CN113304751A - Oxygen reduction catalytic material with gradient pore structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Oxygen reduction catalytic material with gradient pore structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-adamantyl)-3-aminothiourea Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(NC(=S)NN)C3 XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- KMHSUNDEGHRBNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClC1=NC=C(C#N)C(Cl)=N1 KMHSUNDEGHRBNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- MFLKDEMTKSVIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;2-methylimidazol-3-ide Chemical class [Zn+2].CC1=NC=C[N-]1.CC1=NC=C[N-]1 MFLKDEMTKSVIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- YYXHRUSBEPGBCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneiron Chemical compound [N].[Fe] YYXHRUSBEPGBCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013154 zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 Substances 0.000 description 37
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012621 metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005595 deprotonation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010537 deprotonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 imidazolium anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBFYUZGYRGXSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazolide Chemical compound C1=C[N-]C=N1 JBFYUZGYRGXSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/80—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with zinc, cadmium or mercury
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/33—Electric or magnetic properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oxygen reduction catalytic material with a gradient pore structure and a preparation method thereof, wherein zinc nitrate hexahydrate is dissolved in deionized water; adding zinc nitrate hexahydrate aqueous solution into aqueous solution containing 2-methylimidazole, iron phthalocyanine and silicon dioxide template, and stirring; preparing a gray precursor sample through centrifugation, washing and drying; and carrying out heat treatment on the precursor in an inert atmosphere and carrying out template removal by hydrofluoric acid to obtain the oxygen reduction catalytic material with the gradient pore structure. The oxygen reduction catalytic material introduces an iron source and a silicon dioxide template on the basis of a microporous ZIF-8 derivative material with high specific surface area, has a large number of iron-nitrogen active sites, and zinc with a low boiling point volatilizes in the carbonization process to generate a large number of micropores.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of new energy materials, and particularly relates to an oxygen reduction catalytic material with a gradient pore structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Efficient green chemical power sources such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries have been rapidly developed in the last decade, and they have been commercially applied in some fields and are approaching the goal of large-scale commercialization. In addition to the improvement of the output performance of the battery, the high manufacturing cost is also one of the important reasons for limiting the commercialization of the battery. The cathode side of the green chemical power supply generates oxygen reduction reaction to ensure the operation of the battery, but the oxygen reduction reaction with slow kinetics usually needs to use a noble metal catalytic material to accelerate the proceeding of the electrochemical reaction, and the development of a cheap transition metal-based catalyst is very important for the development of new energy devices involved in the oxygen reduction reaction in consideration of limited noble metal reserves and high price.
The metal organic framework has higher specific surface area and porosity, and the structural unit is rich in carbon element, nitrogen element and unsaturated metal site, and is considered as a promising precursor of the transition metal-based catalytic material. However, the conductivity of the metal organic framework is poor, and unless the conductivity of the metal organic framework is improved by some modification methods, the metal organic framework needs to be carbonized to improve the conductivity of the material so as to be applied to the oxygen reduction reaction. Among many metal organic framework materials, the Zeolite Imidazolate Framework (ZIF) material with high nitrogen content is a promising catalyst precursor. ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 are crystalline materials formed by deprotonating 2-methylimidazole and coordinating with zinc ions or cobalt ions. However, the use of toxic and flammable organic solvents such as methanol and DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide) not only increases the cost, but also causes environmental problems and potential safety hazards. Water is the optimal choice for synthesizing ZIF materials, but the acidity coefficient of 2-methylimidazole in water is too high, so that deprotonation and metal ion coordination are difficult to carry out, and therefore, the problem of improving the deprotonation capability of 2-methylimidazole is faced by aqueous phase synthesis of ZIF.
A Chinese patent application with publication number CN112495417A discloses an iron monatomic catalyst, a preparation method and an application thereof, which comprises the following steps: 1) dispersing ferric salt and zinc nitrate in water to prepare a first solution, and dispersing 2-methylimidazole and amine in water to prepare a second solution; mixing the first solution and the second solution, and reacting to generate a solid intermediate; 2) and calcining the obtained intermediate in a protective atmosphere to prepare the iron-nitrogen co-doped porous carbon material type iron monatomic catalyst. The feeding molar ratio of the iron salt to the zinc nitrate to the amine to the 2-methylimidazole is 1: 10-30: 40-120. Although the patent application realizes the aqueous phase synthesis of ZIF, amine is introduced as an additive in the preparation process of the method, so that the preparation cost of the material is increased to a certain extent. In addition, when a solid intermediate is generated, a large amount of 2-methylimidazole is added, the product morphology of the intermediate is difficult to control, and basically no regular morphology exists.
In addition, most metal organic framework-derived catalytic materials have a high specific surface area, but the pore size distribution is generally concentrated below 5nm, and the lack of large-sized mesopores and macropores limits the mass transfer efficiency of the catalytic material in the oxygen reduction reaction process, especially the high mass transfer requirement of the battery under high current density. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce mesopores and macropores in the preparation process of the metal organic framework derivative material to construct a hierarchical porous structure so as to optimize a multi-scale mass transfer channel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an oxygen reduction catalytic material with a gradient pore structure, which increases the pH value of a system by increasing the amount of weakly alkaline 2-methylimidazole, reduces the deprotonation difficulty of 2-methylimidazole, can provide more imidazolium anions to initiate nucleation, successfully prepares ZIF-8 in water, introduces an iron source and a silicon dioxide template in the preparation process, carbonizes zinc with low boiling point to generate a large number of micropores, and removes the template by hydrofluoric acid to obtain the iron-doped hierarchical porous carbon material. The synthesis process of the ZIF-8 derived catalyst uses pure water instead of toxic organic solvents such as methanol, DMF and the like, has good oxygen reduction activity, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A preparation method of an oxygen reduction catalytic material with a gradient pore structure is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps: 1) preparing 1-1.5 parts of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 10-11 parts of 2-methylimidazole, 0.05-0.1 part of iron phthalocyanine and 0.1-0.5 part of silicon dioxide template by mass; 2) dissolving zinc nitrate hexahydrate in deionized water to obtain a solution A for later use; 3) dissolving 2-methylimidazole, iron phthalocyanine and a silicon dioxide template in deionized water to obtain a solution B; 4) uniformly mixing and stirring the solution A and the solution B, and then centrifugally washing and drying; 5) calcining the dried product obtained in the step 4) under the protection of gas, and cooling the calcined product along with a furnace; 6) mixing and stirring the product obtained in the step 5) with hydrofluoric acid, removing the silicon dioxide template, and then carrying out centrifugal washing and suction filtration to obtain the oxygen reduction catalytic material.
More preferably, the volume ratio of solution A to solution B is 1: 5-8.
More preferably, in step 4), the solution A and the solution B are mixed and stirred for a period of 8 to 24 hours.
More preferably, in step 4), the centrifugal washing is performed using absolute ethanol, and then dried under vacuum at 50 to 80 ℃.
More preferably, in step 5), the calcination temperature is 800-.
More preferably, in step 5), the protective gas used for protection is nitrogen, argon or a mixture of nitrogen and argon.
More preferably, in step 5), the calcination temperature increase rate is 3 to 6 ℃/min.
More preferably, in the step 5), the mass fraction of the hydrofluoric acid is 10 +/-1%, and the mixing and stirring time is 2-8 hours.
An oxygen reduction catalytic material with a gradient pore structure is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method.
The invention has the beneficial effects.
1) According to the invention, the pH value of the system is increased by properly increasing the amount of weakly alkaline 2-methylimidazole, more imidazolium anions are provided to initiate nucleation, the deprotonation difficulty of 2-methylimidazole is reduced, and the synthesized material is consistent with the XRD (X-ray diffraction) pattern of the simulated ZIF-8 under the specific ratio of 2-methylimidazole to zinc nitrate, so that the rhombic dodecahedral ZIF-8 is successfully synthesized in the water phase system, the morphology is very regular, and a solid foundation is provided for ensuring the performance of the subsequently prepared oxygen reduction catalytic material.
2) In the invention, the space occupied by the silicon dioxide introduced in the synthesis process forms mesoporous and macroporous nano-pores in situ after the template removing process, and a hierarchical porous structure is constructed by the characteristics of the micropores of ZIF-8 and the micropores brought by low-boiling-point zinc volatilization. In addition, a proper amount of iron and nitrogen are coordinated to form a large number of oxygen reduction active sites, so that the oxygen reduction activity of the catalytic material is improved together.
3) The non-noble metal catalyst prepared by the method shows good oxygen reduction performance, and the half-wave potentials of oxygen reduction in alkaline and acidic media are respectively as high as 0.90V and 0.77V.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the precursor material (ZIF-8) obtained in comparative experiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a comparison of XRD patterns of the precursor material (ZIF-8) obtained in comparative experiment 1 of the present invention and a simulated ZIF-8.
FIG. 3 shows a TEM spectrum of the oxygen reduction catalytic material with gradient pore structure prepared in example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows an argon adsorption/desorption curve and a corresponding pore size distribution curve of the oxygen reduction catalytic material with a gradient pore structure prepared in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows LSV spectra for oxygen reduction in 0.1M KOH for the aqueous synthetic ZIF-8 derived catalytic materials prepared in comparative examples 1-2 and example 3, respectively, and commercial Pt/C, in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows aqueous synthetic ZIF-8 derived catalytic materials prepared in comparative examples 1-2 and example 3 and commercial products of the present inventionPt/C in 0.1M HClO4Oxygen reduction LSV spectrum in (c).
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention. The following description of the embodiments is exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Example 1.
A preparation method of an oxygen reduction catalytic material with a gradient pore structure mainly comprises the following steps.
1) 1.00g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate is weighed and placed in a 50mL beaker, 30mL of deionized water and a magneton are added and stirred and dissolved on a magnetic stirrer, and a solution A is obtained for later use.
2) Solution B was obtained by weighing 11.00g of 2-methylimidazole, 0.1g of iron phthalocyanine, and 0.5g of silica template in 240mL of deionized water.
3) And quickly adding the solution B into the solution A which is continuously stirred by magnetic force, stirring for 12 hours at room temperature, centrifuging the solution for 3 times by using deionized water, centrifuging and washing for 3 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying at the temperature of 80 ℃ in vacuum to obtain a gray precursor material.
4) Placing the gray precursor obtained in the step 3) in a high-temperature tube furnace, adopting high-purity argon as protective gas, heating to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 150 min. And after the heat treatment process is finished, cooling the mixture to room temperature along with the furnace, mixing and stirring the obtained product and hydrofluoric acid with the mass fraction of 10% for 2 hours, and performing centrifugal washing and suction filtration to obtain the water-phase synthesis ZIF-8 derived catalytic material.
The aqueous phase synthesis ZIF-8 derived catalytic material prepared in the example was subjected to electrochemical testing with a three-electrode system, and the half-wave potentials of oxygen reduction in alkaline and acidic electrolytes were as high as 0.88V and 0.77V, respectively.
Example 2.
A preparation method of an oxygen reduction catalytic material with a gradient pore structure mainly comprises the following steps.
1) 1.50g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate is weighed and placed in a 50mL beaker, 30mL of deionized water and a magneton are added and stirred and dissolved on a magnetic stirrer, and a solution A is obtained for later use.
2) Solution B was obtained by weighing 10.00g of 2-methylimidazole, 0.05g of iron phthalocyanine, and 0.10g of silica template in 150mL of deionized water.
3) And quickly adding the solution B into the solution A which is continuously stirred by magnetic force, stirring for 8 hours at room temperature, centrifuging the solution for 3 times by using deionized water, centrifuging and washing for 3 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying at the temperature of 50 ℃ in vacuum to obtain a gray precursor material.
4) And (3) placing the gray precursor obtained in the step 3) in a high-temperature tube furnace, adopting high-purity argon as protective gas, raising the temperature to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 6 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 90 min. And after the heat treatment process is finished, cooling the mixture to room temperature along with the furnace, mixing and stirring the obtained product and hydrofluoric acid with the mass fraction of 10% for 8 hours, and performing centrifugal washing and suction filtration to obtain the water-phase synthesis ZIF-8 derived catalytic material.
The aqueous phase synthesis ZIF-8 derived catalytic material prepared in the example was subjected to three-electrode system electrochemical testing, with half-wave potentials of oxygen reduction in alkaline and acidic electrolytes as high as 0.90V and 0.76V, respectively.
Example 3.
A preparation method of an oxygen reduction catalytic material with a gradient pore structure mainly comprises the following steps.
1) 1.19g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate is weighed into a 50mL beaker, 30mL of deionized water and a magneton are added and stirred and dissolved on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a solution A for later use.
2) Solution B was obtained by weighing 11.82g of 2-methylimidazole, 0.08g of iron phthalocyanine, and 0.36g of silica template in 180mL of deionized water.
3) And quickly adding the solution B into the solution A which is continuously stirred by magnetic force, stirring for 24 hours at room temperature, centrifuging the solution for 3 times by using deionized water, centrifuging and washing for 3 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ in vacuum to obtain a gray precursor material.
4) Placing the gray precursor obtained in the step 3) in a high-temperature tube furnace, adopting high-purity argon as protective gas, heating to 950 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 120 min. And after the heat treatment process is finished, cooling the mixture to room temperature along with the furnace, mixing and stirring the obtained product and hydrofluoric acid with the mass fraction of 10% for 6 hours, and performing centrifugal washing and suction filtration to obtain the water-phase synthesis ZIF-8 derived catalytic material.
The aqueous phase synthesis ZIF-8 derived catalytic material prepared in the example was subjected to three-electrode system electrochemical testing, with half-wave potentials of oxygen reduction in alkaline and acidic electrolytes as high as 0.90V and 0.77V, respectively.
The preparation method of the ZIF-8 derived catalytic material through aqueous phase synthesis of NC-1 comprises the following steps.
[ 1) 1.19g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate is weighed into a 50mL beaker, 30mL of deionized water and a magneton are added and stirred and dissolved on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a solution A for later use.
2) Solution B was prepared by weighing 11.82g of 2-methylimidazole and dissolving in 180mL of deionized water.
3) And quickly adding the solution B into the solution A which is continuously stirred by magnetic force, stirring for 24 hours at room temperature, centrifuging the solution for 3 times by using deionized water, centrifuging and washing for 3 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ in vacuum to obtain a gray precursor material.
4) Placing the gray precursor obtained in the step 3) in a high-temperature tube furnace, adopting high-purity argon as protective gas, heating to 950 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 120 min. And after the heat treatment process is finished, cooling the mixture to room temperature along with the furnace, mixing and stirring the obtained product and hydrofluoric acid, and performing centrifugal washing and suction filtration to obtain the NC-1 water-phase synthesis ZIF-8 derived catalytic material.
The aqueous phase synthesis ZIF-8 derived catalytic material prepared in the example was subjected to electrochemical testing in a three-electrode system, and the half-wave potentials of oxygen reduction in alkaline and acidic media were 0.80V and 0.51V, respectively.
The preparation method of the ZIF-8 derived catalytic material synthesized by the NC-2 aqueous phase comprises the following steps.
1) 1.19g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate is weighed into a 50mL beaker, 30mL of deionized water and a magneton are added and stirred and dissolved on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a solution A for later use.
2) Solution B was obtained by weighing 11.82g of 2-methylimidazole and 0.08g of iron phthalocyanine in 180mL of deionized water.
3) And quickly adding the solution B into the solution A which is continuously stirred by magnetic force, stirring for 24 hours at room temperature, centrifuging the solution for 3 times by using deionized water, centrifuging and washing for 3 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ in vacuum to obtain a gray precursor material.
4) Placing the gray precursor obtained in the step 3) in a high-temperature tube furnace, adopting high-purity argon as protective gas, heating to 950 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 120 min. And after the heat treatment process is finished, cooling the mixture to room temperature along with the furnace, and taking out the cooled mixture to obtain the NC-2 water-phase synthesis ZIF-8 derived catalytic material.
The aqueous phase synthesis ZIF-8 derived catalytic material prepared by the NC-2 in the example is subjected to three-electrode system electrochemical test, and the half-wave potentials of oxygen reduction in alkaline and acidic media are 0.86V and 0.74V respectively.
SEM results of the aqueous phase synthesis of ZIF-8 prepared in comparative experiment 1 are shown in FIG. 1, and the morphology of the aqueous phase synthesis of ZIF-8 is a rhombic dodecahedron structure, which is the same as that of ZIF-8 prepared by traditional methanol. The XRD result of the aqueous phase synthesis ZIF-8 prepared in the comparative experiment 1 is shown in figure 2, and as can be seen from figure 2, the peak positions of the aqueous phase synthesis ZIF-8 prepared in the comparative experiment 1 correspond to those of the simulated ZIF-8, which indicates that the ZIF-8 material with high crystallinity is successfully synthesized. It can be seen that the ZIF-8 materials with high crystallinity were successfully synthesized in the preparation of the synthetic catalytic materials in examples 1-3 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a TEM spectrum of the oxygen reduction catalytic material with gradient pore structure prepared in example 3 of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 3, the aqueous phase synthesis ZIF-8 derived catalytic material prepared according to the example of the present invention has a large number of nanopores inside. Fig. 4 shows an argon adsorption/desorption curve and a corresponding pore size distribution curve of the oxygen reduction catalytic material with a gradient pore structure prepared in example 3 of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 4, the aqueous phase synthesis ZIF-8 derived catalytic material prepared in the embodiment of the present invention has a high specific surface area and a hierarchical porous structure of micro-pore-meso-pore-macro-pore, which is beneficial to material transport in an electrochemical process.
In order to better demonstrate the inventive step, electrochemical tests were also performed on the aqueous phase synthesis ZIF-8 derived catalytic materials prepared in comparative experiment 1, comparative experiment 2 and inventive example 3. In the test, the aqueous phase synthesis ZIF-8 derived catalytic material prepared in example 3 of the present invention was labeled NC-3. The test results are shown in fig. 5 and 6.
As can be seen from fig. 5, the oxygen reduction activity of the aqueous phase synthesis ZIF-8 derived catalytic material prepared in example 3 of the present invention was the highest and superior to the commercial Pt/C catalytic material in the 0.1M KOH electrolyte.
As can be seen from FIG. 6, at 0.1M HClO4In the electrolyte, the oxygen reduction activity of the aqueous phase synthesis ZIF-8 derived catalytic material prepared in example 3 of the present invention was also the highest.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art from the foregoing description of construction and principles that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that modifications and substitutions based on the teachings of the art may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. The details not described in the detailed description are prior art or common general knowledge.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of an oxygen reduction catalytic material with a gradient pore structure is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
1) preparing 1-1.5 parts of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 10-11 parts of 2-methylimidazole, 0.05-0.1 part of iron phthalocyanine and 0.1-0.5 part of silicon dioxide template by mass;
2) dissolving zinc nitrate hexahydrate in deionized water to obtain a solution A for later use;
3) dissolving 2-methylimidazole, iron phthalocyanine and a silicon dioxide template in deionized water to obtain a solution B;
4) uniformly mixing and stirring the solution A and the solution B, and then centrifugally washing and drying;
5) calcining the dried product obtained in the step 4) under the protection of gas, and cooling the calcined product along with a furnace;
6) mixing and stirring the product obtained in the step 5) with hydrofluoric acid, and performing centrifugal washing and suction filtration to obtain the oxygen reduction catalytic material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of solution a to solution B is 1: 5-8.
3. The method for preparing an oxygen-reducing catalytic material with a gradient pore structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4), the solution A and the solution B are mixed and stirred for 8-24 hours.
4. The method for preparing an oxygen reduction catalytic material with a gradient pore structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4), the centrifugal washing is performed by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and then the centrifugal washing is performed by placing the material at 50-80 ℃ and drying the material in vacuum.
5. The method for preparing an oxygen-reducing catalyst material with a gradient pore structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 5), the calcination temperature is 800-1000 ℃ and the calcination time is 90-150 min.
6. The method for preparing an oxygen-reducing catalytic material with a gradient pore structure as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein in step 5), the protective gas used for protection is nitrogen, argon or a mixture of nitrogen and argon.
7. The method for preparing an oxygen-reducing catalytic material with a gradient pore structure as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein in step 5), the temperature rise rate of calcination is 3-6 ℃/min.
8. The method for preparing an oxygen reduction catalytic material with a gradient pore structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 5), the mass fraction of hydrofluoric acid is 10 ± 1%, and the mixing and stirring time is 2-8 hours.
9. An oxygen reduction catalytic material of gradient pore structure, characterized in that it is prepared by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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