CN113310437A - Method and device for automatically measuring wire section shrinkage - Google Patents
Method and device for automatically measuring wire section shrinkage Download PDFInfo
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- CN113310437A CN113310437A CN202110594699.9A CN202110594699A CN113310437A CN 113310437 A CN113310437 A CN 113310437A CN 202110594699 A CN202110594699 A CN 202110594699A CN 113310437 A CN113310437 A CN 113310437A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring areas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
Abstract
A method and a device for automatically measuring the reduction of area of a wire belong to the field of automatic detection and comprise the following steps: s1, acquiring a fracture image of the fractured sample after the sample to be tested is fractured; step S2, transmitting the fracture image to a processing system; step S3, the processing system splices the fracture image along the axial direction of the stretch-breaking sample, and fitting is carried out according to the curvature radius of a contraction path at the minimum contraction position of the spliced image to obtain an upper fitting circle and a lower fitting circle; the vertical distance between the lowest point of the upper fitting circle and the top point of the lower fitting circle is used as the minimum contraction diameter d after fracture; and step S4, the processing system calculates the minimum cross-sectional area after fracture and the original cross-sectional area according to the minimum diameter D after fracture and the original diameter D of the sample to be measured, and the reduction of area is obtained. The method and the device can realize irregular fracture measurement, are simple and convenient to operate and fast, do not need manual intervention, and are high in detection efficiency and measurement accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of automatic detection, in particular to a method and a device for automatically measuring the reduction of area of a wire.
Background
The plastic deformation refers to the deformation of the material under the action of external force, and after the external force is removed, the elastic deformation part disappears, and the part which is not recovered but remains is deformed, and the reduction of area is one of the important performance indexes for measuring the plastic deformation capability of the material. When the reduction of area is measured, a standard tensile specimen is used for stretch breaking, and the percentage of the quotient of the difference between the sectional area of the necked portion of the specimen and the original sectional area is the reduction of area.
Most of the existing section shrinkage rate tests are manually carried out, the strength is high, the repeatability is high, the accuracy is difficult to guarantee, and the reproducibility is poor. In the GB/T228.1 room temperature tensile test method, the determination of the minimum cross-sectional area after fracture is required to be accurate to +/-2%, but the accuracy of the cross-sectional area after fracture of a small-diameter round wire sample is difficult to achieve +/-2%.
In recent years, much research has been conducted on the measurement of the shrinkage after fracture of a tensile sample.
The patent "a metal reduction of area accounting device" proposes, includes bottom plate, electronic slip table, camera and self-holding centering mechanism, adopts the vision scanning mode in this patent, need not splice the sample after breaking, even the sample fracture is irregular, also can quick measurement. The patent 'a method for detecting the reduction of area of a sample in a thermal tensile test' proposes that a sample fracture in the thermal tensile test is obtained by a rubbing method, then a digital camera collects a rubbing surface, and if the sample fracture is a regular fracture, an area calculation formula is adopted; if the fracture is irregular, taking the average value of the cross section areas of the two sections of samples to calculate the post-fracture shrinkage rate. The 2 patents respectively adopt a visual scanning or rubbing method, splicing is not needed to collect the post-fracture morphology, the minimum cross-sectional area after fracture is calculated, but the shape of a post-fracture sample can present different fractures after fracture according to parameters such as strength, and particularly, under the condition of an irregular fracture, the complete fracture morphology can be presented after splicing of two ends.
The patent 'a method for measuring elongation and reduction of area after fracture of tensile sample' proposes that fractures of two sections of samples after tensile fracture are completely spliced, and the minimum diameter after fracture is obtained through conversion by utilizing the relation between the pixel length of a calibrated photo before measurement and the actual size, so that the reduction of area is calculated. However, the difficulty of completely splicing the broken samples is high, the consistent positions of the two sections of the broken samples are not fixed, the two sections of the broken samples are not twisted relatively, splicing which is not at the same position is difficult to avoid during splicing, data distortion is caused, in addition, the fracture is generally in an oval shape or an irregular round shape, and the calculation directly by adopting a round area formula is not accurate enough.
Therefore, it is urgently needed to invent a method for automatically measuring the reduction of area, which can finish automatic measurement and calculation, automatically output a calculation result, does not need manual intervention, can realize measurement of irregular fractures, and has high detection efficiency and high accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, one of the purposes of the present application is to provide a method and a device for automatically measuring the reduction of area of a wire rod, which are simple and fast to operate, have strong versatility, and save the manual operation process, have high detection efficiency, and improve the measurement accuracy.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a method for automatically measuring a reduction of area of a wire, which specifically includes the following steps:
s1, acquiring a fracture image of the fractured sample after the sample to be tested is fractured;
step S2, transmitting the fracture image to a processing system;
step S3, the processing system splices the fracture image along the axial direction of the stretch-breaking sample, and fitting is carried out according to the curvature radius of a contraction path at the minimum contraction position of the spliced image to obtain an upper fitting circle and a lower fitting circle; the vertical distance between the lowest point of the upper fitting circle and the top point of the lower fitting circle is used as the minimum contraction diameter d after fracture;
and step S4, the processing system calculates the minimum cross-sectional area after fracture and the original cross-sectional area according to the minimum diameter D after fracture and the original diameter D of the sample to be measured, and the reduction of area is obtained.
In the process of acquiring the fracture image in the step S1, there is no relative rotation between the stretch-broken samples.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the fracture image is acquired by using a probe of an image acquisition module, and a distribution surface of the probe is perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the stretch-broken sample.
In a preferred embodiment, the image acquisition module further comprises a light source, and the light source is positioned on an extension line of a connecting line of the probe and the broken sample straight line.
In a preferred embodiment, the image acquisition module further comprises an acquisition box body, and a probe assembly arranged inside the acquisition box body; the probe assembly comprises a probe and a light source arranged on an extension line of a connecting line between the probe and the snapping sample;
preferably, the image acquisition module is provided with at least two groups of probe assemblies;
preferably, the probe resolution is 10 μm or more.
In a preferred embodiment, the fracture image acquisition is carried out by clamping the fractured sample by using a mechanical arm, and the mechanical arm needs to rotate 180 degrees in the longitudinal direction after clamping the fractured sample.
The minimum cross-sectional area measuring accuracy of the test sample to be measured after breakage is within +/-2%.
The application also provides a device for realizing automatic measurement of wire rod reduction of area, specifically includes: the device comprises a size measuring device, a fracture stretching device, a mechanical arm, an image acquisition module, a processing system and a transmission module.
The size measuring device is used for measuring the initial diameter of the sample to be measured;
the fracture stretching device is used for stretching the sample to be tested to fracture;
the manipulator is used for clamping a broken sample to be tested to the image acquisition module;
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring fracture side-view images of the fractured sample to be detected;
the processing system is used for processing the fracture side view image and the initial diameter to obtain a shrinkage rate;
the transmission module is used for collecting the data of the size measuring device and the data of the image acquisition module and transmitting the data to the processing system;
the manipulator comprises a clamping hand, a clamping arm, a clamping upright post, a base and a controller, and has the functions of positioning, integral rotation, head rotation and detecting and identifying whether the manipulator is in a clamping state;
the image acquisition module comprises an acquisition box body and a probe assembly arranged in the acquisition box body; the probe assembly comprises a probe and a light source arranged on an extension line of a connecting line between the probe and the snapping sample;
preferably, the image acquisition module is provided with at least two groups of probe assemblies.
The beneficial effect of this application includes:
the image fitting technology is innovatively adopted, the arc fitting is utilized for direct measurement, most of fractures are nonstandard circles, even fracture positions are irregular shapes sometimes, and the fractures are difficult to be in seamless butt joint, so that influence points can be removed through fitting, the trend of shrinkage cannot be influenced by the removed influence point parts, and the accuracy of measurement results is guaranteed.
Utilize the manipulator clamp to get in this application and break the sample and carry out image acquisition, the manipulator has controllability, strong adaptability, can adapt to the sample of different diameters or weight, and keeps two sections to break the sample and does not take place relative rotation in the acquisition process, has guaranteed the degree of accuracy of image concatenation, and then guarantees the degree of accuracy of fit data and measuring result.
The method has the advantages of simple and quick operation, strong universality, no need of manual intervention, avoidance of the problems of low measurement shrinkage precision, large deviation and high repeatability, realization of automatic measurement of the shrinkage rate of the section, high detection efficiency and high measurement accuracy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present application for automatically measuring reduction of area
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an image acquisition module according to an embodiment of the present application
FIG. 3 shows the test procedure in example 1 of the present application
FIG. 4 shows the test procedures in example 2 of the present application
FIG. 5 shows the test procedures in example 3 of the present application
FIG. 6 shows the test procedure in example 4 of the present application
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially. The detection method is not particularly described, and the detection is carried out according to national standards or conventional detection methods.
In order to realize automatic measurement of the reduction of area of the wire rod, the present application exemplarily provides an automatic measurement method to facilitate the implementation of the present application by those skilled in the art, and the flow diagram is shown in fig. 1.
S1, acquiring a fracture image of the fractured sample after the sample to be tested is fractured;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, a sample to be tested is loaded into a fracture stretching device, the fracture stretching device can adopt a conventional stretching machine, after the sample to be tested is fractured, an image acquisition module is utilized to acquire fracture images of the fractured sample, and in the acquisition process, the fractured sample does not rotate relatively.
In a possible embodiment, the image acquisition module comprises a probe, the probe is used for acquiring the fracture image, and the distributing surface of the probe is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the stretch-breaking sample. The stretch-broken sample is generally a round wire rod, and the longitudinal direction of the wire rod is a longitudinal direction, and the width direction of the wire rod is a transverse direction. Therefore, when acquiring fracture images, the cloth distribution surface of the probe is required to be kept vertical to the longitudinal direction of the sample.
In a possible embodiment, the image acquisition module further comprises a light source, the light source is positioned on an extension of a connection line between the probe and the fractured sample, and the probe and the light source are both kept perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the fractured sample; the distribution surface of the light source is opposite to the distribution surface of the probe, and the light source provides a backlight light source for the probe, so that the fracture appearance of the stretch-breaking sample is clearer.
In a possible embodiment, the image acquisition module further comprises an acquisition box body, and a probe assembly arranged inside the acquisition box body; the probe assembly comprises a probe and a light source arranged on an extension line of a connecting line between the probe and the tensile breaking sample, as shown in FIG. 2; after the sample to be tested is pulled off, the mechanical arm clamps the pulled-off sample to an acquisition box body, places the fracture position of the sample to be tested between the probe and the light source, and acquires fracture images; the probe assemblies at least comprise two groups, such as three groups or four groups, and the plurality of probe assemblies can collect fracture images from all angles of the stretch-breaking sample, so that the accuracy of subsequent measurement is improved; the resolution of the probe is more than 10 mu m.
The manipulator is positioned at the front end of the stretcher and comprises a clamping hand, a clamping arm, a clamping upright and a base, wherein the clamping hand and the clamping arm, the clamping arm and the clamping upright and the base are axially and rotatably connected, and the bottom of the base is circular and can rotate along the circumferential direction; the manipulator is started through the internal controller after the sample to be tested is pulled off.
The manipulator firstly finds the snap-off sample through the positioning function at the foremost end of the clamping hand, and the clamping hand starts to clamp the snap-off sample; when the manipulator detects that the manipulator is currently in a clamping state, the clamping hand, the clamping arm and the clamping stand column work, the base rotates to the front end of the image acquisition device, a snapping sample which is clamped is put into the acquisition box body, and the fracture position of the snapping sample is kept to be arranged in the acquisition box body, the probe and the light source are used for performing fracture image acquisition.
Furthermore, when the fracture stretching device adopts a vertical stretching machine, the manipulator clamps the lower tensile breaking sample and then clamps the lower tensile breaking sample to the acquisition box body after longitudinally rotating for 180 degrees, so as to ensure that the fracture position is arranged between the probe and the light source.
Step S2, transmitting the fracture image to a processing system;
and probes of the image acquisition module are connected with the transmission module, and the fracture images can be transmitted to the processing system through the transmission module.
Step S3, the processing system splices the fracture image along the axial direction of the stretch-breaking sample, and fitting is carried out according to the curvature radius of a contraction path at the minimum contraction position of the spliced image to obtain an upper fitting circle and a lower fitting circle; the vertical distance between the lowest point of the upper fitting circle and the top point of the lower fitting circle is used as the minimum contraction diameter d after fracture;
and after receiving the fracture image acquired by the probe, the processing system can axially splice fracture pictures of the stretch-broken test sample acquired by the same probe. After the fracture is broken, the fracture appearance is often cup-shaped and projection-shaped, and a complete contraction can be realized after the two-section splicing is completed. This application only needs simple concatenation when the concatenation, does not force to require every group fracture image to splice together, and the camber of the accessible other end carries out the fitting butt joint, has simplified the concatenation process, has reduced the concatenation image requirement, has avoided current concatenation not to cause the influence to measuring result well, and success rate, rate of accuracy are high.
And after splicing is finished, when the curvature radius of the contraction path at the minimum contraction position of the image is fitted, burrs, foreign matters and the like on the surface of the spliced image are removed, so that the burrs, the foreign matters and the like are prevented from influencing the curvature radius of the fitting circle.
A minimum contraction position exists on the spliced image, and the upper side and the lower side of the minimum contraction position in the axial direction are fitted along the curvature radius of a contraction path respectively to obtain an upper fitting circle and a lower fitting circle; since most of the fracture is irregular circle, even the fracture position is irregular sometimes, and it is difficult to joint together seamlessly, the influence point can be removed by fitting, and the removed influence point part does not influence the shrinkage tendency. The minimum shrinkage diameter of the irregular fracture can be calculated in a fitting mode, and the accuracy of a measuring result is guaranteed.
And taking the vertical distance between the lowest point of the upper fitting circle and the top point of the lower fitting circle as the minimum contraction diameter d after fracture.
In a possible implementation scheme, when the probe assemblies are two groups, the snapping of the sample can obtain 2 groups of spliced images, and according to the vertical distance between the two groups of spliced images, the average value of the two groups of vertical distances is taken as the post-fracture minimum shrinkage diameter d of the sample to be detected.
Illustratively, when the probe assembly is three groups, the average value of the vertical distances of the three groups of spliced images is used as the post-fracture minimum shrinkage diameter d of the sample to be measured.
Illustratively, when the probe assembly is four groups, the average value of the vertical distances of the four groups of spliced images is used as the post-fracture minimum shrinkage diameter d of the sample to be measured.
The fracture image of the stretch-breaking sample is collected through multiple angles, fracture contraction of the stretch-breaking sample is monitored in an all-around mode, for irregular fractures, fracture contraction in different directions is monitored through multiple groups of probes, multiple groups of vertical distances are obtained through fitting, the minimum cross-sectional area after fracture is calculated by taking the average value of the vertical distances as the minimum contraction diameter after fracture, and the result is more accurate.
And step S4, the processing system calculates the minimum cross-sectional area after fracture and the original cross-sectional area according to the minimum diameter D after fracture and the original diameter D of the sample to be measured, and the reduction of area is obtained.
The diameter of an original sample to be measured can be measured in a surrounding mode through laser of the size measuring device, measurement data are uploaded to the processing system, and the processing system directly calculates to obtain the post-fracture shrinkage rate Z according to the diameter D of the original sample to be measured and the post-fracture minimum shrinkage diameter D.
Specifically, the post-fracture shrinkage Z can be calculated using the following formula:
wherein Z is the reduction of area, S0Is the original cross-sectional area, SUThe minimum cross-sectional area after fracture, D is the original sample diameter to be measured, and D is the minimum shrinkage diameter after fracture.
The application also provides a device for realizing automatic measurement of wire rod reduction of area, specifically includes: the device comprises a size measuring device, a fracture stretching device, a mechanical arm, an image acquisition module, a processing system and a transmission module.
The size measuring device is used for measuring the initial diameter of the sample to be measured;
the fracture stretching device is used for stretching the sample to be tested to fracture;
the manipulator is used for clamping a broken sample to be tested to the image acquisition module;
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring fracture side-view images of the fractured sample to be detected;
the processing system is used for processing the fracture side view image and the initial diameter to obtain a shrinkage rate;
the transmission module is used for collecting the data of the size measuring device and the data of the image acquisition module and transmitting the data to the processing system;
the manipulator comprises a clamping hand, a clamping arm, a clamping upright post, a base and a controller; the device has the functions of positioning, integral rotation, head rotation and detecting and identifying whether the device is in a clamping state;
the image acquisition module comprises an acquisition box body and a probe assembly arranged in the acquisition box body; the probe assembly comprises a probe and a light source arranged on an extension line of a connecting line between the probe and the snapping sample;
preferably, the image acquisition module is provided with at least two groups of probe assemblies.
Example 1
The method for automatically measuring the reduction of area of the wire rod is provided, the specific brand of a sample material to be measured is 10B21, and the sample to be measured is broken by adopting a ZWICK 600kN electronic stretcher.
The first step is as follows: after a sample to be tested is pulled off, the upper pulling-off sample is firstly clamped through a manipulator, the fracture position of the clamped upper pulling-off sample is placed between two groups of probe assemblies in an acquisition box body, the longitudinal direction of the pulling-off sample is kept to be vertical to the distribution surfaces of the probes and the light source, compensation light is emitted through the light source, the probes start acquisition of fracture images, and the acquired images are transmitted to a processing system;
the second step is that: the manipulator continues to clamp the lower breaking sample, the head part of the manipulator rotates 180 degrees longitudinally, the fracture position of the lower breaking sample is ensured to face downwards, the fracture position of the lower breaking sample is placed between the probe assemblies in the acquisition box body according to the same moving path as the upper breaking sample, no relative torsion exists between the upper breaking sample and the lower breaking sample, the longitudinal direction of the breaking sample is kept to be vertical to the distribution surfaces of the two groups of probes, and the fracture image of the lower breaking sample is acquired and transmitted;
the third step: the processing system performs axial splicing on fracture images of upper and lower fracture samples collected by the same probe to obtain two groups of spliced images, as shown in fig. 3; removing burrs on the surface of the image, fitting according to the curvature radius of a contraction path at the minimum contraction position of the spliced image to obtain an upper fitting circle and a lower fitting circle, wherein the vertical distance is formed between the lowest point of the fitted upper arc and the top point of the fitted lower arc;
the fourth step: the processing system respectively has d according to the vertical distance of the two groups of spliced images1＝3.53mm，d2Taking the average value of two groups of vertical distances as the minimum post-fracture shrinkage diameter d of the sample to be measured, wherein d is 3.71mm, and calculating the post-fracture shrinkage rate Z1。
Example 2
The method for automatically measuring the wire section shrinkage is provided, the specific mark of a sample material to be measured is ML08AL steel, and a ZWICK 300kN electronic stretcher is adopted.
The first step is as follows: after a sample to be detected is pulled off, the upper pulling-off sample is firstly clamped through a manipulator, the fracture position of the clamped upper pulling-off sample is placed between two groups of probe assemblies in an acquisition box body, the longitudinal direction of the pulling-off sample is kept to be vertical to the distribution surfaces of the probes and the light source, compensation light is emitted through the light source, the probes start acquisition of fracture images, and the acquired images are transmitted to a processing system;
the second step is that: the manipulator continues to clamp the lower breaking sample, the head part of the manipulator rotates 180 degrees longitudinally, the fracture position of the lower breaking sample is ensured to face downwards, the fracture position of the lower breaking sample is placed between the probe assemblies in the acquisition box body according to the same moving path as the upper breaking sample, no relative torsion exists between the upper breaking sample and the lower breaking sample, the longitudinal direction of the breaking sample is kept to be vertical to the distribution surfaces of the two groups of probes, and the fracture image of the lower breaking sample is acquired and transmitted;
the third step: the processing system carries out axial splicing on fracture images of upper and lower fracture samples collected by the same probe to obtain two groups of spliced images, as shown in FIG. 4; removing burrs on the surface of the image, fitting according to the curvature radius of a contraction path at the minimum contraction position of the spliced image to obtain an upper fitting circle and a lower fitting circle, wherein the vertical distance is formed between the lowest point of the fitted upper arc and the top point of the fitted lower arc;
the fourth step: the processing system respectively has d according to the vertical distance of the two groups of spliced images3＝3.77mm，d4Taking the average value of two groups of vertical distances as the minimum post-fracture shrinkage diameter d of the sample to be measured, wherein d is 3.71mm, and calculating the post-fracture shrinkage rate Z2。
Example 3
The method for automatically measuring the wire section shrinkage is provided, the material brand of a sample to be measured is SWRCH8A, and a ZWICK 600kN electronic stretcher is adopted.
The first step is as follows: after a sample to be tested is pulled off, the upper pulling-off sample is firstly clamped through a manipulator, the fracture position of the clamped upper pulling-off sample is placed between two groups of probe assemblies in an acquisition box body, the longitudinal direction of the pulling-off sample is kept to be vertical to the distribution surfaces of the probes and the light source, compensation light is emitted through the light source, the probes start acquisition of fracture images, and the acquired images are transmitted to a processing system;
the second step is that: the manipulator continues to clamp the lower breaking sample, the head part of the manipulator rotates 180 degrees longitudinally, the fracture position of the lower breaking sample is ensured to face downwards, the fracture position of the lower breaking sample is placed between the two groups of probe assemblies in the collection box body according to the same moving path as the upper breaking sample, no relative torsion exists between the upper breaking sample and the lower breaking sample, the longitudinal direction of the breaking sample is kept to be vertical to the distribution surfaces of the two groups of probes, and the fracture image of the lower breaking sample is collected and transmitted;
the third step: the processing system performs axial splicing on fracture images of upper and lower fracture samples acquired by the same probe to obtain two groups of spliced images, as shown in fig. 5; removing burrs on the surface of the image, fitting according to the curvature radius of a contraction path at the minimum contraction position of the spliced image to obtain an upper fitting circle and a lower fitting circle, wherein the vertical distance is formed between the lowest point of the fitted upper arc and the top point of the fitted lower arc;
the fourth step: the processing system respectively has d according to the vertical distance of the two groups of spliced images5＝6.82mm，d6Taking the average value of two groups of vertical distances as the minimum post-fracture shrinkage diameter d of the sample to be measured, wherein d is 6.80mm, and calculating the post-fracture shrinkage Z3。
Example 4
The method for automatically measuring the wire section shrinkage is provided, the specific mark of a sample material to be measured is SWRCH10A, and a ZWICK 600kN electronic stretcher is adopted.
The first step is as follows: after a sample to be tested is pulled off, the upper pulling-off sample is firstly clamped through a manipulator, the fracture position of the clamped upper pulling-off sample is placed between two groups of probe assemblies in an acquisition box body, the longitudinal direction of the pulling-off sample is kept to be vertical to the distribution surfaces of the probes and the light source, compensation light is emitted through the light source, the probes start acquisition of fracture images, and the acquired images are transmitted to a processing system;
the second step is that: the manipulator continues to clamp the lower breaking sample, the head part of the manipulator rotates 180 degrees longitudinally, the fracture position of the lower breaking sample is ensured to face downwards, the fracture position of the lower breaking sample is placed between two groups of probes and two groups of light sources in the collection box body according to the same moving path as the upper breaking sample, no relative torsion exists between the upper breaking sample and the lower breaking sample, the longitudinal direction of the breaking sample is kept perpendicular to the distribution surfaces of the two groups of probes, and the fracture image of the lower breaking sample is collected and transmitted;
the third step: the processing system performs axial splicing on fracture images of upper and lower fracture samples acquired by the same probe to obtain two groups of spliced images, as shown in fig. 6; removing burrs on the surface of the image, fitting according to the curvature radius of a contraction path at the minimum contraction position of the spliced image to obtain an upper fitting circle and a lower fitting circle, wherein the vertical distance is formed between the lowest point of the fitted upper arc and the top point of the fitted lower arc;
the fourth step: the processing system respectively has d according to the vertical distance of the two groups of spliced images7＝6.79mm，d8Taking the average value of two groups of vertical distances as the minimum post-fracture shrinkage diameter d of the sample to be measured, wherein d is 6.97mm, and calculating the post-fracture shrinkage rate Z4。
Table 1 measurement results and accuracy in the examples of the present application
| Examples | Shrinkage after fracture | Accuracy of |
| Example 1 | Z1＝38％ | 2％ |
| Example 2 | Z2＝77％ | 1％ |
| Example 3 | Z3＝74％ | 1％ |
| Example 4 | Z4＝70％ | 1％ |
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, which may be modified or varied by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for automatically measuring the reduction of area of a wire is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring a fracture image of the fractured sample after the sample to be tested is fractured;
step S2, transmitting the fracture image to a processing system;
step S3, the processing system splices the fracture image along the axial direction of the stretch-breaking sample, and fitting is carried out according to the curvature radius of a contraction path at the minimum contraction position of the spliced image to obtain an upper fitting circle and a lower fitting circle; taking the vertical distance between the lowest point of the upper fitting circle and the top point of the lower fitting circle as the minimum contraction diameter d after fracture;
and step S4, the processing system calculates the minimum cross-sectional area after fracture and the original cross-sectional area according to the minimum diameter D after fracture and the original diameter D of the sample to be measured, and the reduction of area is obtained.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein there is no relative rotation between the fractured samples during the step S1 of acquiring the fracture images.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 is performed by using a probe of an image acquisition module to acquire the fracture image, and a distribution surface of the probe is perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the stretch-broken sample.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the image acquisition module comprises a light source located on an extension of an extension connection line of the probe to the snap-off sample line.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the image acquisition module further comprises an acquisition housing, and a probe assembly disposed within the acquisition housing;
the probe assembly comprises a probe and a light source arranged on an extension line of a connecting line between the probe and the snapping sample;
preferably, the image acquisition module is provided with at least two groups of probe assemblies;
preferably, the probe resolution is 10 μm or more.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the fracture image acquisition is performed by gripping the fractured sample with a robot that needs to be rotated 180 ° longitudinally after gripping the fractured sample.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the stitched images are at least two groups, fitting at least two groups of upper fitting circles and lower fitting circles are obtained,
preferably, the average value of the vertical distance between the lowest point of the at least two sets of upper fitting circles and the top point of the lower fitting circle is taken as the post-fracture minimum contraction diameter d.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the post-disruption minimum cross-sectional area measurement is accurate to within ± 2%.
9. A device for automatically measuring the reduction of area of a wire rod is characterized by comprising
The size measuring device is used for measuring the initial diameter of the sample to be measured;
the fracture stretching device is used for stretching the sample to be tested to fracture;
the manipulator is used for clamping a broken sample to be tested to the image acquisition module;
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring fracture side-view images of the fractured sample to be detected;
the processing system is used for processing the fracture side view image and the initial diameter to obtain a shrinkage rate;
and the transmission module is used for collecting the data of the size measuring device and the data of the image acquisition module and transmitting the data to the processing system.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the image acquisition module comprises an acquisition housing and a probe assembly disposed within the acquisition housing;
the probe assembly comprises a probe and a light source arranged on an extension line of a connecting line between the probe and the snapping sample;
preferably, the image acquisition module is provided with at least two groups of probe assemblies.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110594699.9A CN113310437B (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2021-05-28 | Method and device for automatically measuring wire rod area shrinkage |
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| CN109870354A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-06-11 | 吉林大学 | Round metal bars sample is uniaxially stretched elongation after fracture method for automatic measurement |
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