groups of corresponding measured values of melting point temperature and signal light power are obtained by setting different pump powers in a pre-built fiber core temperature measuring platform; and solving the melting point temperature rise model to obtain multiple groups of calculation data about the melting point temperature and the melting point signal light power, obtaining a pyrogenicity factor through data fitting according to the multiple groups of calculation data and the measured values of the melting point temperature and the signal light power, and evaluating the melting point quality of the optical fiber according to the pyrogenicity factor. The invention describes the melting point temperature characteristic through the pyrogenicity factor and reflects the melting point fusion quality, realizes the quantitative evaluation of the melting point fusion quality, can reflect the safety of the melting point when the fiber laser runs at high power better, and provides theoretical and experimental means for the analysis of the melting point temperature and the study and judgment of the reliability when the power of the high-power fiber laser is further increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating melting point quality of a high power fiber laser in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary optical fiber configuration in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating melting point quality of a high power fiber laser in another embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principal structure of a core temperature test platform in one embodiment;
reference numbers in the figures:
1. a fiber laser; 11. a pump source; 12. a beam combiner; 13. high-reflection grating; 14. a gain fiber; 15. a low-reflection grating; 16. a pump purger; 17. a water-cooled disc;
2. an OFDR measurement device; 21. sweeping a light source; 22. a coupler 1; 23. a coupler 2; 24 a circulator; 25. a detector;
3. a wavelength division multiplexer; 4. a thermostat; 5. a thermocouple; 6. a wavelength division multiplexer;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a temperature distribution of each portion of the fiber laser when the output power is 100W according to an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a graph of temperature data for the same melting point at different laser powers for one embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an apparatus for evaluating melting point quality of a high power fiber laser in one embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an internal structure of a computer device according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
The method for evaluating the melting point quality of the high-power optical fiber laser can be applied to the application environment shown in figure 1. The terminal executes a method for evaluating the melting point quality of the high-power fiber laser, a melting point temperature rise model of the optical fiber is established according to parameters of the high-power fiber laser model, multiple groups of corresponding measured values of melting point temperature and signal light power are obtained by setting different pumping powers in a pre-established fiber core temperature measuring platform, the melting point temperature rise model is solved, multiple groups of calculation data related to the melting point temperature and the melting point signal light power are obtained, a pyrogenic factor is obtained through data fitting according to the multiple groups of calculation data and the measured values of the melting point temperature and the signal light power, and the melting point quality of the optical fiber is evaluated according to the pyrogenic factor. The terminal may be, but is not limited to, various personal computers, notebook computers, and tablet computers.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, there is provided a method for evaluating melting point quality of a high power fiber laser, comprising the steps of:
and 102, obtaining model parameters of the high-power optical fiber laser.
The model parameters comprise fiber core radius, cladding radius, coating layer radius, gain fiber length, pump light wavelength, signal light wavelength, environment temperature, signal light transmission loss, pump light transmission loss, fiber core heat conductivity coefficient, inner cladding heat conductivity coefficient, coating layer heat conductivity coefficient, convection heat transfer coefficient, selected fiber length and the like.
And step 104, establishing a melting point temperature rise model of the optical fiber according to the model parameters.
The melting point temperature rise model combines a rate equation theoretical model and a gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model. The rate equation theoretical model is mainly used for obtaining the output characteristic of the fiber laser oscillator. The gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model comprises a pyrogenicity factor; the pyrogenicity factor STF represents the ratio of the signal light to the pump light at the melting point to convert the laser energy into a thermal load.
And 106, setting different pumping powers in a pre-established fiber core temperature measuring platform to obtain a plurality of groups of corresponding measured values of melting point temperature and signal light power.
The melting point temperature at a particular pump power is typically a stable value when the fiber laser is in operation. And the core temperature measured by the single-mode fiber laser oscillator core temperature measuring platform is used as the melting point temperature of the optical fiber. And simultaneously, measuring the corresponding signal light power under the pumping power.
And 108, solving the melting point temperature rise model to obtain multiple groups of calculation data about the melting point temperature and the melting point signal light power, and obtaining the heating factor through data fitting according to the multiple groups of calculation data and the measured values of the melting point temperature and the signal light power.
And calculating different melting point temperatures according to the melting point temperature rise model, different pumping powers and STFs, otherwise, fitting to obtain the heating factor STF of the melting point according to the melting point temperature rise model after the pumping powers and the corresponding melting point temperature data are known. And fitting according to the multiple groups of calculated data, the melting point temperature and the measured value of the signal light power to obtain the value of the thermal factor STF, so that the error between the calculated data and the measured data is minimum.
And step 110, evaluating the melting point quality of the optical fiber according to the pyrogenicity factor.
The STF characterizes the ratio of the main laser to the thermal load. The larger the STF, the higher the proportion of laser converted into heat at the melting point, and the poorer the temperature characteristic of the melting point, which reflects the poorer the welding quality of the melting point; conversely, the smaller the STF, the better the temperature characteristics of the melting point, reflecting the better the quality of the weld at the melting point.
In the method for evaluating the melting point quality of the high-power fiber laser, a melting point temperature rise model of the optical fiber is established according to the high-power fiber laser model and parameters; the melting point temperature rise model comprises a heating factor which represents the ratio of converting laser energy into heat load at the melting point by signal light and pump light; different pumping powers are set in a pre-built fiber core temperature measuring platform to obtain a plurality of groups of corresponding measured values of melting point temperature and signal light power; solving the melting point temperature rise model to obtain multiple groups of calculation data about the melting point temperature and the melting point signal light power, and obtaining a heating factor through data fitting according to the multiple groups of calculation data and the measured values of the melting point temperature and the signal light power; and evaluating the melting point quality of the optical fiber according to the pyrogenicity factor. The invention describes the melting point temperature characteristic through the pyrogenicity factor and reflects the melting point fusion quality, realizes the quantitative evaluation of the melting point fusion quality, can reflect the safety of the melting point when the fiber laser runs at high power better, and provides theoretical and experimental means for the analysis of the melting point temperature and the study and judgment of the reliability when the power of the high-power fiber laser is further increased.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: the fiber laser rate equation of the fiber laser in the rate equation theoretical model is as follows:
Figure 470453DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
(1)
Figure 921157DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
(2)
Figure 257460DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
(3)
Figure 842026DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
(4)
Figure 822751DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
(5)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 568990DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
and
Figure 127010DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
representing a plurality of pump wavelengths and signal wavelengths, respectively, in the integral term of equation (1)
Figure 249687DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
、
Figure 350498DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
、
Figure 267639DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
And
Figure 578534DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
the start or end wavelength corresponding to the pump wavelength or signal wavelength;
Figure 114689DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
and
Figure 194641DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
represents the power of the pump light and the signal light, respectively, wherein the + -numbers represent the propagation direction along the optical fiber;
Figure 548262DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
and
Figure 956240DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
representing the absorption and emission cross-section of the pump light,
Figure 155140DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
and
Figure 355178DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
representing the absorption and emission cross-section of the signal light,
Figure 755066DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
and
Figure 509395DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
representing the overlap factor between the doped region and the optical field modes of the pump light and the signal light respectively,
Figure 777566DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
and
Figure 707476DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
representing the transmission loss of the pump light and the signal light respectively,Nis the concentration of the ion doping and is,
Figure 137320DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
in order to have an effective mode field area,cin order to obtain the light speed in vacuum,
Figure 644525DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
equation (5) represents the contribution of the spontaneous emission term to the power increase for the planck constant.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: when the bidirectional pumping is performed in the high-power optical fiber laser, the boundary conditions of the oscillator of the bidirectional pumping in the rate equation theoretical model are as follows:
Figure 450807DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
(6)
Figure 969644DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
(7)
Figure 835969DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
(8)
Figure 830469DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
(9)
wherein
Figure 315809DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
And
Figure 79365DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
respectively the wavelength dependent reflectivity of the high reflection grating and the low reflection grating,
Figure 851012DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
and
Figure 473754DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
respectively representing forward injection pump power and reverse injection pump power; for the forward pumping in a bi-directional pump,
Figure 621839DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
is 0; for backward pumping in a bi-directional pump,
Figure 239902DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
is 0. When the numerical value is solved, the theoretical model is discretized, a differential equation set is solved by using a difference method, and the initial condition and the boundary condition are combined to continuously iterate and solve. Finally, the output characteristics of the fiber laser oscillator can be obtained.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: the gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model is as follows:
Figure 182450DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
(10)
Figure 761330DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
(11)
Figure 713106DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
(12)
Figure 185676DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
(13)
wherein, the formula (10) is a heat conduction equation,
Figure 717368DEST_PATH_IMAGE088
which represents the amount of change in the temperature of the optical fiber,
Figure 908178DEST_PATH_IMAGE089
the coordinate parameters in the coordinates of the columns are represented,
Figure 398066DEST_PATH_IMAGE090
subscripts in the formula representing the coefficient of thermal conductivityi = 1, 2, 3, representing the parameters of the core, inner cladding and cladding respectively, Qthe heat generated in the optical fiber is represented, and the left side of the equal sign represents the heat exchanged between the optical fiber and the outside; formula (11) shows the heat source distributed longitudinally along the interior of the coreQ
Figure 990721DEST_PATH_IMAGE091
，
Figure 416017DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
Representing the radius of the core of the fiber,
Figure 94123DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
is the gain fiber length;
Figure 387701DEST_PATH_IMAGE094
in order to obtain a convective heat transfer coefficient,
Figure 710229DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
respectively, the thermal conductivities of the core, the inner cladding and the coating of the optical fiber, T0Is at the temperature of the surroundings and is,N 0 is the doping concentration of the rare earth ions,N 2 in order to dope the ion concentration in the excited state,A p in order to be the area of the cladding region,P p for pumping power, IsIs the signal light power density; equation (12) is the boundary condition of the fiber side,
Figure 431061DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
is the normal vector of the side of the fiber,
Figure 596463DEST_PATH_IMAGE097
radius, temperature of coating layerT am The refrigerating temperature of the water cooling plate is 20 ℃ in a model verification experimentTWhich is representative of the temperature of the side of the coating layer,hrepresents the heat transfer coefficient of the refrigeration system; equation (13) is the boundary condition of the melting-point end face of the optical fiber,
Figure 569098DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
is the normal vector of the melting point end face of the fiber,
Figure 870766DEST_PATH_IMAGE099
represents the radius of the inner cladding layer and,P p representing the pump power at the melting point,P s representing the signal light power at the melting point,A clad represents the end surface area of the inner cladding,A core representing the area of the end face of the core,STFis a pyrogenic factor. In one embodiment, the values of the model parameters of the ytterbium-doped fiber are shown in table 1:
table 1: optical fiber model parameter value
Figure 762499DEST_PATH_IMAGE100
The melting point temperature at a particular pump power is typically a stable value when the fiber laser is in operation. For a typical fiber structure, as shown in FIG. 2, the melting point temperature should follow a steady state thermal conduction model. Inside the optical fiber, the heat sourceQThe main sources are quantum depletion, background depletion and the like in the laser operation process. The side surface of the gain optical fiber is placed in a water-cooling disc with an optical fiber groove, and the heat exchange capacity is very strong, so that the boundary condition of the optical fiber side surface shown in the formula (12) is obtained. On the end face at the melting point, the pump light in the inner cladding and the signal light in the fiber core both generate heat sources, which are also the sources of the melting point temperature rise. And for the pump light and the signal light with specific power, the heat sources generated under different melting point fusion qualities are different, so that the heat generation factor STF of the melting point is defined to describe the heat generation difference of different melting points. This gives the boundary condition of the melting point end face of the optical fiber shown in the formula (12).
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: and obtaining the pyrogenicity factor by least square fitting.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: by the formula
Figure 149618DEST_PATH_IMAGE101
The parameters used on the right side of equation (11) are calculated, and the heat sources longitudinally distributed along the interior of the fiber core are calculated through equation (11)Q
Figure 660365DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
A value of (d); heat source to be distributed longitudinally along the interior of the coreQ
Figure 82119DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
As the heat on the right side of equation (10); solving the formula (10) according to the boundary condition formula (12) and the formula (12) to obtain multiple groups of calculation data about the melting point temperature and the melting point signal light power; wherein the specific values of the calculation data are influenced by the pyrogenicity factor.
At itIn one embodiment, the method further comprises: pump power at the melting pointP p Is a specific value set in the injection laser.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: the smaller the value of the pyrogenicity factor, the better the temperature behavior of the melting point.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a basic flow chart of a method for evaluating the melting point quality of a high-power fiber laser includes:
s1, establishing a melting point temperature rise model containing a pyrogenicity factor STF;
s2, building a test platform and measuring the melting point temperature;
s3, based on the theoretical model of the step S1, fitting an STF value according to the melting point temperature value measured in the step S2;
s4, evaluating the melting point quality based on the STF.
As shown in fig. 4, the single mode fiber laser oscillator core temperature measuring platform mainly comprises a fiber laser 1, an OFDR measuring device 2, a wavelength division multiplexer 3 and a wavelength division multiplexer 6. In the fiber laser 1, 4 sets of high-power 976 nm semiconductor Lasers (LDs) were used as the pump sources 11 (4 × 50W). The pump source 11 is connected into the resonant cavity through the pump arm of the (6 + 1) × 1 optical fiber combiner 12. The resonant cavity of the fiber laser system is formed by a group of high reflecting gratings 13 and low reflecting gratings 15, the central wavelength of the two gratings is 1080 nm, the line width of the two gratings is 2.16 nm and 0.97 nm respectively, the reflectivity of the high reflecting gratings 13 is 99.7%, and the reflectivity of the low reflecting gratings 15 is 10.7%. The gain fiber in the resonant cavity is a single-mode ytterbium-doped double-cladding step-index fiber, and the absorption coefficient of the fiber to a 976 nm LD pumping source is 3.9 dB/m. A length of 6.8 meters of gain fiber was therefore taken to ensure adequate absorption of the pump source. The diameter of a fiber core of the gain optical fiber is 10 mu m, the diameter of an inner cladding is 130 mu m, the diameter of a coating layer is 250 mu m, and the size and the type of the coating layer are the same as those of an optical fiber arm of the grating, and a signal arm and an output arm of the beam combiner 12.
The OFDR used in the measurement is a commercial product, wherein the spatial resolution can reach 2.6 mm at most, the temperature resolution can reach 0.1 ℃ at most, the range of linear sweep detection light is 1523.6 nm-1569.6 nm, and the real-time online measurement frequency of the OFDR can reach 4.17 Hz. The wave band of high power wavelength division multiplexing is 1080 nm/1550 nm, and the probe light that the OFDR sent firstly passes through the 1550 nm port of wavelength division multiplexer 3, and its output arm and wavelength division multiplexer 6's 1550 nm port arm butt fusion enter into fiber laser through the output arm of wavelength division multiplexer 6 at last. The 1080 nm main laser return light is led out to the 1080 nm port by the wavelength division multiplexer 6 and the wavelength division multiplexer 3 respectively, so as to avoid entering the OFDR measuring device 2. Fig. 5 shows the temperature distribution of each part of the fiber laser at an output power of 100W, and it can be seen from the results that the core temperature measurement system can measure and characterize the melting point temperature of the fiber.
Temperature data of the same melting point at different laser powers as measured in fig. 6, where the output power is the signal light power. According to the melting point evaluation model, the pyrogenicity factor STF of the melting point I of the kilowatt-level optical fiber oscillator is obtained by fitting and is 4.45 multiplied by 10-7The fitting error RMSE was 0.367 ℃. When a certain power of laser passes through the melting point, the laser with the proportion of 0.445 ppm is converted into a heat source of the melting point, and the value can be used for evaluating the welding quality of the melting point.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowchart of fig. 1 are shown in order as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in order as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not performed in the exact order shown and described, and may be performed in other orders, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in fig. 1 may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and the order of performance of the sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but may be performed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, there is provided an apparatus for evaluating melting point quality of a high power fiber laser, including: a model parameter obtaining module 702, a melting point temperature rise model establishing module 704, a data fitting module 706, a pyrogenicity factor calculating module 808 and a melting point quality evaluating module 710, wherein:
a model parameter obtaining module 702, configured to obtain model parameters of a high-power fiber laser;
a melting point temperature rise model establishing module 704, configured to establish a melting point temperature rise model of the optical fiber according to the model parameters; the melting point temperature rise model comprises a rate equation theoretical model and a gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model; the gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model comprises a pyrogenicity factor; the pyrogenicity factor represents the ratio of the signal light to the pump light at the melting point to convert the laser energy into the thermal load;
the data fitting module 706 is configured to set different pumping powers in a pre-established fiber core temperature measurement platform to obtain multiple sets of corresponding measured values of melting point temperatures and signal light powers;
the heating factor calculation module 708 is configured to solve the melting point temperature rise model to obtain multiple sets of calculation data about melting point temperature and melting point signal light power, and obtain the heating factor through data fitting according to the multiple sets of calculation data and the measured values of the melting point temperature and the signal light power;
and the melting point quality evaluating module 710 is used for evaluating the melting point quality of the optical fiber according to the pyrogenicity factor.
The pyrogenicity factor calculation module 708 is further configured to obtain the pyrogenicity factor by least squares fitting.
The heating factor calculation module 708 is also configured to calculate the heating factor by formula
Figure 410332DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
The parameters used on the right side of equation (11) are calculated, and the heat sources longitudinally distributed along the interior of the fiber core are calculated through equation (11)Q
Figure 160113DEST_PATH_IMAGE105
A value of (d); heat source to be distributed longitudinally along the interior of the coreQ
Figure 333606DEST_PATH_IMAGE105
As the heat on the right side of equation (10); formula (12) and formula (12) based on the boundary conditionsSolving the formula (10) to obtain multiple groups of calculation data about the melting point temperature and the melting point signal light power; wherein the specific values of the calculation data are influenced by the pyrogenicity factor.
For the specific limitation of the apparatus for evaluating the melting point quality of the high-power fiber laser, reference may be made to the above limitation on the method for evaluating the melting point quality of the high-power fiber laser, and details are not repeated here. All modules in the device for evaluating the melting point quality of the high-power fiber laser can be completely or partially realized by software, hardware and a combination thereof. The modules can be embedded in a hardware form or independent from a processor in the computer device, and can also be stored in a memory in the computer device in a software form, so that the processor can call and execute operations corresponding to the modules.
In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as shown in fig. 8. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, a network interface, a display screen, and an input device connected by a system bus. Wherein the processor of the computer device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device comprises a nonvolatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of an operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The network interface of the computer device is used for communicating with an external terminal through a network connection. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement a method of evaluating the melting point quality of a high power fiber laser. The display screen of the computer equipment can be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer equipment can be a touch layer covered on the display screen, a key, a track ball or a touch pad arranged on the shell of the computer equipment, an external keyboard, a touch pad or a mouse and the like.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the architecture shown in fig. 8 is merely a block diagram of some of the structures associated with the disclosed aspects and is not intended to limit the computing devices to which the disclosed aspects apply, as particular computing devices may include more or less components than those shown, or may combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.
In an embodiment, a computer device is provided, comprising a memory storing a computer program and a processor implementing the steps of the above method embodiments when executing the computer program.
In an embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the above-mentioned method embodiments.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by hardware instructions of a computer program, which can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in the embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory, among others. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), Programmable ROM (PROM), Electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus Direct RAM (RDRAM), direct bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A method for evaluating the melting point quality of a high-power optical fiber laser is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining model parameters of a high-power optical fiber laser;
establishing a melting point temperature rise model of the optical fiber according to the model parameters; the melting point temperature rise model comprises a rate equation theoretical model and a gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model; the gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model comprises a pyrogenicity factor; the thermal factor represents the ratio of the signal light to the pump light at the melting point to convert the laser energy into the thermal load; the gain optical fiber temperature theoretical model is as follows:
Figure 438065DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Figure 415248DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Figure 546015DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Figure 684873DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 674825DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
which represents the amount of change in the temperature of the optical fiber,
Figure 924541DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
the coordinate parameters in the coordinates of the columns are represented,
Figure 909815DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
denotes the coefficient of thermal conductivity, subscripti = 1, 2, 3, representing the parameters of the core, inner cladding and cladding respectively, Qrepresenting the heat generated by itself within the fiber,
Figure 750732DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
represents the heat exchanged by the fiber with the outside world; Q
Figure 821456DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
showing heat sources distributed longitudinally along the interior of the core,
Figure 874862DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
representing the radius of the core of the fiber,
Figure 370435DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
is the gain fiber length;
Figure 851095DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
and
Figure 143536DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
respectively representing a plurality of pump wavelengths and signal wavelengths,
Figure 633DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
and
Figure 226078DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
representing pump lightThe absorption and emission cross-section is,
Figure 877639DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
represents transmission loss of signal light;
Figure 922956DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
respectively, the thermal conductivities of the core, the inner cladding and the coating of the optical fiber, T0Is at the temperature of the surroundings and is,N 0 is the doping concentration of the rare earth ions,N 2 in order to dope the ion concentration in the excited state,A p in order to be the area of the cladding region,P p for pumping power, IsIs the signal light power density;
Figure 724690DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is the normal vector of the side of the fiber,
Figure 273483DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
radius, temperature of coating layerT am The refrigerating temperature of the water cooling plate is 20 ℃ in a model verification experimentTWhich is representative of the temperature of the side of the coating layer,hrepresents the heat transfer coefficient of the refrigeration system;
Figure 361524DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
is the normal vector of the melting point end face of the fiber,
Figure 159716DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
represents the radius of the inner cladding layer and,P p representing the pump power at the melting point,P s representing the signal light power at the melting point,A clad represents the end surface area of the inner cladding,A core representing the area of the end face of the core,STFis the pyrogenicity factor;
different pumping powers are set in a pre-built fiber core temperature measuring platform to obtain a plurality of groups of corresponding measured values of melting point temperature and signal light power;
solving the melting point temperature rise model to obtain multiple groups of calculation data about melting point temperature and melting point signal light power, and obtaining the pyrogenic factor through data fitting according to the multiple groups of calculation data and the measured values of the melting point temperature and the signal light power;
and evaluating the melting point quality of the optical fiber according to the pyrogenicity factor.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fiber laser rate equation of the fiber laser in the rate equation theoretical model is:
Figure 93037DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Figure 761916DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Figure 676651DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
Figure 165401DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Figure 167992DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 691378DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
、
Figure 386801DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
a start wavelength and an end wavelength representing the pump wavelength,
Figure 628427DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
and
Figure 169129DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
a start wavelength and an end wavelength representing a signal wavelength;
Figure 953546DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
and
Figure 554291DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
represents the power of the pump light and the signal light, respectively, wherein the + -numbers represent the propagation direction along the optical fiber;
Figure 17634DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
and
Figure 893186DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
representing the absorption and emission cross-section of the signal light,
Figure 391163DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
and
Figure 897231DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
representing the overlap factor between the doped region and the optical field modes of the pump light and the signal light respectively,
Figure 113449DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
representing the transmission loss of the pump light,Nis the concentration of the ion doping and is, A eff in order to have an effective mode field area,cin order to obtain the light speed in vacuum,
Figure 651746DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
is Planck constant, formula
Figure 4230DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Representing the contribution of the spontaneous emission term to the power increase.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein when bidirectional pumping is performed in the high power fiber laser, the boundary conditions of the oscillator for bidirectional pumping in the theoretical model of rate equations are:
Figure 681199DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
Figure 650292DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
Figure 336488DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
Figure 543479DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
wherein
Figure 63453DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
And
Figure 988684DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
respectively the wavelength dependent reflectivity of the high reflection grating and the low reflection grating,
Figure 212992DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
and
Figure 71226DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
respectively representing forward injection pump power and reverse injection pump power; for the forward pump of the bi-directional pump,
Figure 355577DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
is 0; for the backward pumping in the bi-directional pumping,
Figure 502525DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
is 0.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the pyrogenicity factor is obtained by data fitting, comprising:
and obtaining the pyrogenicity factor by least square fitting.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein solving the melting point temperature rise model to obtain multiple sets of calculated data regarding melting point temperature and melting point signal optical power comprises:
calculating heat sources longitudinally distributed along the inner part of the fiber core through the fiber laser rate equationQ
Figure 530524DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
Parameters used by formula
Figure 367898DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Calculating the heat source longitudinally distributed along the inner part of the fiber coreQ
Figure 823151DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
A value of (d);
the heat source is longitudinally distributed along the inner part of the fiber coreQ
Figure 722973DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
As a formula
Figure 820242DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
Heat on the right side;
according to the formula of boundary conditions
Figure 856332DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
And formula
Figure 482485DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
To formula
Figure 10549DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
Solving to obtain multiple groups of calculation data about the melting point temperature and the melting point signal light power; the specific values of the calculated data are affected by the pyrogenicity factor.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the pump power at the melting pointP p Is a specific value set in the injection laser.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the smaller the value of the pyrogenic factor, the better the temperature behavior of the melting point.
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