CN113311267A - Electrical fire fault simulation method - Google Patents
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electric fire fault simulation method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing an electrical fire fault simulation system; placing a tested product and connecting wires; thirdly, detecting whether the connection of the tested product is qualified; fourthly, selecting a fault simulation type; fifthly, short-circuit fault simulation; sixthly, simulating a heating fault. The invention simulates the electric fire fault caused by short circuit by increasing current, simulates the electric fire fault caused by thermal environment by increasing temperature, acquires the temperature and the form of the tested product and the change of smoke and gas components generated by the combustion of the tested product by using the signal acquisition and control unit, quantitatively analyzes the development state of the electric fire, and greatly improves the authenticity and the reliability of the electric fire fault simulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric fire fault simulation, and particularly relates to an electric fire fault simulation method.
Background
In recent years, with the increasing urbanization process, the number and frequency of use of various electric devices have been on the rapid increase trend. However, the related electrical fire happens occasionally, which not only causes large-scale power failure and influences the transmission of electric energy, but also causes great casualties and economic losses. The electric fire is caused by the fact that electric energy is converted into heat energy due to an electric fault to ignite surrounding combustible materials, and the heat energy cannot be found and controlled in time, so that fire accidents are caused.
In order to better prevent the occurrence of the electrical fire, a plurality of scientific research personnel at home and abroad are dedicated to the research on the occurrence mechanism of the electrical fire. Because the electrical fire belongs to the calamity accident, consequently, study electrical fire accessible electrical fire fault simulation experiment development, but to present existing electrical fire fault simulation device, some places can't adapt to the experiment demand better, and this produces the precision and the reliability of experimental result and influences greatly.
Firstly, the power supply grid has many problems related to the quality of electric energy, and power supply equipment runs for a long time, so that equipment components are easy to age and lose efficacy, the external interference resistance is weakened, the occurrence frequency of faults is increased, and the accuracy of an experimental result is greatly reduced. In addition, in recent years, due to the construction of power grid intellectualization, intelligent power equipment gradually becomes a trend, and the intelligent power equipment not only can improve the anti-interference capability of the equipment, but also can ensure the accuracy of an experimental result.
Secondly, the analysis of the experimental results can only be developed through the experimental phenomenon of the tested product, the quantitative analysis of the experimental data in the experimental process can not be made, and the monitoring of the experimental process can not be implemented, so that the experimental data is lost. Take circuit fault simulation experiment that is heated as an example, the product under test can generate carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide and other gases after its insulating layer burns in the experimentation, also can consume the inside oxygen of experimental apparatus, and the change of these data all can produce certain effect to the analysis experiment result.
Thirdly, partial operation still needs manual operation, so that the potential safety hazard of experimental operation is increased, and automatic operation is not realized. Taking the example of removing and purifying the smoke generated in the experimental process of the operation table, an automatic smoke exhaust device is not added in the device, and if manual operation is adopted, a worker can absorb more or less harmful gas generated in the experiment.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electrical fire fault simulation method aiming at the defects in the prior art, which has the advantages of novel and reasonable design and simple operation, simulates the electrical fire fault caused by short circuit through gradually increasing current, simulates the electrical fire fault caused by thermal environment through gradually increasing temperature, acquires the temperature and the form of a tested product and the change of smoke and gas components generated by combustion of the tested product by using a signal acquisition and control unit, quantitatively analyzes the development state of the electrical fire, greatly improves the authenticity and the reliability of the electrical fire fault simulation, and is convenient for popularization and use.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an electrical fire fault simulation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing an electrical fire fault simulation system: the method comprises the following steps of constructing an electrical fire fault simulation system, wherein the electrical fire fault simulation system comprises a combustion chamber for placing a tested product, a power distribution cabinet for providing a simulation power supply for the tested product, a load cabinet for providing a simulation load for the tested product and a control cabinet for controlling the system to work, the control cabinet comprises a signal acquisition and control unit and a computer connected with the signal acquisition and control unit, a high-speed thermal infrared imager module, a high-speed camera module, a cone calorimeter module, an automatic fire extinguishing module, an automatic smoke discharging module and an air speed sensor module which are all connected with the signal acquisition and control unit are arranged in the combustion chamber, a first voltage and current monitoring module is arranged on a circuit for providing the simulation power supply for the tested product by the power distribution cabinet, and a second voltage and current monitoring module is arranged on a circuit between the tested product and the load cabinet;
placing a tested product and wiring: opening a cabin door of a combustion chamber, placing a tested product on an operation table in the combustion chamber, connecting the tested product into power supply loops of a power distribution cabinet and a load cabinet under the condition of power failure, and closing the cabin door;
step three, detecting whether the wiring of the tested product is qualified: adjusting the load in the load cabinet to the maximum, starting the power distribution cabinet, forming a closed loop among the power distribution cabinet, the tested product and the load cabinet, acquiring the input end voltage and current of the tested product by using a first voltage and current monitoring module, acquiring the input end voltage and current of the tested product by using a second voltage and current monitoring module, and executing the fourth step when the current is stable; when the two current parameters have a difference, the power supply of the power distribution cabinet is closed, and the second step is executed again until the connection of the tested product is qualified;
step four, selecting a fault simulation type: the fault simulation type comprises short-circuit fault simulation and heated fault simulation, and when the short-circuit fault simulation is selected, the fifth step is executed; when the heating fault simulation is selected, executing a step six;
step five, short-circuit fault simulation, the process is as follows:
501, adjusting a load value in a load cabinet, realizing normal power supply of a power distribution cabinet to a tested product and a load in the load cabinet, acquiring input end voltage and current of the tested product by using a first voltage and current monitoring module, acquiring input end voltage and current of the tested product by using a second voltage and current monitoring module, simulating ambient wind speed by using a wind speed sensor module, acquiring state parameters of the tested product by using a high-speed thermal infrared imager module, a high-speed camera module and a cone calorimeter module, and transmitting the state parameters to a computer through a signal acquisition and control unit, wherein the state parameters comprise temperature, form, smoke and gas components of the tested product;
502, under the condition that the power supply voltage of a power distribution cabinet is not changed, adjusting the load value in a load cabinet to reduce the load value in the load cabinet, reducing the resistance value of a main loop of the power distribution cabinet for supplying power to a product to be measured and the load in the load cabinet, increasing the current of the main loop, collecting the input end voltage and the current of the product to be measured by using a first voltage and current monitoring module, collecting the input end voltage and the current of the product to be measured by using a second voltage and current monitoring module, simulating the ambient wind speed by using a wind speed sensor module, collecting the current state parameters of the product to be measured by using a high-speed thermal infrared imager module, a high-speed camera module and a cone calorimeter module, and transmitting the current state parameters to a computer through a signal collecting and controlling unit;
step 503, judging whether the tested product is burnt, and when the tested product is not burnt, executing step 502, further reducing the load value in the load cabinet, and observing the state parameters of the tested product; when the load value in the load cabinet becomes small, the power supply of the power distribution cabinet to the tested product breaks through the tested product to cause the combustion of the tested product, the first voltage and current monitoring module is used for collecting the input end voltage and current of the tested product, the second voltage and current monitoring module is used for collecting the input end voltage and current of the tested product, the high-speed thermal infrared imager module, the high-speed camera module and the cone calorimeter module are used for collecting the current state parameters of the tested product, the current state parameters are transmitted to the computer through the signal collecting and controlling unit, the overcurrent protection module is used for protecting the power distribution cabinet, and the step 504 is executed;
step 504, starting an automatic fire extinguishing module and an automatic smoke discharging module, extinguishing fire for a tested product, and discharging waste gas in a combustion chamber;
step six, simulating a heating fault, wherein the process is as follows:
601, adjusting a load value in a load cabinet, realizing normal power supply of a power distribution cabinet to a tested product and a load in the load cabinet, acquiring input end voltage and current of the tested product by using a first voltage and current monitoring module, acquiring input end voltage and current of the tested product by using a second voltage and current monitoring module, simulating ambient wind speed by using a wind speed sensor module, acquiring state parameters of the tested product by using a high-speed thermal infrared imager module, a high-speed camera module and a cone calorimeter module, and transmitting the state parameters to a computer through a signal acquisition and control unit, wherein the state parameters comprise temperature, form, smoke and gas components of the tested product;
step 602, under the condition that the power supply voltage of a power distribution cabinet and the load in a load cabinet are not changed, a measured product is heated by a heater, the input end voltage and the current of the measured product are collected by a first voltage and current monitoring module, the input end voltage and the current of the measured product are collected by a second voltage and current monitoring module, meanwhile, the ambient wind speed is simulated by a wind speed sensor module, the current state parameters of the measured product are collected by a high-speed thermal infrared imager module, a high-speed camera module and a cone calorimeter module, and the current state parameters are transmitted to a computer through a signal collection and control unit;
603, judging whether the tested product is burnt, and executing 602 when the tested product is not burnt, further increasing the heating temperature of the heater, and observing the state parameters of the tested product; when the heating temperature of the heater rises and causes the burning of the product to be detected, a first voltage and current monitoring module is used for collecting the input end voltage and current of the product to be detected, a second voltage and current monitoring module is used for collecting the input end voltage and current of the product to be detected, a high-speed thermal infrared imager module, a high-speed camera module and a cone calorimeter module are used for collecting the current state parameters of the product to be detected, the current state parameters are transmitted to a computer through a signal collecting and controlling unit, an overcurrent protection module is used for protecting a power distribution cabinet, and the step 604 is executed;
and step 604, starting the automatic fire extinguishing module and the automatic smoke discharging module, extinguishing the fire of the tested product, and discharging waste gas in the combustion chamber.
The electric fire fault simulation method is characterized in that: the load cabinet comprises a programmable alternating current electronic load and a programmable direct current electronic load, the programmable alternating current electronic load and the programmable direct current electronic load are connected with a tested product through a second relay, and the first relay and the second relay are synchronously controlled by a signal acquisition and control unit;
when the tested product is an alternating current product, the signal acquisition and control unit synchronously controls the first relay and the second relay to gate the program-controlled alternating current power supply and the program-controlled alternating current electronic load;
when the tested product is a direct current product, the signal acquisition and control unit synchronously controls the first relay and the second relay to gate the program-controlled direct current power supply and the program-controlled direct current electronic load;
and the program-controlled alternating current electronic load and the program-controlled direct current electronic load are automatically controlled by the signal acquisition and control unit.
The electric fire fault simulation method is characterized in that: the signal acquisition and control unit comprises a PCI acquisition card and a controller connected with the PCI acquisition card, wherein the controller is an ARM controller, and the ARM controller is connected with a peripheral and a computer through a serial port communication module.
The electric fire fault simulation method is characterized in that: the output voltage range of the program-controlled alternating current power supply is 0V or more and U or less than 600V, the output frequency range is 45Hz or more and f or less than 70Hz, an input power factor improving circuit is built in the program-controlled alternating current power supply, and the power factor PF or more is 0.95 or more; the output voltage range of the program-controlled direct-current power supply is more than or equal to 0V and less than or equal to 650V, the precision is less than or equal to 0.1V, the current output range is more than or equal to 0A and less than or equal to I and less than or equal to 300A, and the highest output power is 15 kW.
The electric fire fault simulation method is characterized in that: the program-controlled alternating current electronic load is a three-phase alternating current electronic load, and the alternating current dynamic load is 10 kW; the direct current load of the program-controlled direct current electronic load is not less than 0kW and not more than P and not more than 18kW, and the instantaneous overpower load is greater than the rated power.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the power distribution cabinet is arranged to provide electric energy required by an electrical fire fault simulation test experiment, the program-controlled alternating-current power supply and the program-controlled direct-current power supply are arranged in the power distribution cabinet, so that the power supply requirements of different product types and different voltages are met, the combustion chamber provides a test environment for a tested product, and the load cabinet provides load capacity for the tested product; the switch board is the control centre of whole electric fire trouble analog system, convenient to popularize and use.
2. The invention collects the data of the high-speed thermal infrared imager module, the high-speed camera module, the cone calorimeter module and the wind speed sensor module through the signal collecting and controlling unit, controls the automatic fire extinguishing module and the automatic smoke discharging module to work, obtains the temperature and the shape of a tested product and the change of smoke and gas components generated by the combustion of the tested product by using the signal collecting and controlling unit, quantitatively analyzes the development state of an electrical fire, greatly improves the authenticity and the reliability of the electrical fire fault simulation, and has good use effect; the power distribution cabinet is provided with a first voltage and current monitoring module on a circuit for providing a simulation power supply for a detected product, a second voltage and current monitoring module is arranged on a circuit between the detected product and the load cabinet, a current signal and a voltage drop condition of the detected product are collected, and the resistance value of the detected product is reflected by the side face to change.
3. The method adopted by the invention has simple steps, simulates the electric fire fault caused by short circuit through the gradually increased current, also simulates the electric fire fault caused by a thermal environment through the gradually increased temperature, acquires the temperature and the form of the tested product and the change of smoke and gas components generated by the combustion of the tested product by using the signal acquisition and control unit, quantitatively analyzes the development state of the electric fire, provides reliable data rule reference for the electric fire fault, and is convenient for popularization and use.
In conclusion, the invention has novel and reasonable design, simulates the electric fire fault caused by short circuit through gradually-increased current, also simulates the electric fire fault caused by thermal environment through gradually-increased temperature, acquires the temperature and the form of the tested product and the change of smoke and gas components generated by combustion of the tested product by using the signal acquisition and control unit, quantitatively analyzes the development state of the electric fire, greatly improves the authenticity and the reliability of the electric fire fault simulation, and is convenient for popularization and use.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block flow diagram of the method of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1, a power distribution cabinet; 2-the product to be tested; 3-load cabinet;
4-control cabinet; 5-program-controlled alternating current power supply; 6-program-controlled direct-current power supply;
7-a first relay; 8-a second relay;
11-program-controlled alternating current electronic load; 12-program-controlled direct current electronic load;
13-a computer; 14-signal acquisition and control unit;
15-a first voltage and current monitoring module; 16-a high-speed thermal infrared imager module;
17-a high-speed camera module; 18-a cone calorimeter module;
19-automatic fire extinguishing module; 20, an automatic smoke exhausting module;
21-a wind speed sensor module; and 22, a second voltage and current monitoring module.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the method for simulating an electrical fire fault according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing an electrical fire fault simulation system: the method comprises the following steps of constructing an electrical fire fault simulation system, wherein the electrical fire fault simulation system comprises a combustion chamber for placing a tested product, a power distribution cabinet for providing a simulation power supply for the tested product, a load cabinet for providing a simulation load for the tested product and a control cabinet for controlling the system to work, the control cabinet comprises a signal acquisition and control unit and a computer connected with the signal acquisition and control unit, a high-speed thermal infrared imager module, a high-speed camera module, a cone calorimeter module, an automatic fire extinguishing module, an automatic smoke discharging module and an air speed sensor module which are all connected with the signal acquisition and control unit are arranged in the combustion chamber, a first voltage and current monitoring module is arranged on a circuit for providing the simulation power supply for the tested product by the power distribution cabinet, and a second voltage and current monitoring module is arranged on a circuit between the tested product and the load cabinet;
it should be noted that the power distribution cabinet 1 is arranged to provide electric energy required by an electrical fire fault simulation test experiment, the power distribution cabinet 1 is internally provided with the program-controlled alternating-current power supply 5 and the program-controlled direct-current power supply 6, power supply requirements of different product types and different voltages are met, the combustion chamber provides a test environment for a tested product, and the load cabinet 3 provides load capacity for the tested product; the control cabinet 4 is a control center of the whole electrical fire fault simulation system; the signal acquisition and control unit 14 is used for acquiring data of the high-speed thermal infrared imager module 16, the high-speed camera module 17, the cone calorimeter module 18 and the air velocity sensor module 21, controlling the automatic fire extinguishing module 19 and the automatic smoke exhausting module 20 to work, acquiring the temperature and the form of a detected product and the change of smoke and gas components generated by combustion of the detected product by using the signal acquisition and control unit, and quantitatively analyzing the development state of an electrical fire, greatly improving the authenticity and reliability of electrical fire fault simulation and having good use effect; the power distribution cabinet 1 is provided with a first voltage and current monitoring module 15 on a circuit for providing a simulation power supply for a detected product 2, a second voltage and current monitoring module 22 is arranged on a circuit between the detected product 2 and the load cabinet 3, a current signal and a voltage drop condition of the detected product 2 are collected, and the change of the resistance value of the detected product 2 is reflected on the side surface.
In actual use, the cone calorimeter module is provided with a smoke analysis module which can analyze specific components of smoke and gas generated in the combustion process of a product to be tested in a combustion chamber, and the cone calorimeter module is provided with analysis modules for smoke, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and the like; the high-speed thermal infrared imager module can monitor the temperature distribution in the combustion chamber, and the high-speed camera module monitors the experimental scene in the combustion chamber in real time; the automatic fire extinguishing module can extinguish a fire source generated in the test process by adopting inert gas; the automatic smoke discharging module can be communicated with the fan and the smoke discharging pipe to discharge smoke generated in the test process; the air speed sensor module can detect the air intake volume in a laboratory.
Placing a tested product and wiring: opening a cabin door of a combustion chamber, placing a tested product 2 on an operation table in the combustion chamber, connecting the tested product 2 into a power supply loop of a power distribution cabinet 1 and a load cabinet 3 under the condition of power failure, and closing the cabin door;
step three, detecting whether the wiring of the tested product is qualified: adjusting the load in the load cabinet 3 to the maximum, starting the power distribution cabinet 1, forming a closed loop among the power distribution cabinet 1, the tested product 2 and the load cabinet 3, acquiring the voltage and the current of the input end of the tested product 2 by using the first voltage and current monitoring module 15, acquiring the voltage and the current of the input end of the tested product 2 by using the second voltage and current monitoring module 22, and executing the fourth step when the current is stable; when the two current parameters have a difference, the power supply of the power distribution cabinet 1 is closed, and the second step is executed again until the connection of the tested product is qualified;
step four, selecting a fault simulation type: the fault simulation type comprises short-circuit fault simulation and heated fault simulation, and when the short-circuit fault simulation is selected, the fifth step is executed; when the heating fault simulation is selected, executing a step six;
step five, short-circuit fault simulation, the process is as follows:
501, adjusting a load value in a load cabinet 3, realizing normal power supply of a power distribution cabinet 1 to a tested product 2 and a load in the load cabinet 3, acquiring the voltage and the current at the input end of the tested product 2 by using a first voltage and current monitoring module 15, acquiring the voltage and the current at the input end of the tested product 2 by using a second voltage and current monitoring module 22, simultaneously simulating the ambient wind speed by using a wind speed sensor module 21, acquiring state parameters of the tested product 2 by using a high-speed thermal infrared imager module 16, a high-speed camera module 17 and a cone calorimeter module 18, and transmitting the state parameters to a computer 13 through a signal acquisition and control unit 14, wherein the state parameters comprise the temperature, the form, the smoke and the gas composition of the tested product 2;
502, under the condition that the power supply voltage of the power distribution cabinet 1 is not changed, adjusting the load value in the load cabinet 3 to reduce the load value in the load cabinet 3, at the moment, the resistance value of a main loop of the power distribution cabinet 1 for supplying power to the tested product 2 and the load in the load cabinet 3 is reduced, the current of the main loop is increased, the input end voltage and the current of the tested product 2 are collected by using the first voltage and current monitoring module 15, the input end voltage and the current of the tested product 2 are collected by using the second voltage and current monitoring module 22, meanwhile, the ambient wind speed is simulated by using the wind speed sensor module 21, the current state parameters of the tested product 2 are collected by using the high-speed thermal infrared imager module 16, the high-speed camera module 17 and the cone calorimeter module 18, and the current state parameters are transmitted to the computer 13 through the signal collecting and control unit 14;
step 503, judging whether the tested product 2 is burnt, and when the tested product 2 is not burnt, executing the step 502, further reducing the load value in the load cabinet 3, and observing the state parameters of the tested product 2; when the load value in the load cabinet 3 becomes smaller, the power supply of the power distribution cabinet 1 to the tested product 2 breaks through the tested product 2, so that the tested product 2 burns, the first voltage and current monitoring module 15 is used for collecting the voltage and the current at the input end of the tested product 2, the second voltage and current monitoring module 22 is used for collecting the voltage and the current at the input end of the tested product 2, the high-speed thermal infrared imager module 16, the high-speed camera module 17 and the cone calorimeter module 18 are used for collecting the current state parameters of the tested product 2, the current state parameters are transmitted to the computer 13 through the signal collecting and controlling unit 14, the overcurrent protection module is used for protecting the power distribution cabinet 1, and the step 504 is executed;
step 504, starting the automatic fire extinguishing module 19 and the automatic smoke discharging module 20, extinguishing the fire of the tested product 2, and discharging waste gas in the combustion chamber;
step six, simulating a heating fault, wherein the process is as follows:
601, adjusting a load value in a load cabinet 3, realizing normal power supply of a power distribution cabinet 1 to a tested product 2 and a load in the load cabinet 3, acquiring the voltage and the current of the input end of the tested product 2 by using a first voltage and current monitoring module 15, acquiring the voltage and the current of the input end of the tested product 2 by using a second voltage and current monitoring module 22, simultaneously simulating the ambient wind speed by using a wind speed sensor module 21, acquiring state parameters of the tested product 2 by using a high-speed thermal infrared imager module 16, a high-speed camera module 17 and a cone calorimeter module 18, and transmitting the state parameters to a computer 13 through a signal acquisition and control unit 14, wherein the state parameters comprise the temperature, the form, the smoke and the gas composition of the tested product 2;
step 602, under the condition that the power supply voltage of the power distribution cabinet 1 and the load in the load cabinet 3 are not changed, heating the detected product 2 by using a heater, acquiring the input end voltage and the current of the detected product 2 by using the first voltage and current monitoring module 15, acquiring the input end voltage and the current of the detected product 2 by using the second voltage and current monitoring module 22, simulating the ambient wind speed by using the wind speed sensor module 21, acquiring the current state parameters of the detected product 2 by using the high-speed thermal infrared imager module 16, the high-speed camera module 17 and the cone calorimeter module 18, and transmitting the current state parameters to the computer 13 through the signal acquisition and control unit 14;
step 603, judging whether the tested product 2 is burnt, and when the tested product 2 is not burnt, executing step 602, further increasing the heating temperature of the heater, and observing the state parameters of the tested product 2; when the heating temperature of the heater rises and causes the tested product 2 to burn, the first voltage and current monitoring module 15 is used for collecting the voltage and the current of the input end of the tested product 2, the second voltage and current monitoring module 22 is used for collecting the voltage and the current of the input end of the tested product 2, the high-speed thermal infrared imager module 16, the high-speed camera module 17 and the cone calorimeter module 18 are used for collecting the current state parameters of the tested product 2, the current state parameters are transmitted to the computer 13 through the signal collecting and controlling unit 14, the overcurrent protection module protects the power distribution cabinet 1, and the step 604 is executed;
step 604, the automatic fire extinguishing module 19 and the automatic smoke discharging module 20 are started to extinguish fire of the tested product 2 and discharge waste gas in the combustion chamber.
In this embodiment, the signal acquisition and control unit 14 includes a PCI acquisition card and a controller connected to the PCI acquisition card, the controller is an ARM controller, and the ARM controller is connected to a peripheral and a computer through a serial communication module.
In the embodiment, the output voltage range of the program-controlled alternating current power supply 5 is more than or equal to 0V and less than or equal to U and less than or equal to 600V, the output frequency range is more than or equal to 45Hz and less than or equal to f and less than or equal to 70Hz, a built-in input power factor improving circuit of the program-controlled alternating current power supply 5 is provided, and the power factor PF is more than or equal to 0.95; the output voltage range of the program-controlled direct-current power supply 6 is more than or equal to 0V and less than or equal to 650V, the precision is less than or equal to 0.1V, the current output range is more than or equal to 0A and less than or equal to I and less than or equal to 300A, and the highest output power is 15 kW.
In actual use, the program-controlled alternating current power supply 5 has various waveform simulation functions (sine waves, 3-15 harmonics and gate control trigger waves), and the alternating current dynamic load is 10 kW; the program-controlled direct current electronic load has strong overload capacity, the direct current load is not less than 0kW and not more than P and not more than 18kW, instantaneous overpower load can reach more than 2 times of rated power, the reliability of the load is improved, the power density and the current range are also expanded to a certain degree, the dynamic frequency is accelerated, and the testing capacity and the application range are increased. In addition, the program-controlled direct current/alternating current electronic load is different from a traditional consumable load, absorbed electric energy can be converted and fed back to a power grid, and meanwhile, the output voltage/current/power can be adjusted, so that the surge impact of the voltage/current on a tested product is reduced.
In this embodiment, the program-controlled ac electronic load 11 is a three-phase ac electronic load, and the ac dynamic load is 10 kW; the direct-current load of the program-controlled direct-current electronic load 12 is not less than 0kW and not more than 18kW, and the instantaneous overpower load is greater than the rated power.
In this embodiment, a program-controlled ac power supply 5 and a program-controlled dc power supply 6 are arranged in the power distribution cabinet 1, the program-controlled ac power supply 5 and the program-controlled dc power supply 6 are connected to a product 2 to be tested through a first relay 7, the load cabinet 3 includes a program-controlled ac electronic load 11 and a program-controlled dc electronic load 12, the program-controlled ac electronic load 11 and the program-controlled dc electronic load 12 are connected to the product 2 to be tested through a second relay 8, and the first relay 7 and the second relay 8 are synchronously controlled by a signal acquisition and control unit 14;
when the tested product 2 is an alternating current product, the signal acquisition and control unit 14 synchronously controls the first relay 7 and the second relay 8 to gate the programmable alternating current power supply 5 and the programmable alternating current electronic load 11;
when the tested product 2 is a direct current product, the signal acquisition and control unit 14 synchronously controls the first relay 7 and the second relay 8 to gate the programmable direct current power supply 6 and the programmable direct current electronic load 12.
In this embodiment, the programmable ac electronic load 11 and the programmable dc electronic load 12 are both automatically controlled by the signal acquisition and control unit 14.
When the electric fire disaster simulation device is used, the electric fire disaster fault caused by short circuit is simulated through the gradually increased current, the electric fire disaster fault caused by the thermal environment is also simulated through the gradually increased temperature, the temperature and the form of a tested product and the change of smoke and gas components generated by the combustion of the tested product are obtained through the signal acquisition and control unit, the development state of the electric fire disaster is quantitatively analyzed, and the authenticity and the reliability of the electric fire disaster fault simulation are greatly improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An electrical fire fault simulation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing an electrical fire fault simulation system: an electrical fire fault simulation system is constructed, the electrical fire fault simulation system comprises a combustion chamber for placing a product to be tested (2), a power distribution cabinet (1) for providing a simulation power supply for the product to be tested (2), a load cabinet (3) for providing a simulation load for the product to be tested (2) and a control cabinet (4) for controlling the system to work, the control cabinet (4) comprises a signal acquisition and control unit (14) and a computer (13) connected with the signal acquisition and control unit (14), a high-speed thermal infrared imager module (16), a high-speed camera module (17), a cone calorimeter module (18), an automatic fire extinguishing module (19), an automatic smoke exhaust module (20) and a wind speed sensor module (21) which are all connected with the signal acquisition and control unit (14) are arranged in the combustion chamber, a first voltage and current monitoring module (15) is arranged on a circuit for providing the simulation power supply for the product to be tested (2) by the power distribution cabinet (1), a second voltage and current monitoring module (22) is arranged on a line between the tested product (2) and the load cabinet (3);
placing a tested product and wiring: opening a cabin door of a combustion chamber, placing a product (2) to be tested on an operation table in the combustion chamber, connecting the product (2) to be tested into power supply loops of a power distribution cabinet (1) and a load cabinet (3) under the condition of power failure, and closing the cabin door;
step three, detecting whether the wiring of the tested product is qualified: adjusting the load in the load cabinet (3) to the maximum, starting the power distribution cabinet (1), forming a closed loop among the power distribution cabinet (1), the tested product (2) and the load cabinet (3), collecting the voltage and the current of the input end of the tested product (2) by using a first voltage and current monitoring module (15), collecting the voltage and the current of the input end of the tested product (2) by using a second voltage and current monitoring module (22), and executing a fourth step when the current is stable; when the two current parameters have a difference, the power supply of the power distribution cabinet (1) is closed, and the second step is executed again until the connection of the tested product is qualified;
step four, selecting a fault simulation type: the fault simulation type comprises short-circuit fault simulation and heated fault simulation, and when the short-circuit fault simulation is selected, the fifth step is executed; when the heating fault simulation is selected, executing a step six;
step five, short-circuit fault simulation, the process is as follows:
501, adjusting a load value in a load cabinet (3), realizing normal power supply of a power distribution cabinet (1) to a tested product (2) and a load in the load cabinet (3), acquiring the voltage and the current of the input end of the tested product (2) by using a first voltage and current monitoring module (15), acquiring the voltage and the current of the input end of the tested product (2) by using a second voltage and current monitoring module (22), simulating the ambient wind speed by using a wind speed sensor module (21), acquiring state parameters of the tested product (2) by using a high-speed thermal infrared imager module (16), a high-speed camera module (17) and a cone calorimeter module (18), and transmitting the state parameters to a computer (13) through a signal acquisition and control unit (14), wherein the state parameters comprise the temperature, the form, the smoke and the gas composition of the tested product (2);
step 502, under the condition that the power supply voltage of the power distribution cabinet (1) is not changed, the load value in the load cabinet (3) is adjusted to reduce the load value in the load cabinet (3), at the moment, the resistance value of a main loop for supplying power to a tested product (2) and a load in a load cabinet (3) by a power distribution cabinet (1) is reduced, the current of the main loop is increased, the voltage and the current of the input end of the tested product (2) are collected by a first voltage and current monitoring module (15), the voltage and the current of the input end of the tested product (2) are collected by a second voltage and current monitoring module (22), meanwhile, an ambient wind speed is simulated by using a wind speed sensor module (21), the current state parameters of the tested product (2) are collected by using a high-speed thermal infrared imager module (16), a high-speed camera module (17) and a cone calorimeter module (18), and transmitting the current state parameters to a computer (13) through a signal acquisition and control unit (14);
step 503, judging whether the tested product (2) is burnt, and when the tested product (2) is not burnt, executing the step 502, further reducing the load value in the load cabinet (3), and observing the state parameters of the tested product (2); when the load value in the load cabinet (3) is reduced, the power supply of the power distribution cabinet (1) to the tested product (2) breaks through the tested product (2), so that the tested product (2) is burnt, the voltage and the current of the input end of the tested product (2) are collected by using the first voltage and current monitoring module (15), the voltage and the current of the input end of the tested product (2) are collected by using the second voltage and current monitoring module (22), the current state parameters of the tested product (2) are collected by using the high-speed thermal infrared imager module (16), the high-speed camera module (17) and the cone calorimeter module (18), the current state parameters are transmitted to the computer (13) through the signal collecting and controlling unit (14), the overcurrent protection module protects the power distribution cabinet (1), and the step 504 is executed;
step 504, starting an automatic fire extinguishing module (19) and an automatic smoke discharging module (20), extinguishing the fire of the tested product (2), and discharging waste gas in a combustion chamber;
step six, simulating a heating fault, wherein the process is as follows:
601, adjusting a load value in a load cabinet (3), realizing normal power supply of a power distribution cabinet (1) to a tested product (2) and a load in the load cabinet (3), acquiring the voltage and the current of the input end of the tested product (2) by using a first voltage and current monitoring module (15), acquiring the voltage and the current of the input end of the tested product (2) by using a second voltage and current monitoring module (22), simultaneously simulating the ambient wind speed by using a wind speed sensor module (21), acquiring state parameters of the tested product (2) by using a high-speed thermal infrared imager module (16), a high-speed camera module (17) and a cone calorimeter module (18), and transmitting the state parameters to a computer (13) through a signal acquisition and control unit (14), wherein the state parameters comprise the temperature, the form, the smoke and the gas composition of the tested product (2);
step 602, under the condition that the power supply voltage of a power distribution cabinet (1) and the load in a load cabinet (3) are not changed, a detected product (2) is heated by a heater, the voltage and the current of the input end of the detected product (2) are collected by a first voltage and current monitoring module (15), the voltage and the current of the input end of the detected product (2) are collected by a second voltage and current monitoring module (22), meanwhile, the ambient wind speed is simulated by a wind speed sensor module (21), the current state parameters of the detected product (2) are collected by a high-speed thermal infrared imager module (16), a high-speed camera module (17) and a cone calorimeter module (18), and the current state parameters are transmitted to a computer (13) through a signal collecting and controlling unit (14);
603, judging whether the tested product (2) is burnt, and executing 602 when the tested product (2) is not burnt, further increasing the heating temperature of the heater, and observing the state parameters of the tested product (2); when the heating temperature of the heater rises and causes the burning of the detected product (2), a first voltage and current monitoring module (15) is used for collecting the voltage and the current of the input end of the detected product (2), a second voltage and current monitoring module (22) is used for collecting the voltage and the current of the input end of the detected product (2), a high-speed thermal infrared imager module (16), a high-speed camera module (17) and a cone calorimeter module (18) are used for collecting the current state parameters of the detected product (2), the current state parameters are transmitted to a computer (13) through a signal collecting and controlling unit (14), an overcurrent protection module is used for protecting a power distribution cabinet (1), and step 604 is executed;
and step 604, starting the automatic fire extinguishing module (19) and the automatic smoke discharging module (20), extinguishing the fire of the tested product (2), and discharging the waste gas in the combustion chamber.
2. An electrical fire fault simulation method according to claim 1, wherein: a program-controlled alternating current power supply (5) and a program-controlled direct current power supply (6) are arranged in the power distribution cabinet (1), overcurrent protection modules are arranged on the program-controlled alternating current power supply (5) and the program-controlled direct current power supply (6), the program-controlled alternating current power supply (5) and the program-controlled direct current power supply (6) are connected with a tested product (2) through a first relay (7), the load cabinet (3) comprises a program-controlled alternating current electronic load (11) and a program-controlled direct current electronic load (12), the program-controlled alternating current electronic load (11) and the program-controlled direct current electronic load (12) are connected with the tested product (2) through a second relay (8), and the first relay (7) and the second relay (8) are synchronously controlled by a signal acquisition and control unit (14);
when the tested product (2) is an alternating current product, the signal acquisition and control unit (14) synchronously controls the first relay (7) and the second relay (8) to gate the program-controlled alternating current power supply (5) and the program-controlled alternating current electronic load (11);
when the tested product (2) is a direct-current product, the signal acquisition and control unit (14) synchronously controls the first relay (7) and the second relay (8) to gate the program-controlled direct-current power supply (6) and the program-controlled direct-current electronic load (12);
the program-controlled alternating current electronic load (11) and the program-controlled direct current electronic load (12) are automatically controlled by a signal acquisition and control unit (14).
3. An electrical fire fault simulation method according to claim 1, wherein: the signal acquisition and control unit (14) comprises a PCI acquisition card and a controller connected with the PCI acquisition card, wherein the controller is an ARM controller, and the ARM controller is connected with a peripheral and a computer through a serial port communication module.
4. An electrical fire fault simulation method according to claim 2, wherein: the output voltage range of the program-controlled alternating current power supply (5) is more than or equal to 0V and less than or equal to U and less than or equal to 600V, the output frequency range is more than or equal to 45Hz and less than or equal to f and less than or equal to 70Hz, a built-in input power factor improving circuit of the program-controlled alternating current power supply (5) is provided, and the power factor PF is more than or equal to 0.95; the output voltage range of the program-controlled direct-current power supply (6) is more than or equal to 0V and less than or equal to 650V, the precision is less than or equal to 0.1V, the current output range is more than or equal to 0A and less than or equal to I and less than or equal to 300A, and the highest output power is 15 kW.
5. An electrical fire fault simulation method according to claim 1, wherein: the program-controlled alternating current electronic load (11) is a three-phase alternating current electronic load, and the alternating current dynamic load is 10 kW; the direct current load of the program-controlled direct current electronic load (12) is more than or equal to 0kW and less than or equal to 18kW, and the instantaneous overpower load is greater than the rated power.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114187813A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-03-15 | 江苏建信网络科技有限公司 | Electrical fire short circuit simulation device |
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