CN113312698B - Design method of transverse channel containing oxygen supply space of high-altitude railway tunnel - Google Patents
Design method of transverse channel containing oxygen supply space of high-altitude railway tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001669679 Eleotris Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for designing a transverse channel containing an oxygen supply space of a high-altitude railway tunnel, which comprises the following steps: s1, arranging a transverse channel with an oxygen supply space between two main tunnels for communicating the two main tunnels, arranging the oxygen supply space in the middle of the transverse channel, and arranging a protective door at the joint of the transverse channel and the main tunnels. The transverse passage with the oxygen supply space comprises a protective door at the entrance connected with the main tunnel, a slope-slowing section of the transverse passage and the oxygen supply space of the transverse passage; s2, acquiring tunnel construction parameters, tunnel passing train parameters and train personnel parameters; s3, establishing a dynamic space cross-channel personnel evacuation model and obtaining a model structure calculation formula; and S4, designing a transverse passage structure with an oxygen supply space according to the model calculation formula obtained in the step S3 based on the type of the high-altitude tunnel. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the problem of personal safety when people are evacuated due to the severe environment of the high-altitude tunnel can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of disaster prevention and rescue, and particularly relates to a design method of a transverse channel with an oxygen supply space for an emergency rescue station in a high-altitude tunnel.
Background
With the rapid increase of economy, in order to promote the development of the Tibetan economy, enhance the national consolidation and improve the regional railway network layout and improve the living level of people along the line, the high-altitude railway tunnel is rapidly developed, the number of large-scale tunnel groups and long mountainous areas in the west is increased, the engineering construction of tunnels leading to high-altitude areas in the Tibetan is rapidly developed, and more high-altitude long tunnels are generated. Due to the particularity of the high-altitude tunnel engineering, in order to ensure the safety of long and large tunnel operation, the research on disaster prevention and rescue of the high-altitude long and large tunnel is more and more focused. With the establishment and operation of more and more high-altitude railway tunnels with the length exceeding 20km, the research on the disaster prevention and rescue problem when the high-altitude area tunnels are in fire is reluctant. The construction cost of the disaster prevention and rescue facilities of the emergency rescue station in the high-altitude tunnel is huge, the cross channel of the tunnel emergency rescue station is used as the design key of the disaster prevention and rescue facilities of the long and large railway tunnel, and whether the structural parameters of the cross channel can ensure the safe evacuation of personnel to the maximum extent through the optimized design becomes the basis and the key of the cross channel structural design in the high-altitude environment.
At present, the research of tunnel disaster prevention and rescue measures by related researchers at home and abroad mainly focuses on the research of structures and equipment of emergency rescue stations and emergency shelters in plain tunnels, the research on the structural design of transverse channels of emergency rescue stations of high-altitude tunnels is less, and the regulations on tunnel disaster prevention and rescue facilities in national design specifications are only limited to the description of low-altitude tunnels. The design method causes great difficulty to the structural design of the transverse channel of the high-altitude rescue station, and has great influence on the reasonability and the safety and the reliability of the design of the tunnel rescue facility. Because the high-altitude environment belongs to a low-pressure oxygen-poor condition, oxygen in the tunnel can be consumed and toxic gas such as carbon monoxide and the like can be generated when a fire disaster occurs, and the evacuation speed can be reduced due to oxygen deficiency or altitude reaction during evacuation of people, the reasonable design of the disaster prevention and evacuation rescue engineering of the high-altitude tunnel is made to be very important for the safe operation of a high-speed railway.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a design method of a transverse channel with an oxygen supply space for an emergency rescue station in a high-altitude tunnel, so as to solve the problem of personal safety when people are evacuated due to the severe environment of the high-altitude tunnel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for designing a transverse channel containing an oxygen supply space of a high-altitude railway tunnel comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging a transverse channel with an oxygen supply space between two main tunnels for communicating the two main tunnels, arranging the oxygen supply space in the middle of the transverse channel, and arranging a protective door at the joint of the transverse channel and the main tunnels. The transverse passage with the oxygen supply space comprises a protective door at the entrance connected with the main tunnel, a slope-slowing section of the transverse passage and the oxygen supply space of the transverse passage;
s2, acquiring tunnel construction parameters, tunnel passing train parameters and train personnel parameters;
s3, establishing a horizontal passage personnel evacuation dynamic model with an oxygen supply space for the high-altitude tunnel emergency rescue station and obtaining a model structure calculation formula;
and S4, designing a transverse passage structure with an oxygen supply space according to the model calculation formula obtained in the step S3 based on the type of the high-altitude tunnel.
Preferably, the tunnel construction parameters include: tunnel length, cross-sectional size.
Preferably, the tunnel passing train parameter includes: the statistical data of the number of train marshalling, the length of the train, the passing speed of the train, the standard and the number of overloaded passengers of the train, the ages, the sexes and the evacuation speed of the passengers and the air quality parameters of the high-altitude tunnel.
Preferably, step S3 includes:
step 3.1, determining the number of people carried by the passenger trains of corresponding models according to the types of the passenger trains, including overload conditions and distribution proportions of men, women, old and young people of different crowds, and determining evacuation speeds of different crowds under fire smoke and high-altitude low-pressure oxygen-poor environmental factors;
step 3.2, determining the number of the simulated train carriages and the train marshalling according to the train models to obtain the number of seats in each carriage and the number of persons with overload conditions;
3.3, establishing a train model according to the number of train vehicles of different vehicle types, the number of persons of each vehicle and the personnel attributes;
3.4, selecting transverse channels equidistantly arranged at one end of the rescue station to establish a tunnel emergency rescue station model based on parameter design of the transverse channels;
step 3.5, inputting calculation parameters under the condition of the vehicle type selected in the steps 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3, changing the width of a protective door at the entrance of a transverse channel, wherein the width is respectively five parameters of 2m, 2.5m, 3m, 3.5m and 4m, and changing the distance between the transverse channels, wherein the distance is respectively five parameters of 40m, 50m, 60m, 70m and 80 m; simultaneously operating PathFinder software, recording the necessary safe evacuation time for people evacuation under the condition of each protection door width and transverse channel spacing, and determining the optimal transverse channel protection door width and transverse channel spacing under the condition of corresponding number of people by taking the necessary safe evacuation time not to be reduced as a judgment standard; and then changing the width of the protective door at the entrance of the transverse passage, wherein the width is respectively five parameters of 1m, 1.5m, 2m, 2.5m and 3m, changing the distance of the transverse passage, wherein the width is respectively five parameters of 40m, 50m, 60m, 70m and 80m, taking RSET <6min as a judgment standard for determining the width and the distance of the minimum transverse passage protective door under the condition of different numbers of people, and fitting and deriving a relation curve and a calculation formula of the number of personnel, the width of the transverse passage protective door and the distance of the transverse passage.
Preferably, in the tunnel emergency rescue station model of step 3.4, the length of the tunnel emergency rescue station is greater than that of the trainThe length of a platform of the emergency rescue station is not less than 500m, the height of the emergency rescue station is not less than 0.3m, and the width of a longitudinal pedestrian channel platform of the emergency rescue station is not less than 2.5m; the platform width is 2.5m, the distance from the carriage floor to the platform is 0.3m, and the length of the emergency rescue station platform is 500m; the oxygen supply space can be used as a avoidance area of train personnel, and the area is not less than 0.5m 2 (iv) human. .
Preferably, in step S4, the high-altitude tunnel type is a double-tunnel single-track tunnel, a standard design section with a speed per hour of 200km/h is adopted, the train model adopts a standard passenger train consist and the number of persons corresponding to the speed per hour, and the model calculation formula obtained according to step S3 is as follows:
the minimum width D of the transverse passage protective door is as follows: d (P) =0.5498e 0.0365P ；
The maximum distance R of the transverse channels is as follows: r (P) =155.53e -0.043P ；
The minimum area H of a single oxygen supply space is as follows: h (P) =0.5PR/L;
wherein D is the minimum width of the protective door and the unit m; r is the maximum distance of the transverse channel and the unit m; p is the number of people evacuated, unit 10 2 A human; h is the minimum area of the oxygen supply space, unit m 2 (ii) a L is the platform length of the emergency rescue station, and the platform length is 500m and the unit is m.
Preferably, in step S3, the train consists of 18 knots with 25.5m each, and the number of people in each car is the same and all the people are hard seats.
Preferably, the number of hard seats per car is 118, and the number of persons to be evacuated is 2124.
The invention can solve the personal safety problem when people are evacuated in the severe environment of the high-altitude tunnel, provides the transverse channel with the oxygen supply space, and evacuates the people to the space to obtain oxygen supply (oxygen supply mask) and then evacuates the people to the tunnel at the other end to wait for train rescue. Therefore, adverse consequences caused by evacuation of people in the low-pressure oxygen-deficient environment of the high-altitude tunnel to generate an oxygen-deficient reaction or a plateau reaction can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a geometric model of a person evacuation and a train model;
FIG. 2 is a geometric model of a transverse passage of an oxygen supply space of the emergency rescue station;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a transverse passage with an oxygen supply space of the emergency rescue station for a high altitude railway tunnel;
FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal section view of a transverse passage with an oxygen supply space of the emergency rescue station of the high altitude railway tunnel;
fig. 5 is a graph of the required safe evacuation time RSET as a function of the cross-aisle spacing R (different combinations of guard gate widths D) (P =2124 persons);
fig. 6 is a graph of the required safe evacuation time RSET as a function of the guard gate width D (different cross-aisle spacing combinations) at the entrance of a cross-aisle (P =2124 persons);
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the variation of the minimum width D of the protective door at the entrance of the horizontal passage with the number of people to be evacuated;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the variation of the maximum distance R of the horizontal passage with the number of people to be evacuated;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional dimension of a tunnel;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a case train consist;
FIG. 11 is a schematic flow chart of the method for designing a transverse passageway with an oxygen supply space according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 11, the present invention provides a method for designing a lateral passage having an oxygen supply space for an emergency rescue station in a high altitude tunnel, comprising the steps of:
s1, arranging a transverse channel with an oxygen supply space between two main tunnels for communicating the two main tunnels, arranging the oxygen supply space in the middle of the transverse channel, and arranging a protective door at the joint of the transverse channel and the main tunnels. The transverse passage with the oxygen supply space comprises a protective door at the entrance connected with the main tunnel, a slope-slowing section of the transverse passage and the oxygen supply space of the transverse passage;
s2, acquiring tunnel construction parameters, tunnel passing train parameters and train personnel parameters; the tunnel construction parameters comprise tunnel length and section size, and the tunnel cross section size is shown in fig. 9; the tunnel passing train parameters include statistics of the number of passing train consists, the length of the train, the passing speed of the train, the train standard and the number of overloaded passengers, the age, sex and evacuation speed of the passengers, and the air quality parameters (such as oxygen content) of the high altitude tunnel, wherein the case train consist diagram is shown in fig. 10;
s3, establishing a horizontal passage personnel evacuation dynamic model with an oxygen supply space and obtaining a model structure calculation formula; or a horizontal passage personnel evacuation dynamic model with an oxygen supply space of the high-altitude tunnel emergency rescue station is established and a model structure calculation formula is obtained, wherein the model structure calculation formula comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, determining the number of people carried by the passenger trains of corresponding models according to the types of the passenger trains, including overload conditions and distribution proportions of men, women, old and young people of different crowds, and determining evacuation speeds of different crowds under the conditions of fire smoke and high-altitude low-pressure oxygen-poor environment factors;
step 3.2, determining the number of simulated train carriages and train marshalling according to the train model to obtain the number of seats in each carriage and the number of persons including overload conditions, and establishing a person evacuation geometric model and a train model by adopting simulation software Pathfinder as shown in figure 1;
3.3, establishing a train model according to the number of train vehicles of different vehicle types, the number of persons of each vehicle and the personnel attributes;
3.4, based on parameter design of the transverse channel, selecting to arrange the transverse channel at equal intervals at one end of the rescue station to establish a tunnel emergency rescue station model, wherein the emergency rescue station is provided with an oxygen supply space and a transverse channel geometric model as shown in figure 2; when the greater number of train personnel is closer to the crosswalk, the greater the requirements on crosswalk spacing and structural dimensions for personnel evacuation. The length of the tunnel emergency rescue station is greater than the length of a train, the length of a platform of the emergency rescue station is not less than 500m, the height of the emergency rescue station is not less than 0.3m, and the width of a longitudinal pedestrian channel platform of the emergency rescue station is not less than 2.5m; the platform width is 2.5m, the distance from the carriage floor to the platform is 0.3m, and the railway platform length is 500m. Generally, for a plain old, the width of a longitudinal pedestrian passageway platform in a railway tunnel emergency rescue station with the speed of more than 200km/h is not less than 2.5m, and the larger the taken width is, the larger the size requirement on a transverse passageway structure is when people are evacuated; a transverse channel model with an oxygen supply space for the high-altitude railway tunnel emergency rescue station is established based on the train, tunnel and personnel parameters, the schematic plan view of the transverse channel model is shown in figure 3, and the schematic vertical section view of the transverse channel model is shown in figure 4.
Step 3.5, inputting calculation parameters under the condition of the vehicle type selected in the steps 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3, changing the width of a protective door at the entrance of the transverse passage to be respectively five parameters of 2m, 2.5m, 3m, 3.5m and 4m, and changing the distance of the transverse passage to be respectively five parameters of 40m, 50m, 60m, 70m and 80 m; when each combination is calculated, assuming that the platform width of the emergency rescue station is large enough and the personnel evacuation speed is not influenced, operating PathFiner software respectively, recording the necessary safe evacuation time for personnel evacuation under the condition of each protection door width and channel spacing, and determining the optimal transverse channel protection door width and transverse channel spacing under the condition of corresponding number of people by taking the necessary safe evacuation time not to be reduced as a judgment standard; the curve (P =2124 persons) of the required safe evacuation time RSET along with the transverse passage distance R (different combinations of the guard door widths D) obtained by the present step is shown in fig. 5; the curve (P = 2124) of the required safe evacuation time RSET as a function of the guard gate width D (combination of different crossroad spacings) at the entrance of the crossroad is shown in fig. 6.
Then, the width of the guard door at the entrance of the transverse passage is changed to be respectively five parameters of 1m, 1.5m, 2m, 2.5m and 3m, the distance between the transverse passages is changed to be respectively five parameters of 40m, 50m, 60m, 70m and 80m, RSET <6min is used as a judgment standard for determining the width of the minimum protective door of the transverse passage and the distance between the maximum protective doors of the transverse passage under the condition of different people number, the change curve of the minimum width D of the guard door at the entrance of the transverse passage along with the number of people evacuated is obtained and shown in figure 7, and the change curve of the maximum distance R of the transverse passage along with the number of people evacuated is shown in figure 8; fitting and deriving a relation curve and a calculation formula of the number of the personnel, the width of the transverse passage protective door and the distance between the transverse passages; in order to conveniently analyze the difference of the change of the transverse channel parameters to the necessary safe evacuation time, the condition that the number of people in each carriage is the same and all the people are hard seats is set. The working conditions of the number of people selected in the place are as follows: the hard seats of each carriage are 118 people full (2124 people in total).
And S4, designing a transverse passage structure with an oxygen supply space in the high-altitude tunnel emergency rescue station according to the model calculation formula obtained in the step S3 based on the type of the high-altitude tunnel.
The invention selects a tunnel as a double-hole single-line tunnel, adopts a standard design section with the speed per hour of 200km/h, adopts a standard passenger train marshalling and the number of personnel of the corresponding speed per hour for a train model, and obtains a model calculation formula according to the step S3 as follows:
the minimum width D of the transverse passage protective door is as follows: d (P) =0.5498e 0.0365P ；
The maximum distance R of the transverse channels is as follows: r (P) =155.53e -0.043P ；
The minimum area H of a single oxygen supply space is as follows: h (P) =0.001 × pr;
wherein D is the minimum width of the protective door and the unit m; r is the maximum distance of the transverse channel and the unit m; p is the number of people to be evacuated, 102 people in the unit; h is the minimum area of oxygen supply space and the unit m 2 。
The invention provides a design method and a structure of a transverse channel with an oxygen supply space of an emergency rescue station of a high-altitude railway tunnel on the basis of research on railway construction, particularly high-altitude railway tunnel construction technology and railway train operation technology.
The method firstly utilizes personnel evacuation simulation software Pathfinder to establish a dynamic model of the personnel emergency evacuation in the cross passage of the oxygen supply space of the high-altitude railway emergency rescue station, and carries out simulation calculation on the personnel evacuation. In the calculation, the influence of a high-altitude low-pressure oxygen-poor environment on the evacuation speed of people of different ages and sexes in a tunnel under the condition of a fire disaster is considered, and the attribute parameters of the evacuated people are determined; establishing a geometric model of the train and a dynamic model of evacuated personnel; and determining the personnel evacuation principle and the oxygen supply rescue position of the transverse passage.
Secondly, different distances of transverse channels with oxygen supply spaces are established according to the method, and people evacuation under different parameter conditions is calculated. The method comprises the steps of modeling aiming at the distance R between the transverse channels and the width D of a protective door at the inlet of the transverse channel and modeling aiming at the oxygen supply space capacity H of the transverse channel.
And then, determining the necessary safe evacuation time RSET for people evacuation according to the calculation result.
And finally, determining a fitting curve function with the oxygen supply space cross passage distance and the width of the cross passage entrance guard gate, determining a curve function R (P) of the cross passage distance and a curve function D (P) of the guard gate width according to the RSET principle of necessary safe evacuation time for evacuating people with different numbers, and fitting the relationship curve of the cross passage distance, the width of the cross passage guard gate and the number of the evacuated people to obtain a calculation formula.
And determining a fitting curve function of the minimum area of the oxygen supply space, and determining a curve function H (P) of the minimum area H of the oxygen supply space of the transverse channel according to the oxygen supply and space requirements of different numbers of personnel to obtain a calculation formula. The slope in cross passage oxygen suppliment space is 0, provides sparse personnel oxygen suppliment mask in this section space, and sparse personnel take the oxygen suppliment mask to escape to other end tunnel, waits for the train rescue, and the oxygen suppliment mask also can be alleviated and reduced sparse personnel and carry out oxygen deficiency or altitude reaction after the evacuation motion in order to satisfy the respiratory state of sparse personnel under high altitude low pressure oxygen deficiency environment.
The method has the advantages that the numerical calculation method and the numerical calculation model are adopted, the design parameters of the oxygen supply space transverse passage structure meeting the requirement of safe evacuation of different numbers of people are obtained, and the parameters fully reflect the influence of the oxygen supply space transverse passage structure conditions on the emergency evacuation of people in the tunnel. The invention provides a structural design method for the conventional high-altitude railway tunnel emergency rescue station with the oxygen supply space transverse channel, provides scientific basis for the structural design of the high-altitude railway tunnel emergency rescue station with the oxygen supply space transverse channel, enhances the safety and reliability of disaster prevention, rescue and evacuation of the high-altitude railway tunnel, and realizes economy, reasonability, safety, high efficiency and loss reduction as much as possible.
Example 1:
the structural parameters of the emergency rescue station of the high-altitude railway tunnel with the oxygen supply space transverse channel inlet are closely related to the number of people to be evacuated, if the number of the people to be evacuated is small, the requirement on the structural condition of the oxygen supply space transverse channel is low, and if the number of the people to be evacuated is large, the requirement on the structural condition of the oxygen supply space transverse channel is high. Due to the fact that the number of people evacuated in the railway tunnel is large, the time used for evacuation of people is minimized by reasonably designing structural parameters at an entrance of an emergency exit, the purpose is to save evacuation time, avoid secondary casualty accidents caused by crowding of people in the process of evacuation of people and reduce personal safety of people evacuated in the oxygen-poor low-pressure environment. Therefore, a measure of widening a gentle slope at the entrance section is taken to solve this problem. And taking 18 passenger trains as main running trains of a certain double-hole single-line tunnel, and taking a transverse channel as a fire rescue channel space of a tunnel emergency rescue station according to the design specification of railway tunnel disaster prevention and evacuation rescue engineering, wherein the section size of the transverse channel is 4.5m multiplied by 4.0m.
The train consists of 18 sections, each section is 25.5m, the first section on the left is taken as a head, the last section is taken as a tail wagon, the second section to the fifth section on the left are taken as hard sleeping cars, the sixth section to the seventh section are taken as soft sleeping cars, the eighth section is taken as a dining car, and the ninth section to the seventeenth section are taken as hard seating cars.
(1) Determining the number of persons P
When the train is full, the number of passengers is 1450, and the number of workers is about 50, and the total number of passengers is 1500. The number of the hard seat cars is about 2145 when the hard seat cars are overloaded by 60 percent. The front compartment of the train is a sleeper compartment, and the rear compartment of the train is a hard seat compartment. From the results of the railway passenger flow investigation, the personnel allocation ratios and parameters are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Class of person | Ratio (%) | Average height (cm) | Average shoulder width (cm) | Average velocity (m/s) |
| |
45 | 172 | 45.58 | 0.7 |
| Adult female | 40 | 160 | 44.58 | 0.58 |
| Children's toy | 7 | 120 | 35 | 0.47 |
| Old people | 8 | 165 | 45 | 0.42 |
The number of persons assigned to each car is shown in table 3, and the specific number of persons in each car when the car is fully loaded is shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3
| Type of vehicle | Hard seat vehicle | Hard sleeping car | Soft sleeping car | Dining car |
| Number of people | 128 | 66 | 36 | 90 |
(2) Determining the distance between transverse channels and the width of protective door at entrance of transverse channel
Calculating to obtain the maximum distance of the transverse channels and the minimum protection door width of the entrance according to 2145 people needing evacuation:
R(P)＝61.8m
D(P)＝1.2m
therefore, the distance between the transverse channels with the oxygen supply space does not exceed 61.8m at most; the minimum entrance guard door width cannot be less than 1.2m.
(3) Determining the area of oxygen supply refuge space
According to the required evacuation number of 2145 people, the area of the oxygen supply space is calculated as follows:
H(P)＝132.6m 2
therefore, in summary, the emergency rescue station for the high-altitude railway tunnel has the maximum distance of the transverse channels of the oxygen supply space of 61.8m, the minimum width of the protective door at the inlet of the transverse channel of 1.2m, and the oxygen supply space capacityThe amount is at least 132.6m 2 。
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, the claims should be construed to include preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for designing a transverse channel containing an oxygen supply space of a high-altitude railway tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that S1, a transverse channel with an oxygen supply space is arranged between two main tunnels and used for communicating the two main tunnels, the oxygen supply space is arranged in the middle of the transverse channel, and a protective door is arranged at the joint of the transverse channel and the main tunnels; the transverse channel with the oxygen supply space comprises a protective door at the entrance connected with the main tunnel, a gentle slope section of the transverse channel and the oxygen supply space of the transverse channel;
s2, acquiring tunnel construction parameters, tunnel passing train parameters and train personnel parameters; the tunnel construction parameters include: tunnel length, section size; the tunnel passing train parameters include: counting data by the number of train marshalling, the length of the train, the passing speed of the train, the train standard and the number of overloaded passengers, the ages, the sexes and the evacuation speed of the passengers, and the air quality parameters of the high-altitude tunnel;
s3, establishing a horizontal passage personnel evacuation dynamic model containing an oxygen supply space of the high-altitude tunnel emergency rescue station and obtaining a model structure calculation formula; the step S3 comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, determining the number of people carried by the passenger trains of corresponding models according to the types of the passenger trains, including overload conditions and distribution proportions of men, women, old and young people of different crowds, and determining evacuation speeds of different crowds under fire smoke and high-altitude low-pressure oxygen-poor environmental factors;
step 3.2, determining the number of the simulated train carriages and the train marshalling according to the train models to obtain the number of seats in each carriage and the number of persons with overload conditions;
3.3, establishing a train model according to the number of train vehicles of different vehicle types, the number of passengers of each vehicle and the personnel attribute;
3.4, selecting transverse channels equidistantly arranged at one end of the rescue station to establish a tunnel emergency rescue station model based on parameter design of the transverse channels; in the tunnel emergency rescue station model, the length of a tunnel emergency rescue station is greater than the length of a train, the length of a platform of the emergency rescue station is not less than 500m, the height of the platform is not less than 0.3m, and the width of a longitudinal pedestrian channel platform of the emergency rescue station is not less than 2.5m; the platform width is 2.5m, the distance from the carriage floor to the platform is 0.3m, and the platform length of the emergency rescue station is 500m; the oxygen supply space can be used as the avoidance area of train personnel, and the area is not less than 0.5m 2 A person;
step 3.5, inputting calculation parameters under the condition of the vehicle type selected in the steps 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3, changing the width of a protective door at the entrance of a transverse channel, wherein the width is respectively five parameters of 2m, 2.5m, 3m, 3.5m and 4m, and changing the distance between the transverse channels, wherein the distance is respectively five parameters of 40m, 50m, 60m, 70m and 80 m; simultaneously operating PathFiner software, recording the necessary safe evacuation time for personnel evacuation under the condition of each protective door width and the crosswalk spacing, and determining the optimal crosswalk protective door width and crosswalk spacing under the condition of corresponding number of people by taking the necessary safe evacuation time not to be reduced as a judgment standard; then, the width of the protective door at the entrance of the transverse channel is changed into five parameters of 1m, 1.5m, 2m, 2.5m and 3m respectively, the distance between the transverse channels is changed into five parameters of 40m, 50m, 60m, 70m and 80m respectively, RSET <6min is used as a judgment standard for determining the width and the distance between the minimum transverse channel protective door and the maximum transverse channel under the condition of different numbers of people, and a relation curve and a calculation formula of the number of people, the width and the distance between the transverse channel protective door and the transverse channel are fit and derived;
s4, designing a transverse passage structure with an oxygen supply space according to the model calculation formula obtained in the step S3 based on the type of the high-altitude tunnel; in step S4, the high-altitude tunnel type is a double-hole single-line tunnel, a standard design section with the speed per hour of 200km/h is adopted, a standard passenger train marshalling and the number of personnel corresponding to the speed per hour are adopted for the train model, and the model calculation formula obtained according to the step S3 is as follows:
protective door for transverse passageThe minimum width D of (D) is: d (P) =0.5498e 0.0365P ；
The maximum distance R of the transverse channels is as follows: r (P) =155.53e -0.043P ；
The minimum area H of a single oxygen supply space is: h (P) =0.5PR/L;
wherein D is the minimum width of the protective door and the unit m; r is the maximum distance of the transverse channel and the unit m; p is the number of people evacuated, unit 10 2 A human; h is the minimum area of the oxygen supply space and the unit m 2 (ii) a L is the platform length of the emergency rescue station, the platform length is 500m, and the unit is m;
in S3, the train consists of 18 sections, each section is 25.5m, the number of people in each carriage is the same and the carriages are hard seats; the number of hard seats in each carriage is 118, and the number of persons evacuated is 2124.
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