CN113310989B - Assessment method for severity of soybean disease green - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of evaluation of severity of soybean green, and particularly discloses an evaluation method of severity of soybean green; step two, investigation of soybean disease green plant rate; step three, investigation of the green pod rate of soybean diseases; step four, calculating severity index of soybean disease green; and fifthly, grading evaluation of severity of the soybean azure. The invention provides the evaluation method for the severity of the green of the different soybean varieties and the different soybean production plots for the first time, realizes the accurate evaluation of the difference of the different soybean varieties, and provides a basis for the evaluation of the severity of the green of the different soybean varieties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of evaluation of severity of soybean green, in particular to an evaluation method of severity of soybean green.
Background
Soyabean azure is a phenomenon commonly occurring in Huang-Huai-Hai-Xia soybean in recent years and frequently causing harvest failure. The soybean disease green specifically comprises the following components: after entering the soybean mature season, the plants keep green branches and green leaves, do not yellow, do not bulge or fully bulge to cause shrunken grains, and do not yellow and fall off. The azurin of soybean causes a decrease in soybean yield and a decrease in soybean quality. There is now definite evidence that the occurrence of soybean cyan is related to the pest cause of piercing-sucking pests, but the mechanism of soybean cyan occurrence is not yet clear. Under the same annual circumstances, the occurrence of the green of different soybean varieties is different, and the green of some varieties is serious, and the green of some varieties is slight or even not. In production, after soybean is subjected to azure, the loss caused by the azure soybean also needs to be evaluated. However, no evaluation method for evaluating the severity of the occurrence of the green of different soybean varieties and different plots has been reported yet.
The prior art has the following problems: the severity of the green symptoms of different soybean varieties cannot be estimated, and the severity of the green symptoms of the soybean fields with the green symptoms cannot be accurately estimated. The inventor summarized and developed a soybean disease severity assessment method based on the blank of the soybean disease severity assessment method in the prior art, and can well solve the problem that the soybean disease severity in the prior art cannot be assessed and graded.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides an evaluation method of the severity of soybean green, wherein different investigation methods are selected according to the size of soybean planting areas, a plurality of investigation sampling points are selected in a land, each sampling point is used for investigating a plurality of continuous soybeans, the severity of the soybean green is calculated, the average severity of the soybean green of each sampling point is calculated as the severity of the soybean green of the whole land, a plurality of soybeans are selected from each sampling point for investigating the severity of the soybean green, the total number of the soybean green and the severity of the soybean green are investigated, so that the severity of the soybean green is calculated, finally, the severity index of the soybean green is obtained by multiplying the severity of the soybean green by the severity index of the soybean green, and the severity of the soybean green is evaluated according to the grading standard of the severity of the soybean green.
The invention provides an evaluation method of severity of soybean dyscrasia, which comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a survey period: for investigation of the soybean disease green plant rate and the soybean pod rate, selecting soybeans which grow normally in the normal maturity period of the soybeans, and leading the ripe soybeans to enter the maturity period, and investigating whether the leaves are completely yellow or fall off;
Step two, investigation of soybean disease green plant rate: 1. soybean disease green judgment standard: 1.1, whole plant is green; 1.2, partial branching disease is blue or branch is normal, main stem disease is blue; 1.3, the whole plant is not completely green, the green pods are scattered and distributed, and the number of the non-graining pods is visually detected to be more than 10 percent; 2. the soybean disease green rate investigation method comprises the following steps: selecting a plurality of investigation sampling points according to the size of the soybean planting land, investigating 50 continuous soybeans at each sampling point, calculating the disease strain rate of each sampling point, and then calculating the average disease strain rate of all the sampling points as the disease strain rate of the whole land; 3. calculating the soybean disease green plant rate: the calculation formula of the disease green plant rate is as follows: the disease strain rate%o disease strain number x 100%/50 strain; according to a calculation formula of the disease strain rate, the investigated disease strain number is brought into the disease strain rate formula, the disease strain rate of each sample point and the average disease strain rate of a plurality of sample points are calculated, and the average disease strain rate of a plurality of sample points is used as the disease strain rate of a whole area;
Step three, investigation of soybean disease green pod rate: 1. criteria for soybean pod rate: visual inspection of green and dark pod colors or inconsistent colors, wherein the plumpness of one pod is less than 80%, or the plumpness of one pod is less than 80% in two pods, or the plumpness of 2 pods is less than 80% in 3 pods, and judging that the pod is a green pod; 2. The investigation method of soybean disease green pod rate comprises the following steps: selecting 20 soybean plants from 50 soybean plants of the survey of the disease green plant rate sampling point in the second step, and surveying the total pod number and the disease green pod number of the disease green plants; 3. calculation of soyabean pod percentage: the calculation formula of the soybean disease green pod rate is as follows: pod rate% = total pod number of all investigation individuals x 100%/total pod number of all investigation individuals; calculating the soybean pod disease rate according to the calculation formula of the total pod number of the soybean pod disease strain and the pod disease rate carried in the soybean pod disease rate, wherein the average number of pod disease rates at various points is used as the pod disease rate of the land block;
step four, calculating severity index of soybean disease green: the calculated value of the soybean disease green plant rate in the second step and the calculated value of the soybean disease green pod rate in the third step are put into a soybean disease green severity index calculation formula to calculate a soybean disease green severity index; the calculation formula of the severity index of the soybean disease green is as follows: the green degree index x=the green plant rate% ×the green pod rate;
step five, grading evaluation of severity of soybean dyscrasia: according to the soybean severity index of the whole soybean planting place calculated in the step four, the severity index of the whole soybean planting place can be correspondingly evaluated by comparing with the severity index of the whole soybean in a severity grading table; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0, the evaluation level is 0, and the severity of the soybean disease green is asymptomatic green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is X less than or equal to 0.05, the evaluation level is 1, and the severity of the soybean disease green is slight disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.05< X less than or equal to 0.10, the evaluation level is 2, and the severity of the soybean disease green is medium disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.10< X less than or equal to 0.20, the evaluation level is 3, and the severity of the soybean disease green is heavier disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.20< X less than or equal to 0.50, the evaluation level is 4, and the severity of the soybean disease green is serious disease green; when the severity index of soybean cyan of whole soybean plots was X >0.50, the evaluation level was 5, and the severity of soybean cyan was very severe cyan.
In the second step, for soybean plots with the area greater than 1 hectare, 10 survey sampling points which are uniformly distributed are selected in the field, 50 continuous soybeans are surveyed at each sampling point, the disease strain rate of each sampling point is calculated, and then the average disease strain rate of 10 sampling points is calculated to be used as the disease strain rate of the whole plot.
In the second step, 8 investigation spots which are uniformly distributed are selected in the field for soybean plots with the area between 0.1 hectare and 1 hectare, 50 continuous soybeans are investigated at each spot, the disease strain rate of each spot is calculated, and then the average disease strain rate of 8 spots is calculated to be used as the disease strain rate of the whole plot.
In the second step, for soybean plots with the area below 0.1 hectare, 3-5 survey spots which are uniformly distributed are selected in the field, 50 continuous soybeans are surveyed at each spot, the disease strain rate of each spot is calculated, and then the average disease strain rate of 5 spots is calculated to be used as the disease strain rate of the whole plot.
In the second step, for soybean test plots with the area of less than 0.002 hectare, a survey sample point is selected, 50 continuous soybeans are randomly selected as survey samples for investigation, and the calculated green plant rate is used as the green plant rate of the soybean test plot.
In the fifth step, the severity of the soybean green is graded from 0 to 5, and the severity of the corresponding green is no green, slight green, medium green, heavy green, severe green and very severe green.
In the first step, the investigation of the plant rate and pod rate of the soybean is carried out by selecting the soybean which grows normally in the normal mature period of the soybean, namely, the mature soybean enters the mature period, and the leaf is completely yellow or falls off for investigation. The main purpose of this is: on the one hand, the soybean plants reach the maturity stage, the photosynthesis of the soybean plants is not carried out any more, and the accuracy of judging the soybean green plants and the green pods can be ensured; on the other hand, whether the soybean is green in the earlier stage of the drum grain is not judged in appearance, and the severity of the green resistance of the soybean plant can be accurately estimated.
In the second step, the soybean disease green rate investigation method comprises the following steps: selecting a plurality of investigation sampling points in a soybean planting plot, investigating a plurality of continuous soybean plants at each sampling point, calculating the disease green plant rate of each sampling point, and then calculating the average disease green plant rate of the plurality of sampling points as the disease green plant rate of the whole plot; the main purpose of this is: according to the size of the soybean planting land area, the number of survey samples is correspondingly increased, so that the coverage rate of the survey samples can be improved, the survey samples are more representative, the accuracy of evaluating the severity of the soybean disease is improved, and the evaluation of the severity of the soybean disease on the different soybean varieties is more accurate.
In the second step, soybean disease green judgment standard: 1.1, whole plant is green; 1.2, partial branching disease is blue or branch is normal, main stem disease is blue; 1.3, the whole plant is not completely green, the green pods are scattered and distributed, and the number of the non-graining pods is visually detected to be more than 10 percent; the main purpose of this is: at present, whether a soybean plant is a green plant can be accurately judged by the regulation of the green soybean judging standard, so that the judging accuracy of green soybean plants is improved; on the other hand, the soybean plant green feature can be judged and mastered by using the soybean green judgment standard, and the soybean plant green feature is mainly expressed in those parts and the probability of easy occurrence in those parts.
Step two, according to a calculation formula of the disease strain rate, substituting the investigated disease strain number into the disease strain rate formula to calculate the disease strain rate of each sample point and the average disease strain rate of a plurality of sample points, and taking the average disease strain rate of a plurality of sample points as the disease strain rate of a whole area; the main purpose of this is: the accuracy of the whole-land green plant rate assessment is improved by averaging the green plant rates of a plurality of sampling points, the determined and accurate green plant rate of the whole soybean land is provided for the calculation of the severity index of the green plant of the soybean, and the accurate numerical support is provided for accurately assessing the classification of the severity of the green plant of the soybean of different varieties.
Step three, selecting 20 soybean plants from 50 soybean plants for investigating the disease green plant rate sampling point in the step two, and investigating the total pod number and the disease green pod number of the disease green plant; this is done mainly in view of: the method has the advantages that the land is large, the multipoint sampling is carried out, the total pod number and the symptom green pod number are investigated for all the sampling plants, the workload is too large, the work efficiency can be improved by reducing the investigation plant number, the effect of assessing the symptom green pod rate in a quasi-period is achieved, the total pod number and the symptom green pod number of the symptom green plants with large coverage rate are provided for accurate calculation of the symptom green pod rate of the soybean, and the effect of accurately calculating the symptom green pod rate of the soybean is achieved.
In the third step, the standard for judging the green pod rate of the soybean disease: visual inspection of green and dark pod colors or inconsistent colors, wherein the plumpness of one pod is less than 80%, or the plumpness of one pod is less than 80% in two pods, or the plumpness of 2 pods is less than 80% in 3 pods, and judging that the pod is a green pod; the main purpose of this is: firstly, the pod is distinguished from sterile pods on normal plants, and secondly, whether a pod has a green symptom or not is judged at present. By the proposal of the judgment standard, whether a pod with a certain dysplasia is a green pod or not can be accurately judged. On one hand, the degree of the green pod of the soybean and the distribution condition of the green pod on each plant of soybean can be accurately judged, and on the other hand, the data support of the total pod number and the green pod number is provided for the accurate calculation of the green pod rate of the soybean.
In the third step, the calculation formula of the soybean disease green pod rate is as follows: pod rate% = total pod number of all investigation individuals x 100%/total pod number of all investigation individuals; calculating the soybean pod disease rate according to a calculation formula of the soybean pod disease rate carried by the total pod number and the pod disease number of the soybean pod disease strain; the main purpose of this is: the method provides a definite and accurate whole soybean green pod rate for calculating the severity index of soybean green, and provides an accurate numerical support for accurately evaluating the grading of the severity of different varieties of soybean green.
In the fourth step, the calculated value of the soybean disease green plant rate in the second step and the calculated value of the soybean disease green pod rate in the third step are carried into a soybean disease green severity index calculation formula, and a soybean disease green severity index is calculated; the calculation formula of the severity index of the soybean disease green is as follows: the green degree index x=the green plant rate% ×the green pod rate; the main purpose of this is: considering that the influence on the yield after the soybean is subjected to the green disease depends on two factors, namely the green plant proportion and the green pod proportion, and the two factors jointly determine the severity of the green disease; therefore, in order to accurately obtain the index value of the severity degree of the soybean disease, an evaluation basis is provided for accurately evaluating the severity degree and the classification of the soybean disease.
In order to accurately obtain the index value of the severity degree of the soybean disease, an evaluation basis is provided for accurately evaluating the severity degree and grading of the soybean disease.
In the fifth step, according to the severity index of the green shade of the soybean of the whole soybean planting place calculated in the fourth step, the severity index of the green shade of the whole soybean planting place can be correspondingly evaluated by comparing with the severity index of the green shade in the classification table of the green shade of the soybean; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0, the evaluation level is 0, and the severity of the soybean disease green is asymptomatic green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is X less than or equal to 0.05, the evaluation level is 1, and the severity of the soybean disease green is slight disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.05< X less than or equal to 0.10, the evaluation level is 2, and the severity of the soybean disease green is medium disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.10< X less than or equal to 0.20, the evaluation level is 3, and the severity of the soybean disease green is heavier disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.20< X less than or equal to 0.50, the evaluation level is 4, and the severity of the soybean disease green is serious disease green; when the severity index of soybean cyan of whole soybean plots was X >0.50, the evaluation level was 5, and the severity of soybean cyan was very severe cyan. The main purpose of this is: the grading evaluation of the severity of the soybean green is realized, so that the grading evaluation of the severity of the soybean green of different soybean varieties is realized, and on one hand, a basis is provided for the evaluation of the severity of the soybean green of different soybean varieties; on the other hand, the accuracy of evaluating the green severity of different soybean varieties is improved, and the accurate evaluation of the yield of different soybean varieties is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an evaluation method for severity of green of soybean, which can evaluate severity of green of different soybean varieties, firstly provides an evaluation method for severity of green of different soybean varieties and different soybean production plots, realizes accurate evaluation of difference of different soybean varieties, and provides basis for evaluation of severity of green of different soybean varieties.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a table of the severity of green status of soybean according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below in connection with specific examples, which provide a method for assessing severity of soybean dyscrasia:
Embodiment one:
step one, selecting a survey period: for investigation of the soybean disease green plant rate and the soybean pod rate, selecting soybeans which grow normally in the normal maturity period of the soybeans, and leading the ripe soybeans to enter the maturity period, and investigating whether the leaves are completely yellow or fall off;
Step two, investigation of soybean disease green plant rate: 1. soybean disease green judgment standard: 1.1, whole plant is green; 1.2, partial branching disease is blue or branch is normal, main stem disease is blue; 1.3, the whole plant is not completely green, the green pods are scattered and distributed, and the number of the non-graining pods is visually detected to be more than 10 percent; 2. the soybean disease green rate investigation method comprises the following steps: for soybean plots with the area of more than 1 hectare, 10 survey spots which are uniformly distributed are selected in the field, 50 continuous soybeans are surveyed at each spot, the disease strain rate of each spot is calculated, and then the average disease strain rate of all the spots is calculated as the disease strain rate of the whole plot; 3. calculating the soybean disease green plant rate: the calculation formula of the disease green plant rate is as follows: the disease strain rate%o =disease strain number x 100%/50 strains, wherein 50 strains were investigated for each spot for 50 consecutive soybeans; according to a calculation formula of the disease strain rate, the investigated disease strain number is brought into the disease strain rate formula, the disease strain rate of each sample point and the average disease strain rate of a plurality of sample points are calculated, and the average disease strain rate of a plurality of sample points is used as the disease strain rate of a whole area;
Step three, investigation of soybean disease green pod rate: 1. criteria for soybean pod rate: visual inspection of green and dark pod colors or inconsistent colors, wherein the plumpness of one pod is less than 80%, or the plumpness of one pod is less than 80% in two pods, or the plumpness of 2 pods is less than 80% in 3 pods, and judging that the pod is a green pod; 2. The investigation method of soybean disease green pod rate comprises the following steps: selecting 20 soybean plants from 50 soybean plants of the survey of the disease green plant rate sampling point in the second step, and surveying the total pod number and the disease green pod number of the disease green plants; 3. calculation of soyabean pod percentage: the calculation formula of the soybean disease green pod rate is as follows: pod rate% = total pod number of all investigation individuals x 100%/total pod number of all investigation individuals; calculating the soybean pod disease rate according to the calculation formula of the total pod number of the soybean pod disease strain and the pod disease rate carried in the soybean pod disease rate, wherein the average number of pod disease rates at various points is used as the pod disease rate of the land block;
step four, calculating severity index of soybean disease green: the calculated value of the soybean disease green plant rate in the second step and the calculated value of the soybean disease green pod rate in the third step are put into a soybean disease green severity index calculation formula to calculate a soybean disease green severity index; the calculation formula of the severity index of the soybean disease green is as follows: the green degree index x=the green plant rate% ×the green pod rate;
step five, grading evaluation of severity of soybean dyscrasia: according to the soybean severity index of the whole soybean planting place calculated in the step four, the severity index of the whole soybean planting place can be correspondingly evaluated by comparing with the severity index of the whole soybean in a severity grading table; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0, the evaluation level is 0, and the severity of the soybean disease green is asymptomatic green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is X less than or equal to 0.05, the evaluation level is 1, and the severity of the soybean disease green is slight disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.05< X less than or equal to 0.10, the evaluation level is 2, and the severity of the soybean disease green is medium disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.10< X less than or equal to 0.20, the evaluation level is 3, and the severity of the soybean disease green is heavier disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.20< X less than or equal to 0.50, the evaluation level is 4, and the severity of the soybean disease green is serious disease green; when the severity index of soybean cyan of whole soybean plots was X >0.50, the evaluation level was 5, and the severity of soybean cyan was very severe cyan.
Embodiment two:
step one, selecting a survey period: for investigation of the soybean disease green plant rate and the soybean pod rate, selecting soybeans which grow normally in the normal maturity period of the soybeans, and leading the ripe soybeans to enter the maturity period, and investigating whether the leaves are completely yellow or fall off;
Step two, investigation of soybean disease green plant rate: 1. soybean disease green judgment standard: 1.1, whole plant is green; 1.2, partial branching disease is blue or branch is normal, main stem disease is blue; 1.3, the whole plant is not completely green, the green pods are scattered and distributed, and the number of the non-graining pods is visually detected to be more than 10 percent; 2. the soybean disease green rate investigation method comprises the following steps: for soybean plots with the area between 0.1 hectare and 1 hectare, 8 survey spots which are uniformly distributed are selected in the field, 50 continuous soybeans are surveyed at each spot, the disease strain rate of each spot is calculated, and then the average disease strain rate of all the spots is calculated as the disease strain rate of the whole plot; 3. calculating the soybean disease green plant rate: the calculation formula of the disease green plant rate is as follows: the disease strain rate%o =disease strain number x 100%/50 strains, wherein 50 strains were investigated for each spot for 50 consecutive soybeans; according to a calculation formula of the disease strain rate, the investigated disease strain number is brought into the disease strain rate formula, the disease strain rate of each sample point and the average disease strain rate of a plurality of sample points are calculated, and the average disease strain rate of a plurality of sample points is used as the disease strain rate of a whole area;
Step three, investigation of soybean disease green pod rate: 1. criteria for soybean pod rate: visual inspection of green and dark pod colors or inconsistent colors, wherein the plumpness of one pod is less than 80%, or the plumpness of one pod is less than 80% in two pods, or the plumpness of 2 pods is less than 80% in 3 pods, and judging that the pod is a green pod; 2. The investigation method of soybean disease green pod rate comprises the following steps: selecting 20 soybean plants from 50 soybean plants of the survey of the disease green plant rate sampling point in the second step, and surveying the total pod number and the disease green pod number of the disease green plants; 3. calculation of soyabean pod percentage: the calculation formula of the soybean disease green pod rate is as follows: pod rate% = total pod number of all investigation individuals x 100%/total pod number of all investigation individuals; calculating the soybean pod disease rate according to the calculation formula of the total pod number of the soybean pod disease strain and the pod disease rate carried in the soybean pod disease rate, wherein the average number of pod disease rates at various points is used as the pod disease rate of the land block;
step four, calculating severity index of soybean disease green: the calculated value of the soybean disease green plant rate in the second step and the calculated value of the soybean disease green pod rate in the third step are put into a soybean disease green severity index calculation formula to calculate a soybean disease green severity index; the calculation formula of the severity index of the soybean disease green is as follows: the green degree index x=the green plant rate% ×the green pod rate;
step five, grading evaluation of severity of soybean dyscrasia: according to the soybean severity index of the whole soybean planting place calculated in the step four, the severity index of the whole soybean planting place can be correspondingly evaluated by comparing with the severity index of the whole soybean in a severity grading table; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0, the evaluation level is 0, and the severity of the soybean disease green is asymptomatic green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is X less than or equal to 0.05, the evaluation level is 1, and the severity of the soybean disease green is slight disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.05< X less than or equal to 0.10, the evaluation level is 2, and the severity of the soybean disease green is medium disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.10< X less than or equal to 0.20, the evaluation level is 3, and the severity of the soybean disease green is heavier disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.20< X less than or equal to 0.50, the evaluation level is 4, and the severity of the soybean disease green is serious disease green; when the severity index of soybean cyan of whole soybean plots was X >0.50, the evaluation level was 5, and the severity of soybean cyan was very severe cyan.
Embodiment III:
step one, selecting a survey period: for investigation of the soybean disease green plant rate and the soybean pod rate, selecting soybeans which grow normally in the normal maturity period of the soybeans, and leading the ripe soybeans to enter the maturity period, and investigating whether the leaves are completely yellow or fall off;
Step two, investigation of soybean disease green plant rate: 1. soybean disease green judgment standard: 1.1, whole plant is green; 1.2, partial branching disease is blue or branch is normal, main stem disease is blue; 1.3, the whole plant is not completely green, the green pods are scattered and distributed, and the number of the non-graining pods is visually detected to be more than 10 percent; 2. the soybean disease green rate investigation method comprises the following steps: for soybean plots with the area below 0.1 hectare, 3-5 survey sampling points which are uniformly distributed are selected in the field, 50 continuous soybeans are surveyed at each sampling point, the disease strain rate of each sampling point is calculated, and then the average disease strain rate of all the sampling points is calculated as the disease strain rate of the whole plot; 3. calculating the soybean disease green plant rate: the calculation formula of the disease green plant rate is as follows: the disease strain rate%o =disease strain number x 100%/50 strains, wherein 50 strains were investigated for each spot for 50 consecutive soybeans; according to a calculation formula of the disease strain rate, the investigated disease strain number is brought into the disease strain rate formula, the disease strain rate of each sample point and the average disease strain rate of a plurality of sample points are calculated, and the average disease strain rate of a plurality of sample points is used as the disease strain rate of a whole area;
Step three, investigation of soybean disease green pod rate: 1. criteria for soybean pod rate: visual inspection of green and dark pod colors or inconsistent colors, wherein the plumpness of one pod is less than 80%, or the plumpness of one pod is less than 80% in two pods, or the plumpness of 2 pods is less than 80% in 3 pods, and judging that the pod is a green pod; 2. The investigation method of soybean disease green pod rate comprises the following steps: selecting 20 soybean plants from 50 soybean plants of the survey of the disease green plant rate sampling point in the second step, and surveying the total pod number and the disease green pod number of the disease green plants; 3. calculation of soyabean pod percentage: the calculation formula of the soybean disease green pod rate is as follows: pod rate% = total pod number of all investigation individuals x 100%/total pod number of all investigation individuals; calculating the soybean pod disease rate according to the calculation formula of the total pod number of the soybean pod disease strain and the pod disease rate carried in the soybean pod disease rate, wherein the average number of pod disease rates at various points is used as the pod disease rate of the land block;
step four, calculating severity index of soybean disease green: the calculated value of the soybean disease green plant rate in the second step and the calculated value of the soybean disease green pod rate in the third step are put into a soybean disease green severity index calculation formula to calculate a soybean disease green severity index; the calculation formula of the severity index of the soybean disease green is as follows: the green degree index x=the green plant rate% ×the green pod rate;
step five, grading evaluation of severity of soybean dyscrasia: according to the soybean severity index of the whole soybean planting place calculated in the step four, the severity index of the whole soybean planting place can be correspondingly evaluated by comparing with the severity index of the whole soybean in a severity grading table; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0, the evaluation level is 0, and the severity of the soybean disease green is asymptomatic green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is X less than or equal to 0.05, the evaluation level is 1, and the severity of the soybean disease green is slight disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.05< X less than or equal to 0.10, the evaluation level is 2, and the severity of the soybean disease green is medium disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.10< X less than or equal to 0.20, the evaluation level is 3, and the severity of the soybean disease green is heavier disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.20< X less than or equal to 0.50, the evaluation level is 4, and the severity of the soybean disease green is serious disease green; when the severity index of soybean cyan of whole soybean plots was X >0.50, the evaluation level was 5, and the severity of soybean cyan was very severe cyan.
Fourth embodiment,
Step one, selecting a survey period: for investigation of the soybean disease green plant rate and the soybean pod rate, selecting soybeans which grow normally in the normal maturity period of the soybeans, and leading the ripe soybeans to enter the maturity period, and investigating whether the leaves are completely yellow or fall off;
Step two, investigation of soybean disease green plant rate: 1. soybean disease green judgment standard: 1.1, whole plant is green; 1.2, partial branching disease is blue or branch is normal, main stem disease is blue; 1.3, the whole plant is not completely green, the green pods are scattered and distributed, and the number of the non-graining pods is visually detected to be more than 10 percent; 2. the soybean disease green rate investigation method comprises the following steps: for soybean test cells with the area of less than 0.002 hectare, selecting one investigation sample point, randomly selecting 50 continuous soybean plants as investigation samples for investigation, calculating the disease strain rate of each sample point, and then calculating the average disease strain rate of all sample points as the disease strain rate of the whole land block; 3. calculating the soybean disease green plant rate: the calculation formula of the disease green plant rate is as follows: the disease strain rate%o =disease strain number x 100%/50 strains, wherein 50 strains were investigated for each spot for 50 consecutive soybeans; according to a calculation formula of the disease strain rate, the investigated disease strain number is brought into the disease strain rate formula, the disease strain rate of each sample point and the average disease strain rate of a plurality of sample points are calculated, and the average disease strain rate of a plurality of sample points is used as the disease strain rate of a whole area;
Step three, investigation of soybean disease green pod rate: 1. criteria for soybean pod rate: visual inspection of green and dark pod colors or inconsistent colors, wherein the plumpness of one pod is less than 80%, or the plumpness of one pod is less than 80% in two pods, or the plumpness of 2 pods is less than 80% in 3 pods, and judging that the pod is a green pod; 2. The investigation method of soybean disease green pod rate comprises the following steps: selecting 20 soybean plants from 50 soybean plants of the survey of the disease green plant rate sampling point in the second step, and surveying the total pod number and the disease green pod number of the disease green plants; 3. calculation of soyabean pod percentage: the calculation formula of the soybean disease green pod rate is as follows: pod rate% = total pod number of all investigation individuals x 100%/total pod number of all investigation individuals; calculating the soybean pod disease rate according to the calculation formula of the total pod number of the soybean pod disease strain and the pod disease rate carried in the soybean pod disease rate, wherein the average number of pod disease rates at various points is used as the pod disease rate of the land block;
step four, calculating severity index of soybean disease green: the calculated value of the soybean disease green plant rate in the second step and the calculated value of the soybean disease green pod rate in the third step are put into a soybean disease green severity index calculation formula to calculate a soybean disease green severity index; the calculation formula of the severity index of the soybean disease green is as follows: the green degree index x=the green plant rate% ×the green pod rate;
step five, grading evaluation of severity of soybean dyscrasia: according to the soybean severity index of the whole soybean planting place calculated in the step four, the severity index of the whole soybean planting place can be correspondingly evaluated by comparing with the severity index of the whole soybean in a severity grading table; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0, the evaluation level is 0, and the severity of the soybean disease green is asymptomatic green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is X less than or equal to 0.05, the evaluation level is 1, and the severity of the soybean disease green is slight disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.05< X less than or equal to 0.10, the evaluation level is 2, and the severity of the soybean disease green is medium disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.10< X less than or equal to 0.20, the evaluation level is 3, and the severity of the soybean disease green is heavier disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.20< X less than or equal to 0.50, the evaluation level is 4, and the severity of the soybean disease green is serious disease green; when the severity index of soybean cyan of whole soybean plots was X >0.50, the evaluation level was 5, and the severity of soybean cyan was very severe cyan.
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned scope, but the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make routine modifications or equivalent substitutions according to the above description, which are all within the scope of the present invention. The technical content that is not described in detail in the invention is known in the prior art.
Claims (5)
1. A method for evaluating severity of soybean dyscrasia, characterized by: step one, selecting a survey period: for investigation of the soybean disease green plant rate and the soybean pod rate, investigation is carried out when the soybean grows normally in the normal maturity stage, namely the soybean grows normally to enter the maturity stage and the leaves are completely yellow or fall off; step two, investigation of soybean disease green plant rate: 1. soybean disease green judgment standard: 1.1, whole plant is green; 1.2, partial branching disease is blue or branch is normal, main stem disease is blue; 1.3, the whole plant is not completely green, the green pods are scattered and distributed, and the number of the non-graining pods is visually detected to be more than 10 percent; 2. the soybean disease green rate investigation method comprises the following steps: selecting a plurality of investigation sampling points according to the size of the soybean planting land, investigating 50 continuous soybeans at each sampling point, calculating the disease strain rate of each sampling point, and then calculating the average disease strain rate of all the sampling points as the disease strain rate of the whole land; 3. calculating the soybean disease green plant rate: the calculation formula of the disease green plant rate is as follows: the disease strain rate%o disease strain number x 100%/50 strain; according to a calculation formula of the disease strain rate, the investigated disease strain number is brought into the disease strain rate formula, the disease strain rate of each sample point and the average disease strain rate of a plurality of sample points are calculated, and the average disease strain rate of a plurality of sample points is used as the disease strain rate of a whole area; step three, investigation of soybean disease green pod rate: 1. criteria for soybean pod rate: visual inspection of green and dark pod colors or inconsistent colors, wherein the plumpness of one pod is less than 80%, or the plumpness of one pod is less than 80% in two pods, or the plumpness of 2 pods is less than 80% in 3 pods, and judging that the pod is a green pod; 2. the investigation method of soybean disease green pod rate comprises the following steps: selecting 20 soybean plants from 50 soybean plants of the survey of the disease green plant rate sampling point in the second step, and surveying the total pod number and the disease green pod number of the disease green plants; 3. calculation of soyabean pod percentage: the calculation formula of the soybean disease green pod rate is as follows: pod rate% = total pod number of all investigation individuals x 100%/total pod number of all investigation individuals; calculating the soybean pod disease rate according to the calculation formula of the total pod number of the soybean pod disease strain and the pod disease rate carried in the soybean pod disease rate, wherein the average number of pod disease rates at various points is used as the pod disease rate of the land block; step four, calculating severity index of soybean disease green: substituting the calculated value of the soybean disease green plant rate in the second step and the calculated value of the soybean disease green pod rate in the third step into a soybean disease green severity index calculation formula to calculate a soybean disease green severity index; the calculation formula of the severity index of the soybean disease green is as follows: the green degree index x=the green plant rate% ×the green pod rate; step five, grading evaluation of severity of soybean dyscrasia: according to the soybean severity index of the whole soybean planting place calculated in the step four, the severity index of the whole soybean planting place can be correspondingly evaluated by comparing the severity index of the soybean in the soybean severity index grading table; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0, the evaluation level is 0, and the severity of the soybean disease green is asymptomatic green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is X less than or equal to 0.05, the evaluation level is 1, and the severity of the soybean disease green is slight disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.05< X less than or equal to 0.10, the evaluation level is 2, and the severity of the soybean disease green is medium disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.10< X less than or equal to 0.20, the evaluation level is 3, and the severity of the soybean disease green is heavier disease green; when the severity index of the soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is 0.20< X less than or equal to 0.50, the evaluation level is 4, and the severity of the soybean disease green is serious disease green; when the severity index of soybean disease green of the whole soybean block is X >0.50, the evaluation level is 5, and the severity of soybean disease green is very serious disease green; the severity of the soybean is graded from 0 to 5, and the severity of the corresponding symptoms is no symptom, slight symptom, medium symptom, heavier symptom, severe symptom and very severe symptom.
2. The method for evaluating severity of soybean cyan according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, for soybean plots with the area larger than 1 hectare, 10 survey sampling points which are uniformly distributed are selected in the field, 50 continuous soybeans are surveyed at each sampling point, the disease green plant rate of each sampling point is calculated, and then the average disease green plant rate of 10 sampling points is calculated and is used as the disease green plant rate of the whole plot.
3. The method for evaluating severity of soybean cyan according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, 8 investigation spots which are uniformly distributed are selected in the field for soybean plots with the area between 0.1 hectare and 1 hectare, 50 continuous soybeans are investigated at each spot, the disease strain rate of each spot is calculated, and then the average disease strain rate of 8 spots is calculated to be used as the disease strain rate of the whole plot.
4. The method for evaluating severity of soybean cyan according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, for soybean plots with the area below 0.1 hectare, 3-5 survey spots which are uniformly distributed are selected in the field, 50 continuous soybeans are surveyed at each spot, the disease strain rate of each spot is calculated, and then the average disease strain rate of 5 spots is calculated to be used as the disease strain rate of the whole plot.
5. The method for evaluating severity of soybean cyan according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, for soybean test plots with the area of less than 0.002 hectare, a survey sample point is selected, 50 continuous soybeans are randomly selected as survey samples for investigation, and the calculated green plant rate is used as the green plant rate of the soybean test plot.
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