CN113308710B - Conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of energy materials, and the method comprises the following steps: sequentially immersing qualitative filter paper into a nickel sulfate solution and a sodium borohydride solution, and then cleaning and drying to obtain the cellulose filter paper loaded with the nickel simple substance; soaking the cellulose filter paper loaded with the nickel simple substance into a mixed solution A of anhydrous sodium sulfate, sodium succinate, dimethyl ammonia borane, sodium hypophosphite and nickel sulfate for 0.5-1.5 h, and then cleaning and drying to obtain conductive cellulose filter paper; the conductive cellulose filter paper is used as a working electrode, the electrodeposition is carried out by using the aqueous solution of ruthenium chloride in a three-electrode system, the obtained product is dried after being cleaned, and the obtained conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst shows lower overpotential and good conductivity, and can be used as a self-supporting catalyst for the anodic oxygen evolution reaction of electrolyzed water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy materials, and particularly relates to a conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst and a preparation method thereof.
Technical Field
As the energy crisis and environmental problems caused by the excessive consumption of traditional fossil fuel systems have become more severe, numerous scholars have been devoted to find new energy systems. Hydrogen has a high calorific value and produces only water during use, is environmentally friendly and is considered to be the most promising clean energy source. The electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen has received much attention as a novel energy conversion technology. The water electrolysis comprises an anodic Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) and a cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction, wherein the anodic oxygen evolution reaction is a four-electron transfer process, and serious kinetic and thermodynamic retardation processes exist, so that the overpotential is large, the reaction efficiency is low, and the further development of the water electrolysis is seriously hindered. At present, the most active catalysts for OER are the noble metals ruthenium (Ru) and iridium (Ir) and their oxides. However, the expensive price and scarcity have limited the commercial use of precious metals. To overcome this difficulty, it is a preferred strategy to appropriately reduce the amount of noble metal in the catalyst.
The development of the nano-scale noble metal catalyst not only improves the OER performance, but also reduces the use cost of the noble metal. These catalysts require the use of stable supports to anchor the noble metal elements, thereby reducing agglomeration of the noble metal and substantially exposing the active sites of the catalyst. Common support materials are mainly nitrogen-doped carbon materials, metal oxides, metal organic frameworks and layered double hydroxides. The support materials are all powder materials, the electrochemical active area of the surface of the glassy carbon electrode is limited by adding a conductive adhesive in the using process, and the active materials are easy to peel off and have poor stability in the using process. In comparison, self-supported catalysts have the following advantages: (1) the use of binders and additional conductive additives can be avoided; (2) the agglomeration of the nano catalyst material is avoided; (3) the active sites of the catalyst are fully utilized. This has led to extensive attention being paid to self-supporting catalysts. Common support materials mainly include metal materials such as foamed nickel, titanium foil, copper foil and iron foil, and carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and carbon fibers. Although these substrates have good electrical conductivity and mechanical properties, they also have inherent disadvantages such as high cost, poor flexibility, heavy weight, etc. Therefore, the substrate is expanded into a cheap, abundant, flexible and environment-friendly substrate, and has great practical value and environmental benefit.
Cellulose is certainly the best candidate in terms of the ease with which the substrate can be obtained. Such materials are generally insulating and do not provide an electron-conducting path between the circuit and the electrocatalyst, severely limiting their application in the field of electrocatalysis.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst and the preparation method thereof, and the obtained oxygen evolution reaction catalyst takes cellulose as a substrate, shows lower overpotential and good conductivity, and is a self-supporting catalyst capable of being used for the anodic oxygen evolution reaction of electrolyzed water.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst comprises the following steps:
sequentially immersing qualitative filter paper into a nickel sulfate solution and a sodium borohydride solution, and then cleaning and drying to obtain the cellulose filter paper loaded with the nickel simple substance;
soaking the cellulose filter paper loaded with the nickel simple substance into a mixed solution A of anhydrous sodium sulfate, sodium succinate, dimethyl ammonia borane, sodium hypophosphite and nickel sulfate for 0.5-1.5 h, and then cleaning and drying to obtain conductive cellulose filter paper;
and taking the conductive cellulose filter paper as a working electrode, performing electrodeposition by using an aqueous solution of ruthenium chloride in a three-electrode system, and drying the cleaned product to obtain the conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst.
Preferably, the qualitative filter paper is firstly subjected to ultrasonic treatment in deionized water, then transferred to acetone for dipping, dried and then dipped into a nickel sulfate solution and a sodium borohydride solution.
Preferably, the concentration of the nickel sulfate solution is 0.15-0.35M.
Preferably, the concentration of the sodium borohydride solution is 0.4-0.6M.
Preferably, the qualitative filter paper is sequentially and circularly immersed into the nickel sulfate solution and the sodium borohydride solution, and is washed after 3-5 times of circulation.
Preferably, the washing in the step is washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence.
Preferably, the ratio of anhydrous sodium sulfate, sodium succinate, dimethyl ammonia borane, sodium hypophosphite, nickel sulfate and deionized water in the mixed solution A is (1.0-2.0) g: (2.0-3.0) g: (0.70-0.74) g: (0.090-0.098) g: (2.0-3.0) g: (80-120) mL.
Preferably, the cellulose filter paper loaded with the nickel simple substance is immersed into the mixed solution A at the temperature of 8-12 ℃.
Preferably, the conductive cellulose filter paper is electrodeposited for 5-20 min under the voltage of-0.6-1.2V.
The conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst is prepared by the preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite OER catalyst comprises the steps of sequentially immersing qualitative filter paper into a nickel sulfate solution and a sodium borohydride solution, the surface of the cellulose can firstly absorb nickel ions, then the nickel ions are reduced by sodium borohydride to form the cellulose filter paper loaded with the nickel simple substance, then the cellulose filter paper is taken as a substrate to be immersed into the mixed solution of anhydrous sodium sulfate, sodium succinate, dimethyl ammonia borane, sodium hypophosphite and nickel sulfate, through a chemical plating mode, amorphous divalent nickel, a small amount of boron and phosphorus are formed on the surface of the substrate to obtain conductive cellulose filter paper, the conductive cellulose filter paper is converted into a working electrode, the method can carry out electrodeposition by means of aqueous solution of ruthenium chloride in a three-electrode system, finally grow the electrocatalyst in situ, can prepare the high-activity oxygen evolution reaction catalyst, and can be used for electrolyzing water to evolve oxygen.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of the material obtained in step 3 of example 2 of the present invention at 200 nm.
FIG. 2 is an SEM photograph of the catalyst obtained in example 2 of the present invention at 200 nm.
FIG. 3 is an XRD spectrum of the catalyst obtained in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a polarization curve of the catalyst obtained in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
The preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite OER catalyst comprises the following steps:
step 1, cutting qualitative filter paper into 1 x 2cm 2 And placing the filter paper in deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20min, then transferring the filter paper subjected to ultrasonic treatment to acetone, soaking for 3h, and drying at room temperature to finish cleaning of the qualitative filter paper.
And 2, circularly immersing the dried filter paper into 0.15-0.35M nickel sulfate solution and 0.4-0.6M sodium borohydride solution which are prepared in situ in sequence, washing the filter paper by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence after circulating for 3-5 times, drying the filter paper at room temperature, and reducing the cellulose surface by using sodium borohydride after absorbing nickel ions to form the active cellulose filter paper loaded with the nickel simple substance.
And 3, weighing 1.0-2.0 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, 2.0-3.0 g of sodium succinate, 0.70-0.74 g of dimethyl ammonia borane, 0.090-0.098 g of sodium hypophosphite and 2.0-3.0 g of nickel sulfate hexahydrate, dissolving the sodium succinate, the dimethyl ammonia borane, the sodium hypophosphite and the nickel sulfate hexahydrate in 80-120 mL of deionized water, magnetically stirring to form a uniform solution, placing the uniform solution in a water bath at 8-12 ℃, soaking the filter paper obtained in the step 2 as a substrate into the substrate, reacting for 0.5-1.5 h, sequentially washing the obtained product with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol, forming amorphous divalent nickel on the surface of the substrate through chemical plating, and forming a small amount of boron and phosphorus to obtain the conductive cellulose filter paper.
And step 4, weighing 12-20 mg of ruthenium chloride hydrate and dissolving in 30mL of deionized water to form the electrodeposition solution. And (3) carrying out electrodeposition for 5-20 min by using a Chenghua CHI760E electrochemical workstation under a three-electrode system and by using a platinum electrode as a counter electrode, a saturated calomel electrode as a reference electrode and the material obtained in the step (3) as a working electrode under the condition that the applied voltage is-0.6 to-1.2V. And washing the obtained product with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence, and drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite OER catalyst.
Example 1
The preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite OER catalyst comprises the following steps:
step 1, cutting qualitative filter paper into 1 x 2cm 2 Placed in deionized water, sonicated for 20min, then the filter paper was transferred to acetone, soaked for 3h, and dried at room temperature.
And 2, repeatedly immersing the dried filter paper into 0.2M nickel sulfate and the prepared 0.6M sodium borohydride solution, washing the filter paper by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol after 3 times of immersion, and drying the filter paper at room temperature.
And 3, weighing 1.5g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, 2.5g of sodium succinate, 0.72g of dimethyl ammonia borane, 0.094g of sodium hypophosphite and 2.5g of nickel sulfate hexahydrate, dissolving in 100mL of deionized water, magnetically stirring to form a uniform solution, placing in a water bath at 10 ℃, soaking the filter paper obtained in the step 2 as a substrate in the uniform solution, reacting for 1h, and washing the obtained product with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol.
And 4, weighing 16mg of ruthenium chloride hydrate solution into 30mL of deionized water to form the electrodeposition solution. And (3) performing electrodeposition for 10min by using a Chenghua CHI760E electrochemical workstation under a three-electrode system and by using a platinum electrode as a counter electrode, a saturated calomel electrode as a reference electrode and the material obtained in the step (3) as a working electrode under the condition that the applied voltage is-0.6V. The obtained product is washed by deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol and dried at 60 ℃.
Example 2
The preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite OER catalyst comprises the following steps:
step 1, cutting qualitative filter paper into 1 x 2cm 2 Placed in deionized water, sonicated for 20min, then the filter paper was transferred to acetone, soaked for 3h, and dried at room temperature.
And 2, repeatedly immersing the dried filter paper into 0.2M nickel sulfate and the prepared 0.4M sodium borohydride solution, washing the filter paper by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol after 3 times of immersion, and drying the filter paper at room temperature.
And 3, weighing 1.5g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, 2.5g of sodium succinate, 0.72g of dimethyl ammonia borane, 0.094g of sodium hypophosphite and 2.5g of nickel sulfate hexahydrate, dissolving in 100mL of deionized water, magnetically stirring to form a uniform solution, placing in a water bath at 10 ℃, soaking the filter paper obtained in the step 2 as a substrate in the uniform solution, reacting for 1h, and washing the obtained product with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol.
And 4, weighing 16mg of ruthenium chloride hydrate solution into 30mL of deionized water to form the electrodeposition solution. And (3) performing electrodeposition for 10min by using a Chenghua CHI760E electrochemical workstation under a three-electrode system and by using a platinum electrode as a counter electrode, a saturated calomel electrode as a reference electrode and the material obtained in the step (3) as a working electrode under the condition that the applied voltage is-0.8V. The obtained product is washed by deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol and dried at 60 ℃.
As shown in FIG. 1, it can be seen that the cellulose surface is wrapped by the nanoparticles to give the cellulose filter paper good conductivity, which is about 40 s/cm. (ii) a
As shown in FIG. 2, it can be seen that the amorphous divalent nickel coated on the surface of the cellulose is nanospheres with a size of 200-500 nm, and ruthenium nanoparticles with smaller size are distributed on the surface of the divalent nickel.
As shown in fig. 3, the XRD spectrum of example 2 can be seen, which shows a characteristic peak of cellulose at 22.8 ° and a characteristic peak of amorphous Ni at 46.4 °, and no characteristic peak of Ru is found, indicating that the introduction of Ru does not change the crystallization property of the conductive cellulose.
As shown in FIG. 4, the polarization curve of example 2, 100mA/cm, can be seen 2 Corresponding to 1.6V, 1.6-1.23V is 0.37V, so the current density of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction can be driven to reach 100mA/cm by only 370mV of overpotential 2 Thus showing that the catalyst has excellent electrocatalytic performance.
Example 3
The preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite OER catalyst comprises the following steps:
step 1, cutting qualitative filter paper into 1 x 2cm 2 Placed in deionized water, sonicated for 20min, then the filter paper was transferred to acetone, soaked for 3h, and dried at room temperature.
And 2, repeatedly immersing the dried filter paper into 0.15M nickel sulfate and the prepared 0.5M sodium borohydride solution, washing the filter paper by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol after immersing for 4 times, and drying the filter paper at room temperature.
And 3, weighing 1.0g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, 2.0g of sodium succinate, 0.70g of dimethyl ammonia borane, 0.090g of sodium hypophosphite and 2.0g of nickel sulfate hexahydrate, dissolving the materials in 80mL of deionized water, magnetically stirring the materials to form a uniform solution, placing the uniform solution in a water bath at the temperature of 8 ℃, immersing the filter paper obtained in the step 2 as a substrate in the uniform solution, reacting for 1.5h, and washing the obtained product with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol.
And 4, weighing 12mg of ruthenium chloride hydrate solution in 30mL of deionized water to form the electrodeposition solution. And (3) performing electrodeposition for 10min by using a Chenghua CHI760E electrochemical workstation under a three-electrode system and by using a platinum electrode as a counter electrode, a saturated calomel electrode as a reference electrode and the material obtained in the step (3) as a working electrode under the condition that the applied voltage is-1.0V. The obtained product is washed by deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol and dried at 60 ℃.
Example 4
The preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite OER catalyst comprises the following steps:
step 1, cutting qualitative filter paper into 1 x 2cm 2 Placed in deionized water, sonicated for 20min, then the filter paper was transferred to acetone, soaked for 3h, and dried at room temperature.
And 2, repeatedly immersing the dried filter paper into 0.2M nickel sulfate and the prepared 0.6M sodium borohydride solution, washing the filter paper by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol after 3 times of immersion, and drying the filter paper at room temperature.
And 3, weighing 1.5g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, 2.5g of sodium succinate, 0.72g of dimethyl ammonia borane, 0.094g of sodium hypophosphite and 2.5g of nickel sulfate hexahydrate, dissolving in 100mL of deionized water, magnetically stirring to form a uniform solution, placing in a water bath at 10 ℃, soaking the filter paper obtained in the step 2 as a substrate in the uniform solution, reacting for 1h, and washing the obtained product with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol.
And 4, weighing 16mg of ruthenium chloride hydrate solution into 30mL of deionized water to form the electrodeposition solution. And (3) performing electrodeposition for 5min by using a Chenghua CHI760E electrochemical workstation under a three-electrode system and by using a platinum electrode as a counter electrode, a saturated calomel electrode as a reference electrode and the material obtained in the step (3) as a working electrode under the condition that the applied voltage is-0.8V. The obtained product is washed by deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol and dried at 60 ℃.
Example 5
The preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite OER catalyst comprises the following steps:
step 1, cutting qualitative filter paper into 1 x 2cm 2 Placed in deionized water, sonicated for 20min, then the filter paper was transferred to acetone, soaked for 3h, and dried at room temperature.
And 2, repeatedly immersing the dried filter paper into 0.2M nickel sulfate and the prepared 0.5M sodium borohydride solution, washing the filter paper by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol after immersing for 4 times, and drying the filter paper at room temperature.
And 3, weighing 1.5g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, 2.5g of sodium succinate, 0.72g of dimethyl ammonia borane, 0.094g of sodium hypophosphite and 2.5g of nickel sulfate hexahydrate, dissolving in 100mL of deionized water, magnetically stirring to form a uniform solution, placing in a water bath at 10 ℃, soaking the filter paper obtained in the step 2 as a substrate in the uniform solution, reacting for 1h, and washing the obtained product with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol.
And 4, weighing 16mg of ruthenium chloride hydrate solution into 30mL of deionized water to form the electrodeposition solution. And (3) performing electrodeposition for 15min by using a Chenghua CHI760E electrochemical workstation under a three-electrode system and by using a platinum electrode as a counter electrode, a saturated calomel electrode as a reference electrode and the material obtained in the step (3) as a working electrode under the condition that the applied voltage is-1.2V. The obtained product is washed by deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol and dried at 60 ℃.
Example 6
The preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite OER catalyst comprises the following steps:
step 1, cutting qualitative filter paper into 1 x 2cm 2 Placed in deionized water, sonicated for 20min, then the filter paper was transferred to acetone, soaked for 3h, and dried at room temperature.
And 2, repeatedly immersing the dried filter paper into 0.35M nickel sulfate and the prepared 0.4M sodium borohydride solution, washing the filter paper by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol after 5 times of immersion, and drying the filter paper at room temperature.
And 3, weighing 2.0g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, 3.0g of sodium succinate, 0.74g of dimethyl ammonia borane, 0.098g of sodium hypophosphite and 3.0g of nickel sulfate hexahydrate, dissolving in 120mL of deionized water, magnetically stirring to form a uniform solution, placing in a water bath at 12 ℃, soaking the filter paper obtained in the step 2 as a substrate in the uniform solution, reacting for 0.5h, and washing the obtained product with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol.
And 4, weighing 20mg of ruthenium chloride hydrate solution into 30mL of deionized water to form the electrodeposition solution. And (3) performing electrodeposition for 20min by using a Chenghua CHI760E electrochemical workstation under a three-electrode system and by using a platinum electrode as a counter electrode, a saturated calomel electrode as a reference electrode and the material obtained in the step (3) as a working electrode under the condition that the applied voltage is-0.8V. The obtained product is washed by deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol and dried at 60 ℃.
The catalyst performance characterization in the above examples is to be understood as being illustrative of the present invention and not limiting, and appropriate modifications and improvements within the meaning and range of equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
sequentially immersing qualitative filter paper into a nickel sulfate solution and a sodium borohydride solution, and then cleaning and drying to obtain the cellulose filter paper loaded with the nickel simple substance;
soaking the cellulose filter paper loaded with the nickel simple substance into a mixed solution A of anhydrous sodium sulfate, sodium succinate, dimethyl ammonia borane, sodium hypophosphite and nickel sulfate for 0.5-1.5 h, and then cleaning and drying to obtain conductive cellulose filter paper;
taking conductive cellulose filter paper as a working electrode, performing electrodeposition for 5-20 min at-0.6 to-1.2V by using an aqueous solution of ruthenium chloride in a three-electrode system, and drying an obtained product after cleaning to obtain the conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst.
2. The preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper-supported Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the qualitative filter paper is subjected to ultrasonic treatment in deionized water, then transferred to acetone for dipping, dried and then dipped in a nickel sulfate solution and a sodium borohydride solution.
3. The preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper supported Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the nickel sulfate solution is 0.15-0.35M.
4. The preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper supported Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the sodium borohydride solution is 0.4-0.6M.
5. The preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper loaded Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the qualitative filter paper is sequentially and circularly immersed into a nickel sulfate solution and a sodium borohydride solution, and is cleaned after being circulated for 3-5 times.
6. The method for preparing the conductive cellulose filter paper supported Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning in the step is washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence.
7. The preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper supported Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of anhydrous sodium sulfate, sodium succinate, dimethyl ammonia borane, sodium hypophosphite, nickel sulfate and deionized water in the mixed solution A is (1.0-2.0) g: (2.0-3.0) g: (0.70-0.74) g: (0.090-0.098) g: (2.0-3.0) g: (80-120) mL.
8. The preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper-supported Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the cellulose filter paper loaded with the nickel simple substance is immersed in the mixed solution A at a temperature of 8-12 ℃.
9. The conductive cellulose filter paper-supported Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst obtained by the preparation method of the conductive cellulose filter paper-supported Ru nanoparticle composite catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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