CN113311574B - Infrared and visible light dual-purpose vehicle-mounted large-view-field lens and correction method thereof - Google Patents
Infrared and visible light dual-purpose vehicle-mounted large-view-field lens and correction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an infrared and visible light dual-purpose vehicle-mounted large-field-of-view lens and a correction method thereof, wherein a first optical group, a second optical group, an aperture diaphragm, a third optical group and a fourth optical group are sequentially arranged from an object side to an image side along an optical axis; the first optical group G1 is capable of concentrating and reducing wide field incident light at field angles in excess of 120 deg., the first optical group G1 having negative optical power; the second optical group G2 can reduce the axial chromatic aberration and spherical chromatic aberration of the system, and the second optical group G2 has positive diopter; the third optical group G3 is for reducing aberrations, having positive power; the fourth optical group G4 is used to complete the final imaging task, having positive optical power. The field angle of the lens exceeds 180 degrees, and the lens has the advantages of large aperture, large field angle, low chromatic aberration and low aberration, and can be used as a vehicle-mounted reversing lens and a vehicle event data recorder lens by combining a distortion correction algorithm and a circuit control system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photography and the field of intersection of automatic driving and artificial intelligence, and particularly relates to an infrared and visible light dual-purpose vehicle-mounted large-view-field lens and a correction method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the vehicle-mounted lens has wider application market and requirements, if the vehicle-mounted lens is arranged around a vehicle, the requirement of imaging of the vehicle in all directions without dead angles can be met, driving assistance and safety guarantee are provided for a driver, and corresponding help can be provided for unmanned detection and monitoring. But the quality and specifications of the lens also limit the development of on-board large field lenses. Therefore, the requirements for the vehicular lens are higher and higher, and not only the vehicular lens is required to have better optical imaging quality, but also the total length of the lens is required to be shortened. In addition, the vehicle-mounted lens is often used for backing images at night, so that a certain night vision capability is also required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vehicle-mounted large-field-of-view lens with excellent optical performance and imaging quality, which is used for solving the existing problems and can be applied to an infrared mode and a visible light mode. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the vehicle-mounted large-field-of-view lens for infrared and visible light comprises a first optical group G1, a second optical group G2, an aperture stop ST, a third optical group G3 and a fourth optical group G4 in sequence from an object side to an image side along an optical axis; each lens of each optical group comprises an object side surface facing to the object side and an image side surface facing to the image side, and at least one of the surfaces is aspheric.
The first optical group G1 is capable of concentrating and reducing wide field of view incident light at field angles in excess of 120 °. The first optical group G1 has a negative diopter. The first optical group G1 includes a first lens, a second lens, and a third lens in order from the object side to the image side. Wherein, the first lens is a convex-concave lens with negative diopter; the second lens is a convex-concave lens with negative diopter; the third lens is a biconcave lens with negative diopter.
Further, the side of the first lens facing the object is aspheric for correcting high-order astigmatism, and in order to ensure the collection capability of the first lens for large-field light rays, the lens should satisfy the following conditions: D11/R11 is more than 0.60; to ensure the compactness of the first optical lens group, the lenses should satisfy: D11/R11 is less than 0.65, D12/R12 is less than 0.95. Wherein, D11 is the half aperture of the object-side surface of the first lens element, R11 is the radius of curvature of the object-side surface of the first lens element 1, D12 is the half aperture of the first lens element, and R12 is the radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the first lens element. The second lens and the third lens are mainly used for transmitting subsequent light rays, and in the invention, the second lens adopts a convex-concave lens; the third lens adopts a biconcave lens.
Further, to make the whole system compact, the ratio of The Total Length (TTL) to the Effective Focal Length (EFL), i.e., TTL/EFL, of the first optics group G1 needs to be less than-5.8.
The second optical group G2 has positive refractive power and can reduce system axial chromatic aberration, spherical chromatic aberration, or provide a wavelength-dependent aspheric surface. The second optical group G2 includes a fourth lens, a fifth lens, and a sixth lens in order from the object side to the image side. Wherein, the fourth lens is a convex-concave lens with positive diopter; the fifth lens is a biconvex lens with positive diopter; the sixth lens is a biconcave lens with positive diopter.
Further, the fourth lens and the fifth lens constitute a group of cemented lenses. The fourth lens adopts glass with refractive index of 1.593 and chromatic dispersion of 68.3; the fifth lens was made of glass having a refractive index of 1.835 and a dispersion of 42.7. The fourth lens element is aspheric on the side facing the object.
Further, the sixth lens element is aspheric on the image side. In order to ensure the beam-converging capability of the sixth lens on the light with a large field of view, the lens should satisfy the following conditions: D61/R61 is less than 0.54, and D62/R62 is less than 0.33. Wherein D61 is the half aperture of the object-side surface of the sixth lens element, R61 is the radius of curvature of the object-side surface of the sixth lens element, D62 is the half aperture of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element, and R62 is the radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element.
The third optical group G3 has positive power for reducing aberrations. The third optical group G3 includes a seventh lens, an eighth lens, and a ninth lens in this order from the object side to the image side. Wherein, the seventh lens is a plano-convex lens or a quasi-plano-convex lens with positive diopter; the eighth lens is a biconvex lens with negative diopter; the ninth lens is a plano-concave lens or a quasi-plano-concave lens with positive diopter. The third optical group does not contain an aspheric surface.
Further, the side of the seventh lens facing the object side is a plane. The aperture diaphragm is arranged on the object side face of the seventh lens, and is convenient to manufacture and install.
Further, the eighth lens and the ninth lens constitute a cemented lens set. The eighth lens adopts glass with refractive index of 1.593 and chromatic dispersion of 68.3; the ninth lens was made of glass having a refractive index of 1.847 and a dispersion of 23.7. The ninth lens is a plane on one side facing the image space, and is convenient to manufacture and install.
The fourth optical group G4 has positive optical power and completes the final imaging task. The fourth optical group G4 includes a tenth lens and a flat plate in order from the object side to the image side. Wherein, the tenth lens is a plano-convex lens or a quasi-plano-convex lens with positive diopter; the flat plate is an optical flat plate and has the functions of reducing image distance and reducing the size of an imaging plane.
Furthermore, the side surface of the tenth lens facing the object is a plane, so that the tenth lens is convenient to actually install. In addition, the beam-converging capacity of the tenth lens for light rays is ensured, and the lens should meet the following requirements: D102/R102 > -0.38. Wherein D102 is a half aperture of the image-side surface of the tenth lens element, and R102 is a radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the tenth lens element.
Further, the flat plate material may be glass or plastic. The specific thickness of the material can be changed according to different refractive indexes of the material. P-CARBO plastic is used in the following examples with a thickness of 2.35. Glass having a refractive index of 1.593 and a dispersion of 68.3, in this case a thickness of 5.28, may also be used.
In general, the F number of the image area of the lens system is 2.0, the FOV exceeds 180 °, the effective focal length EFL is 3.29mm, the image height is 6mm, and the OAL is 48.6 mm. More, the lens system of the present invention can be used for visible and infrared bands. When the method is independently applied to a single wave band, a corresponding cut-off filter is added in front of a final imaging surface. In addition, the onboard large field of view lens may be scaled to accommodate other sizes of CCD or CMOS devices, such as one-quarter, one-half, two-thirds, or even one inch, where the focal length and image height are scaled in synchronization, and the geometry of the lens itself is scaled accordingly.
In view of the fact that the image generated by the vehicle-mounted large-field-of-view lens with the dual-purpose of infrared light and visible light has barrel-shaped distortion, the invention corrects the distortion, and the proposed correction algorithm is as follows.
Setting the central point of the image plane of the large-field lens as O point, setting the optical axis as OZ, selecting any direction perpendicular to OZ to establish coordinate axis OX, determining coordinate axis OY according to right-hand rule, setting the coordinate of any point in space as P (x, y, z), and making rays OP pointing to the origin, OP and projected hemispherical surface x 2 +y 2 +z 2 ＝r 2 (z>0,r>0) Intersect at a point P 1 ，P 1 The projection point on the image plane is P 2 The image plane is an XY plane, P 2 I.e. the imaged point of point P (x, y, z). For distortion correction of the large-field-of-view image, namely for any point in a given space, a pixel coordinate point corresponding to the point in the large-field-of-view distorted image is found.
Suppose P 2 The coordinates of the point on the OXY plane are (u, v), the following formula can be obtained:
obtaining the following after coordinate normalization:
the mutual corresponding relation between the pixel coordinate point of the distorted image with the large view field and each coordinate point of the corrected image can be obtained according to the formula, and the distortion correction of the distorted image with the large view field can be realized by carrying out coordinate transformation on each coordinate point of the corrected and displayed image once. Generally, after the CCD acquires information, image processing can be performed by computer software or FPGA to correct the image into a perspective projection image according with the visual habits of people.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the vehicle-mounted large-field-of-view lens with the infrared and visible light dual purposes has the advantages of large aperture, large field angle, low chromatic aberration and low aberration, and can have multiple functions such as reversing images, night vision images, driving recording and the like by combining a distortion correction algorithm and a circuit control system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a light reference diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the field profile of visible light at 435-656nm according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of aberration curves of visible light at 435-656nm according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a field curvature diagram of infrared light 800-;
FIG. 6 is a graph of aberration for infrared light 800-;
fig. 7 is a circuit control system.
Reference numbers in fig. 1: 1-first lens, 2-second lens, 3-third lens, 4-fourth lens, 5-fifth lens, 6-sixth lens, 7-seventh lens, 8-eighth lens, 9-ninth lens, 10-tenth lens, 11-flat plate.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
The basic structure of the large-field lens shown in fig. 1 is the on-vehicle large-field lens designed in this embodiment, and includes, in order along the optical axis from the object side to the image side, a first optical group G1, a second optical group G2, an aperture stop ST, a third optical group G3, and a fourth optical group G4.
The first optical group G1 has negative refractive power. The first optical group G1 includes a first lens 1, a second lens 2, and a third lens 3 in order from the object side to the image side. Wherein, the first lens 1 is a convex-concave lens with negative diopter; the second lens 2 is a convex-concave lens with negative diopter; the third lens 3 is a biconcave lens with negative diopter.
The second optical group G2 has positive refractive power. The second optical group G2 includes a fourth lens 4, a fifth lens 5, and a sixth lens 6 in this order from the object side to the image side. Wherein, the fourth lens 4 is a convex-concave lens with positive diopter; the fifth lens 5 is a biconvex lens with positive diopter; the sixth lens 6 is a biconcave lens with positive diopter.
The third optical group G3 has positive refractive power and can be used to reduce aberrations. The third optical group G3 includes a seventh lens 7, an eighth lens 8, and a ninth lens 9 in this order from the object side to the image side. Wherein, the seventh lens 7 is a plano-convex lens or a quasi-plano-convex lens with positive diopter; the eighth lens 8 is a biconvex lens with negative diopter; the ninth lens 9 is a plano-concave lens or a quasi-plano-concave lens having a positive refractive power. The third optical group does not contain an aspheric surface.
The fourth optical group G4 has positive refractive power. The fourth optical group G4 includes a tenth lens 10 and a flat plate 11 in order from the object side to the image side. Wherein, the tenth lens 10 is a plano-convex lens or a quasi-plano-convex lens with positive diopter; the plate 11 is an optical plate.
Fig. 2 is a light ray reference diagram of the large-field lens, and it can be clearly seen that light rays at various angles are focused on an imaging plane after passing through a lens system.
The detailed optical data of this embodiment are shown in Table 1-1.
Table 1-1 detailed optical data for example one
In this embodiment, the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the second lens element 2, the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the third lens element 3, and the object-side surface of the seventh lens element 7 are defined by the following aspheric curve formulas:
wherein:
z is the depth of the aspheric surface;
c is the curvature of the aspheric vertex;
k is the cone coefficient;
r is
A radial distance;
r n is a normalized radius;
u is r/rn;
a m is mth order Q con A coefficient;
Q m con is mth order Q con A polynomial;
for details of parameters of each aspheric surface, please refer to the following table:
| surface of | K | a 4 | a 6 | a 8 | a 10 |
| 11 | 5.796E-01 | 2.575E-06 | 1.163E-08 | -8.462E-011 | 1.258E-013 |
| 41 | 1.248 | -7.517E-06 | 4.410E-08 | 4.244E-10 | -2.435E-012 |
| 62 | 3.416E-02 | 1.720E-06 | -3.386E-07 | 1.123E-08 | 4.206E-012 |
The resolution of the visible light portion of this embodiment is shown in fig. 3 and 4. As can be seen from fig. 3, as the field angle becomes larger, the lens distortion becomes larger, and a large-field lens distortion correction algorithm needs to be used to correct the distortion. According to fig. 4, it can be seen that the aberration of the light ray is at a relatively low level in the range of 0 ° to 90 ° in the half field of view at three wavelengths (656nm, 587nm and 486nm) of the visible light of the large field lens.
The resolution of the infrared portion of this embodiment is shown in fig. 5 and 6. As can be seen from fig. 5, as the field angle becomes larger, the lens distortion becomes larger, so that it is necessary to correct the distortion by using a large-field lens distortion correction algorithm. According to fig. 6, it can be seen that the aberration of light is at a relatively low level at two infrared wavelengths (800nm and 1000nm) of the large field lens, and in the range of 0 ° to 90 ° in the half field. Although the infrared portion is slightly inferior to the visible portion, it is still within an acceptable range.
On the whole, the infrared and visible light dual-purpose vehicle-mounted large-view-field lens is good in resolution and high in resolution.
In this embodiment, the image F of the large-field lens is 2.0, the field angle FOV is 180 °, the effective focal length EFL is 3.29mm, the image height is 6mm, and the OAL is 48.6 mm.
Then, carrying out distortion correction:
the mutual corresponding relation between the pixel coordinate point of the distorted image with the large view field and each coordinate point of the corrected image can be obtained according to the formula, and the distortion correction of the image with the large view field can be realized by carrying out coordinate transformation on the coordinate point of each corrected display image once.
The embodiment has the advantages of large aperture, large field angle, low chromatic aberration and low aberration, and can have multiple functions of reversing images, night vision images, driving records and the like by combining a distortion correction algorithm and a circuit control system.
The infrared and visible light dual-purpose vehicle-mounted large-view-field lens can be normally applied to a vehicle-mounted system only by matching with a circuit control system, wherein the circuit control system consists of a CCD (the CCD uses the lens designed by the invention), a sequential logic module and a signal processing module, the relation is shown in figure 7, the CCD can select a visible light standard CCD and an infrared standard CCD, and the conversion is carried out through a mechanical structure. The timing logic module and the signal processing module may employ sony corporation solution CXD2463+ CXA 1310. The control system should also include a software interface directly facing the user, through which the operating parameters of the system can be set, which is not described herein again.
The above-listed series of detailed descriptions are merely specific illustrations of possible embodiments of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent means or modifications that do not depart from the technical spirit of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The vehicle-mounted large-field-of-view lens for both infrared and visible light is characterized in that a first optical group G1, a second optical group G2, an aperture stop ST, a third optical group G3 and a fourth optical group G4 are arranged in sequence from the object side to the image side along the optical axis direction; each lens of each optical group comprises an object side surface and an image side surface, and at least one surface of the lenses is an aspheric surface;
the first optical group G1 has negative diopter;
the second optical group G2 is used for reducing system axial chromatic aberration, spherical chromatic aberration or providing an aspheric surface which changes along with wavelength; the second optical group G2 has positive diopter;
the third optical group G3 is for reducing aberrations, the third optical group G3 has positive power;
the fourth optical group G4 is used to complete the final imaging task, the fourth optical group G4 has positive diopters;
the first optical group G1 comprises a first lens (1), a second lens (2) and a third lens (3) from an object side to an image side in sequence; wherein, the first lens (1) is a convex-concave lens with negative diopter; the second lens (2) is a convex-concave lens with negative diopter; the third lens (3) is a biconcave lens with negative diopter;
the side of the first lens (1) facing the object space is an aspheric surface for correcting high-order astigmatism, and in order to ensure the collection capacity of the first lens for large-field light rays, the first lens meets the following requirements: D11/R11 is more than 0.60; to ensure the compactness of the first optical lens group, the lenses should satisfy: D11/R11 is less than 0.65, D12/R12 is less than 0.95; wherein D11 is the half aperture of the object side surface of the first lens (1), R11 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the first lens (1), D12 is the half aperture of the first lens (1), and R12 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the first lens (1);
the second lens (2) and the third lens (3) are used for transmitting subsequent light rays, the second lens (2) adopts a convex-concave lens, and the third lens (3) adopts a double-concave lens;
the second optical group G2 comprises a fourth lens (4), a fifth lens (5) and a sixth lens (6) in sequence from the object side to the image side; wherein, the fourth lens (4) is a convex-concave lens with positive diopter; the fifth lens (5) is a biconvex lens with positive diopter; the sixth lens (6) is a convex-concave lens with positive diopter;
the fourth lens (4) adopts glass with the refractive index of 1.593 and the chromatic dispersion of 68.3; the fifth lens (5) adopts glass with the refractive index of 1.835 and the dispersion of 42.7; one side of the fourth lens (4) facing the object space is an aspheric surface;
one side of the sixth lens (6) facing the image space is an aspheric surface, and in order to ensure the beam-converging capability of the sixth lens (6) to the large-field light, the lens should meet the following requirements: D61/R61 is less than 0.54, D62/R62 is less than 0.33; wherein D61 is the half aperture of the object side surface of the sixth lens (6), R61 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the sixth lens (6), D62 is the half aperture of the image side surface of the sixth lens (6), and R62 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the sixth lens (6);
the fourth lens (4) and the fifth lens (5) form a group of cemented lenses;
the third optical group G3 comprises a seventh lens (7), an eighth lens (8) and a ninth lens (9) in sequence from the object side to the image side; wherein, the seventh lens (7) is a plano-convex lens or a quasi-plano-convex lens with positive diopter; the eighth lens (8) is a biconvex lens with negative diopter; the ninth lens (9) is a convex-concave lens with positive diopter;
one side of the seventh lens (7) facing the object space is a plane; the aperture diaphragm is arranged on the object side surface of the seventh lens (7), so that the manufacturing and the installation are convenient;
the eighth lens (8) is made of glass with the refractive index of 1.593 and the chromatic dispersion of 68.3; the ninth lens (9) is made of glass with the refractive index of 1.847 and the chromatic dispersion of 23.7;
the eighth lens (8) and the ninth lens (9) form a group of cemented lenses;
the fourth optical group G4 comprises a tenth lens (10) and a flat plate (11) from the object side to the image side in sequence; wherein, the tenth lens (10) is a plano-convex lens or a quasi-plano-convex lens with positive diopter; the flat plate 11 is an optical flat plate and has the functions of reducing the image distance and reducing the size of an imaging surface;
the side surface of the tenth lens (10) facing the object is a plane, so that the actual installation is convenient; in order to ensure the light collection capacity of the tenth lens (10), the lens meets the following requirements: D102/R102 > -0.38, wherein D102 is the half aperture of the image side surface of the tenth lens (10), and R102 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the tenth lens (10);
the flat plate (11) can be made of glass or plastic, and when P-CARBO plastic is adopted, the thickness of the flat plate is 2.35; when glass having a refractive index of 1.593 and a dispersion of 68.3 is used, its thickness is 5.28.
2. The infrared and visible light dual-purpose vehicle-mounted large-field-of-view lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein when said dual-purpose vehicle-mounted large-field-of-view lens is applied to a single wavelength band, a corresponding cut-off filter is added in front of a final imaging surface.
3. The infrared and visible dual-purpose vehicle-mounted large-field-of-view lens according to claim 1, wherein when the size of the CCD or CMOS device is changed, the focal length and image height of the lens are correspondingly scaled, and the geometric size of the lens itself is also scaled accordingly.
4. Vehicle-mounted large-field-of-view lens applied to claim 1The image correction method is characterized in that the central point of the image surface of the large-field-of-view lens is set as an O point, the optical axis is set as an OZ, any direction perpendicular to the OZ is selected to establish a coordinate axis OX, the coordinate axis OY is determined according to the right-hand rule, the coordinate of any point in the space is set as P (x, y, z), and rays OP and OP pointing to the origin and a projection hemispherical surface x are made 2 +y 2 +z 2 ＝r 2 (z>0,r>0) Intersect at a point P 1 ，P 1 The projection point on the image plane is P 2 The image plane is an XY plane, P 2 I.e. the imaging point of point P (x, y, z); for distortion correction of the large-field-of-view image, namely for any point in a given space, finding a pixel coordinate point corresponding to the point in the large-field-of-view distorted image;
suppose P 2 The coordinates of the point in the OXY plane are (u, v), resulting in the following equation:
obtaining the following after coordinate normalization:
the mutual corresponding relation between the pixel coordinate point of the distorted image with the large view field and each coordinate point of the corrected image can be obtained according to the formula, and the distortion correction of the image can be realized by carrying out coordinate transformation on each coordinate point of the corrected and displayed image once.
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN211180372U (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-08-04 | 厦门力鼎光电股份有限公司 | Optical imaging lens |
| CN212276084U (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-01-01 | 厦门力鼎光电股份有限公司 | High definition fisheye lens |
| CN112363304A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-02-12 | 深圳市雷影光电科技有限公司 | Ultra-wide angle optical imaging system and optical equipment |
| CN112558278A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-26 | 深圳市雷影光电科技有限公司 | Large-aperture optical imaging system and optical equipment |
| CN112698500A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-04-23 | 广东奥普特科技股份有限公司 | High-resolution fixed-focus lens and camera |
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