CN113305621B - Unclamping cutter mechanism and five-axis head electric spindle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tool loosening and clamping mechanism and a five-axis head electric spindle, and relates to the technical field of mechanical manufacturing. The hydraulic device drives the clamping component to loosen the cutter through the pull rod, the elastic force of the disc spring group can enable the clamping component to clamp the cutter through the pull rod, and the disc springs are combined into the disc spring group after being overlapped pairwise, so that the hydraulic device has good buffering and shock absorption capacity for providing the cutter pulling force required by the main shaft, has more remarkable effects of absorbing impact and dissipating energy due to the surface friction resistance effect of the overlapped disc springs, and is favorable for improving the processing precision.

Description

Unclamping cutter mechanism and five-axis head electric spindle

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machine manufacturing, in particular to a unclamping tool mechanism and a five-axis head electric spindle.

Background

With the rapid development of various industries such as aerospace, dies, automobiles and the like, the five-axis head electric spindle further improves the numerical control machine tool technology, and has high rotating speed, precision, efficiency and reliability. In the form, the research on the development trend of the five-shaft-head electric spindle has practical significance, and the advantages of the five-shaft linkage machining technology are more prominent.

The five-shaft-head electric spindle is a core component of a five-shaft linkage numerical control machine tool, the structural reasonability of the component directly influences the processing quality of a workpiece, the reliability of the action of loosening and clamping the cutter of the spindle is required to be ensured, and on one hand, the improvement of clamping force is ensured, so that the centering is ensured to be reliable, and the working safety is ensured to some extent; on the other hand, the action time of loosening the cutter is reduced, so that the auxiliary time in the machining process of changing the cutter is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

Among the prior art, what main shaft pine broach structure commonly used adopted is rectangle coil spring, under the condition of frequent tool changing for a long time, in case the spring fatigue produces the fracture, then the pulling force became invalid, and the cutter will be got rid of, produces danger, and simultaneously the main shaft is when high-speed rotatory, and coil spring produces the vibration under the effect of centrifugal force, influences the machining precision.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a unclamping tool mechanism and a five-axis head electric spindle, so as to solve the defects in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a five first electricity main shaft's pine presss from both sides sword mechanism, includes pull rod, centre gripping subassembly, hydraulic means and dish spring group, wherein, the pull rod slides and sets up in the axle center position of main shaft, the centre gripping subassembly is used for accepting the drive of pull rod is with pine sword or press from both sides the sword, hydraulic means is used for the drive the pull rod slides along the first direction so that centre gripping subassembly pine sword, the drive of the process that the dish spring group recovered deformation the pull rod slides along the second direction so that centre gripping subassembly presss from both sides the sword, first direction and second direction are opposite reversal, involution again behind two liang of coincide of each dish spring of dish spring group.

Furthermore, the disc spring group is sleeved on the periphery of the pull rod; one end of the disc spring group is abutted to the main shaft, the other end of the disc spring group is abutted to the pull rod, and the pull rod slides along the first direction to enable the disc spring group to deform.

Further, the clamping component is the pull claw component.

Furthermore, the clamping assembly comprises a blind rivet, one end of the blind rivet is connected with the pull rod in a sliding mode, a first annular groove is formed in the inner wall of the spindle, a notch of the first annular groove is a necking, a plurality of spheres distributed in an annular mode are movably arranged in the first annular groove, a second annular groove communicated with the first annular groove is formed in the inner wall of the spindle, a locking ring is arranged in the second annular groove in a sliding mode along the axial direction of the spindle, the inner wall face of the locking ring is composed of a cylindrical face and a conical face, and the locking ring is connected with the pull rod through a plurality of connecting rods.

Furthermore, the hydraulic device comprises an annular oil cylinder and a sliding ring, the inner peripheral side of the annular oil cylinder is open, the sliding ring is in sealing sliding connection with the inner peripheral side of the annular oil cylinder, an annular piston located in the annular oil cylinder is arranged on the sliding ring, the annular piston divides the annular oil cylinder into an upper oil cavity and a lower oil cavity, the upper oil cavity is communicated with a first oil inlet, the lower oil cavity is communicated with a second oil inlet, a first blocking and connecting part is fixedly connected to the inner peripheral side of the sliding ring, a second blocking and connecting part is fixedly connected to the peripheral side face of the pull rod, and the first blocking and connecting part is blocked and matched with the second blocking and connecting part.

A five-axis head electric spindle comprises a spindle and a motor driving the spindle to rotate, and further comprises the unclamping cutter mechanism arranged on the spindle.

Further, the motor cooling device further comprises a cooling water jacket for cooling the motor, and the cooling water jacket is coated on the peripheral side of the stator of the motor.

Furthermore, the cooling water jacket comprises an annular shell, the annular shell is wrapped on the periphery of the stator of the motor, a spiral cooling water tank is formed in the annular shell, and flowing cooling water is introduced into the cooling water tank.

Furthermore, the cooling water jacket comprises an annular shell, the annular shell is coated on the periphery of the stator of the motor, two parallel spiral water tanks are arranged on the annular shell, cooling water is respectively introduced into the two spiral water tanks, and the spiral flowing directions of the cooling water in the two spiral water tanks are opposite.

Furthermore, a third annular groove is formed in the inner side of the annular shell, two parallel spiral oil grooves are formed in the annular shell, the spiral oil grooves and the spiral oil grooves are distributed at intervals, the two spiral oil grooves are communicated with the third annular groove, a heat conduction oil cavity is formed among the spiral oil grooves, the third annular groove and the periphery side of the stator of the motor, and heat conduction oil is filled in the heat conduction oil cavity; a plurality of bulges are arranged on the peripheral side of the stator of the motor and extend into the spiral oil groove.

In the above technical solution, according to the unclamping tool mechanism provided by the invention, the hydraulic device drives the clamping component to unclamp the tool through the pull rod and compresses the disc spring group, the elastic force of the disc spring group can clamp the tool through the pull rod, each disc spring is folded in pairs and then combined into the disc spring group, so as to provide the broach (clamping tool) force required by the main shaft, and bear a very large load in a small space, and the unclamping tool mechanism has good buffering and shock absorbing capabilities.

Because the unclamping tool mechanism has the technical effects, the five-shaft-head electric spindle comprising the unclamping tool mechanism also has corresponding technical effects.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art according to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure at A in FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of a disc spring according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a structural sectional view of a disc spring according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an assembled structure of a hydraulic apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is an enlarged view of a structure at C in fig. 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1. a main shaft; 2. a pull rod; 3. a clamping assembly; 3.1, pulling nails; 3.2, a first annular groove; 3.3, a sphere; 3.4, a second annular groove; 3.5, locking ring; 3.6, connecting rods; 4. a hydraulic device; 4.1, an annular oil cylinder; 4.2, a slip ring; 4.3, a ring-shaped piston; 4.4, a first oil inlet; 4.5, a second oil inlet; 4.6, a first blocking part; 4.7, a second blocking part; 5. a disc spring set; 5.1, a disc spring; 6. a cooling water jacket; 6.1, an annular shell; 6.2, cooling water tanks; 6.3, a spiral water tank; 6.4, a third annular groove; 6.5, a spiral oil groove; 6.6, a bulge; 7. a motor; 7.1, a stator; 7.2, a rotor; 8. a bearing; 9. a spindle housing; 10. an air intake passage; 11. an annular sawtooth groove; 12. a concave ring; 13. a convex ring; 14. an outer gas ring; 15. an inner air ring.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, those skilled in the art will now describe the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1 to 8, a five-axis head electric spindle 1 unclamping tool mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a pull rod 2, a clamping assembly 3, a hydraulic device 4, and a disc spring set 5, where the pull rod 2 is slidably disposed at an axis position of the spindle 1, the clamping assembly 3 is configured to receive a driving force of the pull rod 2 to unclamp or clamp a tool, the hydraulic device 4 is configured to drive the pull rod 2 to slide along a first direction to unclamp the clamping assembly 3, the disc spring set 5 drives the pull rod 2 to slide along a second direction to clamp the clamping assembly 3 in a process of recovering deformation, the first direction and the second direction are opposite, and each disc spring 5.1 of the disc spring set 5 is folded in pairs.

Specifically, the axis of the main shaft 1 is provided with a through hole along the axis direction, the pull rod 2 is slidably disposed in the through hole of the main shaft 1 along the axis direction of the main shaft 1, the main shaft 1 and the pull rod 2 are in the prior art, and not described herein too much, further, each disc spring 5.1 of the disc spring set 5 is folded in pairs and then is folded, the disc spring set 5 is sleeved on the periphery of the pull rod 2, that is, the disc spring set 5 is coaxial with the pull rod 2, one end of the disc spring set 5 is abutted to the main shaft 1, and the other end of the disc spring set is abutted to the pull rod 2, since each annular disc spring 5.1 is sleeved on the pull rod 2, the elastic force of each disc spring 5.1 is concentrically transmitted, and therefore, the acting force of the disc spring 5.1 on the pull rod 2 is stable and is located on the axis of the main shaft 1. The clamping component 3 is mostly a pull claw component currently used, and as shown in fig. 1, the pull claw component is taken as the prior art and is not described herein again. The hydraulic device 4 is used for driving the pull rod 2 to slide towards a first direction, the clamping component 3 is triggered and loosens a cutter (cutter loosening), the first direction is the direction in which the pull rod 2 slides towards the clamping component 3 and the cutter along the axis of the main shaft 1, and meanwhile, the pull rod 2 overcomes the elastic force of the disc spring set 5 to drive the disc spring set 5 to compress and deform; after the replaced cutter is inserted into the taper hole at the front end of the shaft lever, after the hydraulic device 4 is closed, the disc spring group 5 loses the pressing force of the pull rod 2, the elastic force of the disc spring group 5 drives the pull rod 2 to move along a second direction opposite to the first direction, and at the moment, the pull rod 2 drives the clamping component 3 to clamp the cutter (knife holder).

In the above technical solution, according to the unclamping knife mechanism provided by the invention, the hydraulic device 4 drives the clamping component 3 to unclamp the knife through the pull rod 2, and compresses the disc spring group 5, the elastic force of the disc spring group 5 can clamp the knife through the pull rod 2 by the clamping component 3, each disc spring 5.1 is folded two by two and then combined into the disc spring group 5, so as to provide the broach (clamping knife) force required by the main shaft 1, bear a very large load in a small space, and have good buffering and shock absorbing capabilities, because of the surface friction resistance effect of the overlapped disc springs 5.1, the effects of absorbing impact and dissipating energy are more significant, the vibration is significantly reduced, and the machining precision is improved.

In an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 5 to 6, a method for installing the disc spring assembly 5 and a distance that the disc spring assembly 5 needs to be pre-pressed when installed, that is, a height of the disc spring assembly 5 when no knife is provided are provided, which are specifically as follows:

the mounting method of the disc spring group 5 comprises the following steps:

1) before the disc spring 5.1 is installed, sufficient lubrication is provided to reduce friction and abrasion;

2) penetrating the disc spring groups 5 into the pull rod 2, centering the pull rod 2, enabling the disc spring groups 5 to be combined in a two-by-two overlapping, involuting and combining mode, enabling force to be transmitted in a concentric mode in a centralized mode, and detecting the free height of the disc spring groups 5;

3) the disc spring is installed, and two ends of the disc spring need to ensure that the bottom end (D major diameter) of the disc spring 5.1 faces the bearing end face, so that the force transmission direction is stable;

4) the pull rod 2 and the disc spring assembly 5 are arranged in an inner hole of the main shaft 1, and the disc spring assembly 5 is pressed to the height of the disc spring 5.1 without a cutter by a pressure rod nut, so that the reliable actions of the broaching and loosening of the main shaft 1 are ensured.

The mounting method of the disc spring group 5 can not only ensure the good exertion of the sealing performance of the disc spring 5.1, but also prolong the service life of the disc spring 5.1.

Selecting 5.1 parameters of a disc spring: (the taper hole of the main shaft 1 is HSK-A100, the knife clamping force of the knife handle is Pm 1200Kg)

In order to prevent the disc spring 5.1 from being compressed too much (less than f2 being 0.75h) when the cutter is loosened, the two disc springs 5.1 which are overlapped are adopted to be combined, and the tension of each disc spring 5.1 is as follows:

P＝Pm/n*η

in the formula: pm is cutter clamping force, n is the number of single spring pieces (n is 2) in the laminated disc spring group 5, P is the pulling force of each disc spring 5.1, eta disc spring mechanical efficiency is 0.85, P is 705.882Kg,

h/s＝1.1/3＝0.366，P/P3＝705.882/1610＝0.438，

the disc spring characteristic diagram is searched according to h/s and P/P3 numerical values, namely f1/h is 0.42, f1 is 0.462mm,

two disc springs 5.1 are overlapped to form 90 pieces in common, the 90 pieces are overlapped to form 45 pairs, the compression amount of the 45 pairs is 20.79mm,

the free height H0 ═ H + s ═ 90/2 ═ 319.5mm of the disc spring group 5 after stacking,

the total height H1 of the disc spring group 5 under the action of P1 is 298.71mm (the height of the disc spring group 5 when a tool is clamped),

the stroke is 8mm when the knife is loosened, so the deformation of the disc spring 5.1 is 0.1777mm,

therefore, the total deformation of the disc spring 5.1 when the knife is released is 0.6397 mm.

Because the deformation f of the disc spring is less than or equal to 0.75h and the plastic deformation can not be generated when the disc spring which meets the standard regulation bears the static load, therefore,

when the knife is loosened, the total height H2-H0-0.6397-45-290.71 mm of the disc spring set 5,

the total height H3 ═ H1+5 ═ 303.71mm of the disc spring set 5 without knife,

therefore, the disc spring assembly 5 needs to be pre-pressed to 303.71mm when being installed.

Therefore, the five-shaft-head electric spindle 1 loose clamping cutter is compact in structure, convenient to adjust and assemble in application, high in centering precision, large in clamping force, high in clamping rigidity, safe and reliable. The problem that the dynamic balance of the spindle 1 is damaged due to the fact that the disc spring 5.1 deflects when the electric spindle 1 rotates at a high speed to cause vibration of the spindle 1 is avoided, and therefore machining precision is affected is solved.

In another embodiment provided by the invention, referring to fig. 7, the hydraulic device 4 comprises an annular oil cylinder 4.1 and a sliding ring 4.2, the annular oil cylinder 4.1 is sleeved on the periphery of the pull rod 2 but is not contacted with the pull rod 2, the annular oil cylinder 4.1 is fixedly arranged on the main shaft shell 9, the inner periphery of the annular oil cylinder 4.1 is open, the sliding ring 4.2 is in sealed sliding connection with the inner periphery of the annular oil cylinder 4.1, the sliding ring 4.2 is provided with an annular piston 4.3 positioned in the annular oil cylinder 4.1, the annular piston 4.3 is in sealed sliding connection with the inner periphery of the inner wall of the annular oil cylinder 4.1, the annular piston 4.3 divides the annular oil cylinder 4.1 into an upper oil cavity and a lower oil cavity, the space of the upper oil cavity and the lower oil cavity are not fixed, only for distinguishing the annular oil cavities 4.1 on both sides of the annular piston 4.3, the upper oil cavity is communicated with a first oil inlet 4.4, the lower oil inlet is communicated with a second oil inlet 4.5, and the inner periphery of the sliding ring 4.2 is fixedly connected with a first blocking part 4.6, the second blocking portion 4.7 is fixedly connected to the peripheral side surface of the pull rod 2, the first blocking portion 4.6 and the second blocking portion 4.7 are in blocking (abutting) fit, preferably, at least one of the first blocking portion 4.6 and the second blocking portion 4.7 is of an annular structure, so that the second blocking portion 4.7 rotating along with the pull rod 2 and the spindle 1 can be smoothly in blocking fit with the first blocking portion 4.6, if one of the first blocking portion 4.6 and the second blocking portion is of a non-annular structure, for example, the first blocking portion 4.6 is of an annular structure, the number of the second blocking portions 4.7 is 2-8, and the second blocking portions 4.7 are distributed in an annular array, so that when the first blocking portion 4.6 and the second blocking portions 4.7 are in blocking fit, the peripheral side of the pull rod 2 can be uniformly stressed, and the friction force of the pull rod 2 when the pull rod 2 slides relative to the spindle 1 is reduced.

When the cutter is loosened, hydraulic oil is led into an oil feeding cavity of the annular oil cylinder 4.1 through the first oil inlet 4.4 (the second oil inlet 4.5 is opened), the hydraulic oil pushes the annular piston 4.3 to move downwards, the annular sliding plug drives the sliding ring 4.2 and the first blocking and connecting portion 4.6 to slide, the first blocking and connecting portion 4.6 slides to the second blocking and connecting portion 4.7, and therefore the second blocking and connecting portion 4.7 and the pull rod 2 slide along the first direction, and the cutter is loosened by the clamping assembly 3. When a cutter is clamped, the first oil inlet 4.4 is opened, under the elastic force action of the disc spring group 5, the pull rod 2 slides to the second direction to reset so that the clamping assembly 3 clamps the cutter, hydraulic oil is led in through the second oil inlet 4.5, enters the lower oil cavity of the annular oil cylinder 4.1 and pushes the annular piston 4.3 to move towards the upper oil cavity, and the annular sliding plug drives the sliding ring 4.2 and the first blocking part 4.6 to slide, so that the first blocking part 4.6 is separated from the second blocking part 4.7, and the second blocking part 4.7 is prevented from being driven to generate friction with the first blocking part 4.6 when the main shaft 1 rotates.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2-3, the clamping assembly 3 includes a rivet 3.1, one end of the rivet 3.1 is slidably connected to the pull rod 2, and the end of the pull rod 2 is abutted and matched with the limit portion of the rivet 3.1, the inner wall of the main shaft 1 is provided with a first annular groove 3.2, the notch of the first annular groove 3.2 is a reduced notch, the first annular groove 3.2 is movably provided with a plurality of spheres 3.3 distributed in an annular shape, the spheres 3.3 are selected from steel balls or alloy balls with large hardness, the number of the spheres 3.3 is preferably 10-16, the diameter of each sphere 3.3 is larger than the notch width of the first annular groove 3.2, the spheres 3.3 can move in the first annular groove 3.2, the inner wall of the main shaft 1 is provided with a second annular groove 3.4 communicated with the groove bottom of the first annular groove 3.2, the second annular groove 3.4 is provided with a locking ring 3.5 axially slidably arranged along the main shaft 1, the inner wall of the locking ring 3.5 is composed of a cylindrical surface and a conical surface connected with each other, the locking ring 3.5 and the pull rod 2 are connected through a plurality of connecting rods 3.6, preferably, the connecting rods 3.6 are distributed in an annular array, and further preferably, the number of the connecting rods 3.6 is 2-8.

When the pull rod 2 moves along the second direction, the pull rod 2 drives the locking ring 3.5 to slide along the second direction through the connecting rod 3.6, the conical surface of the locking ring 3.5 extrudes each ball 3.3, so that each ball 3.3 synchronously moves towards the axis of the main shaft 1, each ball 3.3 is clamped in the clamping groove of the handle part of the cutter, and the cutter is clamped in the conical hole at the front end of the main shaft 1, namely the cutter is clamped; the pull rod 2 firstly moves along a first direction for a first stage, in the first stage, the end part of the pull rod 2 is not abutted against a limiting part on the blind rivet 3.1, the pull rod 2 only drives the locking ring 3.5 to slide along the first direction through the connecting rod 3.6, the conical surface of the locking ring 3.5 starts to slide away from the ball 3.3, each ball has a certain moving space, so that each ball 3.3 does not clamp a cutter any more, at the moment, the clamping between the clamping groove of the handle part of the cutter and the ball 3.3 is loosened, namely the connection between the cutter and the spindle 1 is loosened, but the cutter still cannot fall from the conical hole under the obstruction of the ball 3.3 because each ball 3.3 cannot completely enter the first annular groove 3.2, and then the cutter cannot fall off from the conical hole. The pull rod 2 continues to move towards the first direction for a second stage, at the beginning of the second stage, the end part of the pull rod 2 is abutted against the limiting part on the blind rivet 3.1, and the clamping connection between the clamping groove of the handle part of the tool and the ball body 3.3 is loosened in the first stage, so that the tool has a moving space relative to the ball body 3.3, therefore, the pull rod 2 starts to drive the connecting rod 3.6, the locking ring 3.5, the blind rivet 3.1 and the tool to synchronously move towards the first direction, and in the second stage: on the one hand, the conical surface of the locking ring 3.5 slides completely off the ball 3.3, the ball 3.3 can completely enter the first annular groove 3.2, and the cylindrical surface of the locking ring 3.5 can limit the ball 3.3 and prevent the ball 3.3 from completely entering the second annular groove 3.4; on the other hand, the one end that the pull rod 2 was kept away from to the blind rivet 3.1 promotes the cutter toward the outside of main shaft 1 taper hole, and the lateral wall extrusion spheroid 3.3 of cutter stalk portion draw-in groove, spheroid 3.3 are by crowded into first ring channel 3.2 completely in, spheroid 3.3 no longer the joint with cutter stalk portion draw-in groove, spheroid 3.3 no longer hinders the cutter removal promptly to realize the pine sword, can lift the cutter off through the arm.

Meanwhile, the clamping assembly 3 provided by the present embodiment has the following advantages compared with the pulling claw assembly in the prior art: firstly, in the process of clamping the cutter, the spheres 3.3 of the clamping assembly 3 provided by the embodiment move into the clamping grooves of the handle part of the cutter under the driving of the locking ring 3.5 and are clamped in the clamping grooves, and at the moment, the spheres 3.3 are mutually extruded and mutually restrained, so that the spheres 3.3 cannot be excessively extruded into the clamping grooves, and the cutter is protected; secondly, the parts of the claw sheet contacted with the handle part of the cutter are the same when the claw assembly clamps the cutter every time, and the damage and the abrasion on the parts of the claw sheet are large in the past, so that the cutter clamping force and the cutter clamping precision of the claw assembly are reduced, each ball 3.3 of the clamping assembly 3 provided by the embodiment can rotate freely, particularly, the side wall of a clamping groove of the handle part of the cutter is contacted with the ball 3.3 in the process of loosening the cutter, and the ball 3.3 is driven to rotate in the process of relative motion, so that the contact positions of the surface of the ball 3.3 contacted with the clamping groove of the handle part of the cutter are possibly different in each time of clamping the cutter, along with the increase of the times of clamping the cutter, each part of the outer surface of the ball 3.3 is basically contacted and clamped with the clamping groove of the handle part of the cutter in turn, so that the surface abrasion of the ball 3.3 can be reduced to the maximum extent, and the cutter clamping force and the precision of the clamping assembly 3 are ensured; thirdly, the pulling claw assembly generally comprises a plurality of claw sheets distributed in an annular array on the peripheral side of the pulling nail 3.1, and due to the movable connection (approximate hinging) between the claw sheets and the pulling nail 3.1, in consideration of the freedom of movement of the claw sheets and the cooperation capability between the claw sheets, the number of the claw sheets of almost all the pulling claw assembly is three or four, wherein the number of the claw sheets is three, so that the whole pulling claw assembly can not be used any more as long as any one pulling claw therein is worn or broken, however, in the clamping assembly 3 provided by the embodiment, the structural characteristics of the ball 3.3 cause the ball 3.3 to be difficult to break, and if the individual ball 3.3 in each ball 3.3 is worn, the other intact ball 3.3 can still clamp the tool, and the clamping effect has almost no influence, so that the electric spindle 1 can continue to be normally used, only in subsequent regular maintenance, the worn ball 3.3 can be replaced conveniently without considering other balls 3.3, and the replacement of the claw piece of the pull claw assembly needs to consider the connection (annular spring) between the claw piece and other claw pieces.

The invention also provides a five-axis head electric spindle 1, which comprises the spindle 1, a motor 7 for driving the spindle 1 to rotate and a unclamping knife mechanism arranged on the spindle 1, and is shown in a figure 1-2. Because the unclamping tool mechanism has the technical effects, the five-axis electric spindle 1 comprising the unclamping tool mechanism also has corresponding technical effects.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the present invention further includes a cooling water jacket 6 for cooling the motor 7, the motor 7 includes a stator 7.1 and a rotor 7.2, and the cooling water jacket 6 is wrapped around the stator 7.1 of the motor 7. As a preferable technical solution of this embodiment, the cooling water jacket 6 includes an annular housing 6.1, the annular housing 6.1 is wrapped around the stator 7.1 of the motor 7 (or the housing of the motor 7), the annular housing 6.1 is made of a material with excellent heat conductivity, a spiral cooling water tank 6.2 is disposed on the annular housing 6.1, and flowing cooling water is introduced into the cooling water tank 6.2 to dissipate heat and cool the stator 7.1 of the motor 7.

In the above technical solution, in the process that the cooling water flows from one end of the cooling water tank 6.2 to the other end, the cooling water absorbs heat from the stator 7.1 of the motor 7, so that the temperature of the cooling water is higher and higher, the heat absorption capacity of the cooling water is poorer and poorer, and the temperature of the whole stator 7.1 of the motor 7 is not uniformly reduced, the temperature of the stator 7.1 close to the downstream of the cooling water is obviously higher than that of the stator 7.1 close to the upstream of the cooling water, the temperature difference between the two ends of the stator 7.1 is large, and the temperature reduction effect is not particularly ideal. Therefore, referring to fig. 2 and 4, in another preferred technical solution provided in this embodiment, the cooling water jacket 6 includes an annular housing 6.1, the annular housing 6.1 is wrapped around the stator 7.1 of the motor 7, two parallel spiral water tanks 6.3 are disposed on the annular housing 6.1, cooling water is respectively introduced into the two spiral water tanks 6.3, and spiral flowing directions of the cooling water in the two spiral water tanks 6.3 are opposite to each other, so that the stator 7.1 can be cooled by heat dissipation from two ends of the motor 7 at the same time, a problem of a large temperature difference between two ends of the stator 7.1 is solved, and a cooling effect of the technical solution is improved by more than two times compared with a cooling effect of a single cooling water tank 6.2.

In the above technical solution, the inner side of the annular housing 6.1 of the cooling water jacket 6 is directly in contact with the peripheral side surface of the stator 7.1 in a fitting manner, so that there is a high possibility of intermittence or loose fitting between the contact surfaces of the annular housing 6.1 and the stator 7.1, and the effect of transferring the heat of the stator 7.1 to the annular housing 6.1 is reduced. Therefore, as a further preferable technical solution of the present embodiment, referring to fig. 4, on the basis of the above technical solution, a third annular groove 6.4 is formed at the inner side of an annular housing 6.1, a notch of the third annular groove 6.4 faces the peripheral side surface of a stator 7.1, two parallel spiral oil grooves 6.5 are arranged on the annular housing 6.1, the spiral oil grooves 6.5 and the spiral water grooves 6.3 are distributed at intervals, both the spiral oil grooves 6.5 are communicated with the third annular groove 6.4, a heat conducting oil cavity is formed between each of the spiral oil grooves 6.5, the third annular groove 6.4 and the peripheral side surface of the stator 7.1 of the motor 7, heat conducting oil is filled in the heat conducting oil cavity, the heat conducting oil can completely fill the gap between the annular housing 6.1 and the peripheral side surface of the stator 7.1, the heat of the stator 7.1 can be well transferred to the heat-conducting oil, and then transferred to the annular shell 6.1 through the heat-conducting oil, and finally absorbed and taken away by the cooling water in the spiral water tank 6.3, so that the motor 7 can be effectively cooled; the spiral oil groove 6.5 is arranged to enable the heat conducting oil to surround three fourths of the groove wall of the spiral water groove 6.3, so that the cooling water in the spiral water groove 6.3 can efficiently absorb heat in the annular shell 6.1 and the heat conducting oil, and the cooling effect on the stator 7.1 is further improved. Further, a plurality of protrusions 6.6 are arranged on the peripheral side face of the stator 7.1 of the motor 7, the protrusions 6.6 extend into the spiral oil groove 6.5 and are immersed in the heat conduction oil, on one hand, the protrusions 6.6 can transfer heat, namely, the heat of the stator 7.1 is transferred into the heat conduction oil, on the other hand, along with the operation of the motor 7, the stator 7.1 can generate vibration with high frequency and extremely small amplitude, the vibration can be transferred to the heat conduction oil through the stator 7.1 and the protrusions 6.6, the improvement of the flowability of the heat conduction oil is facilitated, particularly, the heat conduction oil in the third annular groove 6.4 and the heat conduction oil in the spiral oil groove 6.5 are exchanged and flowed, so that the efficiency of the heat conduction oil for transferring the heat of the stator 7.1 to the annular shell 6.1 is improved, and the cooling effect of the cooling water jacket 6 on the stator 7.1 is greatly improved.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2 and 8, the five-axis head electric spindle 1 further includes a bearing 8, a spindle housing 9, and a gas sealing mechanism, the spindle 1 is rotatably connected to the spindle housing 9 through the bearing 8, a gap is formed between the spindle housing 9 and a front end of the spindle 1, the front end of the spindle 1 refers to a section of the spindle 1 for mounting a tool, the gas sealing mechanism includes an air inlet passage 10 opened on the spindle housing 9, the air inlet passage 10 is communicated with the gap, the air inlet passage 10 delivers an air flow into the gap and ejects the air flow from a mouth of the gap, the mouth of the gap refers to an end of the gap axially far away from the bearing 8, and the mouth of the gap is communicated with the outside. The air sealing mechanism is used for forming an air film in the gap, namely forming an air flow continuously sprayed to the opening of the gap, so as to prevent water vapor and cutting dust around the main shaft 1 from entering the bearing 8 through the gap to corrode the bearing 8, and improve the rotation precision of the main shaft 1 and the service life of the bearing 8.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the axial middle part of the gap is communicated with a plurality of annular sawtooth grooves 11, the annular sawtooth grooves 11 are arranged on the peripheral side of the main shaft 1, the section of the annular sawtooth grooves 11 is in a right triangle shape, one side wall of the annular sawtooth grooves 11 is vertical to the axial direction of the main shaft 1, the other side wall is inclined towards the mouth part of the gap, the design can play two roles, one role is to guide the airflow, namely to guide the airflow input into the gap from the air inlet channel 10 to the mouth part of the gap, and the other role is to ensure that even if high-speed water mist or cutting dust directly enters the gap from the mouth part of the gap, because the air outlet of the air inlet channel 10 transmits the air towards the gap and the annular sawtooth grooves 11 along the radial direction of the main shaft 1, the water mist or the cutting dust is blown into the annular sawtooth grooves 11 by the airflow from the air inlet channel 10 when reaching the annular sawtooth grooves 11, the water mist or the cutting dust is brought out of the gap by the air flow after losing the initial kinetic energy, and the side wall of the annular sawtooth groove 11, which inclines towards the opening of the gap, can effectively guide the air flow, the water mist and the cutting dust to the opening of the gap.

In another embodiment provided by the present invention, the air sealing mechanism further comprises a spiral groove, the spiral groove is formed on the periphery side of the main shaft 1, the cross section of the spiral groove is consistent with the cross section of the plurality of parallel annular sawtooth grooves 11 in fig. 8, the cross section of the spiral groove presents a plurality of continuous right triangle shapes, one side wall of the spiral groove is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main shaft 1, and the other side wall of the spiral groove is inclined towards the mouth of the gap. The annular groove is designed with three functions, the first function is that pressurized airflow does not need to be actively introduced into the air inlet channel 10, when the main shaft 1 rotates, the rotation direction of the main shaft 1 is opposite to the spiral direction of the spiral groove, the main shaft 1 drives the spiral groove to rotate, the spiral groove discharges gas in the gap from the opening of the gap, negative pressure is formed inside the gap, the spiral groove can exhaust air from the air inlet channel 10, airflow continuously sprayed to the opening of the gap is formed in the gap, water vapor and cutting dust around the main shaft 1 are prevented from entering the bearing 8 through the gap to corrode the bearing 8, and the rotation precision of the main shaft 1 and the service life of the bearing 8 are improved; the other two functions are the same as those of the annular serration groove 11 described above.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 8, with the application of the high pressure (20-50 bar) and high flow rate (30L/min) central water outlet technology, and under the condition that the main shaft 1 is running at high speed (above 18000 rpm), especially when the a shaft participates in the linkage, high pressure cooling water splashes, a large amount of water vapor and water mist occurs, and some water vapor and water mist pass through the air seal ring region, therefore, referring to fig. 8, the present invention further includes a cut-off ring, the cut-off ring includes a groove opened on the outer convex end surface of the main shaft 1 and a convex ring 13 arranged on the main shaft housing 9, the convex ring 13 is inserted into the groove, and the cut-off ring can secondarily isolate the water mist and water vapor entering the gap, so as to prevent the water vapor and water mist from entering the bearing 8. Preferably, an outer air ring 14 is formed between the inner wall surface of the convex ring 13 and the corresponding wall surface of the concave ring 12, an inner air ring 15 is formed between the outer wall surface of the convex ring 13 and the corresponding wall surface of the concave ring 12, and in the design, considering that the air resistance on the inner air ring 15 is larger than the air resistance on the outer air ring 14 under the condition that the spindle 1 runs at a high speed, the gap width of the inner air ring 15 is 0.1-0.15 mm, and the gap width of the outer air ring 14 is 0.2-0.25 mm, the air pressure in the inner air ring 15 at the position of the cutting ring is ensured to be larger than the air pressure in the outer air ring 14, so that the water vapor and water mist passing through the air seal ring cannot enter the bearing 8 under the action of the air pressure difference between the inner air ring 15 and the outer air ring 14 in the area of the cutting ring for the second time, and the problem of end sealing of the spindle 1 with a high rotating speed is solved.

While certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described above by way of illustration only, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. The utility model provides a five first electric main shafts, includes main shaft and drive main shaft pivoted motor, its characterized in that still includes and sets up the pine on the main shaft and press from both sides sword mechanism, pine presss from both sides sword mechanism and includes:

the pull rod is arranged at the axis position of the main shaft in a sliding way;

the clamping assembly is used for receiving the driving of the pull rod to loosen or clamp the knife;

the hydraulic device is used for driving the pull rod to slide along a first direction so as to loosen the knife of the clamping assembly;

the disc spring group drives the pull rod to slide along a second direction in the process of restoring the deformation so as to enable the clamping component to clamp the knife, and the first direction and the second direction are opposite;

the disc springs of the disc spring group are folded in pairs and then are closed;

the clamping assembly comprises a blind rivet, and one end of the blind rivet is connected with the pull rod in a sliding manner;

a first annular groove is formed in the inner wall of the main shaft, a notch of the first annular groove is a necking, and a plurality of balls distributed annularly are movably arranged in the first annular groove;

a second annular groove communicated with the first annular groove is formed in the inner wall of the main shaft, a locking ring is arranged in the second annular groove in a sliding mode along the axial direction of the main shaft, and the inner wall surface of the locking ring is composed of a cylindrical surface and a conical surface;

the locking ring is connected with the pull rod through a plurality of connecting rods;

in the process of clamping the cutter, all spheres of the clamping assembly move towards the clamping groove of the handle part of the cutter under the driving of the locking ring and are clamped in the clamping groove, and at the moment, all spheres are mutually extruded;

the five-shaft-head electric spindle further comprises a cooling water jacket for cooling the motor, the cooling water jacket is coated on the periphery of the stator of the motor and comprises an annular shell, the annular shell is coated on the periphery of the stator of the motor, two parallel spiral water channels are formed in the annular shell, cooling water is respectively introduced into the two spiral water channels, and the spiral flowing directions of the cooling water in the two spiral water channels are opposite;

the five-shaft-head electric spindle further comprises a bearing, a spindle shell and a gas sealing mechanism, the spindle is rotatably connected to the spindle shell through the bearing, a gap is formed between the spindle shell and the front end of the spindle, the gas sealing mechanism comprises a gas inlet channel arranged on the spindle shell, the gas inlet channel is communicated with the gap, and the gas inlet channel conveys gas flow into the gap and sprays out from the opening of the gap;

the five-spindle-head electric spindle further comprises a cutting ring, the cutting ring comprises a concave ring arranged on the outer convex end face of the spindle and a convex ring arranged on the spindle shell, the convex ring is inserted into the concave ring, an outer gas ring is formed between the inner wall face of the convex ring and the corresponding wall face of the concave ring, an inner gas ring is formed between the outer wall face of the convex ring and the corresponding wall face of the concave ring, the gap width of the inner gas ring 15 is 0.1-0.15 mm, the gap width of the outer gas ring is 0.2-0.25 mm, and the gas pressure in the inner gas ring at the cutting ring is greater than the gas pressure in the outer gas ring;

a third annular groove is formed in the inner side of the annular shell, two parallel spiral oil grooves are formed in the annular shell, the spiral oil grooves and the spiral oil grooves are distributed at intervals, the two spiral oil grooves are communicated with the third annular groove, a heat conduction oil cavity is formed among the spiral oil grooves, the third annular groove and the periphery side of a stator of the motor, and heat conduction oil is filled in the heat conduction oil cavity; a plurality of bulges are arranged on the peripheral side of the stator of the motor and extend into the spiral oil groove.

2. The five-axis head electric spindle according to claim 1, wherein the disc spring set is sleeved on the periphery of the pull rod; one end of the disc spring group is abutted to the main shaft, the other end of the disc spring group is abutted to the pull rod, and the pull rod slides along the first direction to enable the disc spring group to deform.

3. The five-axis head motorized spindle according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic device comprises an annular oil cylinder and a sliding ring, the inner peripheral side of the annular oil cylinder is open, the sliding ring is in sealed sliding connection with the inner peripheral side of the annular oil cylinder, an annular piston located in the annular oil cylinder is arranged on the sliding ring, the annular piston divides the annular oil cylinder into an upper oil cavity and a lower oil cavity, the upper oil cavity is communicated with a first oil inlet, the lower oil cavity is communicated with a second oil inlet, a first blocking portion is fixedly connected to the inner peripheral side of the sliding ring, a second blocking portion is fixedly connected to the peripheral side face of the pull rod, and the first blocking portion is in blocking matching with the second blocking portion.

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