CN113311588B - Orbital angular momentum beam splitter - Google Patents
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- CN113311588B CN113311588B CN202110604275.6A CN202110604275A CN113311588B CN 113311588 B CN113311588 B CN 113311588B CN 202110604275 A CN202110604275 A CN 202110604275A CN 113311588 B CN113311588 B CN 113311588B
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
Abstract
The invention discloses an orbital angular momentum beam splitter, which relates to the technical field of OAM state separation, and comprises a first polarization beam splitter, a second polarization beam splitter and a third polarization beam splitter, wherein a light beam enters the first polarization beam splitter through a wave plate group and is split into a reflected light beam and a transmitted light beam; the reflected light beam is overlapped in the first polarization beam splitter after being totally internally reflected by the first Porro prism and the transmitted light beam is totally internally reflected by the second Porro prism to form an overlapped light beam; the overlapped light beams are split by the second polarization beam splitter to form a first OAM state light beam and a second OAM state light beam, and the first OAM state light beam and the second OAM state light beam are output from different output ends; the wave plate group adjusts the relative phase difference of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the incident beam according to a first set phase; the second Porro prism is rotated by a second set angle with respect to the first Porro prism. The invention can efficiently separate the OAM state and the separated OAM state can not be damaged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of OAM state separation, in particular to an orbital angular momentum beam splitter.
Background
In 1989, Coullet et al proposed the concept of optical vortex. Later, Allen et al further noted that vortical optical fields with a gyral phase gradient can carry Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM). Since then, photons carrying orbital angular momentum degrees of freedom have received a great deal of attention. Up to now, orbital angular momentum has been extended to almost all research fields related to optics, such as nonlinear optics, atomic optics, optical microscopy, bioscience, super-diffraction limited imaging, optical hall effect, optical vortex junctions, and even astronomy. Since the degree of freedom of orbital angular momentum can construct a state space with infinite dimensions in principle, the method can be used for encoding information with more than 1bit per photon. The method has wide application in optical communication, high-dimensional quantum entanglement and the like. However, in these applications, it is the most basic requirement to separate the different OAM states.
Currently, much work has been done on how to separate different OAM states, for example, based on log-polar transformation, but this method has some drawbacks, such as low efficiency, the separated OAM states can be seriously destroyed, etc.; for another example, a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used, which consists of two beam splitters, two mirrors and two Dove prisms, but has many defects, such as large loss, poor integration, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an orbital angular momentum beam splitter, which can efficiently separate an OAM state and can not damage the separated OAM state.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
an orbital angular momentum beam splitter comprises a wave plate group, a first polarization beam splitter, a second polarization beam splitter, a first Porro prism and a second Porro prism;
the optical beam with two different OAM states enters from the input end to form an incident beam, and the incident beam enters the first polarization beam splitter after being adjusted by the wave plate set; after passing through the first polarization beam splitter, the adjusted light beam is split into a reflected light beam and a transmitted light beam; the reflected light beam is overlapped in the first polarization beam splitter after being subjected to total internal reflection of the first Porro prism and the transmitted light beam after being subjected to total internal reflection of the second Porro prism to form an overlapped light beam, then the overlapped light beam is split by the second polarization beam splitter to form a first OAM state light beam and a second OAM state light beam, and the first OAM state light beam and the second OAM state light beam are respectively output from different output ends;
the wave plate group adjusts the relative phase difference of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the incident beam according to a first set phase; the second Porro prism is rotated by a second set angle with respect to the first Porro prism.
Optionally, a first one-half wave plate is arranged between the input end and the wave plate set; the first one-half wave plate is used for adjusting the amplitude ratio of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the incident light beam.
Optionally, the wave plate set sequentially includes a first quarter wave plate, a second half wave plate, and a second quarter wave plate according to the optical path direction.
Optionally, a first compensation crystal is disposed between the first polarization beam splitter and the first Porro prism; wherein the conversion of the polarization of the reflected light beam and the optical path length of the reflected light beam are adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the first compensation crystal.
Optionally, a second compensation crystal and an oblique prism are sequentially arranged between the first polarization beam splitter and the second Porro prism; wherein the conversion of the polarization of the transmitted beam and the optical path length of the transmitted beam are adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the second compensation crystal; the oblique angle prism is used for converting the first light path to enable the converted first light path and the path of the incident beam to be on the same horizontal plane; the starting point of the first light path is the second Porro prism, and the end point of the first light path is the oblique angle prism.
Optionally, a third half-wave plate is disposed between the first polarization beam splitter and the second polarization beam splitter.
Optionally, according to
Calculating the probability that the first OAM state light beam is output from a first output end; according to
Calculating the probability that the first OAM state light beam is output from a second output end; according to
Calculating the probability that the second OAM state light beam is output from the first output end; according to
The calculation of the probability of the second OAM state light beam output from the second output end;
wherein l1Represents a first OAM state,/2Indicating a second OAM state, alpha indicating a second set angle and delta indicating a first set phase.
Optionally, the path of the reflected beam is on the same horizontal plane as the path of the incident beam.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides an orbital angular momentum beam splitter, which comprises a wave plate group, a first polarization beam splitter, a second polarization beam splitter, a first Porro prism and a second Porro prism, wherein the wave plate group is provided with a first polarization beam splitter; the optical beam with two different OAM states enters from the input end to form an incident beam, and the incident beam enters the first polarization beam splitter after being adjusted by the wave plate set; after passing through the first polarization beam splitter, the adjusted light beam is split into a reflected light beam and a transmitted light beam; the reflected light beam is overlapped in the first polarization beam splitter after being subjected to total internal reflection of the first Porro prism and the transmitted light beam after being subjected to total internal reflection of the second Porro prism to form an overlapped light beam, then the overlapped light beam is split by the second polarization beam splitter to form a first OAM state light beam and a second OAM state light beam, and the first OAM state light beam and the second OAM state light beam are respectively output from different output ends; the wave plate group adjusts the relative phase difference of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the incident beam according to a first set phase; the second Porro prism is rotated by a second set angle with respect to the first Porro prism. According to the invention, two different OAM state photons are output from different output ends by selecting a proper first set phase and a proper second set angle, and the separated OAM state cannot be damaged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an orbital angular momentum splitter of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a graph of experimental results of the present invention using OAM states | l ═ 1> and | l ═ 2> to test OAM splitters (α ═ pi/2 and δ ═ pi);
fig. 3 is a graph showing experimental results of the OAM splitter (α ═ pi/2 and δ ═ pi) test using OAM states | l ═ 1> and | l ═ 2> according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide an orbital angular momentum beam splitter, which can efficiently separate an OAM state and can not damage the separated OAM state.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example one
The embodiment provides an orbital angular momentum beam splitter, which comprises a wave plate group, a first polarization beam splitter, a second polarization beam splitter, a first Porro prism and a second Porro prism. The wave plate group adjusts the relative phase difference of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the incident beam according to a first set phase; the second Porro prism is rotated by a second set angle with respect to the first Porro prism.
The optical beam with two different OAM states enters from the input end to form an incident beam, and the incident beam enters the first polarization beam splitter after being adjusted by the wave plate set; after passing through the first polarization beam splitter, the adjusted light beam is split into a reflected light beam and a transmitted light beam; the reflected light beam is overlapped in the first polarization beam splitter after passing through the total internal reflection of the first Porro prism and the transmitted light beam after passing through the total internal reflection of the second Porro prism to form an overlapped light beam, then the overlapped light beam is split by the second polarization beam splitter to form a first OAM state light beam and a second OAM state light beam, and the first OAM state light beam and the second OAM state light beam are respectively output from different output ends.
Wherein the path of the reflected light beam is on the same horizontal plane as the path of the incident light beam.
According to
Calculating the probability that the first OAM state light beam is output from a first output end; according to
Calculating the probability that the first OAM state light beam is output from a second output end; according to
Calculating the probability that the second OAM state light beam is output from the first output end; according to
The calculating is performed to calculate the probability that the second OAM state light beam is output from the second output terminal.
l1Represents a first OAM state,/2Indicating a second OAM state, alpha indicating a second set angle and delta indicating a first set phase.
As a preferred specific implementation manner, in this embodiment, a first quarter-wave plate is disposed between the input end and the wave plate set; the first one-half wave plate is used for adjusting the amplitude ratio of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the incident light beam.
The wave plate set sequentially comprises a first quarter wave plate, a second half wave plate and a second quarter wave plate according to the direction of a light path.
As a preferred specific implementation manner, in this embodiment, a first compensation crystal is disposed between the first polarization beam splitter and the first Porro prism; wherein the conversion of the polarization of the reflected light beam and the optical path length of the reflected light beam are adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the first compensation crystal.
A second compensation crystal and an oblique prism are sequentially arranged between the first polarization beam splitter and the second Porro prism; wherein the conversion of the polarization of the transmitted beam and the optical path length of the transmitted beam are adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the second compensation crystal; the oblique angle prism is used for converting the first light path to enable the converted first light path and the path of the incident beam to be on the same horizontal plane; the starting point of the first light path is the second Porro prism, and the end point of the first light path is the oblique angle prism.
And a third half wave plate is arranged between the first polarization beam splitter and the second polarization beam splitter.
Example two
As shown in fig. 1, the orbital angular momentum beam splitter (hereinafter referred to as OAM beam splitter) provided in this embodiment is composed of two polarization beam splitters, two Porro prisms, some wave plates, and a compensation crystal.
When the light beam with the OAM state of | l > enters the OAM beam splitter from the input end a, an incident light beam is formed, and the incident light beam sequentially passes through the half-wave plate HWP1, the quarter-wave plate QWP1, the half-wave plate HWP2, and the quarter-wave plate QWP2 to form a modified light beam. Among them, the half-wave plate HWP1 is used to adjust the amplitude ratio of the horizontal polarization component (| H >) and the vertical polarization component (| V >) of the incident light beam. The quarter-wave plate QWP1, the half-wave plate HWP2 and the quarter-wave plate QWP2 are combined for adjusting the relative phase difference e of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization componentiδ。
The OAM state of the adjusted light beam before being incident on the polarizing beam splitter PBS1 is (e)iδ|H〉b+|V〉b)|l〉b. The polarization beam splitter PBS1 divides the adjusted light beam into OAM state of | Vc|-l〉cIs in the OAM state ofiδ|H〉e|l＞eWherein | -l >)cThe negative sign of (a) comes from the reflection in polarizing beam splitter PBS 1; the subscripts a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j indicate the specific location of the beam in the OAM splitter.
In the reflected beam path there is a compensating crystal C1 and a Porro prism PP 1. The conversion of the light polarization and the optical path length of the reflected beam are adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the compensation crystal C1. After two total internal reflections, the Porro prism PP1 causes the light beam to propagate in reverse to the polarizing beamsplitter PBS1, i.e. the reflected light beam enters the Porro prism PP1 after passing through the compensation crystal C1 and enters the compensation crystal C1 again after passing through two total internal reflections in the Porro prism PP 1. The entire reflected beam path is in the same horizontal plane as the incident beam path. After passing through the compensating crystal C1 and the Porro prism PP1, the OAM state | V > of the reflected beamc|-l＞cEvolution to | H >d|-l>d。
In the path of the transmitted beamIn the diameter are a compensating crystal C2, a bevel prism BP and a Porro prism PP 2. Here, the compensation crystal C2 is used to adjust the polarization of light. Similar to the Porro prism PP1, the Porro prism PP2 also enables the light beam to propagate in the opposite direction. In contrast, the Porro prism PP2 is rotated relative to the Porro prism PP1 by a set angle α such that the transmitted beam path is out of the horizontal plane of the incident beam path. In this case, the Porro prism PP2 will impart a mode dependent phase shift | l to the OAM state>f→|l>gei2lαThe transmitted beam path is then dragged back into the horizontal plane where the incident beam path is located by the angled prism BP. The compensation crystal C2, the bevel prism BP and the Porro prism PP2 together complete the process from the OAM state to the e stateiδ|H>e|l>eTo OAM state as ei(2lα+δ)|V>h|l>hThe conversion of (1).
Finally, OAM state is | H>d|-l>dIs in the OAM state ofi(2lα+δ)|V>h|l>hThe light beams are completely overlapped in the polarization beam splitter PBS1 and then enter the polarization beam splitter PBS2 through the half wave plate HWP 3. It can be calculated that the OAM states at the output terminal i and the output terminal j of the polarization beam splitter PBS2 are (1+ e), respectivelyi2lαeiδ)|H>i|-l>iAnd (1-e)i2lαeiδ)|V＞j|l>j. The corresponding probability formula is
Table 1 relationship table between parameters (α, δ) and OAM status output port
Table 1 shows the relationship between the parameters (α, δ) and the OAM status output port. Where m represents an integer, n represents a positive integer, √ denotes the presence of a photon, and x denotes the absence of a photon. Both the probability equations and table 1 indicate that by choosing appropriate values for α and δ, the OAM splitter provided in this embodiment can separate the two sets of OAM states from each other.
When alpha is pi/2 and delta is pi, P is obtained by calculationi(2m-1)＝1，Pj(2m-1)＝0，Pi(2m) ═ 0 and Pj(2m) ═ 1, which means that two OAM state sets { |2m-1>And 2m>Will be separated from each other and output from output i and output j, respectively. When m is 1, the experimental result is shown in fig. 2. When input OAM state is | l ═ 1>Only the output i can detect photons. When input OAM state is | l ═ 2>Only the output j can detect a photon.
When alpha is pi/4 and delta is pi/2, P is obtained by calculationi(4m-1)＝1，Pj(4m-1)＝0，Pi(4m-3) ═ 0 and Pj(4m-3) ═ 1, which means that two OAM state sets { |4m-1>4m-3>Will be separated from each other and output from output i and output j, respectively. When m is 1, the experimental results are shown in fig. 3. When input OAM state is | l ═ 1>Only the output j can detect a photon. When input OAM state is | l ═ 2>Only the output i can detect photons.
The embodiment enables any two different OAM states to be separated by the OAM splitter provided by the embodiment by selecting the appropriate parameters α and δ. Let two OAM states be | l1>And | l2> - [2 (l) ]2-l1)]，δ＝l1π/(l1-l2) P is obtained by calculating with probability formulai(l1)＝1，Pj(l1)＝0，Pi(l2) 0, and Pj(l2) This means that the OAM state is | l1> photons and OAM states of l2The > photons will be output from output i and output j, respectively. When alpha is pi/[ 2 (l)1-l2)]，δ＝l2π/(l2-l1) P is obtained by calculating with probability formulai(l1)＝0，Pj(l1)＝1，Pi(l2) 1 and Pj(l2) This means that the OAM state is | l1>Is in the photon and OAM state of2>Will be output from output j and output i, respectively.
The beam splitter provided by the invention can efficiently separate the OAM state, and the separated OAM state cannot be damaged. And do not contain Dove prism, can integrate into a whole, convenient to use.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An orbital angular momentum beam splitter is characterized by comprising a wave plate group, a first polarization beam splitter, a second polarization beam splitter, a first Porro prism and a second Porro prism;
the optical beam with two different OAM states enters from the input end to form an incident beam, and the incident beam enters the first polarization beam splitter after being adjusted by the wave plate set; after passing through the first polarization beam splitter, the adjusted light beam is split into a reflected light beam and a transmitted light beam; the reflected light beam is overlapped in the first polarization beam splitter after being subjected to total internal reflection of the first Porro prism and the transmitted light beam after being subjected to total internal reflection of the second Porro prism to form an overlapped light beam, then the overlapped light beam is split by the second polarization beam splitter to form a first OAM state light beam and a second OAM state light beam, and the first OAM state light beam and the second OAM state light beam are respectively output from different output ends;
the wave plate group adjusts the relative phase difference of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the incident beam according to a first set phase; the second Porro prism is rotated by a second set angle relative to the first Porro prism;
a second compensation crystal and an oblique prism are sequentially arranged between the first polarization beam splitter and the second Porro prism; wherein the conversion of the polarization of the transmitted beam and the optical path length of the transmitted beam are adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the second compensation crystal; the oblique angle prism is used for converting the first light path to enable the converted first light path and the path of the incident beam to be on the same horizontal plane; the starting point of the first light path is the second Porro prism, and the end point of the first light path is the oblique angle prism.
2. An orbital angular momentum beam splitter as claimed in claim 1 wherein a first quarter waveplate is provided between said input end and said set of waveplates; the first one-half wave plate is used for adjusting the amplitude ratio of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the incident light beam.
3. The orbital angular momentum beam splitter of claim 1, wherein the waveplate group comprises a first quarter waveplate, a second half waveplate and a second quarter waveplate in this order in the optical path direction.
4. An orbital angular momentum beam splitter as claimed in claim 1 wherein a first compensating crystal is disposed between said first polarizing beam splitter and said first Porro prism; wherein the conversion of the polarization of the reflected light beam and the optical path length of the reflected light beam are adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the first compensation crystal.
5. An orbital angular momentum beam splitter as claimed in claim 1 wherein a third half wave plate is disposed between said first polarizing beam splitter and said second polarizing beam splitter.
6. An orbital angular momentum beam splitter as claimed in claim 1 wherein
Calculating the probability that the first OAM state light beam is output from a first output end; according to
Calculating the probability that the first OAM state light beam is output from a second output end; according to
Calculating the probability that the second OAM state light beam is output from the first output end; according to
The calculation of the probability of the second OAM state light beam output from the second output end;
wherein l1Represents a first OAM state,/2Indicating a second OAM state, alpha indicating a second set angle and delta indicating a first set phase.
7. An orbital angular momentum beam splitter as claimed in claim 1 wherein the path of the reflected beam is in the same horizontal plane as the path of the incident beam.
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